ginûnti—a song form forginû′tiĭ′, “to lay him (animate object) upon the ground.” Seenumber 75.giʻrĭ′—seegiʻlĭ′.Gisehûñ′yĭ—“Where the female lives,” fromagi′sĭ, female, andyĭ, the locative. A place on Tuckasegee river, a short distance above Bryson City, Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.gitlû′—hair (Upper dialect); in the Middle and Lower dialects,gitsû′.gitsû′—seegitlû′.Glass, The—seeTa′gwădihi′.Gohoma—A Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page31.Going-snake—seeI′nădûna′ĭ.Gorhaleke—a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page31.Great island—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwa.Gregory bald—seeTsistu′yĭ.Guachoule—seeGuaxule.Guaquili(Wakili)—a town in the Cherokee country, visited by De Soto in 1540, and again in 1567 by Pardo, who calls it Aguaquiri (see pages25and28). The name may have a connection withwagulĭ′, “whippoorwill,” or withu-)wâ′giʻlĭ, “foam.”Guasula—seeGuaxule.Guasili—seeGuaxule.Guaxule—a town in the Cherokee country, visited by De Soto in 1540; variously spelled in the narratives, Guasili, Guachoule, Guasula, Guaxule, Quaxule, etc. It was probably about at Nacoochee mound, in White county, Georgia. It has been suggested that the Spaniards may have changed the Indian name to resemble that of a town in Spain. See pages26and194.gû′daye′wû—“I have sewed myself together”; “I am sewing,”tsiye′wiă′; “I am sewing myself together,”gûdayewiû. Seenumber 31.gŭgwĕ′ (orgʻgwĕ′)—the quail or partridge; the name is an onomatope.gŭgwĕ′-ulasu′la—“partridge moccasin,” fromgŭgwĕ′orgʻgwĕ′, partridge, andulasula, moccasin or shoe; the ladyslipper (Cypripedium).Gûlâhi′yĭ (abbreviatedGûlâhi′, orGûrâhi′, in the Lower dialect)—“Gûlâ′hĭ place,” so called from an unidentified spring plant eaten as a salad by the Cherokee. The name of two or more places in the old Cherokee country; one about Currahee mountain in Habersham county, Georgia, the other on Cullowhee river, an upper branch of Tuckasegee, in Jackson county, North Carolina. Currahee Dick was a noted chief about the year 1820.Gû′lani′yĭ—a Cherokee and Natchez settlement formerly about the junction of Brasstown creek with Hiwassee river, a short distance above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The etymology of the word is doubtful.gulĕ′—acorn.gûlĕ′-diskaʻnihĭ′—the turtle-dove; literally, “it cries, or mourns, for acorns,” fromgulĕ′, acorn, anddiskaʻnihĭ′, “it cries for them” (di-, plural prefix,-hi, habitual suffix). The turtle-dove feeds upon acorns and its cry somewhat resembles the name,gulĕ′.gûle′gĭ—“climber,” fromtsilahĭ′, “I climb” (second person,hĭ′lahĭ′; third person,gûlahĭ′); the blacksnake (Bascanion constrictor).Gûlʻkăla′skĭ—An earlier name forTsunu′lăhûñ′skĭ, q. v.gûlʻkwâ′gĭ—seven; also the mole-cricket (Gryllotalpa). Seenumber 59.gûlʻkwâ′gine(-ĭ—seventh; fromgûlʻkwâgĭ, seven.Gûlsădihĭ′ (orGûltsădihĭ′?)—a masculine personal name, of uncertain etymology.Gumlog—seeTsilalu′hĭ.gûnăhi′ta—long.Gû′năhitûñ′yĭ—“Long place” (i.e., Long valley), fromgûnăhita, long, andyĭ, locative. A former settlement, known to the whites as Valleytown, where now is the town of the same name, on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The various settlements on Valley river and the adjacent part of Hiwassee were known collectively as the “Valley towns.”Gûn′-dĭ′gaduhûñ′yĭ (abbreviatedGûn′-dĭgadu′hûñ)—“Turkey settlement” (gû′nă, turkey), so called from the chief, Turkey or Little Turkey. A former settlement, known to the whites as Turkeytown, upon the west bank of Coosa river, opposite the present Center, in Cherokee county, Alabama.gû′nî′—arrow. Cf. Senecagaʼnaʼ.gûñ′năge′ĭ (orgûñ′năge)—black.Gûñnĕ′hĭ—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.Gûñskăli′skĭ—a masculine personal name of uncertain etymology.Gunters landing,Guntersville—seeKu′să-Nûñnâ′hĭ.Gûn-tsuskwa′ʻlĭ—“Short arrows,” fromgûnĭ′, arrow, andtsuskwa′ʻlĭ, plural ofuskwa′ʻlĭ, short; a traditional western tribe. Seenumber 105.Gûnûñ′daʻle′gĭ—seeNûñnâ′hĭ-dihĭ′.Gustĭ′—a traditional Cherokee settlement on Tennessee river, near Kingston, Roane county, Tennessee. Seenumber 79. The name cannot be analyzed. Wafford thought it a Cherokee attempt at “Kingston,” but it seems rather to be aboriginal.Gu′wisguwĭ′—The Cherokee name for the chief John Ross and for the district named in his honor, commonly spelled Cooweescoowee. Properly an onomatope for a large bird said to have been seen formerly at infrequent intervals in the old Cherokee country, accompanying the migratory wild geese, and described as resembling a large snipe, with yellow legs and unwebbed feet. In boyhood John Ross was known as Tsan′-usdi′, “Little John.”Gwalʻgâ′hĭ—“Frog place,” fromgwalʻgû, a variety of frog, andhĭ, locative. A place on Hiwassee river, just above the junction of Peachtree creek, near Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; about 1755 the site of a village of refugee Natchez, and later of a Baptist mission.gwehe′!—a cricket’s cry. Seenumber 119.ha!—an introductory exclamation intended to attract attention or add emphasis; about equivalent toHere! Now!ha′-ma′ma′—a song term compounded ofha!an introductory exclamation, andmămă′, a word which has no analysis, but is used in speaking to young children to mean “let me carry you on my back.” Seenumber 117.Hanging-maw—seeUskwâ′li-gû′tă.ha′nia-lĭl′-lĭl′—an unmeaning dance refrain. Seenumber 24.Hard-mush—seeGatûñ′waʻlĭ.ha′suyak′—a song form forhasuya′gĭ′, “(thou) pick it out” (imperative); “I pick it out, or select it,”ga′suyăgiû′; second person,ha′suyăgiû′. Seenumber 19.ha′tlû—dialectic form,ga′tsû, “where?” (interrogative).ha′wiye′ĕhĭ′, ha′wiye′-hyuwe′—unmeaning dance refrains. Seenumbers 32and118.hayû′—an emphatic affirmative, about equivalent to “Yes, sir!” Seenumber 115.hayuya′haniwă′—an unmeaning refrain in one of the bear songs. Seenumber 75.he-e!—an unmeaning song introduction.Hemp-carrier—seeTâle′danigi′skĭ.Hemptown—seeGatûñlti′yĭ.hi!—unmeaning dance exclamation.hi′gĭna′liĭ—“(you are) my friend”;agina′liĭ, “(he is) my friend.” In white man’s jargon,canaly.Hickory-log—seeWane′-asûñ′tlûñyĭ.Hightower—seeI′tăwă′.hĭla′gû?—how many? how much? (Upper dialect); the Middle dialect form ishûñgû′.hĭlahi′yu—long ago; the finalyumakes it more emphatic.hi′lûñnû—“(thou) go to sleep”; fromtsĭ′lihû′, “I am asleep.”hĭ′skĭ—five; cf. Mohawkwĭsk. The Cherokee numerals including 10 are as follows:sâ′gwû,tă′lĭ,tsâ′ĭ,nûñ′gĭ,hĭ′skĭ,su′tălĭ,gûlʻkwâ′gĭ,tsune′la,sañne′la,askâ′hĭ.Hiwassee—seeAyuhwa′sĭ.hi′yagu′wĕ—an unmeaning dance refrain. Seenumber 32.Houston, Samuel—seeKă′lănû.hûñgû—seehĭla′gû.huhu—the yellow-breasted chat, or yellow mocking bird (Icteria virens); the name is an onomatope. Seenumber 45.hûñyahu′skă—“he will die.”hwĭ′lahĭ—“thou (must) go.”igăgû′tĭ—daylight. The name is sometimes applied to theulûñsû′tĭ(q. v.), and also to the clematis vine.i′hya—the cane reed (Arundinaria) of the Gulf states, used by the Indians for blowguns, fishing rods, and basketry.ihyâ′ga—seeatsil′sûñʻtĭ.i′nădû′—snake.I′nădû-na′ĭ—“Going-snake,” a Cherokee chief prominent about eighty years ago. The name properly signifies that the person is “going along in company with a snake,” the verbal part being from the irregular verbasta′ĭ, “I am going along with him.” The name has been given to a district of the present Cherokee Nation.i′năgĕ′hĭ—dwelling in the wilderness, an inhabitant of the wilderness; fromi′năge′ĭ, “wilderness,” andĕhĭ, habitual present form ofĕhû, “he is dwelling”;gĕ′û, “I am dwelling.”I′năge-utăsûñ′hĭ—“He who grew up in the wilderness,” i. e. “He who grew up wild”; fromi′năge′ĭ, “wilderness, unoccupied timber land,” andutăsûñ′hĭ, the third person perfect of the irregular verb,ga′tûñskû′, “I am growing up.”Inâ′lĭ—Black-fox; the common red fox istsu′lă(in Muscogee,chula). Black-fox was principal chief of the Cherokee Nation in 1810. See page86.Iskagua—“Iakagua or Clear Sky, formerly Nenetooyah or the Bloody-Fellow.” The name appears thus in a document of 1791 as that of a Cherokee chief frequently mentioned about that period under the name of “the Bloody Fellow.” In one treaty it is given as “Eskaqua or Bloody Fellow.” Both forms and etymologies are doubtful, neither form seeming to have any reference either to “sky” (gălûñ′lăhĭ) or “blood” (gi′ga). The first may be intended forIk-e′gwa, “Great-day.” See page69.Istanare—seeUʻstăna′lĭ.Iʻsû′nigû—an important Cherokee settlement, commonly known to the whites as Seneca, formerly on Keowee river, about the mouth of Conneross creek, in Oconee county, South Carolina. Hopewell, the country seat of General Pickens, where the famous treaty was made, was near it on the east side of the river. The word cannot be translated, but has no connection with the tribal name, Seneca.Itaba—seeI′tăwă′.Ităgû′năhĭ—the Cherokee name of John Ax.I′tăwă′—The name of one or more Cherokee settlements. One, which existed until the Removal in 1838, was upon Etowah river, about the present Hightower, in Forsyth county Georgia. Another may have been on Hightower creek ofHiwassee river in Towns county, Georgia. The name, commonly written Etowah and corrupted to Hightower, cannot be translated and seems not to be of Cherokee origin. A town called Itaba, Ytaua or Ytava in the De Soto chronicles existed in 1540 among the Creeks, apparently on Alabama river.Itsă′tĭ—commonly spelled Echota, Chota, Chote, Choquata (misprint), etc; a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country: the meaning is lost. The most important settlement of this name, frequently distinguished as Great Echota, was on the south side of Little Tennessee river a short distance below Citico creek in Monroe county, Tennessee. It was the ancient capital and sacred “peace town” of the Nation. Little Echota was on Sautee (i. e.,Itsâ′tĭ) creek, a head stream of the Chattahoochee, west of Clarkesville, Georgia. New Echota, the capital of the Nation for some years before the Removal, was established at a spot originally known asGănsa′gĭ(q. v.) at the junction of the Oostanaula and Conasauga rivers, in Gordon county, Georgia. It was sometimes called Newtown. The old Macedonia mission on Soco creek, of the North Carolina reservation, is also known as Itsâ′tĭ to the Cherokee, as was also the great Nacoochee mound. SeeNaguʻtsĭ′.Itse′yĭ—“New green place” or “Place of fresh green,” fromitse′hĭ, “green or unripe vegetation,” andyĭ, the locative; applied more particularly to a tract of ground made green by fresh-springing vegetation, after having been cleared of timber or burned over. A name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, variously written Echia, Echoee, Etchowee, and sometimes also falsely rendered “Brasstown,” from a confusion ofItse′yĭwithûñtsaiyĭ′, “brass.” One settlement of this name was upon Brasstown creek of Tugaloo river, in Oconee county, South Carolina; another was on Little Tennessee river near the present Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina, and probably about the junction of Cartoogaja (Gatug-itse′yĭ) creek; a third, known to the whites as Brasstown, was on upper Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia. In Cherokee as in most other Indian languages no clear distinction is made between green and blue (saʻka′nige′ĭ).i′ya—pumpkin.iya′-iyu′stĭ—“like a pumpkin,” fromiyaandiyu′stĭ, like.iya′-tăwi′skage—“of pumpkin smoothness,” fromi′ya, pumpkin, andtăwi′skage, smooth.Jackson—seeTsek′sĭnĭ′.Jessan—seeTsĕsa′nĭ.Jesse Reid—seeTsĕ′sĭ-Ska′tsĭ.Joanna bald—seeDiyâ′hăli′yĭ.Joara,Juada—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.John—seeTsa′nĭ.John Ax—seeItăgû′năhĭ.Jolly, John—seeAhu′lude′gĭ.Junaluska—seeTsunu′lăhûñ′skĭ.Jutaculla—seeTsulʻkălû′.kâ′gû′—crow; the name is an onomatope.Kâgûñ′yĭ—“Crow place,” fromkâ′gû′, crow andyĭ, locative. Seenumber 63.ka′ĭ—grease, oil.Kala′ăsûñ′yĭ—“Where he fell off,” fromtsĭla′ăskû′, “I am falling off,” andyĭ, locative. A cliff near Cold Spring knob, in Swain county, North Carolina.Kâ′lahû′—“All-bones,” fromkâ′lû, bone. A former chief of the East Cherokee, also known in the tribe asSawănu′gĭ(Shawano), and to the whites as Sawnook or Flying-squirrel.Kâ′lănû—“The Raven”; the name was used as a war title in the tribe and appears in the old documents as Corani (Lower dialect,Kâ′rănû) Colanneh, Colona, etc. It is the Cherokee name for General Samuel Houston or for any person named Houston.Kâ′lănû Ahyeli′skĭ—the Raven Mocker. Seenumber 120.Kâ′lănûñ′yĭ—“Raven place,” fromkâ′lănû, raven, andyĭ, the locative. The proper name of Big-cove settlement upon the East Cherokee reservation, Swain county, North Carolina, sometimes also called Raventown.kalâs′-gûnăhi′ta—“long-hams” (gûnăhi′ta), “long”); a variety of bear. Seenumber 15.Kâl-detsi′yûñyĭ—“Where the bones are,” fromkâ′lû, bone, anddetsi′yûñyĭ, “where (yĭ) they (de—plural prefix) are lying.” A spot near the junction of East Buffalo creek with Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.kăma′ma—butterfly.kăma′ma u′tanû—elephant; literally “great butterfly,” from the resemblance of the trunk and ears to the butterfly’s proboscis and wings. Seenumber 15.kanahe′na—a sour corn gruel, much in use among the Cherokee and other southern tribes; thetamfulior “Tom Fuller” of the Creeks.kănăne′skĭ—spider; also, from a fancied resemblance in appearance, a watch or clock;kănăne′skĭ amăyĕ′hĭ, the water spider.Kăna′sta, Kănastûñ′yĭ—a traditional Cherokee settlement formerly on the headwaters of the French Broad river near the present Brevard, in Transylvania county, North Carolina. The meaning of the name is lost. A settlement called Cannostee or Cannastion is mentioned as existing on Hiwassee river in 1776. Seenumber 82and notes.kanâ′talu′hĭ—hominy cooked with walnut kernels.Kana′tĭ— “Lucky Hunter”; a masculine name, sometimes abbreviatedKanat′. The word can not be analyzed, but is used as a third person habitual verbal form to mean “he is lucky, or successful, in hunting”; the opposite isuʻkwa′legû, “unlucky, or unsuccessful, in hunting.” Seenumber 3.kanegwâ′tĭ—the water-moccasin snake.Kănu′ga—also written Canuga; a Lower Cherokee settlement, apparently on the waters of Keowee river in South Carolina, destroyed in 1761; also a traditional settlement on Pigeon river, probably near the present Waynesville, in Haywood county, North Carolina. Seenumber 81and notes. The name signifies “a scratcher,” a sort of bone-toothed comb with which ball-players are scratched upon their naked skin preliminary to applying the conjured medicine;de′tsinuga′skû, “I am scratching it.”kănugû′ʻlă (abbreviatednugû′ʻla)—“scratcher,” a generic term for the blackberry, raspberry, and other brier bushes. Cf.Kănu′ga.Kănu′gûʻlâyĭ, or Kănu′gûʻlûñ′yĭ—“Brier place,” fromkănu′gû′ʻlâ, brier (cf.Kănu′ga); a Cherokee settlement formerly on Nantahala river, about the mouth of Briertown creek, in Macon county, North Carolina.kănûñ′năwû′—pipe.Kâsdu′yĭ—“Ashes place,” fromkâsdu, ashes, andyĭ, the locative. A modern Cherokee name for the town of Asheville, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. The ancient name for the same site isUnta′kiyasti′yĭ, q.v.Katâl′stă—an East Cherokee woman potter, the daughter of the chief Yânăgûñ′skĭ. The name conveys the idea of lending, fromtsiyâtâl′stă, “I lend it”;agatâl′stă, “it is lent to him.”Kăwân′-urâ′sûnyĭ (abbreviatedKăwân′-urâ′sûñin the Lower dialect)—“Where the duck fell” fromkăwâ′nă, duck,urâ′să(ulâ′să), “it fell,” andyĭ, locative. Apoint on Conneross creek (fromKăwân′-urâ′sûñ), near Seneca, in Oconee county, South Carolina. Seenumber 123.Kawi′yĭ (abbreviatedKawi′)—a former important Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Cowee, about the mouth of Cowee creek of Little Tennessee river, some 10 miles below Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina. The name may possibly be a contraction ofAni′-Kawi′yĭ, “Place of the Deer clan.”Keeowhee—seeKeowee.Kenesaw—seeGănsâ′gĭ.Keowee—the name of two or more former Cherokee settlements. One, sometimes distinguished as “Old Keowee,” the principal of the Lower Cherokee towns, was on the river of the same name, near the present Fort George, in Oconee county, South Carolina. Another, distinguished as New Keowee, was on the headwaters of Twelve-mile creek, in Pickens county, South Carolina. According to Wafford the correct form isKuwâhi′yĭ, abbreviatedKuwâhi′, “Mulberry-grove place”; says Wafford, “The whites murdered the name, as they always do.” Cf.Kuwâ′hĭ.Ke′sĭ-ka′gămû—a woman’s name, a Cherokee corruption of Cassie Cockram;ka′gămûis also the Cherokee corruption for “cucumber.”Ketoowah—seeKĭtu′hwă.Kittuwa—seeKĭtu′hwă.Kĭtu′hwă—An important ancient Cherokee settlement formerly upon Tuckasegee river, and extending from above the junction of Oconaluftee down nearly to the present Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. The name, which appears also as Kettooah, Kittoa, Kittowa, etc., has lost its meaning. The people of this and the subordinate settlements on the waters of the Tuckasegee were known asAni′-Kĭtu′hwagĭand the name was frequently extended to include the whole tribe. For this reason it was adopted in later times as the name of the Cherokee secret organization, commonly known to the whites as the Ketoowah society, pledged to the defense of Cherokee autonomy. See also historical notes 1 and 47.kiyuʻga—ground-squirrel;te′wa, flying squirrel;sălâ′lĭ, gray squirrel.Klausuna—seeTlanusi′yĭ.Knoxville—seeKuwandâ′tâʻlûñ′yĭ.kû!