PICTURE-WRITING. Cuneiform and,66.SeeWritingPIR-Æ'US. Port of Athens,328PIS'CES, SIGN OF. Eabani and,183PLACE, VICTOR. Botta's work at Khorsabad, continued by,340PLANET-S. Identified with gods,235PLUTARCH. Isis (Astarte) and,328PLU'TO. Reference to,133POETRY. Assyrian,321,322POLGARTH. Phœnician word 'city' and,331POL-Y-HIS'TOR, ALEXANDER. God Ea and,112,113POLYTHEISM. Semitic,313Pop'ol Vuh. Reference to,97,151POS-EI'DON. Greek god,315PRAYER-S. To the sun-god, etc.,67,68PRIEST-S. Akkadian tongue preserved by Babylonian,14;those of Lagash became kings,16;high, of Asshur, took title of king,21,208;sole mythographers,191;-hood, cult and temples,239-241;wizards and,260;-magician; the chamber of the,270-275;liver-reading by,282;of Thebes, Memphis, and On,314;of Nippur and Erech,314PRIESTESSES. In Babylonia,240,241PRIEST-HOOD.SeePriestsPRISONER-GODS. Assyrian rulers and,225,226PRO-ME'THE-US. Lugalbanda and,93;Zu and,195PSALMS, BOOK OF THE. National, not individual,320;Poetical form of,322PU'NIC. Religion,330PURIFICATION,270;by water, in connexion with Babylonian magic,270PÛRIM. Feast of,140,141QQAL'AT SHER'QAT. Annals of Tiglath-pileser I discovered by Rawlinson,346;Dr Andrae's excavations at,356RRA. Worship of, in Egypt,223RAB'BAT UM'MA. 'The Great Mother,'330RAB-I'SU. A lurking demon,276,277RACES. Asia Minor peopled with diverse,324RACHEL. The stolen images and,266-268RACH'MET. Reference to,61RAM'MAN,175; equivalent, Rimmon;identified with Hadad or Adad,187-189;the Tablets of Destiny and,195;popularity and functions,217-222;weapons of,218;worship of, in days of Khammurabi and Nebuchadrezzar I,219;Assur-nazir-pal and,219;Attributes and signification,218-222;eleventh month sacred to,237RAM'MAN-NIR-A'RI I. TheAnnunakiandIgigiand,90RAM'MAN-NI-RA'RI III. Nabu exalted at expense of Asshur by,228RASH'NU. Mithra and,337RASS'AM, MR HOR'MUZD. Assur-bani-pal's library at Nineveh and,35;his archæological researches at Nineveh and at Abu-habba,47;stone tablet found at Sippard by,292;researches at Nimrûd,342,344.346,354.355RAWLINSON, MAJOR (SIR) HENRY. Cuneiform writing and,64-66;his discoveryreNebuchadrezzar,104;Layard and,342,344,345,346RED INDIANS. Titles of months and,236REINACH. Reference to,334RELIGION-S. Akkadian tongue used as a sacred language by Babylonian priesthood,14;early Babylonian,88-153;Jewish,88;of ancient Mexico,88;Vedic, of India,88;Semitic influence on Babylonian,91,92;official system of Babylonian and Assyrian,92;Semitic, Euphrates-Tigris influence on,92;totemism in Babylonian,92;system of, in Babylonia, overshadowed by Merodach,199;Jastrow'sReligion in Babylonia and Assyriaquoted,199,212;star-worship, the origin of,237;of the Semitesquoted,91,241,332;cult of the gods,292;comparative value of the, of Babylonia and Assyria,313-336and on;Teutonic and Celtic, comparisons,316;Babylonian, typically animistic,317,318;worship of great earth-mother,318,319;Jewish,319-329;Canaanite,324-326;Carthaginian,329;Semitic,329,331;Punic,330;Mohammedanism,313,332;of the Persians (Zoroaster),332-337;of Babylonians,338;decay of Babylonian,378,379RESH'EPH. Known to the Canaanites,326;the lightning god; origin; identified with Apollo,328RHO-DA'NES. Romance of Sinonis and,56-60RIM'AT-BEL'IT. Mother of Gilgamesh,158;interprets Gilgamesh's dream,164RIM'MON.SeeRammonRITUAL. Lamentation at Nippur,199,200;of hepatoscopy,283-288;Zoroastrian fire worship central feature of,335SSABBATIC GOAT. Witchcraft of Middle Ages and the,293SAB-I'TU. The sea-goddess; Gilgamesh and,172;sign Capricornus and,183SAC'A. One of the two eunuchs appointed to watch Rhodanes and Sinonis,57SAC-Æ'A. The Asiatic equivalent of the Saturnalia,33;Festival of Zakmuk, or,141SACRIFICE-S. Babylonian,241,242SADI-RAB'U-MA-TA'TI. The great mountain of the earth,305SAG'GAL. Temple of Merodach,305SAK'ON. Carthaginian deity,330SAM-AS-SUM-YU'KIN. Viceroy of Babylonia,34;raises revolt in Assyrian