CONTENTS
[Volume I of print edition, through section 1625]
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
Definition of Moral Theology (1-3).—The Objects of Moral Theology (4-5).—The Sources of Moral Theology (6-12).—The Methods of Moral Theology (13-14).—The History of Moral Theology (15-16).—The Division of Moral Theology (17-18).
PART I. GENERAL MORAL THEOLOGY
Question I
THE LAST END OF MAN AND THE MEANS TO THAT END
Art. 1. THE LAST END OF MAN
The Existence of the Last End (19).—The Nature of the Last End (20).—The Attainment of the Last End (21).
Art. 2. ACTS AS HUMAN
Introduction (22).—Definition (23).—Knowledge Requisite for a Human Act (24-33).—Consent Requisite for a Human Act (34-39).—Obstacles to Consent (40-55).—Two Kinds of Voluntary Acts (56-62).
Art. 3. ACTS AS MORAL
Introduction (63).—-Definition (64-69).—The Sources of Morality (70-75).—Good Acts (76-78).—Bad Acts (79-81).—Indifferent Acts (82-86).—Perfect and Essential Goodness (87-88).—Morality of the External Act (89-93).—Morality of the Act Indirectly Willed (94-95).—Morality of the Consequences of an Act (96).—Imputability (97-105).
Art. 4. ACTS AS MERITORIOUS
Introduction (106).—Definition (107).—Divisions of Merit (108-115).
Art. 5. THE PASSIONS
Introduction (116).—Definition (117).—Division (118-120).—Moral Value of the Passions (121-131).
Question II
GOOD AND BAD HABITS
INTRODUCTION (132)
Art. 1. HABITS IN GENERAL
Definition (133).—Division (134-136).—Strengthening and Weakening of Habits (137-139).—Habits and Morality (140-141).
Art. 2. GOOD HABITS, OR VIRTUES
Definition (142).—Division (143-152).—Properties of the Virtues (153-158).—Complements of the Virtues (159-166).
Art. 3. BAD HABITS, OR VICES
Definition (167).—Divisions (168).—Mortal Sin (169-179).—Venial Sin (180-184).—Imperfections (185).—Change in the Gravity of Moral Defects (186-196).—The Distinctions of Sins (197-219).—Comparison of Sins (220-229).—The Subjects of Sins (230-245).—The Causes of Sin (246-267).—The Motives of Sin (268-271).—The Results of Sin (272-283).
Question III
LAW
INTRODUCTION
Art. 1. LAW IN GENERAL
Definition (285).—Division (286-287).—Collision of Laws (288-292).—The Basis of All Laws (293-294).
Art. 2. THE NATURAL LAW
Meaning (295-296).—Division (297-304).—Properties (305-327).
Art. 3. THE POSITIVE DIVINE LAW
Meaning (328-330).—Division (331).—The Mosaic Law (332-345).—The Law of the New Testament (346-369).
Art. 4. HUMAN LAW
Definition (370).—Division (371).—Qualities (372-374).—Obligation of Human Laws (375-384).—Interpretation of Law (385-386).—Those Subject to Law (387-388).—Change of Law (389-390).—The Law of Custom (391-400).—Dispensation (401-410).—Epieikeia (411-417).
Art. 5. ECCLESIASTICAL LAW
Introduction (418-419).—General Law of the Church (420-422).— Lawgivers in the Church (423-424).—Subject-Matter of Church Law (425-426).—Those Bound by General Laws (427-434).—Those Bound by Particular Laws (435-446).—Promulgation (447-449).—Irritant Laws (450-458).—Laws Based on Presumption (459-461).—Fulfillment of Law (462-482).—Interpretation (433-486).—Cessation of Obligation (487-499).—Cessation of Law (500-505).—Custom (506-513).—Laws in a Wide Sense (514-541).
Art. 6. CIVIL LAW
Meaning (542).—Origin (543-545).—Subject-Matter (546-549).—Those Subject to Civil Law (550).—The Obligation of Civil Law (551-556).— Special Kinds of Laws (557-572).—Other Questions (573).