—an introductory exclamation, to fix attention, about equivalent to “Now!”kukû′—“cymling”; also the “jigger weed,” or “pleurisy root” (Asclepias tuberosa). Coco creek of Hiwassee river, and Coker postoffice, in Monroe county Tennessee, derive their name from this word.Kûlsetsi′yĭ (abbreviatedKûlse′tsi)—“Honey-locust place,” fromkûlse′tsĭ, honey-locust (Gleditschia) andyĭlocative; as the same word,kûlse′tsĭ, is also used for “sugar,” the local name has commonly been rendered Sugartown by the traders. The name of several former settlement places in the old Cherokee country. One was upon Keowee river, near the present Fall creek, in Oconee county, South Carolina; another was on Sugartown or Cullasagee (Kûlse′tsi) creek, near the present Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; a third was on Sugartown creek, near the present Morganton, in Fannin county, Georgia.Kunnesee—seeTsi′yu-gûnsi′nĭ.Kûnstûtsi′yĭ—“Sassafras place,” fromkûnstû′tsĭ, sassafras, andyĭ, locative. A gap in the Great Smoky range, about the head of Noland creek, on the line between North Carolina and Sevier county, Tennessee.kûnu′nŭ (abbreviatedkûnun′)—the bullfrog; the name is probably an onomatope; the common green frog iswalâ′sĭand there are also names for several other varieties of frogs and toads.Kusă′—Coosa creek, an upper tributary of Nottely river, near Blairsville, Union county, Georgia. The change of accent from Ku′să (Creek, seeAni′-Ku′sa) makes it locative. See page383.Ku′să-nûñnâ′hĭ—“Creek trail,” fromKu′să, Creek Indian, andnûñnâ′hĭ, path, trail; cf.Suwâ′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ. A former important Cherokee settlement, including also a number of Creeks and Shawano, where the trail from the Ohio region to the Creek country crossed Tennessee river, at the present Guntersville, in Marshall county, Alabama. It was known to the traders as Creek-path, and later as Gunter’s landing, from a Cherokee mixed-blood named Gunter.Ku′săweti′yĭ (abbreviatedKu′săweti′)—“Old Creek place,” fromKu′să, a Creek Indian (pluralAni′-Ku′sa),uwe′tĭ, old, andyĭ, locative. Coosawatee, an important Cherokee settlement formerly on the lower part of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Georgia. In one document the name appears, by error, Tensawattee. See page382.Kuwâ′hĭ—“Mulberry place,” fromku′wă, mulberry tree, andhĭ, locative; Clingman’s dome, about the head of Deep creek, on the Great Smoky range, between Swain county, North Carolina, and Sevier county, Tennessee. See alsoKeowee.Kuwandâ′taʻlûñ′yĭ (abbreviatedKuwandâ′taʻlûñ)—“Mulberry grove,” fromku′wă, mulberry; the Cherokee name for the present site of Knoxville, in Knox county, Tennessee.Kwa′lĭ, Kwalûñ′yĭ—Qualla or Quallatown, the former agency for the East Cherokee and now a postoffice station, just outside the reservation, on a branch of Soco creek, in Jackson county, North Carolina. It is the Cherokee form for “Polly,” and the station was so called from an old woman of that name who formerly lived near by;Kwa′lĭ, “Polly,”Kwalûñ′yĭ, “Polly’s place.” The reservation is locally known as the Qualla boundary.kwandăya′hû—seeda′lĭkstă′.lâ′lû—the jar-fly (Cicada auletes). Seenumber 59.Little Carpenter,Little Cornplanter—seeĂtă′-gûlʻkălû.Lloyd—seeDa′siʻgiya′gĭ.Long-hair—a Cherokee chief living with his band in Ohio in 1795. See page79. The literal Cherokee translation of “Long-hair” isGitlû′-gûnăhi′ta, but it is not certain that the English name is a correct rendering of the Indian form. Cf.Ani′-Gilâ′hĭ.Long island—seeĂmăyeʻlĭ-gûnăhi′ta.Lookout Mountain town—seeDanda′gănû′.Lowrey, Major George—seeAgiʻlĭ.Mayes, J. B.—seeTsâ′wă Gak′skĭ.Memphis—seeTsudâ′tălesûñ′yĭ.Mialaquo—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwa.Morgan—seeÂganstâ′ta.Moses—seeWă′sĭ.Moytoy—a Cherokee chief recognized by the English as “emperor” in 1730. Both the correct form and the meaning of the name are uncertain; the name occurs again asMoyatoyin a document of 1792; a boy upon the East Cherokee reservation a few years ago bore the name of Ma′tayĭ′, for which no meaning can be given.Muscle shoals—seeDăgû′nâhĭ.Nacoochee—seeNa′guʻtsĭ′.Na′dûʻlĭ′—known to the whites as Nottely. A former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river, close to the Georgia line, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The name cannot be translated and has no connection withnaʻtûʻlĭ, “spicewood.”Naguʻtsĭ′—a former important settlement about the junction of Soquee and Santee rivers, in Nacoochee valley, at the head of Chattahoochee river, in Habersham county, Georgia. The meaning of the word is lost and it is doubtful if it be ofCherokee origin. It may have some connection with the name of the Uchee Indians. The great mound farther up Sautee river, in White county, was known to the Cherokee asItsâ′tĭ, q. v.năkwĭsĭ′ (abbreviatednăkwʻsĭ)—star; also the meadow lark.năkwĭsĭ′usdi′—“little star”; the puff ball fungus (Lycoperdon?).Nâ′nă-tluʻgûñ′yĭ (abbreviatedNâ′nă-tluʻgûñ′, orNâ′nă-tsuʻgûñ′)—“Spruce-tree place,” fromnâ′nă, spruce,tluʻgûñ′ĭortsuʻgûñ′ĭ, a tree (standing) andyĭ, locative. 1. A traditional ancient Cherokee settlement on the site of Jonesboro, Washington county, Tennessee. The name of Nolichucky river is probably a corruption of the same word. 2.Nână-tsuʻgûñ, a place on Nottely river, close to its junction with Hiwassee, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.Nanehi—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.Nantahala—seeNûñdăye′ʻlĭ.Nashville—seeDagû′năwe′lâhĭ.Natchez—seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ.Naʻts-asûñ′tlûñyĭ (abbreviatedNaʻts-asûñ′tlûñ)—“Pine-footlog place,” fromnaʻtsĭ, pine,asûñ′tlĭorasûñtlûñ′ĭ, footlog, bridge, andyĭ, locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Pinelog, on the creek of the same name, in Bartow county, Georgia.naʻtsĭ—pine.na′tsĭkû′—“I eat it” (tsĭ′kiû′, “I am eating”).naʻtûʻlĭ—spicewood (Lindera benzoin).Nayĕ′hĭ—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.Nayunuwi—seeNûñyunu′wĭ.nehanduyanû′—a song form fornehadu′yanû′, an irregular verbal form denoting “conceived in the womb.” Seenumber 75.Nellawgitehi—given as the name of a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684. See page31. The correct form and meaning are both uncertain, but the final part seems to be the common suffixdihĭ′—, “killer,” Cf.Ta′gwădihĭ′.Nenetooyah—seeIskagua.Nequassee—seeNĭ′kwăsĭ′.Nettecawaw—seegatayû′stĭ.Nettle-carrier—seeTâle′danigi′skĭ.New Echota,Newtown—seeItsâ′tĭ.Nickajack—seeNĭkutse′gĭ.Nicotani—seeAni′-Kuta′nĭ.Nĭkwăsĭ′ (orNikwʼsĭ′)—an important ancient settlement on Little Tennessee river, where now is the town of Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina. A large mound marks the site of the townhouse. The name appears in old documents as Nequassee, Nucassee, etc. Its meaning is lost.Nĭkutse′gĭ (alsoNûkătse′gĭ,Nikwătse′gĭ, or abbreviatedNĭkutseg′)—Nickajack, an important Cherokee settlement about 1790 on the south bank of Tennessee river at the entrance of Nickajack creek, in Marion county, Tennessee. One of the five Chickamauga towns (seeTsĭkăma′gĭ). The meaning of the word is lost and it is probably not of Cherokee origin, although it occurs also in the tribe as a man’s name. In the corrupted form of “Nigger Jack,” it occurs also as the name of a creek of Cullasagee river above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina.Nilaque—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwă.Nolichucky—seeNâ′nătluʻgûñ′yĭ.Notchy—a creek entering Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee. The name evidently refers to Natchez Indian refugees, who formerly lived in the vicinity (seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ).Nottely—seeNa′dûʻlĭ′.nû—used as a suffix to denote “and,” or “also”;û′lĕ-ʻnû, “and also”;na′skiʻ-nû′, “and that,” “that also.”Nucassee—seeNĭkwăsĭ′.nu′dûñnelû′—he didso and so; an irregular form apparently connected with the archaic formsadûñni′ga, “it has just become so,” andudûñnû′, “it is matured, or finished.” Seenumber 118.nûñ′dă′—the sun or moon, distinguished asnûñ′dă′ igĕ′hĭ, “nûñ′dã′dwelling in the day,” andnûñ′dă′ sûñnâ′yĕhĭ, “nûñ′dă′dwelling in the night.” In the sacred formulas the moon is sometimes calledGeʻyăgu′ga, q. v., orSu′tălidihĭ′, “Six-killer,” names apparently founded upon myths now lost.nûñ′dă′-dikaʻnĭ—a rare bird formerly seen occasionally in the old Cherokee country, possibly the little blue heron (Floridus cerulea). The name seems to mean “it looks at the sun,” i. e., “sun-gazer,” fromnûñ′dă′, sun, andda′kaʻnă′ordetsi′kaʻnă, “I am looking at it.” Seenumber 35.Nûñ′dâgûñ′yĭ, Nûñdâ′yĭ—the Sun land, or east; fromnûñdă′, sun, andyĭ, locative. Used in the sacred formulas instead ofdi′gălûñgûñ′yĭ, “where it rises,” the common word.Nûñ′dăyeʻlĭ—“Middle (i. e. Noonday) sun,” fromnûñdă′, sun andayeʻlĭ, middle; a former Cherokee settlement on Nantahala river, near the present Jarrett station, in Macon county, North Carolina, so called from the high cliffs which shut out the view of the sun until nearly noon. The name appears also as Nantahala, Nantiyallee, Nuntialla, etc. It appears to have been applied properly only to the point on the river where the cliffs are most perpendicular, while the settlement itself was known asKanu′gûʻlâ′yĭ, “Briertown,” q. v. Seenumber 122.Nugătsa′nĭ—a ridge sloping down to Oconaluftee river, below Cherokee, in Swain county, North Carolina. The word is an archaic form denoting a high ridge with a long gradual slope. Seenumber 122.nûñ′gĭ′—four. Seehĭ′skĭ.nugûʻla—seekănugûʻla.Nuhnayie—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.nu′nă—potato; the name was originally applied to the wild “pig potato” (Phaseolus), now distinguished asnu′nă igâtĕhĭ, “swamp-dwelling potato.”Nûndăwe′gĭ—seeAni′-Nûndăwe′gĭ.nûñnâ′hĭ (abbreviatednûñnâ)—a path, trail or road.Nûñnâ′hĭ-dihĭ′ (abbreviatedNûñ′nâ-dihĭ′)—“Path-killer,” literally, “He kills (habitually) in the path,” fromnûñ′nâhĭ, path, andahihĭ, “he kills” (habitually); “I am killing,”tsi′ihû′. A principal chief, about the year 1813. Major John Ridge was originally known by the same name, but afterward took the name,Gûnûñ′daʻle′gĭ, “One who follows the ridge,” which the whites made simply Ridge.Nûnnâ′hĭ-tsune′ga (abbreviated)Nûñnâ-tsune′ga—“White-path,” fromnûñnâ′hĭ, path, andtsune′ga, plural ofune′ga, white; the form is in the plural, as is common in Indian names, and has probably a symbolic reference to the “white” or peaceful paths spoken of in the opening invocation at the Green corn dance. A noted chief who led the conservative party about 1828. See pages113,132.Nûñnĕ′hĭ (alsoGûñnĕ′hĭ; singularNayĕ′hĭ)—a race of invisible spirit people. The name is derived from the verbĕ′hû′, “I dwell, I live,”ĕ′hĭ′, “I dwell habitually,” and may be rendered “dwellers anywhere,” or “those who live anywhere,” but implies having always been there, i. e., “Immortals.” It has been spelledNanehiandNuhnayieby different writers. The singular formNayĕ′hĭoccurs also as a personal name, about equivalent toEdă′hĭ, “One who goes about.” Seenumber 78.nuniyu′stĭ—“potato-like,” fromnu′nă, potato, andiyu′stĭ, like. A flowering vine with tuberous root somewhat resembling the potato. Seenumber 126.nûñyû′—rock, stone. Cf.nâyŭ, sandNûñyû′-gûñwani′skĭ—“Rock that talks,” fromnûñyû′, rock, andtsiwa′nihû, “I am talking.” A rock from which Talking-rock creek of Coosawatee river in Georgia derives its name. Seenumber 125.Nûñ′yunu′wĭ—contracted fromNûñyû-unu′wĭ. “Stone-clad,” fromnûñyû, rock, andagwănu′wû, “I am clothed or covered.” A mythic monster, invulnerable by reason of his stony skin. Seenumber 67. The name is also applied sometimes to the stinging ant,dasûñtâlĭ atatsûñskĭ, q. v. It has also been spelledNayunuwi.Nûñyû′-tluʻgûñĭ (orNûñyû-tsuʻgûñ′ĭ)—“Tree rock.” A notable rock on Hiwassee river, just within the North Carolina line. Seenumber 66and notes.Nûñyû′-tăwi′skă—“Slick rock,” fromnûñyû′, rock, andtăwiskă, smooth, slick; the form remains unchanged for the locative. 1. Slick-rock creek, entering Little Tennessee river just within the west line of Graham county, North Carolina. 2. A place at the extreme head of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia.Ocoee—seeUwagâ′hĭ.Oconaluftee—seeEgwânulʻtĭ.Oconee—seeUkwû′nû.Oconostota—seeÂganstâ′ta.Old Tassel—seeUtsi′dsătă′.Ooltewah—seeUltiwâ′ĭ.Oolunsade—seeUlûñsû′tĭ.Oostanaula—seeU stăna′lĭ.Oostinaleh—seeU stăna′lĭ.Oothcaloga—seeUyʻgilâ′gĭ.Otacite,Otassite—seeOutacity.Otari,Otariyatiqui—mentioned as a place, apparently on the Cherokee frontier, visited by Pardo in 1567. Otari seems to be the Cherokeeâtărĭorâtălĭ, mountain, but the rest of the word is doubtful. See page28.Ottare—seeâ′tălĭ.Owasta—given as the name of a Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page31.Ougillogy—seeUyʻgilâ′gĭ.Outacity—given in documents as the name or title of a prominent Cherokee chief about 1720. It appears also as Otacite, Otassite, Outassatah, Wootassite and Wrosetasatow (!), but the form cannot be identified, although it seems to contain the personal name suffixdihĭ′, “killer.” Timberlake says (page 71): “There are some other honorary titles among them, conferred in reward of great actions; the first of which is Outacity or Man-killer, and the second Colona or the Raven.”Outassatah—seeOutacity.Owassa—seeAyuhwa′sĭ.Paint-town—seeAni′-Wâ′dihĭ′.Path-killer—seeNûñnâ′hi-dihĭ′.Phœnix, Cherokee—seeTsule′hisanûñ′hĭ.Pigeon River—seeWâyĭ.Pine Indians—seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ.Pinelog—seeNaʻts-asûñ′tlûñyĭ.Qualatchee—a former Cherokee settlement on the headwaters of the Chattahoochee river in Georgia; another of the same name was upon the waters of Keowee river in South Carolina. The correct form is unknown.Qualla—seeKwalĭ.Quaxule—seeGuaxule.Quinahaqui—a place, possibly in the Cherokee country, visited by Pardo in 1567. The form cannot be identified. See page28.Quoneashee—seeTlanusi′yĭ.Rattlesnake springs—seeUtsanătiyĭ.Rattling-gourd—seeGănsĕʻtĭ.Raventown—seeKâlănûñ′yĭ.Red Clay—seeElăwâ′diyĭ.Reid, Jesse—seeTse′si-Ska′tsĭ.Ridge, Major John—seeNûñnâ′hĭ-dihĭ.Ross, John—seeGu′wisguwĭ′.Ross’ landing—seeTsatănu′gĭ.Sadayĭ′—a feminine name, the proper name of the woman known to the whites as Annie Ax; it cannot be translated.Sâgwâ′hĭ, or Sâgwûñ′yĭ—“One place,” fromsâ′gwû, one, andhĭoryĭ, locative. Soco creek of Oconaluftee river, on the East Cherokee reservation, in Jackson county, North Carolina. No satisfactory reason is given for the name, which has its parallel inTsâskâ′hĭ, “Thirty place,” a local name in Cherokee county, in the same state.sâ′gwălĭ′, horse; fromasâgwâlihû, a pack or burden,asâgwŭllû′; “there is a pack on him.”sâ′gwălĭ dĭgû′lanăhi′ta—mule; literally “long eared horse,” fromsâ′gwălĭ, horse, anddigû′lanăhi′ta, q. v.Sâkwi′yĭ (orSuki′yĭ; abbreviatedSâkwi′orSuki′)—a former settlement on Soquee river, a head-stream ofChattahoochee, near Clarkesville, Habersham county, Georgia. Also written Saukee and Sookee. The name has lost its meaning.sălâ′lĭ—squirrel; the common gray squirrel; other varieties arekiyuʻga, the ground squirrel, andtewa, the flying squirrel.Sălâ′lĭwas also the name of an East Cherokee inventor who died a few years ago;Sălâ′lăni′ta, “Young-squirrels,” is a masculine personal name on the reservation.săligu′gĭ—turtle, the common water turtle; soft-shell turtle,uʻlănă′wă; land tortoise or terrapin,tûksĭ′.sălikwâ′yĭ—bear-grass (Eryngium); also the greensnake, on account of a fancied resemblance; the name of a former Cherokee settlement on Sallacoa creek of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Georgia.Sa′nigilâ′gĭ (abbreviatedSanʻgilâ′gĭ)—Whiteside mountain, a prominent peak of the Blue ridge, southeast from Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina. It is connected with the tradition of Uʻtlûñ′ta (seenumber 66and notes).Santeetla—the present map name of a creek joining Cheowa river in Graham county, North Carolina, and of a smaller tributary (Little Santeetla). The name is not recognized or understood by the Cherokee, who insist that it was given by the whites. Little Santeetla is known to the Cherokee asTsundaʻnilti′yĭ, q. v.; the main Santeetla creek is commonly known asNâgu′hĭ geyûñ′ĭ, “Sand-place stream,” fromNûyu′hiĭ, “Sand place” (nâyŭ, sand), a former settlement just above the junction of the two creeks.Sara—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.sa′sa′—goose; an onomatope.Sautee—seeItsâ′tĭ.Savannah—the popular name of this river is derived from that of the Shawano Indians, formerly living upon its middle course, and known to the Cherokee asAni′-Sawănu′gĭ, q. v., to the Creeks asSavanuka, and to some of the coast tribesof Carolina asSavanna. In old documents the river is also calledIsundiga, fromIʻsû′nigûorSeneca, q. v., an important former Cherokee settlement upon its upper waters. Seenumber 99.Sawănu′gĭ—“Shawano” (Indian); a masculine personal name upon the East Cherokee reservation and prominent in the history of the band. SeeAnĭ′-Sawănu′gĭandKâ′lahû′.Sawnook—seeKâ′lahû′.Sehwate′yĭ—“Hornet place,”fromse′hwatû, hornet, andyĭ, locative. Cheowa Maximum and Swim bald, adjoining bald peaks at the head of Cheowa river, Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.selu—corn; sometimes called in the sacred formulasAgawe′la, “The Old Woman.” Seenumber 126.sel-utsĭ′ (forselu-utsĭ′)—“corn’s mother,” fromselu, corn andutsĭ′, his mother (etsĭ′oragitsĭ′, my mother); the bead-corn or Job’s-tears (Coix lacryma). Seenumber 126.Seneca—seeAni′-Nûn′dăwe′gĭ(Seneca tribe), andIʻsû′nigû, (Seneca town).Sequatchee—seeSĭ′gwetsĭ′.Sequoya—seeSikwâyĭ.Sĕʻtsĭ—a mound and traditional Cherokee settlement on the south side of Valley river, about three miles below Valleytown, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; the name has lost its meaning. Seenumber 79. A settlement calledTăsĕʻtsĭ(Tassetchiein some old documents) existed on the extreme head of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia.Sevier—seeTsan′-usdi′.Shoe-boots—seeDa′siʻgiya′gĭ.Shooting creek—seeDu′stăyaʻlûñy′yĭ.Sĭ′gwetsĭ′—a traditional Cherokee settlement on the south bank of the French Broad river, not far from Knoxville, Knox county, Tennessee. Near by was the quarry from which it is said the stone for the white peace pipes was obtained. Seenumber 111and notes. Sequatchee, the name of the river below Chattanooga, in Tennessee, is probably a corruption of the same word.sĭ′kwă—hog; originally the name of the opossum, now distinguished assĭ′kwă utset′stĭ, q. v.sĭ′kwă utset′stĭ—opossum: literally “grinning hog,” fromsĭ′kwă, hog, andutset′stĭ, “he grins (habitually).” Cf.sĭkwă.Sikwâ′yĭ—a masculine name, commonly written Sequoya, made famous as that of the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet. See page108. The name, which can not be translated, is still in use upon the East Cherokee reservation.Sikwi′ă—a masculine name, the Cherokee corruption for Sevier. See alsoTsan-usdi′.sinnawah—seetlă′nuwă.Sĭ′tikû′ (orsû′tăgû′, in dialectic form)—a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river at the entrance of Citico creek, in Monroe county, Tennessee. The name, which can not be translated, is commonly spelled Citico, but appears also as Sattiquo, Settico, Settacoo, Sette, Sittiquo, etc.siyu′—seeâ′siyu′.skĭntâ′—forskĭn′tâgû′, understood to mean “put a new tooth into my jaw.” The word can not be analyzed, but is derived fromgăntkă′(gantaʻgăin a dialectic form) a tooth in place; a tooth detached iskăyuʻgă. Seenumber 15.Skwan′-digûʻgûñ′yî (forAskwan′-digûʻgûñ′yĭ)—“Where the Spaniard is in the water [or other liquid]”. A place on Upper Soco creek, on the reservation in Jackson county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Slick rock—seeNûñyû′-tăwi′skă.Smith, N. J.