Agalena, house-spider,7.Alypia, grape-vine-moth,160.Andromeda (A. ligustrina),singular greeting to the bee,126;interior arrangement of flower,128;release of the pollen,129.Angræcum, orchid of Madagascar, with nectary eleven inches long,219.Ants,herding the aphides,166;a model honey-farm,167."Ant-holes,"61.Aphides, plant-lice,founders of the feast,165;herded by ants,167.Apocynum, dogbane,236.Aprophora, spume-bearer,82.Arethusa bulbosa, orchid,175.Argiope, field spider,8.Aristolochias,119.Aristotle,23.Arum, wild:—Position of the anthers,141;progressive stages of change,142.Asclepias cornuta, milkweed,227.Asilus, "robber-fly",8.Axell, a follower of Darwin,116.Bees:—The drone of,5;a counterpart of clover; dependence of clover on,117;manner of approach,121;black-and-white banded,126;approach to the blue-flag,131;experiment with the bumblebee,209;his escape from the flower,210;manner of cross-fertilizing,212;manner of conveying the pollen,218;his difficulties with the milkweed flower,233;the cumbersome handicap,234;destroyed by the milkweed,235.Beetles (Cicindela), tiger,68.Birds:—Swifts,5;robin,5;vireo,5,45;indigo,5;chat,5,40;oriole,5,32;red-headed chippy; barn-swallow,6,28,39,40;cuckoo,23;"kow-bird"; cow black-bird; bunting,27;song-sparrow,30,40;Maryland yellow-throat,28,45;Wilson's thrush; chewink,32;fly-catcher; bluebird; oven-bird; cat-bird; ph[oe]be,40;bobolink; "reed-bird,"53;humming,227.Birds' nests:—Flimsy structure of the cuckoo's,26;song-sparrow's,30;oriole's swinging hammock; cobweb structure of the vireo's,32;size of yellow-bird's; summer yellow-bird's beautiful home,47;a four-story house, a possible fashion in featherdom,51;pipit's,35;wood-sparrow's,37.Bittersweet (Celastrus scandens), queer little harlequins on,9;its scarlet-coated seeds,88.Blackburn, Mrs., quoted,35.Blair, Patrick, his claims concerning pollen,111.Blossom ceremonies,119.Blue-flag,its hidden anthers reached only by the bumblebee or large fly,129;manner of the bee's approach,131.Burroughs on wren-building,17.Butterflies:—Great yellow swallow-tail (Papilio turnus); red admiral (Pyrameis Atlanta); small yellow (Philodice); semicolon (Grapta interrogationis); comma (Vanessa comma),153;orange; white (Aphrodite),154;white cabbage (Pontia oleracea)153.Cactus, prickly-pear, its golden bower,118.Collinsonia, horse-balm,136.Caterpillars,10,14,15,62.Celastrus scandens, bittersweet,88.Chamælirium luteum, devil's-bit,133.Chipmonk,6.Cicada,victim of the sand-hornet,77;manner of depositing its eggs; period of transformation,97;time of hatching,100.Cicindela, tiger-beetle,68.Clover, cause of failure of crop in Australia,117.Cobwebs:—A dusty prize; a two year's span,7;a mixed assortment in,8.Cone-flower (Rudbeckia hirta),138;embryo seeds; arrangement of the anthers,139.Cow black-bird,27;his favorite perch; old dame's theory,28;an unwelcome intruder,30;a prowling foe,31.Cow-bird:—Ravenous young parasite,31;a clamoring lubber,37;"Black Douglas" of the bird-home,38;selected victims,39;distribution of its eggs; vicious habits,40;egg-laying intervals; demoralizing conditions; American species an improvement,41;survival of the fittest,42;balance of power,44;outwitted,51;massing for migration,52."Cow-spit,"80.Cross-fertilization,115,122,178,189,194."Cuckoo-spit,"80.Cuckoos:—Poetic misnomer,23;outrage on maternal affection; yellow-billed; black-billed; imagination versus facts,25;bad workmanship of nest,26;its stammering cry,27;manner of depositing its eggs; handling the egg with her bill,33;short period of incubation; voracious appetite of the young; aggressive selfishness,34;the tragedy of the nest,35;manner of disposing of its nest-mates,36.Cypripedium acaule, moccasin-flower; ladies'-slipper; Venus's-slipper,205.Darwin:—Process of anatomical evolution,35;theory of cross-fertilization,105;inspired insight,115;his disciples,116;experiments with pollen,126;weakness of self-fertilizing flowers,144;triumphant revelation,171;reaffirming Sprengel's theory,178;a chosen interpreter,181;dependence on insects,183;revealing the hidden treasure,185;foretelling the manner of cross-fertilization,189;description of the cross-fertilization,209;bees as implied fertilizers,212;truth of his belief,220.Darning-needle, dragon-fly (Libellulidæ),156;his dainty morsel,160.Delpino, a follower of Darwin,116.Desmodium, its hospitable welcome,118.Devil's-bit (Chamælirium luteum),133.Digger wasp,its color and wire-like waist,72;manner of working,74;covering its tracks; opening the tomb,76;living food for the young grub,77;its remarkable carrying power,78.Dogbane (Apocynum),its fragrant, bell-shaped