Question IV
CONSCIENCE
INTRODUCTION (574)
Art. 1. THE LAW OF CONSCIENCE
Definition (575).—Division (576-579).—Obligation of Conscience (580-587).—Results of Conscience (588-592).
Art. 2. A GOOD CONSCIENCE
Introduction (593).—Definitions (594).—Divisions (595-596).—The Lax Conscience (597-606).—The Scrupulous Conscience (607-613).— Scrupulosity (614-635).—Practical Conclusions (636-639).
Art. 3. A CERTAIN CONSCIENCE
Introduction (640).—Necessity of Certitude (641-642).—Kinds of Certitude (643-653).—An Uncertain Conscience (654-655).—Doubt and Suspicion (656-661).—Opinion (662-671).—The Moral Systems (672-675).—Tutiorism (676-679).—Laxism (680-681).—The Other Systems (682).-Probabiliorism (683-687).—Equiprobabilism (688-700).— Probabilism (701-730).—Compensationism (731-738).—Practical Conclusions (739-742).
PART II. SPECIAL MORAL THEOLOGY
INTRODUCTION (743)
Question I. THE DUTIES OF ALL CLASSES OF MEN
THE INFUSED VIRTUES (744-745)
Art. 1. THE VIRTUE OF FAITH
Introduction (746-749).—The Meaning of Faith (750-753).—The Object of Faith (754-781).—The Acts of Faith (782-796).—The Habit of Faith (797-807).—The Gifts of Understanding and Knowledge (808-811).
Art. 2. THE SINS AGAINST FAITH
Introduction (812).—The Sin of Unbelief (813-825).—Heresy (826-834).—Apostasy (835-839).—The Sin of Doubt (840-846).—Credulity and Rationalism (847).—Dangers to Faith (848).—Dangerous Reading (849-866).—Dangerous Schools (867-874).—Dangerous Marriages (875-881).—Dangerous Communication (882-888).—The Sin of Blasphemy (887-903).—Sins of Ignorance, Blindness, Dullness (904-912).
Art. 3. THE COMMANDMENTS OF FAITH
Introduction (913).—The Commandment of Knowledge of Faith (914-924).— The Commandment of Internal Acts of Faith (925-937).—The Negative Commandment of External Profession of Faith (938-943).—Dangers of Profession of Unbelief (944).—Forbidden Societies (945-955).— Communication in Worship (956-975).-Cooperation in Religious Activities (976-986).—The Affirmative Commandment of External Profession of Faith (987-1008).
Art. 4. THE VIRTUE OF HOPE
Definition (1009-1017).—The Object of Hope (1018-1026).—The Excellence of Hope (1027-1035).—The Subject of Hope (1030-1040).—The Gift of Fear of the Lord (1041-1058).—The Sins against Hope (1059-1091).—The Commandments of Hope and of Fear (1092-1104).
Art. 5. THE VIRTUE OF CHARITY
Definition (1105-1114).—The Excellence of Charity (1115-1120).— Production of Charity (1121-1132).—The Object of Charity (1133-1157).—The Order of Charity (1158-1182).—The Acts of Charity (1183-1192).
Art. 6. THE EFFECTS OF CHARITY
Internal Effects of Charity (1193).—Joy (1194).—Peace (1195-1197).— Reconciliation (1198-1204).—Mercy (1205-1209).—External Effects of Charity (1210).—Beneficence (1211-1215).—Almsgiving (1216-1257).— Fraternal Correction (1258-1294).
Art. 7. THE SINS AGAINST LOVE AND JOY
Introduction (1295).—Hate (1296).—Hatred of God (1297-1303).—Hatred of Creatures (1304-1311).—Gravity of the Sin of Hatred (1312-1316). —Species of the Sin of Hatred (1317-1319).—The Sin of Sloth (1320-1325).—Laziness (1326).—Lukewarmness (1327).—The Sin of Envy (1328-1331).—Emulation (1332).—Jealousy (1333).—Fear (1334).— Indignation (1335-1336).—Gravity of the Sin of Envy (1337-1344).— Means of Overcoming Envy (1345-1346).