—seeTsalădihĭ′.Snowbird—seeTuti′yĭ.Soco creek—seeSâgwâ′hĭ.Soco gap—seeĂhălu′na.Soquee—seeSâkwi′yĭ.Spray, H. W.—seeWĭlsĭnĭ′.Spring-Frog—seeDu′stu′.Standing Indian—seeYûñwĭ-tsulenûñ′yĭ.Stand Watie—seeDe′gatâgă.Stekoa—seeStikâ′yĭ.ste′tsi—your daughter; literally, your offspring;agwe′tsĭ, “my offspring”;uwe′tsĭ, “his offspring”; to distinguish sex it is necessary to addasga′ya, “man” orage′hya, “woman.”Stikâ′yĭ (variously spelled Stecoe, Steecoy, Stekoah, Stickoey, etc.)—the name of several former Cherokee settlements: 1. On Sticoa creek, near Clayton, Rabun county,Georgia; 2. on Tuckasegee river at the old Thomas homestead just above the present Whittier, in Swain county, North Carolina; 3. on Stekoa creek of Little Tennessee river, a few miles below the junction of Nantahala, in Graham county, North Carolina. The word has lost its meaning.Stringfield—seeTlâge′sĭ.stugi′stĭ, stui′stĭ—a key; see page187and underAstu′gatâ′ga.Suck, The—seeÛñ′tiguhĭ′.Sugartown—seeKûlse′tsi′yĭ.sû′năwă′—seetlă′nuwă.sûnĕstlâ′tă—“split noses”; seetsunûʻliyû′ sûnĕstlâ′tă.sûñgĭ—mink; also onion; the name seems to refer to a smell; the various mints are called generically,gawʻsûñ′gĭ. Seenumber 29.Suki′yĭ—another form ofSâkwi′yĭ, q.v.su′lĭ′—buzzard; the Creek name is the same.Sun land—seeNûñ′dă′yĭ.su′-să′-sai′—an unmeaning song refrain. Seenumber 66.su′tălidihĭ′—seenûñ′dă′.Suwa′li—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.Suwa′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ (abbreviatedSuwa′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ)—“Suwali trail,” the proper name for the gap at the head of Swannanoa (fromSuwa′lĭ-Nûñ′nâ) river, east of Asheville, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. Cf.Ku′să-nûñnâ′hĭ. See pages194and379, alsoAni′-Suwa′lĭ.Suwaʻnĭ—a former Cherokee settlement on Chattahoochee river, about the present Suwanee, in Gwinnett county, Georgia. The name has no meaning in the Cherokee language and is said to be of Creek origin. See page382.Suye′ta—“The Chosen One,” fromasuye′ta, “he is chosen,”gasu′yeû, “I am choosing”; the same form,suye′ta, could also mean mixed, fromgasu′yăhû, “I am mixing it.” A masculine name, at present borne by a prominent ex-chief and informant upon the East Cherokee reservation.Swannanoa—seeSuwa′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ.Swim bald—seeSehwate′yĭ.Swimmer—seeAʻyûñ′inĭ.tadeyâ′statakûhĭ′—“we shall see each other.” Seenumber 75.Tae-keo-ge—seeTaʻski′gĭ.ta′gû—the June-bug (Allorhina nitida), also calledtu′ya-dĭskalawʼsti′skĭ, “one who keeps fire under the beans.” Seenumber 59.Ta′gwa—seeAni′ta′gwa.Ta′gwădihĭ′ (abbreviatedTa′gwădi′)—“Catawba-killer,” fromAta′gwaorTa′gwa, Catawba Indian, anddihihĭ, “he kills them” (habitually) fromtsi′ihû′,“I kill.” An old masculine personal name, still in use upon the East Cherokee reservation. It was the proper name of the chief known to the whites about 1790 as “The Glass,” from a confusion of this name withadakĕ′ʻtĭ, glass, or mirror.Tagwâ′hĭ—“Catawba place,” fromAta′gwaorTa′gwa, Catawba Indian, andhĭ, locative. A name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country. A settlement of this name, known to the whites as Toccoa, was upon Toccoa creek, east of Clarkesville, in Habersham county, Georgia; another was upon Toccoa or Ocoee river, about the present Toccoa, in Fannin county, Georgia; a third may have been on Persimmon creek, which is known to the Cherokee asTagwâ′hĭ, and enters Hiwassee river some distance below Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.Tahkeyostee—seeUnta′kiyasti′yĭ.Tahlequah—seeTălikwă′.Tahchee—seeTătsĭ′.Takatoka—seeDe′gătâ′gă.tă′lădŭ′ (abbreviatedtăldŭ′)—twelve, fromtă′lĭ, two. Cf.tăla′tŭ, cricket.Tăʻlasĭ′—a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, about Talassee ford, in Blount county, Tennessee. The name has lost its meaning.Talassee—seeTăʻlasĭ′.tăla′tŭ—cricket; sometimes also calleddita′staye′skĭ(q. v.), “the barber.” Cf.tă′lădŭ′, twelve.Tâle′danigi′skĭ (Utâle′danigi′sĭ, in a dialectic form)—variously rendered by the whites “Hemp-carrier,” “Nettle-carrier” or “Flax-toter,” fromtâle′taorutâle′ta, flax (Linum) or rich weed (Pilea pumila), anddanigi′skĭ, “he carries them (habitually).” A former prominent chief on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. Seenumber 95and notes.Talihina—given as the name of the Cherokee wife of Samuel Houston; the form cannot be identified. See page223.Tălikwă′ (commonly written Tellico, Telliquo or, in the Indian Territory, Tahlequah)—the name of several Cherokee settlements at different periods, viz: 1. Great Tellico, at Tellico Plains, on Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee; 2. Little Tellico, on Tellico creek of Little Tennessee river, about ten miles below Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; 3. a town on Valley river, about five miles above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; 4. Tahlequah, established as the capital of the Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory, in 1839. The meaning of the name is lost.Tali′wă—the site of a traditional battle between the Cherokee and Creeks about 1755, on Mountain (?) creek of Etowah river in upper Georgia. Probably not a Cherokee but a Creek name from the Creekta′luaorita′lua, town. See pages38and384–385.Talking-rock—seeNûñyû′-gûñwani′skĭ.Tallulah—seeTălulŭ′.Tăl-tsu′skă′— “Two-heads,” fromtă′lĭ, two, andtsu′skă′, plural ofuskă′, (his) head. A Cherokee chief about the year 1800, known to the whites as Doublehead.talulĭ—pregnant; whencealulĭ′, (she is) a mother, said of a woman.Tălulŭ′ (commonly written Tallulah, and appearing in old documents, from the Lower dialect, as Taruraw, Toruro, Turoree, etc.)—a name occurring in two or more places in the old Cherokee country, viz: 1. An ancient settlement on the upper part of Tallulah river, in Rabun county, Georgia; 2. a town on Tallulah creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. The word is of uncertain etymology. Thedulu′sĭfrog is said to crytălulŭ′. Seenumber 125. The noted falls upon Tallulah river are known to the Cherokee asUgûñ′yĭ, q. v.
ginûnti—a song form forginû′tiĭ′, “to lay him (animate object) upon the ground.” Seenumber 75.giʻrĭ′—seegiʻlĭ′.Gisehûñ′yĭ—“Where the female lives,” fromagi′sĭ, female, andyĭ, the locative. A place on Tuckasegee river, a short distance above Bryson City, Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.gitlû′—hair (Upper dialect); in the Middle and Lower dialects,gitsû′.gitsû′—seegitlû′.Glass, The—seeTa′gwădihi′.Gohoma—A Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page31.Going-snake—seeI′nădûna′ĭ.Gorhaleke—a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page31.Great island—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwa.Gregory bald—seeTsistu′yĭ.Guachoule—seeGuaxule.Guaquili(Wakili)—a town in the Cherokee country, visited by De Soto in 1540, and again in 1567 by Pardo, who calls it Aguaquiri (see pages25and28). The name may have a connection withwagulĭ′, “whippoorwill,” or withu-)wâ′giʻlĭ, “foam.”Guasula—seeGuaxule.Guasili—seeGuaxule.Guaxule—a town in the Cherokee country, visited by De Soto in 1540; variously spelled in the narratives, Guasili, Guachoule, Guasula, Guaxule, Quaxule, etc. It was probably about at Nacoochee mound, in White county, Georgia. It has been suggested that the Spaniards may have changed the Indian name to resemble that of a town in Spain. See pages26and194.gû′daye′wû—“I have sewed myself together”; “I am sewing,”tsiye′wiă′; “I am sewing myself together,”gûdayewiû. Seenumber 31.gŭgwĕ′ (orgʻgwĕ′)—the quail or partridge; the name is an onomatope.gŭgwĕ′-ulasu′la—“partridge moccasin,” fromgŭgwĕ′orgʻgwĕ′, partridge, andulasula, moccasin or shoe; the ladyslipper (Cypripedium).Gûlâhi′yĭ (abbreviatedGûlâhi′, orGûrâhi′, in the Lower dialect)—“Gûlâ′hĭ place,” so called from an unidentified spring plant eaten as a salad by the Cherokee. The name of two or more places in the old Cherokee country; one about Currahee mountain in Habersham county, Georgia, the other on Cullowhee river, an upper branch of Tuckasegee, in Jackson county, North Carolina. Currahee Dick was a noted chief about the year 1820.Gû′lani′yĭ—a Cherokee and Natchez settlement formerly about the junction of Brasstown creek with Hiwassee river, a short distance above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The etymology of the word is doubtful.gulĕ′—acorn.gûlĕ′-diskaʻnihĭ′—the turtle-dove; literally, “it cries, or mourns, for acorns,” fromgulĕ′, acorn, anddiskaʻnihĭ′, “it cries for them” (di-, plural prefix,-hi, habitual suffix). The turtle-dove feeds upon acorns and its cry somewhat resembles the name,gulĕ′.gûle′gĭ—“climber,” fromtsilahĭ′, “I climb” (second person,hĭ′lahĭ′; third person,gûlahĭ′); the blacksnake (Bascanion constrictor).Gûlʻkăla′skĭ—An earlier name forTsunu′lăhûñ′skĭ, q. v.gûlʻkwâ′gĭ—seven; also the mole-cricket (Gryllotalpa). Seenumber 59.gûlʻkwâ′gine(-ĭ—seventh; fromgûlʻkwâgĭ, seven.Gûlsădihĭ′ (orGûltsădihĭ′?)—a masculine personal name, of uncertain etymology.Gumlog—seeTsilalu′hĭ.gûnăhi′ta—long.Gû′năhitûñ′yĭ—“Long place” (i.e., Long valley), fromgûnăhita, long, andyĭ, locative. A former settlement, known to the whites as Valleytown, where now is the town of the same name, on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The various settlements on Valley river and the adjacent part of Hiwassee were known collectively as the “Valley towns.”Gûn′-dĭ′gaduhûñ′yĭ (abbreviatedGûn′-dĭgadu′hûñ)—“Turkey settlement” (gû′nă, turkey), so called from the chief, Turkey or Little Turkey. A former settlement, known to the whites as Turkeytown, upon the west bank of Coosa river, opposite the present Center, in Cherokee county, Alabama.gû′nî′—arrow. Cf. Senecagaʼnaʼ.gûñ′năge′ĭ (orgûñ′năge)—black.Gûñnĕ′hĭ—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.Gûñskăli′skĭ—a masculine personal name of uncertain etymology.Gunters landing,Guntersville—seeKu′să-Nûñnâ′hĭ.Gûn-tsuskwa′ʻlĭ—“Short arrows,” fromgûnĭ′, arrow, andtsuskwa′ʻlĭ, plural ofuskwa′ʻlĭ, short; a traditional western tribe. Seenumber 105.Gûnûñ′daʻle′gĭ—seeNûñnâ′hĭ-dihĭ′.Gustĭ′—a traditional Cherokee settlement on Tennessee river, near Kingston, Roane county, Tennessee. Seenumber 79. The name cannot be analyzed. Wafford thought it a Cherokee attempt at “Kingston,” but it seems rather to be aboriginal.Gu′wisguwĭ′—The Cherokee name for the chief John Ross and for the district named in his honor, commonly spelled Cooweescoowee. Properly an onomatope for a large bird said to have been seen formerly at infrequent intervals in the old Cherokee country, accompanying the migratory wild geese, and described as resembling a large snipe, with yellow legs and unwebbed feet. In boyhood John Ross was known as Tsan′-usdi′, “Little John.”Gwalʻgâ′hĭ—“Frog place,” fromgwalʻgû, a variety of frog, andhĭ, locative. A place on Hiwassee river, just above the junction of Peachtree creek, near Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; about 1755 the site of a village of refugee Natchez, and later of a Baptist mission.gwehe′!—a cricket’s cry. Seenumber 119.ha!—an introductory exclamation intended to attract attention or add emphasis; about equivalent toHere! Now!ha′-ma′ma′—a song term compounded ofha!an introductory exclamation, andmămă′, a word which has no analysis, but is used in speaking to young children to mean “let me carry you on my back.” Seenumber 117.Hanging-maw—seeUskwâ′li-gû′tă.ha′nia-lĭl′-lĭl′—an unmeaning dance refrain. Seenumber 24.Hard-mush—seeGatûñ′waʻlĭ.ha′suyak′—a song form forhasuya′gĭ′, “(thou) pick it out” (imperative); “I pick it out, or select it,”ga′suyăgiû′; second person,ha′suyăgiû′. Seenumber 19.ha′tlû—dialectic form,ga′tsû, “where?” (interrogative).ha′wiye′ĕhĭ′, ha′wiye′-hyuwe′—unmeaning dance refrains. Seenumbers 32and118.hayû′—an emphatic affirmative, about equivalent to “Yes, sir!” Seenumber 115.hayuya′haniwă′—an unmeaning refrain in one of the bear songs. Seenumber 75.he-e!—an unmeaning song introduction.Hemp-carrier—seeTâle′danigi′skĭ.Hemptown—seeGatûñlti′yĭ.hi!—unmeaning dance exclamation.hi′gĭna′liĭ—“(you are) my friend”;agina′liĭ, “(he is) my friend.” In white man’s jargon,canaly.Hickory-log—seeWane′-asûñ′tlûñyĭ.Hightower—seeI′tăwă′.hĭla′gû?