empire,34;his death,34SAM'KHAT. Goddess of joy,131SAM-MUR'A-MUT. Assyrian title of Semiramis.SeeSemiramisSAM'SI-A'DAD IV. Rawlinson discovers stele of,346SAM'SI-RAM'MON. Son of Shalmaneser II;succeeds his father as King of Assyria,24;Sammuramat favourite of,24;Asshur mentioned in inscription of,208SANCH-UN-I-A'THON. Philo and, preserved in works of Eusebius,329SAOSHYANT. The saviour, in Zoroaster's religion,337SAR-AG-AG'AM. Variants of Merodach,202SAR-A'KOS. Greek equivalent for Sin-sarkin,36SAR-DA-NA-PAL'US THE SPLENDID. Assur-bani-pal known to Greek legend as,31;King of Assyria,31;reference to, inThe Golden Bough,32;Sir James Frazer on,32,34;prominent features in legends of,33;weaving of legend of,34SAR'GON.I. Of Akkad, founds first great Semitic empire in Babylonia,16;a Babylonian Arthur,16,21;the legend of his birth,16,17;invasions of Syria and Palestine,17;Elam and N. Mesopotamia overcome by,17;Naram-Sin son of,17,19;letters franked by clay seals bearing name of Sargon,18;first founder of Babylonian library,18;bricks discovered with name of, on,47;Asshur's conquering power and,210,211;King Azuri and,210;Ahimiti and,210;Yaran and,210;Sin and,223;Bel and,227;Nabu termed 'that Seer who guides the gods,'228;'Builder of the Temple of En-lil,'247;hepatoscopy and,283;palace built by, unearthed at Nineveh,340;George Smith finds fragments of history of,352.II. Usurping general, claimed descent from Sargon the Great,30;father of Sennacherib,30SAR'RA-PAN-U. Tiglath-pileser II captures,299SASS-AN'I-AN. Rulers,333SAT'URN. Identified with Ninib,235SAUL-MU-GI'NA. Rebellious brother of Assur-bani-pal,304SCHRADER. Assyrian poetry and,321,322SCIENCE. Star-worship the origin of,237;the roots of,259SCILLY ISLANDS. Phœnicians in,331SCOR'PIO, SIGN OF. Gilgamesh and,182SCOTLAND. Goat-demon adored in,293SCULPTURE-S. Discovery of, glorifying Assur-nazir-pal,343;Babylonian, discovered by de Sarzec,355SCYTHIAN-S. Penetrate into Assyria,36SED'U. A guardian (sometimes an evil) spirit invoked with the Lamassu,277SEL-EU'CI-A. City, built out of ruins of Babylon,42SEM-IR'A-MIS THE GREAT. Assyrian Queen,24-29;legendary origin,25;wife of Onnes, and later of Ninus,26;Ninyas son of,26;engages in battle Strabrobates, King of India,27;fame of,28,29;Sammuramat, her Assyrian title,29;wife of Samsi-Rammon,29;mythical connexion with Ishtar,29;worshipped by the Syrians,27;esteemed as the daughter of Dercatus,27;district round Lake Van called after, Shamiramagerd,28SEMITES. Germs of culture received from Akkadians by Babylonian,13;their love of wisdom,14,15;Babylon entered by,15,16;believed to have come from Arabia,15,16;made by the code of Khammurabi,21;ancient, and gods,89;serpent loathed by,289;animistic influences; appeal of, to,318SEMITIC. Empire, first great, founded in Babylonia by Sargon of Akkad,16;religious thought,235;worship and, lamentations,253;polytheism,313;conservatism,316;cults; Babylonian influence upon,324;religion,329,331;peoples; a 'peculiar people,'332;faith, includes various manifestations,332SEN-NACH'E-RIB. Son of usurping general Sargon,30;campaign of, against Hezekiah,30;Nineveh built by,30;Esar-haddon son of,31;takes nucleus of Assur-bani-pal's library from Calah,154;soothsayers and his death,260;Layard's discoveries in palace of,345SERPENT. The ancients and the,289;equivalent, Aibu ('the enemy'),289SET. Osiris and, reference to,133SET-A'PO. A wealthy Babylonian who harbours Sinonis,59'SEVEN SPHERES, THE STAGES OF.'A building, the wonder of Borsippa,104SEVEN TABLETS. Of creation; primary object of,71SHAD'RACH. One of Daniel's companions,38SHAL-MA-NE'SER I. King of Assyria,22,308;Tukulti-in-Aristi, son of,22;Nusku and,224;inscription of, unearthed by George Smith,351SHAL-MA-NE'SER II. King of Assyria in succession to Assur-nazir-pal III,24;Overthrows Ahab, King of Israel,24;Samsi-Rammon son of,24;the god Dáda and,189;Merodach (Bel) and,225,227;discovery