Art. 8. THE SINS AGAINST PEACE
Introduction (1347).—Discord (1348-1354).—Contention (1355-1362).— Acts of Sin against Peace (1363).—Schism (1364-1375).—War (1376-1427).—Fighting (1428-1434).—Duelling (1435-1439).—Sedition (1440-1443).
Art. 9. THE SINS AGAINST BENEFICENCE
Introduction (1444).—Scandal (1445-1446).—Definition of Scandal (1447).—Causes of Scandal (1448-1458).—Results of Scandal (1459-1464).—Sinfulness of Scandal (1465-1474).—Persons Scandalized (1475-1476).—Duty of Avoiding Scandal (1477-1487).—Duty of Repairing Scandal (1488-1492).—Denial of Sacraments in Case of Scandal (1493-1494).—Seduction (1495-1505).—Cooperation in Sin (1506-1508).— Kinds of Cooperation (1508-1512).—Sinfulness of Cooperation (1513-1514).—Lawfulness of Material Cooperation (1515-1525).— Lawfulness of Immediate Cooperation (1526-1527).—Special Cases of Cooperation (1528).-Cooperation in Reading Matter (1529-1530).—In Dances and Plays (1531-1532).—In Selling (1533-1536).—In Providing Food and Drink (1537-1539).—In Renting (1540-1541).—In Service (1542-1544).—Duties of the Confessor as Regards Cooperation (1545-1546).
Art 10. THE COMMANDMENTS OF CHARITY
Introduction (1547-1552).—The Commandment of Love of God (1553-1560).—The Commandment of Love of Self (1561-1578).—The Commandment of Love of Neighbor (1579-1584).—Fulfillment of the Commandments of Charity (1585-1608).
Art 11. THE GIFT OF WISDOM
Introduction (1609).—The Nature of the Gift of Wisdom (1610-1614).— The Persons who Possess Wisdom (1615-1618).—The Beatitude and the Fruits that Correspond to Wisdom (1619-1620).—The Sins Opposed to Wisdom (1621-1625).
[Volume II of print edition, section 1626 to end]
Question II. THE DUTIES OF ALL CLASSES OF MEN (The Moral Virtues)
Art. 1. THE VIRTUE OF PRUDENCE
Definition (1627).—Objects (1628, 1629).—Certainty of Prudence (1630).—Excellence (1631, 1632).—Acts (1633).—Qualities (1634).— Parts (1635, 1636).—Integral Parts (1637, 1638).—Subjective Parts (1639-1645).—Potential Parts (1646, 1647).—Persons Who Possess Prudence (1648-1656).—Growth and Decay of Prudence (1657).—The Beatitude and the Fruits that Correspond to Counsel (1662).—The Sins Against Prudence (1663).—Imprudence (1664-1666).—Haste (1667).— Thoughtlessness.—Inconstancy (1669).—Causes of These Sins (1670).— Negligence (1671-1673).—False Prudence (1674).—The Prudence of the Flesh (1675, 1676).—Astuteness, Trickery, Fraud (1677-1680).— Solicitude (1681-1685).—Avarice, a Cause of Sins Against Prudence (1686).—The Commandments of Prudence (1687).
Art. 2. THE VIRTUE OF JUSTICE
Introduction (1688).—The Nature of Justice (1689-1700).—Division (1701-1708).—The Object of Justice (1709-1713).—Comparison of Justice and Other Virtues (1714-1718).—Injustice (1719-1726).—Judgment (1727-1744).
Art. 3. THE SUBJECTIVE PARTS OF JUSTICE: DISTRIBUTIVE AND COMMUTATIVE JUSTICE
Subjective Parts of a Virtue (1745).—Distributive and Commutative Justice Compared (1746, 1747).—The Objects of Commutative Justice (1748-1750).—Restitution (1751-1761).-The Roots of Restitution (1762-1777).—Restitution for Cooperation in Injustice (1778-1785).— The Circumstances of Restitution (1786-1796).—Causes Excusing from Restitution (1797-1801).—Some Special Cases of Restitution (1802, 1803).