—how many? how much? (Upper dialect); the Middle dialect form ishûñgû′.hĭlahi′yu—long ago; the finalyumakes it more emphatic.hi′lûñnû—“(thou) go to sleep”; fromtsĭ′lihû′, “I am asleep.”hĭ′skĭ—five; cf. Mohawkwĭsk. The Cherokee numerals including 10 are as follows:sâ′gwû,tă′lĭ,tsâ′ĭ,nûñ′gĭ,hĭ′skĭ,su′tălĭ,gûlʻkwâ′gĭ,tsune′la,sañne′la,askâ′hĭ.Hiwassee—seeAyuhwa′sĭ.hi′yagu′wĕ—an unmeaning dance refrain. Seenumber 32.Houston, Samuel—seeKă′lănû.hûñgû—seehĭla′gû.huhu—the yellow-breasted chat, or yellow mocking bird (Icteria virens); the name is an onomatope. Seenumber 45.hûñyahu′skă—“he will die.”hwĭ′lahĭ—“thou (must) go.”igăgû′tĭ—daylight. The name is sometimes applied to theulûñsû′tĭ(q. v.), and also to the clematis vine.i′hya—the cane reed (Arundinaria) of the Gulf states, used by the Indians for blowguns, fishing rods, and basketry.ihyâ′ga—seeatsil′sûñʻtĭ.i′nădû′—snake.I′nădû-na′ĭ—“Going-snake,” a Cherokee chief prominent about eighty years ago. The name properly signifies that the person is “going along in company with a snake,” the verbal part being from the irregular verbasta′ĭ, “I am going along with him.” The name has been given to a district of the present Cherokee Nation.i′năgĕ′hĭ—dwelling in the wilderness, an inhabitant of the wilderness; fromi′năge′ĭ, “wilderness,” andĕhĭ, habitual present form ofĕhû, “he is dwelling”;gĕ′û, “I am dwelling.”I′năge-utăsûñ′hĭ—“He who grew up in the wilderness,” i. e. “He who grew up wild”; fromi′năge′ĭ, “wilderness, unoccupied timber land,” andutăsûñ′hĭ, the third person perfect of the irregular verb,ga′tûñskû′, “I am growing up.”Inâ′lĭ—Black-fox; the common red fox istsu′lă(in Muscogee,chula). Black-fox was principal chief of the Cherokee Nation in 1810. See page86.Iskagua—“Iakagua or Clear Sky, formerly Nenetooyah or the Bloody-Fellow.” The name appears thus in a document of 1791 as that of a Cherokee chief frequently mentioned about that period under the name of “the Bloody Fellow.” In one treaty it is given as “Eskaqua or Bloody Fellow.” Both forms and etymologies are doubtful, neither form seeming to have any reference either to “sky” (gălûñ′lăhĭ) or “blood” (gi′ga). The first may be intended forIk-e′gwa, “Great-day.” See page69.Istanare—seeUʻstăna′lĭ.Iʻsû′nigû—an important Cherokee settlement, commonly known to the whites as Seneca, formerly on Keowee river, about the mouth of Conneross creek, in Oconee county, South Carolina. Hopewell, the country seat of General Pickens, where the famous treaty was made, was near it on the east side of the river. The word cannot be translated, but has no connection with the tribal name, Seneca.Itaba—seeI′tăwă′.Ităgû′năhĭ—the Cherokee name of John Ax.I′tăwă′—The name of one or more Cherokee settlements. One, which existed until the Removal in 1838, was upon Etowah river, about the present Hightower, in Forsyth county Georgia. Another may have been on Hightower creek ofHiwassee river in Towns county, Georgia. The name, commonly written Etowah and corrupted to Hightower, cannot be translated and seems not to be of Cherokee origin. A town called Itaba, Ytaua or Ytava in the De Soto chronicles existed in 1540 among the Creeks, apparently on Alabama river.Itsă′tĭ—commonly spelled Echota, Chota, Chote, Choquata (misprint), etc; a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country: the meaning is lost. The most important settlement of this name, frequently distinguished as Great Echota, was on the south side of Little Tennessee river a short distance below Citico creek in Monroe county, Tennessee. It was the ancient capital and sacred “peace town” of the Nation. Little Echota was on Sautee (i. e.,Itsâ′tĭ) creek, a head stream of the Chattahoochee, west of Clarkesville, Georgia. New Echota, the capital of the Nation for some years before the Removal, was established at a spot originally known asGănsa′gĭ(q. v.) at the junction of the Oostanaula and Conasauga rivers, in Gordon county, Georgia. It was sometimes called Newtown. The old Macedonia mission on Soco creek, of the North Carolina reservation, is also known as Itsâ′tĭ to the Cherokee, as was also the great Nacoochee mound. SeeNaguʻtsĭ′.Itse′yĭ—“New green place” or “Place of fresh green,” fromitse′hĭ, “green or unripe vegetation,” andyĭ, the locative; applied more particularly to a tract of ground made green by fresh-springing vegetation, after having been cleared of timber or burned over. A name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, variously written Echia, Echoee, Etchowee, and sometimes also falsely rendered “Brasstown,” from a confusion ofItse′yĭwithûñtsaiyĭ′, “brass.” One settlement of this name was upon Brasstown creek of Tugaloo river, in Oconee county, South Carolina; another was on Little Tennessee river near the present Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina, and probably about the junction of Cartoogaja (Gatug-itse′yĭ) creek; a third, known to the whites as Brasstown, was on upper Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia. In Cherokee as in most other Indian languages no clear distinction is made between green and blue (saʻka′nige′ĭ).i′ya—pumpkin.iya′-iyu′stĭ—“like a pumpkin,” fromiyaandiyu′stĭ, like.iya′-tăwi′skage—“of pumpkin smoothness,” fromi′ya, pumpkin, andtăwi′skage, smooth.Jackson—seeTsek′sĭnĭ′.Jessan—seeTsĕsa′nĭ.Jesse Reid—seeTsĕ′sĭ-Ska′tsĭ.Joanna bald—seeDiyâ′hăli′yĭ.Joara,Juada—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.John—seeTsa′nĭ.John Ax—seeItăgû′năhĭ.Jolly, John—seeAhu′lude′gĭ.Junaluska—seeTsunu′lăhûñ′skĭ.Jutaculla—seeTsulʻkălû′.kâ′gû′—crow; the name is an onomatope.Kâgûñ′yĭ—“Crow place,” fromkâ′gû′, crow andyĭ, locative. Seenumber 63.ka′ĭ—grease, oil.Kala′ăsûñ′yĭ—“Where he fell off,” fromtsĭla′ăskû′, “I am falling off,” andyĭ, locative. A cliff near Cold Spring knob, in Swain county, North Carolina.Kâ′lahû′—“All-bones,” fromkâ′lû, bone. A former chief of the East Cherokee, also known in the tribe asSawănu′gĭ(Shawano), and to the whites as Sawnook or Flying-squirrel.Kâ′lănû—“The Raven”; the name was used as a war title in the tribe and appears in the old documents as Corani (Lower dialect,Kâ′rănû) Colanneh, Colona, etc. It is the Cherokee name for General Samuel Houston or for any person named Houston.Kâ′lănû Ahyeli′skĭ—the Raven Mocker. Seenumber 120.Kâ′lănûñ′yĭ—“Raven place,” fromkâ′lănû, raven, andyĭ, the locative. The proper name of Big-cove settlement upon the East Cherokee reservation, Swain county, North Carolina, sometimes also called Raventown.kalâs′-gûnăhi′ta—“long-hams” (gûnăhi′ta), “long”); a variety of bear. Seenumber 15.Kâl-detsi′yûñyĭ—“Where the bones are,” fromkâ′lû, bone, anddetsi′yûñyĭ, “where (yĭ) they (de—plural prefix) are lying.” A spot near the junction of East Buffalo creek with Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.kăma′ma—butterfly.kăma′ma u′tanû—elephant; literally “great butterfly,” from the resemblance of the trunk and ears to the butterfly’s proboscis and wings. Seenumber 15.kanahe′na—a sour corn gruel, much in use among the Cherokee and other southern tribes; thetamfulior “Tom Fuller” of the Creeks.kănăne′skĭ—spider; also, from a fancied resemblance in appearance, a watch or clock;kănăne′skĭ amăyĕ′hĭ, the water spider.Kăna′sta, Kănastûñ′yĭ—a traditional Cherokee settlement formerly on the headwaters of the French Broad river near the present Brevard, in Transylvania county, North Carolina. The meaning of the name is lost. A settlement called Cannostee or Cannastion is mentioned as existing on Hiwassee river in 1776. Seenumber 82and notes.kanâ′talu′hĭ—hominy cooked with walnut kernels.Kana′tĭ— “Lucky Hunter”; a masculine name, sometimes abbreviatedKanat′. The word can not be analyzed, but is used as a third person habitual verbal form to mean “he is lucky, or successful, in hunting”; the opposite isuʻkwa′legû, “unlucky, or unsuccessful, in hunting.” Seenumber 3.kanegwâ′tĭ—the water-moccasin snake.Kănu′ga—also written Canuga; a Lower Cherokee settlement, apparently on the waters of Keowee river in South Carolina, destroyed in 1761; also a traditional settlement on Pigeon river, probably near the present Waynesville, in Haywood county, North Carolina. Seenumber 81and notes. The name signifies “a scratcher,” a sort of bone-toothed comb with which ball-players are scratched upon their naked skin preliminary to applying the conjured medicine;de′tsinuga′skû, “I am scratching it.”kănugû′ʻlă (abbreviatednugû′ʻla)—“scratcher,” a generic term for the blackberry, raspberry, and other brier bushes. Cf.Kănu′ga.Kănu′gûʻlâyĭ, or Kănu′gûʻlûñ′yĭ—“Brier place,” fromkănu′gû′ʻlâ, brier (cf.Kănu′ga); a Cherokee settlement formerly on Nantahala river, about the mouth of Briertown creek, in Macon county, North Carolina.kănûñ′năwû′—pipe.Kâsdu′yĭ—“Ashes place,” fromkâsdu, ashes, andyĭ, the locative. A modern Cherokee name for the town of Asheville, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. The ancient name for the same site isUnta′kiyasti′yĭ, q.v.Katâl′stă—an East Cherokee woman potter, the daughter of the chief Yânăgûñ′skĭ. The name conveys the idea of lending, fromtsiyâtâl′stă, “I lend it”;agatâl′stă, “it is lent to him.”Kăwân′-urâ′sûnyĭ (abbreviatedKăwân′-urâ′sûñin the Lower dialect)—“Where the duck fell” fromkăwâ′nă, duck,urâ′să(ulâ′să), “it fell,” andyĭ, locative. Apoint on Conneross creek (fromKăwân′-urâ′sûñ), near Seneca, in Oconee county, South Carolina. Seenumber 123.Kawi′yĭ (abbreviatedKawi′)—a former important Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Cowee, about the mouth of Cowee creek of Little Tennessee river, some 10 miles below Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina. The name may possibly be a contraction ofAni′-Kawi′yĭ, “Place of the Deer clan.”Keeowhee—seeKeowee.Kenesaw—seeGănsâ′gĭ.Keowee—the name of two or more former Cherokee settlements. One, sometimes distinguished as “Old Keowee,” the principal of the Lower Cherokee towns, was on the river of the same name, near the present Fort George, in Oconee county, South Carolina. Another, distinguished as New Keowee, was on the headwaters of Twelve-mile creek, in Pickens county, South Carolina. According to Wafford the correct form isKuwâhi′yĭ, abbreviatedKuwâhi′, “Mulberry-grove place”; says Wafford, “The whites murdered the name, as they always do.” Cf.Kuwâ′hĭ.Ke′sĭ-ka′gămû—a woman’s name, a Cherokee corruption of Cassie Cockram;ka′gămûis also the Cherokee corruption for “cucumber.”Ketoowah—seeKĭtu′hwă.Kittuwa—seeKĭtu′hwă.Kĭtu′hwă—An important ancient Cherokee settlement formerly upon Tuckasegee river, and extending from above the junction of Oconaluftee down nearly to the present Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. The name, which appears also as Kettooah, Kittoa, Kittowa, etc., has lost its meaning. The people of this and the subordinate settlements on the waters of the Tuckasegee were known asAni′-Kĭtu′hwagĭand the name was frequently extended to include the whole tribe. For this reason it was adopted in later times as the name of the Cherokee secret organization, commonly known to the whites as the Ketoowah society, pledged to the defense of Cherokee autonomy. See also historical notes 1 and 47.kiyuʻga—ground-squirrel;te′wa, flying squirrel;sălâ′lĭ, gray squirrel.Klausuna—seeTlanusi′yĭ.Knoxville—seeKuwandâ′tâʻlûñ′yĭ.kû!—an introductory exclamation, to fix attention, about equivalent to “Now!”kukû′—“cymling”; also the “jigger weed,” or “pleurisy root” (Asclepias tuberosa). Coco creek of Hiwassee river, and Coker postoffice, in Monroe county Tennessee, derive their name from this word.Kûlsetsi′yĭ (abbreviatedKûlse′tsi)—“Honey-locust place,” fromkûlse′tsĭ, honey-locust (Gleditschia) andyĭlocative; as the same word,kûlse′tsĭ, is also used for “sugar,” the local name has commonly been rendered Sugartown by the traders. The name of several former settlement places in the old Cherokee country. One was upon Keowee river, near the present Fall creek, in Oconee county, South Carolina; another was on Sugartown or Cullasagee (Kûlse′tsi) creek, near the present Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; a third was on Sugartown creek, near the present Morganton, in Fannin county, Georgia.Kunnesee—seeTsi′yu-gûnsi′nĭ.Kûnstûtsi′yĭ—“Sassafras place,” fromkûnstû′tsĭ, sassafras, andyĭ, locative. A gap in the Great Smoky range, about the head of Noland creek, on the line between North Carolina and Sevier county, Tennessee.kûnu′nŭ (abbreviatedkûnun′)—the bullfrog; the name is probably an onomatope; the common green frog iswalâ′sĭand there are also names for several other varieties of frogs and toads.Kusă′—Coosa creek, an upper tributary of Nottely river, near Blairsville, Union county, Georgia. The change of accent from Ku′să (Creek, seeAni′-Ku′sa) makes it locative. See page383.Ku′să-nûñnâ′hĭ—“Creek trail,” fromKu′să, Creek Indian, andnûñnâ′hĭ, path, trail; cf.Suwâ′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ. A former important Cherokee settlement, including also a number of Creeks and Shawano, where the trail from the Ohio region to the Creek country crossed Tennessee river, at the present Guntersville, in Marshall county, Alabama. It was known to the traders as Creek-path, and later as Gunter’s landing, from a Cherokee mixed-blood named Gunter.Ku′săweti′yĭ (abbreviatedKu′săweti′)—“Old Creek place,” fromKu′să, a Creek Indian (pluralAni′-Ku′sa),uwe′tĭ, old, andyĭ, locative. Coosawatee, an important Cherokee settlement formerly on the lower part of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Georgia. In one document the name appears, by error, Tensawattee. See page382.Kuwâ′hĭ—“Mulberry place,” fromku′wă, mulberry tree, andhĭ, locative; Clingman’s dome, about the head of Deep creek, on the Great Smoky range, between Swain county, North Carolina, and Sevier county, Tennessee. See alsoKeowee.Kuwandâ′taʻlûñ′yĭ (abbreviatedKuwandâ′taʻlûñ)—“Mulberry grove,” fromku′wă, mulberry; the Cherokee name for the present site of Knoxville, in Knox county, Tennessee.Kwa′lĭ, Kwalûñ′yĭ—Qualla or Quallatown, the former agency for the East Cherokee and now a postoffice station, just outside the reservation, on a branch of Soco creek, in Jackson county, North Carolina. It is the Cherokee form for “Polly,” and the station was so called from an old woman of that name who formerly lived near by;Kwa′lĭ, “Polly,”Kwalûñ′yĭ, “Polly’s place.” The reservation is locally known as the Qualla boundary.kwandăya′hû—seeda′lĭkstă′.lâ′lû—the jar-fly (Cicada auletes). Seenumber 59.Little Carpenter,Little Cornplanter—seeĂtă′-gûlʻkălû.Lloyd—seeDa′siʻgiya′gĭ.Long-hair—a Cherokee chief living with his band in Ohio in 1795. See page79. The literal Cherokee translation of “Long-hair” isGitlû′-gûnăhi′ta, but it is not certain that the English name is a correct rendering of the Indian form. Cf.Ani′-Gilâ′hĭ.Long island—seeĂmăyeʻlĭ-gûnăhi′ta.Lookout Mountain town—seeDanda′gănû′.Lowrey, Major George—seeAgiʻlĭ.Mayes, J. B.—seeTsâ′wă Gak′skĭ.Memphis—seeTsudâ′tălesûñ′yĭ.Mialaquo—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwa.Morgan—seeÂganstâ′ta.Moses—seeWă′sĭ.Moytoy—a Cherokee chief recognized by the English as “emperor” in 1730. Both the correct form and the meaning of the name are uncertain; the name occurs again asMoyatoyin a document of 1792; a boy upon the East Cherokee reservation a few years ago bore the name of Ma′tayĭ′, for which no meaning can be given.Muscle shoals—seeDăgû′nâhĭ.Nacoochee—seeNa′guʻtsĭ′.Na′dûʻlĭ′—known to the whites as Nottely. A former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river, close to the Georgia line, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The name cannot be translated and has no connection withnaʻtûʻlĭ, “spicewood.”Naguʻtsĭ′—a former important settlement about the junction of Soquee and Santee rivers, in Nacoochee valley, at the head of Chattahoochee river, in Habersham county, Georgia. The meaning of the word is lost and it is doubtful if it be ofCherokee origin. It may have some connection with the name of the Uchee Indians. The great mound farther up Sautee river, in White county, was known to the Cherokee asItsâ′tĭ, q. v.năkwĭsĭ′ (abbreviatednăkwʻsĭ)—star; also the meadow lark.năkwĭsĭ′usdi′—“little star”; the puff ball fungus (Lycoperdon?).Nâ′nă-tluʻgûñ′yĭ (abbreviatedNâ′nă-tluʻgûñ′, orNâ′nă-tsuʻgûñ′)—“Spruce-tree place,” fromnâ′nă, spruce,tluʻgûñ′ĭortsuʻgûñ′ĭ, a tree (standing) andyĭ, locative. 1. A traditional ancient Cherokee settlement on the site of Jonesboro, Washington county, Tennessee. The name of Nolichucky river is probably a corruption of the same word. 2.Nână-tsuʻgûñ, a place on Nottely river, close to its junction with Hiwassee, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.Nanehi—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.Nantahala—seeNûñdăye′ʻlĭ.Nashville—seeDagû′năwe′lâhĭ.Natchez—seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ.Naʻts-asûñ′tlûñyĭ (abbreviatedNaʻts-asûñ′tlûñ)—“Pine-footlog place,” fromnaʻtsĭ, pine,asûñ′tlĭorasûñtlûñ′ĭ, footlog, bridge, andyĭ, locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Pinelog, on the creek of the same name, in Bartow county, Georgia.naʻtsĭ—pine.na′tsĭkû′—“I eat it” (tsĭ′kiû′, “I am eating”).naʻtûʻlĭ—spicewood (Lindera benzoin).Nayĕ′hĭ—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.Nayunuwi—seeNûñyunu′wĭ.nehanduyanû′—a song form fornehadu′yanû′, an irregular verbal form denoting “conceived in the womb.” Seenumber 75.Nellawgitehi—given as the name of a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684. See page31. The correct form and meaning are both uncertain, but the final part seems to be the common suffixdihĭ′—, “killer,” Cf.Ta′gwădihĭ′.Nenetooyah—seeIskagua.Nequassee—seeNĭ′kwăsĭ′.Nettecawaw—seegatayû′stĭ.Nettle-carrier—seeTâle′danigi′skĭ.New Echota,Newtown—seeItsâ′tĭ.Nickajack—seeNĭkutse′gĭ.Nicotani—seeAni′-Kuta′nĭ.Nĭkwăsĭ′ (orNikwʼsĭ′)—an important ancient settlement on Little Tennessee river, where now is the town of Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina. A large mound marks the site of the townhouse. The name appears in old documents as Nequassee, Nucassee, etc. Its meaning is lost.Nĭkutse′gĭ (alsoNûkătse′gĭ,Nikwătse′gĭ, or abbreviatedNĭkutseg′)—Nickajack, an important Cherokee settlement about 1790 on the south bank of Tennessee river at the entrance of Nickajack creek, in Marion county, Tennessee. One of the five Chickamauga towns (seeTsĭkăma′gĭ). The meaning of the word is lost and it is probably not of Cherokee origin, although it occurs also in the tribe as a man’s name. In the corrupted form of “Nigger Jack,” it occurs also as the name of a creek of Cullasagee river above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina.Nilaque—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwă.Nolichucky—seeNâ′nătluʻgûñ′yĭ.Notchy—a creek entering Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee. The name evidently refers to Natchez Indian refugees, who formerly lived in the vicinity (seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ).Nottely—seeNa′dûʻlĭ′.nû—used as a suffix to denote “and,” or “also”;û′lĕ-ʻnû, “and also”;na′skiʻ-nû′, “and that,” “that also.”Nucassee—seeNĭkwăsĭ′.nu′dûñnelû′—he didso and so; an irregular form apparently connected with the archaic formsadûñni′ga, “it has just become so,” andudûñnû′, “it is matured, or finished.” Seenumber 118.nûñ′dă′—the sun or moon, distinguished asnûñ′dă′ igĕ′hĭ, “nûñ′dã′dwelling in the day,” andnûñ′dă′ sûñnâ′yĕhĭ, “nûñ′dă′dwelling in the night.” In the sacred formulas the moon is sometimes calledGeʻyăgu′ga, q. v., orSu′tălidihĭ′, “Six-killer,” names apparently founded upon myths now lost.nûñ′dă′-dikaʻnĭ—a rare bird formerly seen occasionally in the old Cherokee country, possibly the little blue heron (Floridus cerulea). The name seems to mean “it looks at the sun,” i. e., “sun-gazer,” fromnûñ′dă′, sun, andda′kaʻnă′ordetsi′kaʻnă, “I