flowers,236;trapping moths,237.Dogwood,5.Door-Step Neighbors:—Chronicle of a day,58;disappearing holes,59,16;"ant-holes"; a danger signal; an unhealthy court,61;a transformation,62;an experiment; method of excavation,63;a stalwart worker,64;an uncouth nondescript; spider-like legs,66;crawls on his back,67;a tiny black wasp; a spider-catcher,69;resting on her wings; inspecting her burrow,70;manner of burying her prey; skilful workmanship,71;a new-comer; her wire-like waist; digging her tunnel,72;manner of working; sound of labor,74;covering her tracks; opening the tomb,76;fresh living food,77;carrying seven times its weight; peculiar features of stone-piling,78;color of the wasp,79;the spume-bearer,81;nomadic blossoms; a sack bearer,83;winter quarters,84.Epeira, field spider,8.Epiphytes, air-plants,181.Evening primrose, its golden necklace,118."Fertilization of Flowers,"116;wrong theory,114.Fertilization of orchids,105,183.Flies:—Robber,8;bluebottle,8;harvest ichneumon,45,77,96.Foxes, wild gambols of,6.Froghopper. See Spume-bearer (Aprophora),82.Gärtner, recognizing the theory of cross-fertilization,115.Genesta, its reception of insects,118.Geranium, wild (G. sylvaticum),112.Gilbert, concerning cuckoo's eggs,25."Gobs,"80.Gray, Asa:—Demonstration concerning orchids,184;surmise concerning the withdrawal of pollen,188;orchid structure,190.Grew, Nehemias, discovery concerning pollen,110;discoveries about pollen,113;first step in progress,116.Habenaria flava:—Yellow-spiked,203;H. lacera, ragged,200;H. orbicularis, showy,194,199;H. psycodes, purple-fringed,200;H. mascula,189.Heath, its distinguishing characteristics,123.Hemiptera, bugs with sucking beaks,81.Herbert:—A follower of Sprengel,108;recognizing the principle of cross-fertilization,115."Honey-dew Picnic":—Gathering of the clans,153;a selected spot,154;a motley assemblage,155;an outlaw,157;a finish fight,158;funeral baked meats,164;gathering his grist;the founder of the feast,158.Honey-guides,112,129.Hornets:—Its heavy load,9;on the watch,15;"solitary,"17;queer home of,18;great sand,77;black paper,161.Horse-balm (Collinsonia), its singular shape,136;manner of bee's approach to,138.Huber:—On insect slavery,151;on the cultivation of the aphides,166.Insect Fertilization,115.Jack-in-the-Pulpit, detaining its guests,119.Jardine, Sir William, concerning cuckoo's eggs,32.Jenner, Dr., habits of the young cuckoo,35.Knight, Andrew:—On the divination of flowers,108;theory of cross-fertilization,115.Köhlreuter:—Recognizing Sprengel's principles,108;a botanical pioneer,115.Krunitz, on flower honey,111.Labiates, flowers with lips,122.Ladies'-tresses (Spiranthes),218.Larva:—Hornet,16;"puss-moth,"76;psychid,83.Linnæus:—Settling the theory of fertilization,110;puzzled as to the function of honey,111;a second step,116;imperfect knowledge of the orchid,173.Logan, concerning the cuckoo,23.Lubbock:—On the divination of flowers,108;follower of Darwin,116;on the cultivation of aphides,166.Martial Spirit of Vespa,19.Membracis binotata, insect with a sharp beak, a tree-hopper,91.Milkweed:—Its matchless hospitality;purple pompons;its five horns,227;its one mission;the humming-bird its friend,228;complex mechanism;enticing fragrance;removal of pollen on insects' legs,229;four captives,230;its honey trap;its tenacious grip,233;an assortment of victims;cumbersome handicap,234;a wholesale destroyer,235.Mint family,122.Mnio-tiltidæ, summer yellow-bird,47.Moccasin-flower (Cypripedium acaule),205.Moths:—Twilight;sphinx,118,190,220;grape-vine,160.Mountain laurel:—Showers of pollen of;curious construction of flower of;withers if brought indoors,124;character of the pollen,125.Mouse, motley collection of food of;mischief of,7.Müller, Hermann:—On the divination of flowers,108;on defective observation,114;the relations between the flower and insect,116;on fertilization,142Nature's Equilibrium,39.Natural observation,57.Nomadic blossoms,83.Orchids:—Dependence on insects,144;strange mechanical adaptation;sweet-pogonia;perfume suggesting raspberries,145;intention of the blossom,146;adaptation for insects,147;its fragrance a perfumed whisper of welcome,148;a contrast,172;form of invitation,173;insect complement,174;Arethusa bulbosa,175;theories concerning the conveyance of the pollen,176;the most highly specialized form of flowers,180;distinguished by its structure;American varieties not air-plants;form of flower,181;elasticity of the pollen of theSpectabilis,182;self-fertilizing,183;American and exotic species,184;Arethusa's fragrance,185;its structure,186;significant depth of nectar wells;conditions demanded of