Art. 4. THE VICES OPPOSED TO COMMUTATIVE AND DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
The Vice against Distributive Justice (1804-1814).-The Vices against Commutative Justice (1815).—Homicide (1816-1851).-Suicide (1852-1861).—Accidental Homicide (1862-1865).—Bodily Injury (1866-1871).—Titles to Property (1872-1876).—Contracts (1877-1889).—Theft and Robbery (1890-1919).—Lawful Occupation (1920-1926).—Occult Compensation (1927-1938).-Judicial Injustice (1939).—In Judges (1940-1963).—In Accusers (1964-1974).—In Defendants (1975-1983).—In Witnesses (1984-1994).—In Lawyers (1995-2008).—Unjust Words (2009).—Contumely (2010-2027).—Defamation (2028-2075).-Cooperation in Defamation (2076-2084).—Restitution for Defamation (2085-2102).—Whispering (2103-2105).—Derision (2106-2110).—Cursing (2111-2119).—Murmuring (2120).—Fraud in Contracts (2121, 2122).—In Sales (2123-2133).—Trading (2134, 2135).—Usury (2136).—Other Frauds (2137, 2138).
Art. 5. THE QUASI-INTEGRAL AND POTENTIAL PARTS OF JUSTICE; THE VIRTUE OF RELIGION AND THE OPPOSITE VICES
The Quasi-Integral Parts of Justice (2139, 2140).—The Potential Parts of Justice (2141-2144).—The Virtue of Religion (2145-2148).—The Internal Acts of Religion (2149).—Devotion (2150-2152).—Prayer (2153-2169).—Distractions (2170-2174).—The External Acts of Religion (2175).—Adoration (2176, 2177).—Sacrifice (2178-2182).—Offerings (2183, 2184).—Contributions (2185-2190).—Vows (2191-2225).—Cessation of Vows (2226-2243).—Other External Acts of Religion (2244).—Oaths (2245-2262).—Adjuration (2263-2268).—Divine Praises (2269-2272).—The Sins against Religion (2273).—Superstition (2274-2276).—Idolatry (2277-2281).—Divination (2282-2289).—Vain Observance (2290-2298).— Irreligiousness (2299).—Temptation of God (2300-2307).—Sacrilege (2308-2316).—Simony (2317-2334).—Sinfulness of Simony (2335-2343).
Art. 6. THE REMAINING POTENTIAL PARTS OF JUSTICE; THE GIFT OF PIETY; THE COMMANDMENTS
Piety (2344-2350).—Reverence (2351-2354).—Obedience (2355-2372).— Gratitude (2373-2380).—Vengeance (2381-2384).—Truthfulness (2385-2388).—Lying (2389-2397).—Mental Reservation (2398-2402).— Simulation (2403, 2404).—Hypocrisy (2405).—Braggadocio and Irony (2406).—Breach of Promise (2407).—Violation of Secret (2408-2420).— Affability (2421-2423).—Liberality (2424-2429).—Equity (2430-2432).— The Gift of Piety (2433).—The Commandments of Justice (2434-2436).
Art. 7. THE VIRTUE OF FORTITUDE
Nature (2437-2441).—Martyrdom (2442-2445).—The Opposite Vices (2446).—The Parts of Fortitude (2447).—Greatness of Soul (2448, 2449).—Presumption, Ambition and Vanity (2450).—Pusillanimity (2451).—Greatness of Deed, Meanness and Vulgarity (2452).—Patience (2453, 2454).—Stolidity and Impatience (2455).—Steadfastness, Effeminacy and Pertinacity (2456).—The Complements of Fortitude (2457).—The Commandments of Fortitude (2458-2460).