am looking at it.” Seenumber 35.Nûñ′dâgûñ′yĭ, Nûñdâ′yĭ—the Sun land, or east; fromnûñdă′, sun, andyĭ, locative. Used in the sacred formulas instead ofdi′gălûñgûñ′yĭ, “where it rises,” the common word.Nûñ′dăyeʻlĭ—“Middle (i. e. Noonday) sun,” fromnûñdă′, sun andayeʻlĭ, middle; a former Cherokee settlement on Nantahala river, near the present Jarrett station, in Macon county, North Carolina, so called from the high cliffs which shut out the view of the sun until nearly noon. The name appears also as Nantahala, Nantiyallee, Nuntialla, etc. It appears to have been applied properly only to the point on the river where the cliffs are most perpendicular, while the settlement itself was known asKanu′gûʻlâ′yĭ, “Briertown,” q. v. Seenumber 122.Nugătsa′nĭ—a ridge sloping down to Oconaluftee river, below Cherokee, in Swain county, North Carolina. The word is an archaic form denoting a high ridge with a long gradual slope. Seenumber 122.nûñ′gĭ′—four. Seehĭ′skĭ.nugûʻla—seekănugûʻla.Nuhnayie—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.nu′nă—potato; the name was originally applied to the wild “pig potato” (Phaseolus), now distinguished asnu′nă igâtĕhĭ, “swamp-dwelling potato.”Nûndăwe′gĭ—seeAni′-Nûndăwe′gĭ.nûñnâ′hĭ (abbreviatednûñnâ)—a path, trail or road.Nûñnâ′hĭ-dihĭ′ (abbreviatedNûñ′nâ-dihĭ′)—“Path-killer,” literally, “He kills (habitually) in the path,” fromnûñ′nâhĭ, path, andahihĭ, “he kills” (habitually); “I am killing,”tsi′ihû′. A principal chief, about the year 1813. Major John Ridge was originally known by the same name, but afterward took the name,Gûnûñ′daʻle′gĭ, “One who follows the ridge,” which the whites made simply Ridge.Nûnnâ′hĭ-tsune′ga (abbreviated)Nûñnâ-tsune′ga—“White-path,” fromnûñnâ′hĭ, path, andtsune′ga, plural ofune′ga, white; the form is in the plural, as is common in Indian names, and has probably a symbolic reference to the “white” or peaceful paths spoken of in the opening invocation at the Green corn dance. A noted chief who led the conservative party about 1828. See pages113,132.Nûñnĕ′hĭ (alsoGûñnĕ′hĭ; singularNayĕ′hĭ)—a race of invisible spirit people. The name is derived from the verbĕ′hû′, “I dwell, I live,”ĕ′hĭ′, “I dwell habitually,” and may be rendered “dwellers anywhere,” or “those who live anywhere,” but implies having always been there, i. e., “Immortals.” It has been spelledNanehiandNuhnayieby different writers. The singular formNayĕ′hĭoccurs also as a personal name, about equivalent toEdă′hĭ, “One who goes about.” Seenumber 78.nuniyu′stĭ—“potato-like,” fromnu′nă, potato, andiyu′stĭ, like. A flowering vine with tuberous root somewhat resembling the potato. Seenumber 126.nûñyû′—rock, stone. Cf.nâyŭ, sandNûñyû′-gûñwani′skĭ—“Rock that talks,” fromnûñyû′, rock, andtsiwa′nihû, “I am talking.” A rock from which Talking-rock creek of Coosawatee river in Georgia derives its name. Seenumber 125.Nûñ′yunu′wĭ—contracted fromNûñyû-unu′wĭ. “Stone-clad,” fromnûñyû, rock, andagwănu′wû, “I am clothed or covered.” A mythic monster, invulnerable by reason of his stony skin. Seenumber 67. The name is also applied sometimes to the stinging ant,dasûñtâlĭ atatsûñskĭ, q. v. It has also been spelledNayunuwi.Nûñyû′-tluʻgûñĭ (orNûñyû-tsuʻgûñ′ĭ)—“Tree rock.” A notable rock on Hiwassee river, just within the North Carolina line. Seenumber 66and notes.Nûñyû′-tăwi′skă—“Slick rock,” fromnûñyû′, rock, andtăwiskă, smooth, slick; the form remains unchanged for the locative. 1. Slick-rock creek, entering Little Tennessee river just within the west line of Graham county, North Carolina. 2. A place at the extreme head of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia.Ocoee—seeUwagâ′hĭ.Oconaluftee—seeEgwânulʻtĭ.Oconee—seeUkwû′nû.Oconostota—seeÂganstâ′ta.Old Tassel—seeUtsi′dsătă′.Ooltewah—seeUltiwâ′ĭ.Oolunsade—seeUlûñsû′tĭ.Oostanaula—seeU stăna′lĭ.Oostinaleh—seeU stăna′lĭ.Oothcaloga—seeUyʻgilâ′gĭ.Otacite,Otassite—seeOutacity.Otari,Otariyatiqui—mentioned as a place, apparently on the Cherokee frontier, visited by Pardo in 1567. Otari seems to be the Cherokeeâtărĭorâtălĭ, mountain, but the rest of the word is doubtful. See page28.Ottare—seeâ′tălĭ.Owasta—given as the name of a Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page31.Ougillogy—seeUyʻgilâ′gĭ.Outacity—given in documents as the name or title of a prominent Cherokee chief about 1720. It appears also as Otacite, Otassite, Outassatah, Wootassite and Wrosetasatow (!), but the form cannot be identified, although it seems to contain the personal name suffixdihĭ′, “killer.” Timberlake says (page 71): “There are some other honorary titles among them, conferred in reward of great actions; the first of which is Outacity or Man-killer, and the second Colona or the Raven.”Outassatah—seeOutacity.Owassa—seeAyuhwa′sĭ.Paint-town—seeAni′-Wâ′dihĭ′.Path-killer—seeNûñnâ′hi-dihĭ′.Phœnix, Cherokee—seeTsule′hisanûñ′hĭ.Pigeon River—seeWâyĭ.Pine Indians—seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ.Pinelog—seeNaʻts-asûñ′tlûñyĭ.Qualatchee—a former Cherokee settlement on the headwaters of the Chattahoochee river in Georgia; another of the same name was upon the waters of Keowee river in South Carolina. The correct form is unknown.Qualla—seeKwalĭ.Quaxule—seeGuaxule.Quinahaqui—a place, possibly in the Cherokee country, visited by Pardo in 1567. The form cannot be identified. See page28.Quoneashee—seeTlanusi′yĭ.Rattlesnake springs—seeUtsanătiyĭ.Rattling-gourd—seeGănsĕʻtĭ.Raventown—seeKâlănûñ′yĭ.Red Clay—seeElăwâ′diyĭ.Reid, Jesse—seeTse′si-Ska′tsĭ.Ridge, Major John—seeNûñnâ′hĭ-dihĭ.Ross, John—seeGu′wisguwĭ′.Ross’ landing—seeTsatănu′gĭ.Sadayĭ′—a feminine name, the proper name of the woman known to the whites as Annie Ax; it cannot be translated.Sâgwâ′hĭ, or Sâgwûñ′yĭ—“One place,” fromsâ′gwû, one, andhĭoryĭ, locative. Soco creek of Oconaluftee river, on the East Cherokee reservation, in Jackson county, North Carolina. No satisfactory reason is given for the name, which has its parallel inTsâskâ′hĭ, “Thirty place,” a local name in Cherokee county, in the same state.sâ′gwălĭ′, horse; fromasâgwâlihû, a pack or burden,asâgwŭllû′; “there is a pack on him.”sâ′gwălĭ dĭgû′lanăhi′ta—mule; literally “long eared horse,” fromsâ′gwălĭ, horse, anddigû′lanăhi′ta, q. v.Sâkwi′yĭ (orSuki′yĭ; abbreviatedSâkwi′orSuki′)—a former settlement on Soquee river, a head-stream ofChattahoochee, near Clarkesville, Habersham county, Georgia. Also written Saukee and Sookee. The name has lost its meaning.sălâ′lĭ—squirrel; the common gray squirrel; other varieties arekiyuʻga, the ground squirrel, andtewa, the flying squirrel.Sălâ′lĭwas also the name of an East Cherokee inventor who died a few years ago;Sălâ′lăni′ta, “Young-squirrels,” is a masculine personal name on the reservation.săligu′gĭ—turtle, the common water turtle; soft-shell turtle,uʻlănă′wă; land tortoise or terrapin,tûksĭ′.sălikwâ′yĭ—bear-grass (Eryngium); also the greensnake, on account of a fancied resemblance; the name of a former Cherokee settlement on Sallacoa creek of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Georgia.Sa′nigilâ′gĭ (abbreviatedSanʻgilâ′gĭ)—Whiteside mountain, a prominent peak of the Blue ridge, southeast from Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina. It is connected with the tradition of Uʻtlûñ′ta (seenumber 66and notes).Santeetla—the present map name of a creek joining Cheowa river in Graham county, North Carolina, and of a smaller tributary (Little Santeetla). The name is not recognized or understood by the Cherokee, who insist that it was given by the whites. Little Santeetla is known to the Cherokee asTsundaʻnilti′yĭ, q. v.; the main Santeetla creek is commonly known asNâgu′hĭ geyûñ′ĭ, “Sand-place stream,” fromNûyu′hiĭ, “Sand place” (nâyŭ, sand), a former settlement just above the junction of the two creeks.Sara—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.sa′sa′—goose; an onomatope.Sautee—seeItsâ′tĭ.Savannah—the popular name of this river is derived from that of the Shawano Indians, formerly living upon its middle course, and known to the Cherokee asAni′-Sawănu′gĭ, q. v., to the Creeks asSavanuka, and to some of the coast tribesof Carolina asSavanna. In old documents the river is also calledIsundiga, fromIʻsû′nigûorSeneca, q. v., an important former Cherokee settlement upon its upper waters. Seenumber 99.Sawănu′gĭ—“Shawano” (Indian); a masculine personal name upon the East Cherokee reservation and prominent in the history of the band. SeeAnĭ′-Sawănu′gĭandKâ′lahû′.Sawnook—seeKâ′lahû′.Sehwate′yĭ—“Hornet place,”fromse′hwatû, hornet, andyĭ, locative. Cheowa Maximum and Swim bald, adjoining bald peaks at the head of Cheowa river, Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.selu—corn; sometimes called in the sacred formulasAgawe′la, “The Old Woman.” Seenumber 126.sel-utsĭ′ (forselu-utsĭ′)—“corn’s mother,” fromselu, corn andutsĭ′, his mother (etsĭ′oragitsĭ′, my mother); the bead-corn or Job’s-tears (Coix lacryma). Seenumber 126.Seneca—seeAni′-Nûn′dăwe′gĭ(Seneca tribe), andIʻsû′nigû, (Seneca town).Sequatchee—seeSĭ′gwetsĭ′.Sequoya—seeSikwâyĭ.Sĕʻtsĭ—a mound and traditional Cherokee settlement on the south side of Valley river, about three miles below Valleytown, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; the name has lost its meaning. Seenumber 79. A settlement calledTăsĕʻtsĭ(Tassetchiein some old documents) existed on the extreme head of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia.Sevier—seeTsan′-usdi′.Shoe-boots—seeDa′siʻgiya′gĭ.Shooting creek—seeDu′stăyaʻlûñy′yĭ.Sĭ′gwetsĭ′—a traditional Cherokee settlement on the south bank of the French Broad river, not far from Knoxville, Knox county, Tennessee. Near by was the quarry from which it is said the stone for the white peace pipes was obtained. Seenumber 111and notes. Sequatchee, the name of the river below Chattanooga, in Tennessee, is probably a corruption of the same word.sĭ′kwă—hog; originally the name of the opossum, now distinguished assĭ′kwă utset′stĭ, q. v.sĭ′kwă utset′stĭ—opossum: literally “grinning hog,” fromsĭ′kwă, hog, andutset′stĭ, “he grins (habitually).” Cf.sĭkwă.Sikwâ′yĭ—a masculine name, commonly written Sequoya, made famous as that of the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet. See page108. The name, which can not be translated, is still in use upon the East Cherokee reservation.Sikwi′ă—a masculine name, the Cherokee corruption for Sevier. See alsoTsan-usdi′.sinnawah—seetlă′nuwă.Sĭ′tikû′ (orsû′tăgû′, in dialectic form)—a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river at the entrance of Citico creek, in Monroe county, Tennessee. The name, which can not be translated, is commonly spelled Citico, but appears also as Sattiquo, Settico, Settacoo, Sette, Sittiquo, etc.siyu′—seeâ′siyu′.skĭntâ′—forskĭn′tâgû′, understood to mean “put a new tooth into my jaw.” The word can not be analyzed, but is derived fromgăntkă′(gantaʻgăin a dialectic form) a tooth in place; a tooth detached iskăyuʻgă. Seenumber 15.Skwan′-digûʻgûñ′yî (forAskwan′-digûʻgûñ′yĭ)—“Where the Spaniard is in the water [or other liquid]”. A place on Upper Soco creek, on the reservation in Jackson county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Slick rock—seeNûñyû′-tăwi′skă.Smith, N. J.—seeTsalădihĭ′.Snowbird—seeTuti′yĭ.Soco creek—seeSâgwâ′hĭ.Soco gap—seeĂhălu′na.Soquee—seeSâkwi′yĭ.Spray, H. W.—seeWĭlsĭnĭ′.Spring-Frog—seeDu′stu′.Standing Indian—seeYûñwĭ-tsulenûñ′yĭ.Stand Watie—seeDe′gatâgă.Stekoa—seeStikâ′yĭ.ste′tsi—your daughter; literally, your offspring;agwe′tsĭ, “my offspring”;uwe′tsĭ, “his offspring”; to distinguish sex it is necessary to addasga′ya, “man” orage′hya, “woman.”Stikâ′yĭ (variously spelled Stecoe, Steecoy, Stekoah, Stickoey, etc.)—the name of several former Cherokee settlements: 1. On Sticoa creek, near Clayton, Rabun county,Georgia; 2. on Tuckasegee river at the old Thomas homestead just above the present Whittier, in Swain county, North Carolina; 3. on Stekoa creek of Little Tennessee river, a few miles below the junction of Nantahala, in Graham county, North Carolina. The word has lost its meaning.Stringfield—seeTlâge′sĭ.stugi′stĭ, stui′stĭ—a key; see page187and underAstu′gatâ′ga.Suck, The—seeÛñ′tiguhĭ′.Sugartown—seeKûlse′tsi′yĭ.sû′năwă′—seetlă′nuwă.sûnĕstlâ′tă—“split noses”; seetsunûʻliyû′ sûnĕstlâ′tă.sûñgĭ—mink; also onion; the name seems to refer to a smell; the various mints are called generically,gawʻsûñ′gĭ. Seenumber 29.Suki′yĭ—another form ofSâkwi′yĭ, q.v.su′lĭ′—buzzard; the Creek name is the same.Sun land—seeNûñ′dă′yĭ.su′-să′-sai′—an unmeaning song refrain. Seenumber 66.su′tălidihĭ′—seenûñ′dă′.Suwa′li—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.Suwa′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ (abbreviatedSuwa′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ)—“Suwali trail,” the proper name for the gap at the head of Swannanoa (fromSuwa′lĭ-Nûñ′nâ) river, east of Asheville, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. Cf.Ku′să-nûñnâ′hĭ. See pages194and379, alsoAni′-Suwa′lĭ.Suwaʻnĭ—a former Cherokee settlement on Chattahoochee river, about the present Suwanee, in Gwinnett county, Georgia. The name has no meaning in the Cherokee language and is said to be of Creek origin. See page382.Suye′ta—“The Chosen One,” fromasuye′ta, “he is chosen,”gasu′yeû, “I am choosing”; the same form,suye′ta, could also mean mixed, fromgasu′yăhû, “I am mixing it.” A masculine name, at present borne by a prominent ex-chief and informant upon the East Cherokee reservation.Swannanoa—seeSuwa′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ.Swim bald—seeSehwate′yĭ.Swimmer—seeAʻyûñ′inĭ.tadeyâ′statakûhĭ′—“we shall see each other.” Seenumber 75.Tae-keo-ge—seeTaʻski′gĭ.ta′gû—the June-bug (Allorhina nitida), also calledtu′ya-dĭskalawʼsti′skĭ, “one who keeps fire under the beans.” Seenumber 59.Ta′gwa—seeAni′ta′gwa.Ta′gwădihĭ′ (abbreviatedTa′gwădi′)—“Catawba-killer,” fromAta′gwaorTa′gwa, Catawba Indian, anddihihĭ, “he kills them” (habitually) fromtsi′ihû′,“I kill.” An old masculine personal name, still in use upon the East Cherokee reservation. It was the proper name of the chief known to the whites about 1790 as “The Glass,” from a confusion of this name withadakĕ′ʻtĭ, glass, or mirror.Tagwâ′hĭ—“Catawba place,” fromAta′gwaorTa′gwa, Catawba Indian, andhĭ, locative. A name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country. A settlement of this name, known to the whites as Toccoa, was upon Toccoa creek, east of Clarkesville, in Habersham county, Georgia; another was upon Toccoa or Ocoee river, about the present Toccoa, in Fannin county, Georgia; a third may have been on Persimmon creek, which is known to the Cherokee asTagwâ′hĭ, and enters Hiwassee river some distance below Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.Tahkeyostee—seeUnta′kiyasti′yĭ.Tahlequah—seeTălikwă′.Tahchee—seeTătsĭ′.Takatoka—seeDe′gătâ′gă.tă′lădŭ′ (abbreviatedtăldŭ′)—twelve, fromtă′lĭ, two. Cf.tăla′tŭ, cricket.Tăʻlasĭ′—a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, about Talassee ford, in Blount county, Tennessee. The name has lost its meaning.Talassee—seeTăʻlasĭ′.tăla′tŭ—cricket; sometimes also calleddita′staye′skĭ(q. v.), “the barber.” Cf.tă′lădŭ′, twelve.Tâle′danigi′skĭ (Utâle′danigi′sĭ, in a dialectic form)—variously rendered by the whites “Hemp-carrier,” “Nettle-carrier” or “Flax-toter,” fromtâle′taorutâle′ta, flax (Linum) or rich weed (Pilea pumila), anddanigi′skĭ, “he carries them (habitually).” A former prominent chief on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. Seenumber 95and notes.Talihina—given as the name of the Cherokee wife of Samuel Houston; the form cannot be identified. See page223.Tălikwă′ (commonly written Tellico, Telliquo or, in the Indian Territory, Tahlequah)—the name of several Cherokee settlements at different periods, viz: 1. Great Tellico, at Tellico Plains, on Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee; 2. Little Tellico, on Tellico creek of Little Tennessee river, about ten miles below Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; 3. a town on Valley river, about five miles above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; 4. Tahlequah, established as the capital of the Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory, in 1839. The meaning of the name is lost.Tali′wă—the site of a traditional battle between the Cherokee and Creeks about 1755, on Mountain (?) creek of Etowah river in upper Georgia. Probably not a Cherokee but a Creek name from the Creekta′luaorita′lua, town. See pages38and384–385.Talking-rock—seeNûñyû′-gûñwani′skĭ.Tallulah—seeTălulŭ′.Tăl-tsu′skă′— “Two-heads,” fromtă′lĭ, two, andtsu′skă′, plural ofuskă′, (his) head. A Cherokee chief about the year 1800, known to the whites as Doublehead.talulĭ—pregnant; whencealulĭ′, (she is) a mother, said of a woman.Tălulŭ′ (commonly written Tallulah, and appearing in old documents, from the Lower dialect, as Taruraw, Toruro, Turoree, etc.)—a name occurring in two or more places in the old Cherokee country, viz: 1. An ancient settlement on the upper part of Tallulah river, in Rabun county, Georgia; 2. a town on Tallulah creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. The word is of uncertain etymology. Thedulu′sĭfrog is said to crytălulŭ′. Seenumber 125. The noted falls upon Tallulah river are known to the Cherokee asUgûñ′yĭ, q. v.