of obelisk of,343;dedications of, unearthed,351SHAL-MA-NE'SER IV. Successor of Tiglath-pileser III,30SHAM'ASH.1. Temple of, at Sippar, restored by Nabonidus,41;adored at Sippar,94;the sun-god,109-111;son of Sin,109;Aa, consort of,110;Ishtar and,130;Gilgamesh and,156,165;Khammurabi and,187;Zu captured by,195;Merodach and,200;cult of, in Assyria,222,223;seventh month sacred to,236;a Canaanitish god,325;Nabonidus and,377.2. The great idol of,249SHAR'RU-ILU. One of the lesser Babylonian gods,229SHATT-EN-NÎL. Excavations along bank of, by Haynes,365SHE'BA, QUEEN OF. Tiglath-pileser II quarrels with,301SHEPHERD. The sun the, of the stars,236;En-lil, of the dark-headed people,254SHEPHERD KING, THE. Daon, of Pantibiblon,112SHI'NAR, PLAIN OF. Babylon built on,52SHUL-GUR. Variant of Nin-Girsu,144SHU-RIPP'AK.1. Son of Ubara-Tutu,173.2. City of,177,178SHU'TU. Variant of South Wind,117SI'BI. The god,108SICILY. Worship of Ashtart (Ishtar) at,327SID'DA. The temple,306SI'DON. Tyre and, in touch with Assyria,327;Ashtart or Ishtar, temple of, in,327;Eshmun worshipped at,328SIGN-S. Gemini, Leo, Virgo, Taurus, Scorpio,182;Capricornus, Aquarius, Pisces,183SILENCE, TOWERS OF. Parsis' dead and the,336SIN(perhaps pron.Siñ). The moon-god,94,223,224;Ruled at Ur,94;Shamash son of,109;Ishtar daughter of,128;Gilgamesh delivered by,170;Gilgamesh resorts to,180;eclipses and god,256;a Canaanitish god,325SIN-A-IT'IC PENINSULA. Semitic religion in,331SI-NO'NIS. Romance of Garmus and,56-60SIN-SAR-IS'KIN. Last King of Assyria,36;the Sarakos of the Greeks,36SIN-SHAR-ISH'KUN. The last representative of the Assyrian dynasty,364SIP'PAR. Shamash worshipped at,109;Aa worshipped at,110;Abu-Habbah, the ancient site of,177;Berossus substitutes, for Shurippak,178;Khammurabi's improvements at,187;Shamash's temple at,249SIP'PA-RA. Temple of sun-god, Mr Rassam discovers,47,292SIS-U'THRUS. The Flood Myth and,45SI'WAN. Month sacred to Sin,236SMITH, GEORGE. Reference to archæological labours,46,155,347-354;discovery of,reBel,101;discovery of,reTiglath-pileser II,299;Babylonian and Assyrian poetry and,322SMYR'NA. Mother of Adonis, reference to,127SOUL. Supposed to reside in the liver,281SPAIN. Mohammedanism in,332SPEAKING HEAD, THE. Laban and,267SPIRIT-S. Assyrian,277,278SOKK-A'ROS. First king to reign in Babylonia after the deluge,157;Ælian the grandson of,157SOOTHSAYERS. Sennacherib and,260SOR-ACCH'US. Magistrate, who sends Sinonis to Babylon,58SORCERERS. Chaldean, and the magic circle,275,276SRA-O'SHA. Soul carried by, to the beyond,336,337STAR-S. Formed by Belus,115;Babylonian worship of,231-238;ideograph the same for 'god' and,234;the sun the shepherd of the,236;Anu the Pole,236;Bel the Pole (equator),236;Ea and star in constellation Argo,236;-gazers of Chaldea,258ST IL'YA. Tammuz compared with,127STONE. The Moabite,190;examined by Professors Socin and Smend,190STRA-BRO-BA'TES. King of India;Semiramis makes war on,26,27'SU-ME'RI-AN.'Modern equivalent for the old expression 'Akkadian,'15SUN. Merodach's ideograph is the,202;known as the 'Way of Anu,'234;the 'Bull of Light,'290SUN-GOD.SeeGods.SUPERSTITION-S. In Chaldea,280,281SU'SA. Monument of Naram-Sin unearthed by de Morgan at,17;copy of Khammurabi's code found at, by J. de Morgan,21SUS'I-AN. Language; alternative, Median,65SUS'IN-AY. Idol of,304SYRIA. Palestine and, invaded by Sargon,17;worship of Hadad in,188;the Canaanites first dwellers in,324SYSTEM-S. Official, of religion in Babylonia and Assyria,92;of religion in Babylonia,199;religious, of ancient Mexico, Guatemala, and Yucatan;reference to,204;Hellenic and Roman,235;religions—Judaism, Christianity, Mohammedanism,313;of religious races in Asia Minor,324;Zarathustra's moral,334T'TABLET HILL.'Haynes' discoveries at,360;the temple library in,363;King Nabonidos' (Nabonidus) vase found at,364TABLETS. Twelve, of the Gilgamesh epic,155,158,159;detailed examination of,161-180;