Art. 8. THE VIRTUE OF TEMPERANCE
Nature (2461-2463).—The Opposite Vices (2464).—The Parts of Temperance (2465).—Abstemiousness (2466, 2467).—Fasting and Abstinence (2468, 2469).—The Sins Opposed to Abstemiousness (2470).—Gluttony (2471-2473).—Sobriety (2474, 2475).—The Sins against Sobriety (2476).—Drunkenness (2477-2485).—Purity (2486, 2487).—Virginity (2488-2491).—Impurity (2492-2496).—Temptations to Impurity (2497-2503).—Non-Consummated Sins of Impurity (2504).—Impure Thoughts (2505, 2506).—Impure Rejoicing (2507).—Impure Desire (2508, 2509).—Lewdness (2510-2514).—Sinfulness of Lewdness (2515-2518).— Moral Species of Lewdness (2519).—The Consummated Sins of Impurity (2520-2522).—Fornication (2523-2528).—Defloration and Rape (2529).—Adultery (2530).—Incest (2531, 2532).—Carnal Sacrilege (2533).—Sins against Nature (2534).—Pollution (2535-2538).—The Sinfulness of Pollution (2539-2541).—Penalties (2542).—The Potential Parts of Temperance (2543).—Continence (2544).—Meekness (2545).— Anger (2546-2549).—Sinful Indulgence (2550).—Clemency (2551, 2552).—Humility (2553-2556).—Pride (2557-2560).—Abjectness (2561).—Studiousness (2562).—Curiosity and Negligence (2563, 2564).—Modesty (2565).—Decorum (2566).—Modest Relaxation (2567, 2568).—Modesty in Style and Dress (2569, 2570).—Complements of Temperance (2571).—Commandments of Temperance (2572).
Question III
THE DUTIES OF PARTICULAR CLASSES OF MEN
INTRODUCTION (2573)
Art. 1. THE DUTIES OF MEMBERS OF THE CHURCH
General Duties of the Faithful (2574).—First Precept of the Church: Sanctification of the Lord’s Day (2575).—Hearing Mass (2576-2578).— Servile Works (2579-2582).—Gravity of the First Precept (2583).— Excuses (2584, 2585).—Second Precept: Abstinence (2586, 2587).— Fasting (2588, 2589).—Third Precept: Yearly Confession (2590, 2591).—Fourth Precept: Easter Duty (2592, 2593).—Fifth and Sixth Precepts (2594).—Laws on the Index and Cremation (2595).—The Special Duties of Clerics (2596).—Vocation (2597, 2598).—Positive Duties of Clerics (2599).—The Divine Office (2600, 2601).—Celibacy (2602).— Negative Duties of Clerics (2603).—Trading (2604).—Stocks and Bonds (2605).—Duties of Clerical Superiors (2606).—Duties of Pastors (2607).—Charity to the Poor (2608-2610).—Special Duties of Religious (2611).—The Vows (2612).
Art. 2. DUTIES OF MEMBERS OF DOMESTIC AND CIVIL SOCIETY
Husband and Wife (2613).—The conjugal Debt (2614-2617).—Morality in Marriage (2618, 2619).—Contraception and Onanism (2620).— Birth-Control (2621, 2622).—Cooperation with Contraception (2623).— Recapitulation (2624).—Regulae pro Confessariis (2625).—The Duty of Conjugal Companionship and Assistance (2626).—The Obligation of Marrying (2627).—The Duties of Engaged Persons (2628, 2629).—The Duties of Parents (2630, 2631).—Sex Education (2632).—The Duties of Children (2633).—The Duties of Other Relatives (2634).—The Duties of Superiors (2635).—The Duties of Subjects (2636).—Taxes (2637-2642).— Voting (2643-2645).—The Duties of Employers (2646, 2647).—The Duties of Employees (2648).—Labor Disputes (2649).—Employment (2650).—The Duties of Certain Professions (2651).