ginûnti—a song form forginû′tiĭ′, “to lay him (animate object) upon the ground.” Seenumber 75.giʻrĭ′—seegiʻlĭ′.Gisehûñ′yĭ—“Where the female lives,” fromagi′sĭ, female, andyĭ, the locative. A place on Tuckasegee river, a short distance above Bryson City, Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.gitlû′—hair (Upper dialect); in the Middle and Lower dialects,gitsû′.gitsû′—seegitlû′.Glass, The—seeTa′gwădihi′.Gohoma—A Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page31.Going-snake—seeI′nădûna′ĭ.Gorhaleke—a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page31.Great island—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwa.Gregory bald—seeTsistu′yĭ.Guachoule—seeGuaxule.Guaquili(Wakili)—a town in the Cherokee country, visited by De Soto in 1540, and again in 1567 by Pardo, who calls it Aguaquiri (see pages25and28). The name may have a connection withwagulĭ′, “whippoorwill,” or withu-)wâ′giʻlĭ, “foam.”Guasula—seeGuaxule.Guasili—seeGuaxule.Guaxule—a town in the Cherokee country, visited by De Soto in 1540; variously spelled in the narratives, Guasili, Guachoule, Guasula, Guaxule, Quaxule, etc. It was probably about at Nacoochee mound, in White county, Georgia. It has been suggested that the Spaniards may have changed the Indian name to resemble that of a town in Spain. See pages26and194.gû′daye′wû—“I have sewed myself together”; “I am sewing,”tsiye′wiă′; “I am sewing myself together,”gûdayewiû. Seenumber 31.gŭgwĕ′ (orgʻgwĕ′)—the quail or partridge; the name is an onomatope.gŭgwĕ′-ulasu′la—“partridge moccasin,” fromgŭgwĕ′orgʻgwĕ′, partridge, andulasula, moccasin or shoe; the ladyslipper (Cypripedium).Gûlâhi′yĭ (abbreviatedGûlâhi′, orGûrâhi′, in the Lower dialect)—“Gûlâ′hĭ place,” so called from an unidentified spring plant eaten as a salad by the Cherokee. The name of two or more places in the old Cherokee country; one about Currahee mountain in Habersham county, Georgia, the other on Cullowhee river, an upper branch of Tuckasegee, in Jackson county, North Carolina. Currahee Dick was a noted chief about the year 1820.Gû′lani′yĭ—a Cherokee and Natchez settlement formerly about the junction of Brasstown creek with Hiwassee river, a short distance above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The etymology of the word is doubtful.gulĕ′—acorn.gûlĕ′-diskaʻnihĭ′—the turtle-dove; literally, “it cries, or mourns, for acorns,” fromgulĕ′, acorn, anddiskaʻnihĭ′, “it cries for them” (di-, plural prefix,-hi, habitual suffix). The turtle-dove feeds upon acorns and its cry somewhat resembles the name,gulĕ′.gûle′gĭ—“climber,” fromtsilahĭ′, “I climb” (second person,hĭ′lahĭ′; third person,gûlahĭ′); the blacksnake (Bascanion constrictor).Gûlʻkăla′skĭ—An earlier name forTsunu′lăhûñ′skĭ, q. v.gûlʻkwâ′gĭ—seven; also the mole-cricket (Gryllotalpa). Seenumber 59.gûlʻkwâ′gine(-ĭ—seventh; fromgûlʻkwâgĭ, seven.Gûlsădihĭ′ (orGûltsădihĭ′?)—a masculine personal name, of uncertain etymology.Gumlog—seeTsilalu′hĭ.gûnăhi′ta—long.Gû′năhitûñ′yĭ—“Long place” (i.e., Long valley), fromgûnăhita, long, andyĭ, locative. A former settlement, known to the whites as Valleytown, where now is the town of the same name, on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The various settlements on Valley river and the adjacent part of Hiwassee were known collectively as the “Valley towns.”Gûn′-dĭ′gaduhûñ′yĭ (abbreviatedGûn′-dĭgadu′hûñ)—“Turkey settlement” (gû′nă, turkey), so called from the chief, Turkey or Little Turkey. A former settlement, known to the whites as Turkeytown, upon the west bank of Coosa river, opposite the present Center, in Cherokee county, Alabama.gû′nî′—arrow. Cf. Senecagaʼnaʼ.gûñ′năge′ĭ (orgûñ′năge)—black.Gûñnĕ′hĭ—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.Gûñskăli′skĭ—a masculine personal name of uncertain etymology.Gunters landing,Guntersville—seeKu′să-Nûñnâ′hĭ.Gûn-tsuskwa′ʻlĭ—“Short arrows,” fromgûnĭ′, arrow, andtsuskwa′ʻlĭ, plural ofuskwa′ʻlĭ, short; a traditional western tribe. Seenumber 105.Gûnûñ′daʻle′gĭ—seeNûñnâ′hĭ-dihĭ′.Gustĭ′—a traditional Cherokee settlement on Tennessee river, near Kingston, Roane county, Tennessee. Seenumber 79. The name cannot be analyzed. Wafford thought it a Cherokee attempt at “Kingston,” but it seems rather to be aboriginal.Gu′wisguwĭ′—The Cherokee name for the chief John Ross and for the district named in his honor, commonly spelled Cooweescoowee. Properly an onomatope for a large bird said to have been seen formerly at infrequent intervals in the old Cherokee country, accompanying the migratory wild geese, and described as resembling a large snipe, with yellow legs and unwebbed feet. In boyhood John Ross was known as Tsan′-usdi′, “Little John.”Gwalʻgâ′hĭ—“Frog place,” fromgwalʻgû, a variety of frog, andhĭ, locative. A place on Hiwassee river, just above the junction of Peachtree creek, near Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; about 1755 the site of a village of refugee Natchez, and later of a Baptist mission.gwehe′!—a cricket’s cry. Seenumber 119.ha!—an introductory exclamation intended to attract attention or add emphasis; about equivalent toHere! Now!ha′-ma′ma′—a song term compounded ofha!an introductory exclamation, andmămă′, a word which has no analysis, but is used in speaking to young children to mean “let me carry you on my back.” Seenumber 117.Hanging-maw—seeUskwâ′li-gû′tă.ha′nia-lĭl′-lĭl′—an unmeaning dance refrain. Seenumber 24.Hard-mush—seeGatûñ′waʻlĭ.ha′suyak′—a song form forhasuya′gĭ′, “(thou) pick it out” (imperative); “I pick it out, or select it,”ga′suyăgiû′; second person,ha′suyăgiû′. Seenumber 19.ha′tlû—dialectic form,ga′tsû, “where?” (interrogative).ha′wiye′ĕhĭ′, ha′wiye′-hyuwe′—unmeaning dance refrains. Seenumbers 32and118.hayû′—an emphatic affirmative, about equivalent to “Yes, sir!” Seenumber 115.hayuya′haniwă′—an unmeaning refrain in one of the bear songs. Seenumber 75.he-e!—an unmeaning song introduction.Hemp-carrier—seeTâle′danigi′skĭ.Hemptown—seeGatûñlti′yĭ.hi!—unmeaning dance exclamation.hi′gĭna′liĭ—“(you are) my friend”;agina′liĭ, “(he is) my friend.” In white man’s jargon,canaly.Hickory-log—seeWane′-asûñ′tlûñyĭ.Hightower—seeI′tăwă′.hĭla′gû?—how many? how much? (Upper dialect); the Middle dialect form ishûñgû′.hĭlahi′yu—long ago; the finalyumakes it more emphatic.hi′lûñnû—“(thou) go to sleep”; fromtsĭ′lihû′, “I am asleep.”hĭ′skĭ—five; cf. Mohawkwĭsk. The Cherokee numerals including 10 are as follows:sâ′gwû,tă′lĭ,tsâ′ĭ,nûñ′gĭ,hĭ′skĭ,su′tălĭ,gûlʻkwâ′gĭ,tsune′la,sañne′la,askâ′hĭ.Hiwassee—seeAyuhwa′sĭ.hi′yagu′wĕ—an unmeaning dance refrain. Seenumber 32.Houston, Samuel—seeKă′lănû.hûñgû—seehĭla′gû.huhu—the yellow-breasted chat, or yellow mocking bird (Icteria virens); the name is an onomatope. Seenumber 45.hûñyahu′skă—“he will die.”hwĭ′lahĭ—“thou (must) go.”igăgû′tĭ—daylight. The name is sometimes applied to theulûñsû′tĭ(q. v.), and also to the clematis vine.i′hya—the cane reed (Arundinaria) of the Gulf states, used by the Indians for blowguns, fishing rods, and basketry.ihyâ′ga—seeatsil′sûñʻtĭ.i′nădû′—snake.I′nădû-na′ĭ—“Going-snake,” a Cherokee chief prominent about eighty years ago. The name properly signifies that the person is “going along in company with a snake,” the verbal part being from the irregular verbasta′ĭ, “I am going along with him.” The name has been given to a district of the present Cherokee Nation.i′năgĕ′hĭ—dwelling in the wilderness, an inhabitant of the wilderness; fromi′năge′ĭ, “wilderness,” andĕhĭ, habitual present form ofĕhû, “he is dwelling”;gĕ′û, “I am dwelling.”I′năge-utăsûñ′hĭ—“He who grew up in the wilderness,” i. e. “He who grew up wild”; fromi′năge′ĭ, “wilderness, unoccupied timber land,” andutăsûñ′hĭ, the third person perfect of the irregular verb,ga′tûñskû′, “I am growing up.”Inâ′lĭ—Black-fox; the common red fox istsu′lă(in Muscogee,chula). Black-fox was principal chief of the Cherokee Nation in 1810. See page86.Iskagua—“Iakagua or Clear Sky, formerly Nenetooyah or the Bloody-Fellow.” The name appears thus in a document of 1791 as that of a Cherokee chief frequently mentioned about that period under the name of “the Bloody Fellow.” In one treaty it is given as “Eskaqua or Bloody Fellow.” Both forms and etymologies are doubtful, neither form seeming to have any reference either to “sky” (gălûñ′lăhĭ) or “blood” (gi′ga). The first may be intended forIk-e′gwa, “Great-day.” See page69.Istanare—seeUʻstăna′lĭ.Iʻsû′nigû—an important Cherokee settlement, commonly known to the whites as Seneca, formerly on Keowee river, about the mouth of Conneross creek, in Oconee county, South Carolina. Hopewell, the country seat of General Pickens, where the famous treaty was made, was near it on the east side of the river. The word cannot be translated, but has no connection with the tribal name, Seneca.Itaba—seeI′tăwă′.Ităgû′năhĭ—the Cherokee name of John Ax.I′tăwă′—The name of one or more Cherokee settlements. One, which existed until the Removal in 1838, was upon Etowah river, about the present Hightower, in Forsyth county Georgia. Another may have been on Hightower creek ofHiwassee river in Towns county, Georgia. The name, commonly written Etowah and corrupted to Hightower, cannot be translated and seems not to be of Cherokee origin. A town called Itaba, Ytaua or Ytava in the De Soto chronicles existed in 1540 among the Creeks, apparently on Alabama river.Itsă′tĭ—commonly spelled Echota, Chota, Chote, Choquata (misprint), etc; a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country: the meaning is lost. The most important settlement of this name, frequently distinguished as Great Echota, was on the south side of Little Tennessee river a short distance below Citico creek in Monroe county, Tennessee. It was the ancient capital and sacred “peace town” of the Nation. Little Echota was on Sautee (i. e.,Itsâ′tĭ) creek, a head stream of the Chattahoochee, west of Clarkesville, Georgia. New Echota, the capital of the Nation for some years before the Removal, was established at a spot originally known asGănsa′gĭ(q. v.) at the junction of the Oostanaula and Conasauga rivers, in Gordon county, Georgia. It was sometimes called Newtown. The old Macedonia mission on Soco creek, of the North Carolina reservation, is also known as Itsâ′tĭ to the Cherokee, as was also the great Nacoochee mound. SeeNaguʻtsĭ′.Itse′yĭ—“New green place” or “Place of fresh green,” fromitse′hĭ, “green or unripe vegetation,” andyĭ, the locative; applied more particularly to a tract of ground made green by fresh-springing vegetation, after having been cleared of timber or burned over. A name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, variously written Echia, Echoee, Etchowee, and sometimes also falsely rendered “Brasstown,” from a confusion ofItse′yĭwithûñtsaiyĭ′, “brass.” One settlement of this name was upon Brasstown creek of Tugaloo river, in Oconee county, South Carolina; another was on Little Tennessee river near the present Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina, and probably about the junction of Cartoogaja (Gatug-itse′yĭ) creek; a third, known to the whites as Brasstown, was on upper Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia. In Cherokee as in most other Indian languages no clear distinction is made between green and blue (saʻka′nige′ĭ).i′ya—pumpkin.iya′-iyu′stĭ—“like a pumpkin,” fromiyaandiyu′stĭ, like.iya′-tăwi′skage—“of pumpkin smoothness,” fromi′ya, pumpkin, andtăwi′skage, smooth.Jackson—seeTsek′sĭnĭ′.Jessan—seeTsĕsa′nĭ.Jesse Reid—seeTsĕ′sĭ-Ska′tsĭ.Joanna bald—seeDiyâ′hăli′yĭ.Joara,Juada—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.John—seeTsa′nĭ.John Ax—seeItăgû′năhĭ.Jolly, John—seeAhu′lude′gĭ.Junaluska—seeTsunu′lăhûñ′skĭ.Jutaculla—seeTsulʻkălû′.kâ′gû′—crow; the name is an onomatope.Kâgûñ′yĭ—“Crow place,” fromkâ′gû′, crow andyĭ, locative. Seenumber 63.ka′ĭ—grease, oil.Kala′ăsûñ′yĭ—“Where he fell off,” fromtsĭla′ăskû′, “I am falling off,” andyĭ, locative. A cliff near Cold Spring knob, in Swain county, North Carolina.Kâ′lahû′—“All-bones,” fromkâ′lû, bone. A former chief of the East Cherokee, also known in the tribe asSawănu′gĭ(Shawano), and to the whites as Sawnook or Flying-squirrel.Kâ′lănû—“The Raven”; the name was used as a war title in the tribe and appears in the old documents as Corani (Lower dialect,Kâ′rănû) Colanneh, Colona, etc. It is the Cherokee name for General Samuel Houston or for any person named Houston.Kâ′lănû Ahyeli′skĭ—the Raven Mocker. Seenumber 120.Kâ′lănûñ′yĭ—“Raven place,” fromkâ′lănû, raven, andyĭ, the locative. The proper name of Big-cove settlement upon the East Cherokee reservation, Swain county, North Carolina, sometimes also called Raventown.kalâs′-gûnăhi′ta—“long-hams” (gûnăhi′ta), “long”); a variety of bear. Seenumber 15.Kâl-detsi′yûñyĭ—“Where the bones are,” fromkâ′lû, bone, anddetsi′yûñyĭ, “where (yĭ) they (de—plural prefix) are lying.” A spot near the junction of East Buffalo creek with Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.kăma′ma—butterfly.kăma′ma u′tanû—elephant; literally “great butterfly,” from the resemblance of the trunk and ears to the butterfly’s proboscis and wings. Seenumber 15.kanahe′na—a sour corn gruel, much in use among the Cherokee and other southern tribes; thetamfulior “Tom Fuller” of the Creeks.kănăne′skĭ—spider; also, from a fancied resemblance in appearance, a watch or clock;kănăne′skĭ amăyĕ′hĭ, the water spider.Kăna′sta, Kănastûñ′yĭ—a traditional Cherokee settlement formerly on the headwaters of the French Broad river near the present Brevard, in Transylvania county, North Carolina. The meaning of the name is lost. A settlement called Cannostee or Cannastion is mentioned as existing on Hiwassee river in 1776. Seenumber 82and notes.kanâ′talu′hĭ—hominy cooked with walnut kernels.Kana′tĭ— “Lucky Hunter”; a masculine name, sometimes abbreviatedKanat′. The word can not be analyzed, but is used as a third person habitual verbal form to mean “he is lucky, or successful, in hunting”; the opposite isuʻkwa′legû, “unlucky, or unsuccessful, in hunting.” Seenumber 3.kanegwâ′tĭ—the water-moccasin snake.Kănu′ga—also written Canuga; a Lower Cherokee settlement, apparently on the waters of Keowee river in South Carolina, destroyed in 1761; also a traditional settlement on Pigeon river, probably near the present Waynesville, in Haywood county, North Carolina. Seenumber 81and notes. The name signifies “a scratcher,” a sort of bone-toothed comb with which ball-players are scratched upon their naked skin preliminary to applying the conjured medicine;de′tsinuga′skû, “I am scratching it.”kănugû′ʻlă (abbreviatednugû′ʻla)—“scratcher,” a generic term for the blackberry, raspberry, and other brier bushes. Cf.Kănu′ga.Kănu′gûʻlâyĭ, or Kănu′gûʻlûñ′yĭ—“Brier place,” fromkănu′gû′ʻlâ, brier (cf.Kănu′ga); a Cherokee settlement formerly on Nantahala river, about the mouth of Briertown creek, in Macon county, North Carolina.kănûñ′năwû′—pipe.Kâsdu′yĭ—“Ashes place,” fromkâsdu, ashes, andyĭ, the locative. A modern Cherokee name for the town of Asheville, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. The ancient name for the same site isUnta′kiyasti′yĭ, q.v.Katâl′stă—an East Cherokee woman potter, the daughter of the chief Yânăgûñ′skĭ. The name conveys the idea of lending, fromtsiyâtâl′stă, “I lend it”;agatâl′stă, “it is lent to him.”Kăwân′-urâ′sûnyĭ (abbreviatedKăwân′-urâ′sûñin the Lower dialect)—“Where the duck fell” fromkăwâ′nă, duck,urâ′să(ulâ′să), “it fell,” andyĭ, locative. Apoint on Conneross creek (fromKăwân′-urâ′sûñ), near Seneca, in Oconee county, South Carolina. Seenumber 123.Kawi′yĭ (abbreviatedKawi′)—a former important Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Cowee, about the mouth of Cowee creek of Little Tennessee river, some 10 miles below Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina. The name may possibly be a contraction ofAni′-Kawi′yĭ, “Place of the Deer clan.”Keeowhee—seeKeowee.Kenesaw—seeGănsâ′gĭ.Keowee—the name of two or more former Cherokee settlements. One, sometimes distinguished as “Old Keowee,” the principal of the Lower Cherokee towns, was on the river of the same name, near the present Fort George, in Oconee county, South Carolina. Another, distinguished as New Keowee, was on the headwaters of Twelve-mile creek, in Pickens county, South Carolina. According to Wafford the correct form isKuwâhi′yĭ, abbreviatedKuwâhi′, “Mulberry-grove place”; says Wafford, “The whites murdered the name, as they always do.” Cf.Kuwâ′hĭ.Ke′sĭ-ka′gămû—a woman’s name, a Cherokee corruption of Cassie Cockram;ka′gămûis also the Cherokee corruption for “cucumber.”Ketoowah—seeKĭtu′hwă.Kittuwa—seeKĭtu′hwă.Kĭtu′hwă—An important ancient Cherokee settlement formerly upon Tuckasegee river, and extending from above the junction of Oconaluftee down nearly to the present Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. The name, which appears also as Kettooah, Kittoa, Kittowa, etc., has lost its meaning. The people of this and the subordinate settlements on the waters of the Tuckasegee were known asAni′-Kĭtu′hwagĭand the name was frequently extended to include the whole tribe. For this reason it was adopted in later times as the name of the Cherokee secret organization, commonly known to the whites as the Ketoowah society, pledged to the defense of Cherokee autonomy. See also historical notes 1 and 47.kiyuʻga—ground-squirrel;te′wa, flying squirrel;sălâ′lĭ, gray squirrel.Klausuna—seeTlanusi′yĭ.Knoxville—seeKuwandâ′tâʻlûñ′yĭ.kû!—an introductory exclamation, to fix attention, about equivalent to “Now!”kukû′—“cymling”; also the “jigger weed,” or “pleurisy root” (Asclepias tuberosa). Coco creek of Hiwassee river, and Coker postoffice, in Monroe county Tennessee, derive their name from this word.Kûlsetsi′yĭ (abbreviatedKûlse′tsi)—“Honey-locust place,” fromkûlse′tsĭ, honey-locust (Gleditschia) andyĭlocative; as the same word,kûlse′tsĭ, is also used for “sugar,” the local name has commonly been rendered Sugartown by the traders. The name of several former settlement places in the old Cherokee country. One was upon Keowee river, near the present Fall creek, in Oconee county, South Carolina; another was on Sugartown or Cullasagee (Kûlse′tsi) creek, near the present Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; a third was on Sugartown creek, near the present Morganton, in Fannin county, Georgia.Kunnesee—seeTsi′yu-gûnsi′nĭ.Kûnstûtsi′yĭ—“Sassafras place,” fromkûnstû′tsĭ, sassafras, andyĭ, locative. A gap in the Great Smoky range, about the head of Noland creek, on the line between North Carolina and Sevier county, Tennessee.kûnu′nŭ (abbreviatedkûnun′)—the bullfrog; the name is probably an onomatope; the common green frog iswalâ′sĭand there are also names for several other varieties of frogs and toads.Kusă′—Coosa creek, an upper tributary of Nottely river, near Blairsville, Union county, Georgia. The change of accent from Ku′să (Creek, seeAni′-Ku′sa) makes it locative. See page383.Ku′să-nûñnâ′hĭ—“Creek trail,” fromKu′să, Creek Indian, andnûñnâ′hĭ, path, trail; cf.Suwâ′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ. A former important Cherokee settlement, including also a number of Creeks and Shawano, where the trail from the Ohio region to the Creek country crossed Tennessee river, at the present Guntersville, in Marshall county, Alabama. It was known to the traders as Creek-path, and later as Gunter’s landing, from a Cherokee mixed-blood named Gunter.Ku′săweti′yĭ (abbreviatedKu′săweti′)—“Old Creek place,” fromKu′să, a Creek Indian (pluralAni′-Ku′sa),uwe′tĭ, old, andyĭ, locative. Coosawatee, an important Cherokee settlement formerly on the lower part of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Georgia. In one document the name appears, by error, Tensawattee. See page382.Kuwâ′hĭ—“Mulberry place,” fromku′wă, mulberry tree, andhĭ, locative; Clingman’s dome, about the head of Deep creek, on the Great Smoky range, between Swain county, North Carolina, and Sevier county, Tennessee. See alsoKeowee.Kuwandâ′taʻlûñ′yĭ (abbreviatedKuwandâ′taʻlûñ)—“Mulberry grove,” fromku′wă, mulberry; the Cherokee name for the present site of Knoxville, in Knox county, Tennessee.Kwa′lĭ, Kwalûñ′yĭ—Qualla or Quallatown, the former agency for the East Cherokee and now a postoffice station, just outside the reservation, on a branch of Soco creek, in Jackson county, North Carolina. It is the Cherokee form for “Polly,” and the station was so called from an old woman of that name who formerly lived near by;Kwa′lĭ, “Polly,”Kwalûñ′yĭ, “Polly’s place.” The reservation is locally known as the Qualla boundary.kwandăya′hû—seeda′lĭkstă′.lâ′lû—the jar-fly (Cicada auletes). Seenumber 59.Little Carpenter,Little Cornplanter—seeĂtă′-gûlʻkălû.Lloyd—seeDa′siʻgiya′gĭ.Long-hair—a Cherokee chief living with his band in Ohio in 1795. See page79. The literal Cherokee translation of “Long-hair” isGitlû′-gûnăhi′ta, but it is not certain that the English name is a correct rendering of the Indian form. Cf.Ani′-Gilâ′hĭ.Long island—seeĂmăyeʻlĭ-gûnăhi′ta.Lookout Mountain town—seeDanda′gănû′.Lowrey, Major George—seeAgiʻlĭ.Mayes, J. B.