insects,187;Gray's surmise,188;sphinx-moth its only complement,190;manner of carrying the pollen by sphinx-moth,193;extracting the pollen with a pencil;length of the nectary,196;purple-fringed,198;ragged,200;very exceptional provision,201;yellow-spiked,203;moccasin-flower;ladies'-slipper;Venus's-slipper;the color of,205;distinctive character of,206;practical experiment,209;imprisonment of the bee;manner of its release,210;rattlesnake-plantain,213;Angræcum, its long nectary,219;tongue of a sphinx-moth eleven inches long,220;nectary thirteen inches long,223."Origin of Species":—First important presentation of the theory of cross-fertilization,105;tardy appreciation of the work,115.Odynerus flavipes, wren-wasp,10.Ovid, concerning hornets,18.Parallels in Nature,152.Platanthera, orchid group,192.Pliny,23.Pogonia ophioglossoides, sweet-pogonia,145.Polistes, brown wasp,161.Primrose, evening,118.Psychid:—A sack-bearer; drags its house with it; feeds on seed-pods,83;winter quarters of silk,84.Queer Little Family:—Tree-hopper (Membracis binotata); a singular entertainment; graceful curves,87;a branch in masquerade; queer thorns,88;a sudden disappearance; animated thorns; like a covey of quails,89;like "Bob White,"90;singular agility; queer anatomy; always ready for flight,91;fondness for locust and oak-trees, simulating the color and character of the branches,92;manner of sitting on the branches,93;always headed towards the top; tiny tufts of cotton,94;color and size of the tufts; a mere frothy shell; a riddle,95;its relations,96;an investigation,97;its technique,98;aërated cement; froth-house builder,99;period of hatching,100;a house for the winter; not a wanderer,101.Ragged Orchid (H. lacera),200."Rattlesnake-plantain,"213.Rudbeckia hirta, cone-flower,138.Sage (Salvia officinalis), strange curved stamen,119;nature's arrangement,112.Salvia, its welcome to the bee,117.Self-fertilization,141.Sheep-spit,80.Showy orchid (H. orbicularis),194.Snorting war-horse,18.Solitude, the pleasures of,3."Solomon's ant,"152.Spectabilis, orchid,182;its favorite haunt,195.Spiders,agalena,epeira,argiope,8;a two years' span,7;a silken vortex;miscellaneous food,8.Spiranthes, "Lady's-tresses,"218.Sprengel, Christian Conrad:—Inspiration from the wild geranium,108;on the mystery of color,112;theory of fertilization;a poser to Linnæus,113;his wrong theory,114;divining half the truth,176;assumption disproved,178.Spume-bearer (Aprophora), its domicile of suds;wonderful power of jumping,82.Starling, dispossessing woodpecker from nest,43.Studio Company:—"Tumultuous privacy"; contested territory; snickering squirrels,4;selected food; unsymmetrical carpentry; drone of bees; carol of birds; flurry of swifts; accompaniments to my toil,5;wild fox; pet chipmonk; pet toad; his lightning tongue; home in a bowl,6;an old friend,9.Summer yellow-bird (Mnio-tiltidæ),47.Sweet-pogonia (P. ophioglossoides),145.Swift, Jonathan, on parasites,44.Tennyson, quoted,24."The Secrets of Nature in Forms and Fertilization of Flowers Discovered," Sprengel's work,113.Thévenot, concerning the thrift of insects,152.Tiger-beetle (Cicindela),68.Toads,6.Toad-spit,80.Tree-hopper,93.Venus's-slipper (Cypripedium acaule),205.Vireo, abandons its nest,45.Wasps:—Wren,10;microscopic,45;tiny black,69;digger,72,162;orange-spotted,79;brown; mud,161."Waxwork" bittersweet (Celastrus scandens),88.Welcome of the flowers:—The function of the stamen,106;difference in cells,107;condition of the flower,108;physiological features; recognition of sex in flowers,109;exchange of courtesies; each flower a law unto itself,117;action of "jack-in-the-pulpit"; cypripedium and aristolochias; peculiarity of the sage,119;queer stamens; nature's arrangement,121;cross-fertilization insured,122;showers of laurel pollen; curious construction of flower,124;singular greeting to the bee,126;remarkable interior arrangement of the Andromeda,128;hidden anthers of the blue-flag,129;intercommunication and reciprocity,135.Wild geranium (G. sylvaticum),112.Wild volapük,4.Wilson, cow-bird's eggs,33.Wind as a fertilizing agent,154.White, Gilbert, cuckoo's eggs,32;rich localities,58.Wood, Alphonso:—On tubercles,203;on embarrassed bees,235.Woodchucks,5.Wren-wasp (Odynerus flavipes):—A cumbersome prize,10;selecting a home; way stations; a second instalment,11;very familiar,12;a well-stocked home,13;impotent anæsthetic,14;manner of catching her prey; a hypodermic injection,15;food on storage; closing the cell after depositing egg,16;living food; preference for ready-made houses; resemblance to the yellow-jacket,17.Zenarchus, concerning the cicada,96.