Question IV
THE DUTIES OF MEN IN THE USE OF THE SACRAMENTS
INTRODUCTION (2652, 2653)
Art. 1. THE SACRAMENTS IN GENERAL: THE SACRAMENTALS
Nature of a Sacrament (2654).—Matter and Form (2655-2660).—Necessity of the Sacraments (2661-2663).—The Minister of the Sacraments (2664).—Requisites for Valid Ministration (2665-2668).—For Lawful Ministration (2669, 2670).—The Recipient of the Sacraments; Requisites for Valid Reception (2671-2674).—Requirements for Lawful Reception (2675).—Obligations of the Minister in Reference to the Recipient (2676-2682).—Obligations of the Recipient in Reference to the Minister (2683).—The Sacramentals (2684).
Art. 2. BAPTISM; CONFIRMATION; THE EUCHARIST; THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS
Introduction (2685).—The Sacrament of Baptism (2686).—Solemn and Private Baptism (2687).—Duties of Pastors (2685).—Duties of Parents and Guardians (2689).—Duties of Sponsors (2690, 2691).—Duties of Adult Recipients (2692).—Duties of the Minister (2693).—The Sacrament of Confirmation (2694).—The Minister (2695).—The Recipient (2696).— The Sponsors (2697).—The Pastor (2698).—The Sacrament of the Eucharist (2699).—Matter and Form of the Eucharist (2700).—The Minister of Consecration (2701, 2702).—The Minister of Communion (2703).—The Communicant (2704).—Worthy Communion (2705).—Frequent Communion (2706).—Duties of Parents, Pastors, Confessors (2707).—The Custody and Worship of the Eucharist (2708).—The Sacrifice of the Mass; the Celebrant (2709).—The Obligation of Saying Mass (2710).— Dispositions for Celebration of Mass (2711).—The Circumstances of Mass (2712).—Interruption of Mass (2713).—Application of Mass (2714, 2715).—Stipends (2716).
Art. 3. REPENTANCE; PENANCE; EXTREME UNCTION
Introduction (2717).—The Virtue of Repentance (2718-2726).—The Sacrament of Penance (2727, 2728).—Contrition (2729-2735).—Resolution of Amendment (2736).—Confession (2737-2744).—Satisfaction (2745-2749).—The Minister (2750).—Jurisdiction (2751, 2752).— Reserved Cases (2753, 2754).—Absolution without Jurisdiction (2755).— Duties of the Confessor before Confession (2756).—Duties of the Confessor as Judge (2757-2761).—Duties of the Confessor as Physician (2762).—Duties of the Confessor as Teacher and Guide (2763).—Duties of the Confessor after Confession (2764).—Reparation of Defects (2765, 2766).—The Seal of Confession (2767, 2768).—Abuses of Confession (2769-2773).—The Sacrament of Extreme Unction (2774).—Duties of the Recipient and the Minister of Extreme Unction (2775).
Art. 4. HOLY ORDERS; MATRIMONY
Introduction (2776).—The Sacrament of Orders (2777).—Distinctions of Orders (2778).—The Hierarchy (2779).—The Matter and Form of Orders (2780).—The Minister of Ordination (2781, 2782).—The Recipient of Orders (2783-2785).—Registration of Ordinations (2786).—The Sacrament of Matrimony (2787, 2788).—The Elements of Matrimony as a Contract (2789-2793).—The Elements of the Sacrament (2794).—Duties in Reference to Marriage (2795).—Engagement (2796-2798).—Duties to Parents and to Children (2799, 2800).—Pre-Nuptial Investigations (2801).—Examination of the Parties by the Pastor (2802, 2803).— Matrimonial Impediments (2804, 2805).—Impedient Impediments (2806-2809).—Diriment Impediments (2810-2819).—Dispensations and Banns (2820).—After the Examination (2821).—Instruction of the Couple (2822-2824).—Religious Preparation for Marriage (2825).—The Celebration of Marriage (2826-2829).—Validation (2830).—Divorce and Separation (2831).
APPENDICES [placed at end of Volume I in print edition]
I. SUMMARY OF COMMON LAW ON PROHIBITION OF BOOKS
II. THE “ECUMENICAL MOVEMENT”
INDEX TO VOLUMES I AND II