—seeTsâ′wă Gak′skĭ.Memphis—seeTsudâ′tălesûñ′yĭ.Mialaquo—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwa.Morgan—seeÂganstâ′ta.Moses—seeWă′sĭ.Moytoy—a Cherokee chief recognized by the English as “emperor” in 1730. Both the correct form and the meaning of the name are uncertain; the name occurs again asMoyatoyin a document of 1792; a boy upon the East Cherokee reservation a few years ago bore the name of Ma′tayĭ′, for which no meaning can be given.Muscle shoals—seeDăgû′nâhĭ.Nacoochee—seeNa′guʻtsĭ′.Na′dûʻlĭ′—known to the whites as Nottely. A former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river, close to the Georgia line, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The name cannot be translated and has no connection withnaʻtûʻlĭ, “spicewood.”Naguʻtsĭ′—a former important settlement about the junction of Soquee and Santee rivers, in Nacoochee valley, at the head of Chattahoochee river, in Habersham county, Georgia. The meaning of the word is lost and it is doubtful if it be ofCherokee origin. It may have some connection with the name of the Uchee Indians. The great mound farther up Sautee river, in White county, was known to the Cherokee asItsâ′tĭ, q. v.năkwĭsĭ′ (abbreviatednăkwʻsĭ)—star; also the meadow lark.năkwĭsĭ′usdi′—“little star”; the puff ball fungus (Lycoperdon?).Nâ′nă-tluʻgûñ′yĭ (abbreviatedNâ′nă-tluʻgûñ′, orNâ′nă-tsuʻgûñ′)—“Spruce-tree place,” fromnâ′nă, spruce,tluʻgûñ′ĭortsuʻgûñ′ĭ, a tree (standing) andyĭ, locative. 1. A traditional ancient Cherokee settlement on the site of Jonesboro, Washington county, Tennessee. The name of Nolichucky river is probably a corruption of the same word. 2.Nână-tsuʻgûñ, a place on Nottely river, close to its junction with Hiwassee, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.Nanehi—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.Nantahala—seeNûñdăye′ʻlĭ.Nashville—seeDagû′năwe′lâhĭ.Natchez—seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ.Naʻts-asûñ′tlûñyĭ (abbreviatedNaʻts-asûñ′tlûñ)—“Pine-footlog place,” fromnaʻtsĭ, pine,asûñ′tlĭorasûñtlûñ′ĭ, footlog, bridge, andyĭ, locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Pinelog, on the creek of the same name, in Bartow county, Georgia.naʻtsĭ—pine.na′tsĭkû′—“I eat it” (tsĭ′kiû′, “I am eating”).naʻtûʻlĭ—spicewood (Lindera benzoin).Nayĕ′hĭ—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.Nayunuwi—seeNûñyunu′wĭ.nehanduyanû′—a song form fornehadu′yanû′, an irregular verbal form denoting “conceived in the womb.” Seenumber 75.Nellawgitehi—given as the name of a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684. See page31. The correct form and meaning are both uncertain, but the final part seems to be the common suffixdihĭ′—, “killer,” Cf.Ta′gwădihĭ′.Nenetooyah—seeIskagua.Nequassee—seeNĭ′kwăsĭ′.Nettecawaw—seegatayû′stĭ.Nettle-carrier—seeTâle′danigi′skĭ.New Echota,Newtown—seeItsâ′tĭ.Nickajack—seeNĭkutse′gĭ.Nicotani—seeAni′-Kuta′nĭ.Nĭkwăsĭ′ (orNikwʼsĭ′)—an important ancient settlement on Little Tennessee river, where now is the town of Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina. A large mound marks the site of the townhouse. The name appears in old documents as Nequassee, Nucassee, etc. Its meaning is lost.Nĭkutse′gĭ (alsoNûkătse′gĭ,Nikwătse′gĭ, or abbreviatedNĭkutseg′)—Nickajack, an important Cherokee settlement about 1790 on the south bank of Tennessee river at the entrance of Nickajack creek, in Marion county, Tennessee. One of the five Chickamauga towns (seeTsĭkăma′gĭ). The meaning of the word is lost and it is probably not of Cherokee origin, although it occurs also in the tribe as a man’s name. In the corrupted form of “Nigger Jack,” it occurs also as the name of a creek of Cullasagee river above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina.Nilaque—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwă.Nolichucky—seeNâ′nătluʻgûñ′yĭ.Notchy—a creek entering Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee. The name evidently refers to Natchez Indian refugees, who formerly lived in the vicinity (seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ).Nottely—seeNa′dûʻlĭ′.nû—used as a suffix to denote “and,” or “also”;û′lĕ-ʻnû, “and also”;na′skiʻ-nû′, “and that,” “that also.”Nucassee—seeNĭkwăsĭ′.nu′dûñnelû′—he didso and so; an irregular form apparently connected with the archaic formsadûñni′ga, “it has just become so,” andudûñnû′, “it is matured, or finished.” Seenumber 118.nûñ′dă′—the sun or moon, distinguished asnûñ′dă′ igĕ′hĭ, “nûñ′dã′dwelling in the day,” andnûñ′dă′ sûñnâ′yĕhĭ, “nûñ′dă′dwelling in the night.” In the sacred formulas the moon is sometimes calledGeʻyăgu′ga, q. v., orSu′tălidihĭ′, “Six-killer,” names apparently founded upon myths now lost.nûñ′dă′-dikaʻnĭ—a rare bird formerly seen occasionally in the old Cherokee country, possibly the little blue heron (Floridus cerulea). The name seems to mean “it looks at the sun,” i. e., “sun-gazer,” fromnûñ′dă′, sun, andda′kaʻnă′ordetsi′kaʻnă, “I am looking at it.” Seenumber 35.Nûñ′dâgûñ′yĭ, Nûñdâ′yĭ—the Sun land, or east; fromnûñdă′, sun, andyĭ, locative. Used in the sacred formulas instead ofdi′gălûñgûñ′yĭ, “where it rises,” the common word.Nûñ′dăyeʻlĭ—“Middle (i. e. Noonday) sun,” fromnûñdă′, sun andayeʻlĭ, middle; a former Cherokee settlement on Nantahala river, near the present Jarrett station, in Macon county, North Carolina, so called from the high cliffs which shut out the view of the sun until nearly noon. The name appears also as Nantahala, Nantiyallee, Nuntialla, etc. It appears to have been applied properly only to the point on the river where the cliffs are most perpendicular, while the settlement itself was known asKanu′gûʻlâ′yĭ, “Briertown,” q. v. Seenumber 122.Nugătsa′nĭ—a ridge sloping down to Oconaluftee river, below Cherokee, in Swain county, North Carolina. The word is an archaic form denoting a high ridge with a long gradual slope. Seenumber 122.nûñ′gĭ′—four. Seehĭ′skĭ.nugûʻla—seekănugûʻla.Nuhnayie—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.nu′nă—potato; the name was originally applied to the wild “pig potato” (Phaseolus), now distinguished asnu′nă igâtĕhĭ, “swamp-dwelling potato.”Nûndăwe′gĭ—seeAni′-Nûndăwe′gĭ.nûñnâ′hĭ (abbreviatednûñnâ)—a path, trail or road.Nûñnâ′hĭ-dihĭ′ (abbreviatedNûñ′nâ-dihĭ′)—“Path-killer,” literally, “He kills (habitually) in the path,” fromnûñ′nâhĭ, path, andahihĭ, “he kills” (habitually); “I am killing,”tsi′ihû′. A principal chief, about the year 1813. Major John Ridge was originally known by the same name, but afterward took the name,Gûnûñ′daʻle′gĭ, “One who follows the ridge,” which the whites made simply Ridge.Nûnnâ′hĭ-tsune′ga (abbreviated)Nûñnâ-tsune′ga—“White-path,” fromnûñnâ′hĭ, path, andtsune′ga, plural ofune′ga, white; the form is in the plural, as is common in Indian names, and has probably a symbolic reference to the “white” or peaceful paths spoken of in the opening invocation at the Green corn dance. A noted chief who led the conservative party about 1828. See pages113,132.Nûñnĕ′hĭ (alsoGûñnĕ′hĭ; singularNayĕ′hĭ)—a race of invisible spirit people. The name is derived from the verbĕ′hû′, “I dwell, I live,”ĕ′hĭ′, “I dwell habitually,” and may be rendered “dwellers anywhere,” or “those who live anywhere,” but implies having always been there, i. e., “Immortals.” It has been spelledNanehiandNuhnayieby different writers. The singular formNayĕ′hĭoccurs also as a personal name, about equivalent toEdă′hĭ, “One who goes about.” Seenumber 78.nuniyu′stĭ—“potato-like,” fromnu′nă, potato, andiyu′stĭ, like. A flowering vine with tuberous root somewhat resembling the potato. Seenumber 126.nûñyû′—rock, stone. Cf.nâyŭ, sandNûñyû′-gûñwani′skĭ—“Rock that talks,” fromnûñyû′, rock, andtsiwa′nihû, “I am talking.” A rock from which Talking-rock creek of Coosawatee river in Georgia derives its name. Seenumber 125.Nûñ′yunu′wĭ—contracted fromNûñyû-unu′wĭ. “Stone-clad,” fromnûñyû, rock, andagwănu′wû, “I am clothed or covered.” A mythic monster, invulnerable by reason of his stony skin. Seenumber 67. The name is also applied sometimes to the stinging ant,dasûñtâlĭ atatsûñskĭ, q. v. It has also been spelledNayunuwi.Nûñyû′-tluʻgûñĭ (orNûñyû-tsuʻgûñ′ĭ)—“Tree rock.” A notable rock on Hiwassee river, just within the North Carolina line. Seenumber 66and notes.Nûñyû′-tăwi′skă—“Slick rock,” fromnûñyû′, rock, andtăwiskă, smooth, slick; the form remains unchanged for the locative. 1. Slick-rock creek, entering Little Tennessee river just within the west line of Graham county, North Carolina. 2. A place at the extreme head of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia.Ocoee—seeUwagâ′hĭ.Oconaluftee—seeEgwânulʻtĭ.Oconee—seeUkwû′nû.Oconostota—seeÂganstâ′ta.Old Tassel—seeUtsi′dsătă′.Ooltewah—seeUltiwâ′ĭ.Oolunsade—seeUlûñsû′tĭ.Oostanaula—seeU stăna′lĭ.Oostinaleh—seeU stăna′lĭ.Oothcaloga—seeUyʻgilâ′gĭ.Otacite,Otassite—seeOutacity.Otari,Otariyatiqui—mentioned as a place, apparently on the Cherokee frontier, visited by Pardo in 1567. Otari seems to be the Cherokeeâtărĭorâtălĭ, mountain, but the rest of the word is doubtful. See page28.Ottare—seeâ′tălĭ.Owasta—given as the name of a Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page31.Ougillogy—seeUyʻgilâ′gĭ.Outacity—given in documents as the name or title of a prominent Cherokee chief about 1720. It appears also as Otacite, Otassite, Outassatah, Wootassite and Wrosetasatow (!), but the form cannot be identified, although it seems to contain the personal name suffixdihĭ′, “killer.” Timberlake says (page 71): “There are some other honorary titles among them, conferred in reward of great actions; the first of which is Outacity or Man-killer, and the second Colona or the Raven.”Outassatah—seeOutacity.Owassa—seeAyuhwa′sĭ.Paint-town—seeAni′-Wâ′dihĭ′.Path-killer—seeNûñnâ′hi-dihĭ′.Phœnix, Cherokee—seeTsule′hisanûñ′hĭ.Pigeon River—seeWâyĭ.Pine Indians—seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ.Pinelog—seeNaʻts-asûñ′tlûñyĭ.Qualatchee—a former Cherokee settlement on the headwaters of the Chattahoochee river in Georgia; another of the same name was upon the waters of Keowee river in South Carolina. The correct form is unknown.Qualla—seeKwalĭ.Quaxule—seeGuaxule.Quinahaqui—a place, possibly in the Cherokee country, visited by Pardo in 1567. The form cannot be identified. See page28.Quoneashee—seeTlanusi′yĭ.Rattlesnake springs—seeUtsanătiyĭ.Rattling-gourd—seeGănsĕʻtĭ.Raventown—seeKâlănûñ′yĭ.Red Clay—seeElăwâ′diyĭ.Reid, Jesse—seeTse′si-Ska′tsĭ.Ridge, Major John—seeNûñnâ′hĭ-dihĭ.Ross, John—seeGu′wisguwĭ′.Ross’ landing—seeTsatănu′gĭ.Sadayĭ′—a feminine name, the proper name of the woman known to the whites as Annie Ax; it cannot be translated.Sâgwâ′hĭ, or Sâgwûñ′yĭ—“One place,” fromsâ′gwû, one, andhĭoryĭ, locative. Soco creek of Oconaluftee river, on the East Cherokee reservation, in Jackson county, North Carolina. No satisfactory reason is given for the name, which has its parallel inTsâskâ′hĭ, “Thirty place,” a local name in Cherokee county, in the same state.sâ′gwălĭ′, horse; fromasâgwâlihû, a pack or burden,asâgwŭllû′; “there is a pack on him.”sâ′gwălĭ dĭgû′lanăhi′ta—mule; literally “long eared horse,” fromsâ′gwălĭ, horse, anddigû′lanăhi′ta, q. v.Sâkwi′yĭ (orSuki′yĭ; abbreviatedSâkwi′orSuki′)—a former settlement on Soquee river, a head-stream ofChattahoochee, near Clarkesville, Habersham county, Georgia. Also written Saukee and Sookee. The name has lost its meaning.sălâ′lĭ—squirrel; the common gray squirrel; other varieties arekiyuʻga, the ground squirrel, andtewa, the flying squirrel.Sălâ′lĭwas also the name of an East Cherokee inventor who died a few years ago;Sălâ′lăni′ta, “Young-squirrels,” is a masculine personal name on the reservation.săligu′gĭ—turtle, the common water turtle; soft-shell turtle,uʻlănă′wă; land tortoise or terrapin,tûksĭ′.sălikwâ′yĭ—bear-grass (Eryngium); also the greensnake, on account of a fancied resemblance; the name of a former Cherokee settlement on Sallacoa creek of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Georgia.Sa′nigilâ′gĭ (abbreviatedSanʻgilâ′gĭ)—Whiteside mountain, a prominent peak of the Blue ridge, southeast from Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina. It is connected with the tradition of Uʻtlûñ′ta (seenumber 66and notes).Santeetla—the present map name of a creek joining Cheowa river in Graham county, North Carolina, and of a smaller tributary (Little Santeetla). The name is not recognized or understood by the Cherokee, who insist that it was given by the whites. Little Santeetla is known to the Cherokee asTsundaʻnilti′yĭ, q. v.; the main Santeetla creek is commonly known asNâgu′hĭ geyûñ′ĭ, “Sand-place stream,” fromNûyu′hiĭ, “Sand place” (nâyŭ, sand), a former settlement just above the junction of the two creeks.Sara—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.sa′sa′—goose; an onomatope.Sautee—seeItsâ′tĭ.Savannah—the popular name of this river is derived from that of the Shawano Indians, formerly living upon its middle course, and known to the Cherokee asAni′-Sawănu′gĭ, q. v., to the Creeks asSavanuka, and to some of the coast tribesof Carolina asSavanna. In old documents the river is also calledIsundiga, fromIʻsû′nigûorSeneca, q. v., an important former Cherokee settlement upon its upper waters. Seenumber 99.Sawănu′gĭ—“Shawano” (Indian); a masculine personal name upon the East Cherokee reservation and prominent in the history of the band. SeeAnĭ′-Sawănu′gĭandKâ′lahû′.Sawnook—seeKâ′lahû′.Sehwate′yĭ—“Hornet place,”fromse′hwatû, hornet, andyĭ, locative. Cheowa Maximum and Swim bald, adjoining bald peaks at the head of Cheowa river, Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.selu—corn; sometimes called in the sacred formulasAgawe′la, “The Old Woman.” Seenumber 126.sel-utsĭ′ (forselu-utsĭ′)—“corn’s mother,” fromselu, corn andutsĭ′, his mother (etsĭ′oragitsĭ′, my mother); the bead-corn or Job’s-tears (Coix lacryma). Seenumber 126.Seneca—seeAni′-Nûn′dăwe′gĭ(Seneca tribe), andIʻsû′nigû, (Seneca town).Sequatchee—seeSĭ′gwetsĭ′.Sequoya—seeSikwâyĭ.Sĕʻtsĭ—a mound and traditional Cherokee settlement on the south side of Valley river, about three miles below Valleytown, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; the name has lost its meaning. Seenumber 79. A settlement calledTăsĕʻtsĭ(Tassetchiein some old documents) existed on the extreme head of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia.Sevier—seeTsan′-usdi′.Shoe-boots—seeDa′siʻgiya′gĭ.Shooting creek—seeDu′stăyaʻlûñy′yĭ.Sĭ′gwetsĭ′—a traditional Cherokee settlement on the south bank of the French Broad river, not far from Knoxville, Knox county, Tennessee. Near by was the quarry from which it is said the stone for the white peace pipes was obtained. Seenumber 111and notes. Sequatchee, the name of the river below Chattanooga, in Tennessee, is probably a corruption of the same word.sĭ′kwă—hog; originally the name of the opossum, now distinguished assĭ′kwă utset′stĭ, q. v.sĭ′kwă utset′stĭ—opossum: literally “grinning hog,” fromsĭ′kwă, hog, andutset′stĭ, “he grins (habitually).” Cf.sĭkwă.Sikwâ′yĭ—a masculine name, commonly written Sequoya, made famous as that of the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet. See page108. The name, which can not be translated, is still in use upon the East Cherokee reservation.Sikwi′ă—a masculine name, the Cherokee corruption for Sevier. See alsoTsan-usdi′.sinnawah—seetlă′nuwă.Sĭ′tikû′ (orsû′tăgû′, in dialectic form)—a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river at the entrance of Citico creek, in Monroe county, Tennessee. The name, which can not be translated, is commonly spelled Citico, but appears also as Sattiquo, Settico, Settacoo, Sette, Sittiquo, etc.siyu′—seeâ′siyu′.skĭntâ′—forskĭn′tâgû′, understood to mean “put a new tooth into my jaw.” The word can not be analyzed, but is derived fromgăntkă′(gantaʻgăin a dialectic form) a tooth in place; a tooth detached iskăyuʻgă. Seenumber 15.Skwan′-digûʻgûñ′yî (forAskwan′-digûʻgûñ′yĭ)—“Where the Spaniard is in the water [or other liquid]”. A place on Upper Soco creek, on the reservation in Jackson county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Slick rock—seeNûñyû′-tăwi′skă.Smith, N. J.—seeTsalădihĭ′.Snowbird—seeTuti′yĭ.Soco creek—seeSâgwâ′hĭ.Soco gap—seeĂhălu′na.Soquee—seeSâkwi′yĭ.Spray, H. W.—seeWĭlsĭnĭ′.Spring-Frog—seeDu′stu′.Standing Indian—seeYûñwĭ-tsulenûñ′yĭ.Stand Watie—seeDe′gatâgă.Stekoa—seeStikâ′yĭ.ste′tsi—your daughter; literally, your offspring;agwe′tsĭ, “my offspring”;uwe′tsĭ, “his offspring”; to distinguish sex it is necessary to addasga′ya, “man” orage′hya, “woman.”Stikâ′yĭ (variously spelled Stecoe, Steecoy, Stekoah, Stickoey, etc.)—the name of several former Cherokee settlements: 1. On Sticoa creek, near Clayton, Rabun county,Georgia; 2. on Tuckasegee river at the old Thomas homestead just above the present Whittier, in Swain county, North Carolina; 3. on Stekoa creek of Little Tennessee river, a few miles below the junction of Nantahala, in Graham county, North Carolina. The word has lost its meaning.Stringfield—seeTlâge′sĭ.stugi′stĭ, stui′stĭ—a key; see page187and underAstu′gatâ′ga.Suck, The—seeÛñ′tiguhĭ′.Sugartown—seeKûlse′tsi′yĭ.sû′năwă′—seetlă′nuwă.sûnĕstlâ′tă—“split noses”; seetsunûʻliyû′ sûnĕstlâ′tă.sûñgĭ—mink; also onion; the name seems to refer to a smell; the various mints are called generically,gawʻsûñ′gĭ. Seenumber 29.Suki′yĭ—another form ofSâkwi′yĭ, q.v.su′lĭ′—buzzard; the Creek name is the same.Sun land—seeNûñ′dă′yĭ.su′-să′-sai′—an unmeaning song refrain. Seenumber 66.su′tălidihĭ′—seenûñ′dă′.Suwa′li—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.Suwa′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ (abbreviatedSuwa′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ)—“Suwali trail,” the proper name for the gap at the head of Swannanoa (fromSuwa′lĭ-Nûñ′nâ) river, east of Asheville, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. Cf.Ku′să-nûñnâ′hĭ. See pages194and379, alsoAni′-Suwa′lĭ.Suwaʻnĭ—a former Cherokee settlement on Chattahoochee river, about the present Suwanee, in Gwinnett county, Georgia. The name has no meaning in the Cherokee language and is said to be of Creek origin. See page382.Suye′ta—“The Chosen One,” fromasuye′ta, “he is chosen,”gasu′yeû, “I am choosing”; the same form,suye′ta, could also mean mixed, fromgasu′yăhû, “I am mixing it.” A masculine name, at present borne by a prominent ex-chief and informant upon the East Cherokee reservation.Swannanoa—seeSuwa′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ.Swim bald—seeSehwate′yĭ.Swimmer—seeAʻyûñ′inĭ.tadeyâ′statakûhĭ′—“we shall see each other.” Seenumber 75.Tae-keo-ge—seeTaʻski′gĭ.ta′gû—the June-bug (Allorhina nitida), also calledtu′ya-dĭskalawʼsti′skĭ, “one who keeps fire under the beans.” Seenumber 59.Ta′gwa—seeAni′ta′gwa.Ta′gwădihĭ′ (abbreviatedTa′gwădi′)—“Catawba-killer,” fromAta′gwaorTa′gwa, Catawba Indian, anddihihĭ, “he kills them” (habitually) fromtsi′ihû′,“I kill.” An old masculine personal name, still in use upon the East Cherokee reservation. It was the proper name of the chief known to the whites about 1790 as “The Glass,” from a confusion of this name withadakĕ′ʻtĭ, glass, or mirror.Tagwâ′hĭ—“Catawba place,” fromAta′gwaorTa′gwa, Catawba Indian, andhĭ, locative. A name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country. A settlement of this name, known to the whites as Toccoa, was upon Toccoa creek, east of Clarkesville, in Habersham county, Georgia; another was upon Toccoa or Ocoee river, about the present Toccoa, in Fannin county, Georgia; a third may have been on Persimmon creek, which is known to the Cherokee asTagwâ′hĭ, and enters Hiwassee river some distance below Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.Tahkeyostee—seeUnta′kiyasti′yĭ.Tahlequah—seeTălikwă′.Tahchee—seeTătsĭ′.Takatoka—seeDe′gătâ′gă.tă′lădŭ′ (abbreviatedtăldŭ′)—twelve, fromtă′lĭ, two. Cf.tăla′tŭ, cricket.Tăʻlasĭ′—a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, about Talassee ford, in Blount county, Tennessee. The name has lost its meaning.Talassee—seeTăʻlasĭ′.tăla′tŭ—cricket; sometimes also calleddita′staye′skĭ(q. v.), “the barber.” Cf.tă′lădŭ′, twelve.Tâle′danigi′skĭ (Utâle′danigi′sĭ, in a dialectic form)—variously rendered by the whites “Hemp-carrier,” “Nettle-carrier” or “Flax-toter,” fromtâle′taorutâle′ta, flax (Linum) or rich weed (Pilea pumila), anddanigi′skĭ, “he carries them (habitually).” A former prominent chief on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. Seenumber 95and notes.Talihina—given as the name of the Cherokee wife of Samuel Houston; the form cannot be identified. See page223.Tălikwă′ (commonly written Tellico, Telliquo or, in the Indian Territory, Tahlequah)—the name of several Cherokee settlements at different periods, viz: 1. Great Tellico, at Tellico Plains, on Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee; 2. Little Tellico, on Tellico creek of Little Tennessee river, about ten miles below Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; 3. a town on Valley river, about five miles above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; 4. Tahlequah, established as the capital of the Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory, in 1839. The meaning of the name is lost.Tali′wă—the site of a traditional battle between the Cherokee and Creeks about 1755, on Mountain (?) creek of Etowah river in upper Georgia. Probably not a Cherokee but a Creek name from the Creekta′luaorita′lua, town. See pages38and384–385.Talking-rock—seeNûñyû′-gûñwani′skĭ.Tallulah—seeTălulŭ′.Tăl-tsu′skă′— “Two-heads,” fromtă′lĭ, two, andtsu′skă′, plural ofuskă′, (his) head. A Cherokee chief about the year 1800, known to the whites as Doublehead.talulĭ—pregnant; whencealulĭ′, (she is) a mother, said of a woman.Tălulŭ′ (commonly written Tallulah, and appearing in old documents, from the Lower dialect, as Taruraw, Toruro, Turoree, etc.)—a name occurring in two or more places in the old Cherokee country, viz: 1. An ancient settlement on the upper part of Tallulah river, in Rabun county, Georgia; 2. a town on Tallulah creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. The word is of uncertain etymology. Thedulu′sĭfrog is said to crytălulŭ′. Seenumber 125. The noted falls upon Tallulah river are known to the Cherokee asUgûñ′yĭ, q. v.
ginûnti—a song form forginû′tiĭ′, “to lay him (animate object) upon the ground.” Seenumber 75.
giʻrĭ′—seegiʻlĭ′.
Gisehûñ′yĭ—“Where the female lives,” fromagi′sĭ, female, andyĭ, the locative. A place on Tuckasegee river, a short distance above Bryson City, Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.
gitlû′—hair (Upper dialect); in the Middle and Lower dialects,gitsû′.
gitsû′—seegitlû′.
Glass, The—seeTa′gwădihi′.
Gohoma—A Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page31.
Going-snake—seeI′nădûna′ĭ.
Gorhaleke—a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page31.
Great island—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwa.
Gregory bald—seeTsistu′yĭ.
Guachoule—seeGuaxule.
Guaquili(Wakili)—a town in the Cherokee country, visited by De Soto in 1540, and again in 1567 by Pardo, who calls it Aguaquiri (see pages25and28). The name may have a connection withwagulĭ′, “whippoorwill,” or withu-)wâ′giʻlĭ, “foam.”
Guasula—seeGuaxule.
Guasili—seeGuaxule.
Guaxule—a town in the Cherokee country, visited by De Soto in 1540; variously spelled in the narratives, Guasili, Guachoule, Guasula, Guaxule, Quaxule, etc. It was probably about at Nacoochee mound, in White county, Georgia. It has been suggested that the Spaniards may have changed the Indian name to resemble that of a town in Spain. See pages26and194.
gû′daye′wû—“I have sewed myself together”; “I am sewing,”tsiye′wiă′; “I am sewing myself together,”gûdayewiû. Seenumber 31.
gŭgwĕ′ (orgʻgwĕ′)—the quail or partridge; the name is an onomatope.
gŭgwĕ′-ulasu′la—“partridge moccasin,” fromgŭgwĕ′orgʻgwĕ′, partridge, andulasula, moccasin or shoe; the ladyslipper (Cypripedium).
Gûlâhi′yĭ (abbreviatedGûlâhi′, orGûrâhi′, in the Lower dialect)—“Gûlâ′hĭ place,” so called from an unidentified spring plant eaten as a salad by the Cherokee. The name of two or more places in the old Cherokee country; one about Currahee mountain in Habersham county, Georgia, the other on Cullowhee river, an upper branch of Tuckasegee, in Jackson county, North Carolina. Currahee Dick was a noted chief about the year 1820.
Gû′lani′yĭ—a Cherokee and Natchez settlement formerly about the junction of Brasstown creek with Hiwassee river, a short distance above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The etymology of the word is doubtful.
gulĕ′—acorn.
gûlĕ′-diskaʻnihĭ′—the turtle-dove; literally, “it cries, or mourns, for acorns,” fromgulĕ′, acorn, anddiskaʻnihĭ′, “it cries for them” (di-, plural prefix,-hi, habitual suffix). The turtle-dove feeds upon acorns and its cry somewhat resembles the name,gulĕ′.
gûle′gĭ—“climber,” fromtsilahĭ′, “I climb” (second person,hĭ′lahĭ′; third person,gûlahĭ′); the blacksnake (Bascanion constrictor).
Gûlʻkăla′skĭ—An earlier name forTsunu′lăhûñ′skĭ, q. v.
gûlʻkwâ′gĭ—seven; also the mole-cricket (Gryllotalpa). Seenumber 59.
gûlʻkwâ′gine(-ĭ—seventh; fromgûlʻkwâgĭ, seven.
Gûlsădihĭ′ (orGûltsădihĭ′?)—a masculine personal name, of uncertain etymology.
Gumlog—seeTsilalu′hĭ.
gûnăhi′ta—long.
Gû′năhitûñ′yĭ—“Long place” (i.e., Long valley), fromgûnăhita, long, andyĭ, locative. A former settlement, known to the whites as Valleytown, where now is the town of the same name, on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The various settlements on Valley river and the adjacent part of Hiwassee were known collectively as the “Valley towns.”
Gûn′-dĭ′gaduhûñ′yĭ (abbreviatedGûn′-dĭgadu′hûñ)—“Turkey settlement” (gû′nă, turkey), so called from the chief, Turkey or Little Turkey. A former settlement, known to the whites as Turkeytown, upon the west bank of Coosa river, opposite the present Center, in Cherokee county, Alabama.
gû′nî′—arrow. Cf. Senecagaʼnaʼ.
gûñ′năge′ĭ (orgûñ′năge)—black.
Gûñnĕ′hĭ—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.
Gûñskăli′skĭ—a masculine personal name of uncertain etymology.
Gunters landing,Guntersville—seeKu′să-Nûñnâ′hĭ.
Gûn-tsuskwa′ʻlĭ—“Short arrows,” fromgûnĭ′, arrow, andtsuskwa′ʻlĭ, plural ofuskwa′ʻlĭ, short; a traditional western tribe. Seenumber 105.
Gûnûñ′daʻle′gĭ—seeNûñnâ′hĭ-dihĭ′.
Gustĭ′—a traditional Cherokee settlement on Tennessee river, near Kingston, Roane county, Tennessee. Seenumber 79. The name cannot be analyzed. Wafford thought it a Cherokee attempt at “Kingston,” but it seems rather to be aboriginal.
Gu′wisguwĭ′—The Cherokee name for the chief John Ross and for the district named in his honor, commonly spelled Cooweescoowee. Properly an onomatope for a large bird said to have been seen formerly at infrequent intervals in the old Cherokee country, accompanying the migratory wild geese, and described as resembling a large snipe, with yellow legs and unwebbed feet. In boyhood John Ross was known as Tsan′-usdi′, “Little John.”
Gwalʻgâ′hĭ—“Frog place,” fromgwalʻgû, a variety of frog, andhĭ, locative. A place on Hiwassee river, just above the junction of Peachtree creek, near Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; about 1755 the site of a village of refugee Natchez, and later of a Baptist mission.
gwehe′!—a cricket’s cry. Seenumber 119.
ha!—an introductory exclamation intended to attract attention or add emphasis; about equivalent toHere! Now!
ha′-ma′ma′—a song term compounded ofha!an introductory exclamation, andmămă′, a word which has no analysis, but is used in speaking to young children to mean “let me carry you on my back.” Seenumber 117.
Hanging-maw—seeUskwâ′li-gû′tă.
ha′nia-lĭl′-lĭl′—an unmeaning dance refrain. Seenumber 24.
Hard-mush—seeGatûñ′waʻlĭ.
ha′suyak′—a song form forhasuya′gĭ′, “(thou) pick it out” (imperative); “I pick it out, or select it,”ga′suyăgiû′; second person,ha′suyăgiû′. Seenumber 19.
ha′tlû—dialectic form,ga′tsû, “where?” (interrogative).
ha′wiye′ĕhĭ′, ha′wiye′-hyuwe′—unmeaning dance refrains. Seenumbers 32and118.
hayû′—an emphatic affirmative, about equivalent to “Yes, sir!” Seenumber 115.
hayuya′haniwă′—an unmeaning refrain in one of the bear songs. Seenumber 75.
he-e!—an unmeaning song introduction.
Hemp-carrier—seeTâle′danigi′skĭ.
Hemptown—seeGatûñlti′yĭ.
hi!—unmeaning dance exclamation.
hi′gĭna′liĭ—“(you are) my friend”;agina′liĭ, “(he is) my friend.” In white man’s jargon,canaly.
Hickory-log—seeWane′-asûñ′tlûñyĭ.
Hightower—seeI′tăwă′.
hĭla′gû?—how many? how much? (Upper dialect); the Middle dialect form ishûñgû′.
hĭlahi′yu—long ago; the finalyumakes it more emphatic.
hi′lûñnû—“(thou) go to sleep”; fromtsĭ′lihû′, “I am asleep.”
hĭ′skĭ—five; cf. Mohawkwĭsk. The Cherokee numerals including 10 are as follows:sâ′gwû,tă′lĭ,tsâ′ĭ,nûñ′gĭ,hĭ′skĭ,su′tălĭ,gûlʻkwâ′gĭ,tsune′la,sañne′la,askâ′hĭ.
Hiwassee—seeAyuhwa′sĭ.
hi′yagu′wĕ—an unmeaning dance refrain. Seenumber 32.
Houston, Samuel—seeKă′lănû.
hûñgû—seehĭla′gû.
huhu—the yellow-breasted chat, or yellow mocking bird (Icteria virens); the name is an onomatope. Seenumber 45.
hûñyahu′skă—“he will die.”
hwĭ′lahĭ—“thou (must) go.”
igăgû′tĭ—daylight. The name is sometimes applied to theulûñsû′tĭ(q. v.), and also to the clematis vine.
i′hya—the cane reed (Arundinaria) of the Gulf states, used by the Indians for blowguns, fishing rods, and basketry.
ihyâ′ga—seeatsil′sûñʻtĭ.
i′nădû′—snake.
I′nădû-na′ĭ—“Going-snake,” a Cherokee chief prominent about eighty years ago. The name properly signifies that the person is “going along in company with a snake,” the verbal part being from the irregular verbasta′ĭ, “I am going along with him.” The name has been given to a district of the present Cherokee Nation.
i′năgĕ′hĭ—dwelling in the wilderness, an inhabitant of the wilderness; fromi′năge′ĭ, “wilderness,” andĕhĭ, habitual present form ofĕhû, “he is dwelling”;gĕ′û, “I am dwelling.”
I′năge-utăsûñ′hĭ—“He who grew up in the wilderness,” i. e. “He who grew up wild”; fromi′năge′ĭ, “wilderness, unoccupied timber land,” andutăsûñ′hĭ, the third person perfect of the irregular verb,ga′tûñskû′, “I am growing up.”
Inâ′lĭ—Black-fox; the common red fox istsu′lă(in Muscogee,chula). Black-fox was principal chief of the Cherokee Nation in 1810. See page86.
Iskagua—“Iakagua or Clear Sky, formerly Nenetooyah or the Bloody-Fellow.” The name appears thus in a document of 1791 as that of a Cherokee chief frequently mentioned about that period under the name of “the Bloody Fellow.” In one treaty it is given as “Eskaqua or Bloody Fellow.” Both forms and etymologies are doubtful, neither form seeming to have any reference either to “sky” (gălûñ′lăhĭ) or “blood” (gi′ga). The first may be intended forIk-e′gwa, “Great-day.” See page69.
Istanare—seeUʻstăna′lĭ.
Iʻsû′nigû—an important Cherokee settlement, commonly known to the whites as Seneca, formerly on Keowee river, about the mouth of Conneross creek, in Oconee county, South Carolina. Hopewell, the country seat of General Pickens, where the famous treaty was made, was near it on the east side of the river. The word cannot be translated, but has no connection with the tribal name, Seneca.
Itaba—seeI′tăwă′.
Ităgû′năhĭ—the Cherokee name of John Ax.
I′tăwă′—The name of one or more Cherokee settlements. One, which existed until the Removal in 1838, was upon Etowah river, about the present Hightower, in Forsyth county Georgia. Another may have been on Hightower creek ofHiwassee river in Towns county, Georgia. The name, commonly written Etowah and corrupted to Hightower, cannot be translated and seems not to be of Cherokee origin. A town called Itaba, Ytaua or Ytava in the De Soto chronicles existed in 1540 among the Creeks, apparently on Alabama river.
Itsă′tĭ—commonly spelled Echota, Chota, Chote, Choquata (misprint), etc; a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country: the meaning is lost. The most important settlement of this name, frequently distinguished as Great Echota, was on the south side of Little Tennessee river a short distance below Citico creek in Monroe county, Tennessee. It was the ancient capital and sacred “peace town” of the Nation. Little Echota was on Sautee (i. e.,Itsâ′tĭ) creek, a head stream of the Chattahoochee, west of Clarkesville, Georgia. New Echota, the capital of the Nation for some years before the Removal, was established at a spot originally known asGănsa′gĭ(q. v.) at the junction of the Oostanaula and Conasauga rivers, in Gordon county, Georgia. It was sometimes called Newtown. The old Macedonia mission on Soco creek, of the North Carolina reservation, is also known as Itsâ′tĭ to the Cherokee, as was also the great Nacoochee mound. SeeNaguʻtsĭ′.
Itse′yĭ—“New green place” or “Place of fresh green,” fromitse′hĭ, “green or unripe vegetation,” andyĭ, the locative; applied more particularly to a tract of ground made green by fresh-springing vegetation, after having been cleared of timber or burned over. A name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, variously written Echia, Echoee, Etchowee, and sometimes also falsely rendered “Brasstown,” from a confusion ofItse′yĭwithûñtsaiyĭ′, “brass.” One settlement of this name was upon Brasstown creek of Tugaloo river, in Oconee county, South Carolina; another was on Little Tennessee river near the present Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina, and probably about the junction of Cartoogaja (Gatug-itse′yĭ) creek; a third, known to the whites as Brasstown, was on upper Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia. In Cherokee as in most other Indian languages no clear distinction is made between green and blue (saʻka′nige′ĭ).
i′ya—pumpkin.
iya′-iyu′stĭ—“like a pumpkin,” fromiyaandiyu′stĭ, like.
iya′-tăwi′skage—“of pumpkin smoothness,” fromi′ya, pumpkin, andtăwi′skage, smooth.
Jackson—seeTsek′sĭnĭ′.
Jessan—seeTsĕsa′nĭ.
Jesse Reid—seeTsĕ′sĭ-Ska′tsĭ.
Joanna bald—seeDiyâ′hăli′yĭ.
Joara,Juada—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.
John—seeTsa′nĭ.
John Ax—seeItăgû′năhĭ.
Jolly, John—seeAhu′lude′gĭ.
Junaluska—seeTsunu′lăhûñ′skĭ.
Jutaculla—seeTsulʻkălû′.
kâ′gû′—crow; the name is an onomatope.
Kâgûñ′yĭ—“Crow place,” fromkâ′gû′, crow andyĭ, locative. Seenumber 63.
ka′ĭ—grease, oil.
Kala′ăsûñ′yĭ—“Where he fell off,” fromtsĭla′ăskû′, “I am falling off,” andyĭ, locative. A cliff near Cold Spring knob, in Swain county, North Carolina.
Kâ′lahû′—“All-bones,” fromkâ′lû, bone. A former chief of the East Cherokee, also known in the tribe asSawănu′gĭ(Shawano), and to the whites as Sawnook or Flying-squirrel.
Kâ′lănû—“The Raven”; the name was used as a war title in the tribe and appears in the old documents as Corani (Lower dialect,Kâ′rănû) Colanneh, Colona, etc. It is the Cherokee name for General Samuel Houston or for any person named Houston.
Kâ′lănû Ahyeli′skĭ—the Raven Mocker. Seenumber 120.
Kâ′lănûñ′yĭ—“Raven place,” fromkâ′lănû, raven, andyĭ, the locative. The proper name of Big-cove settlement upon the East Cherokee reservation, Swain county, North Carolina, sometimes also called Raventown.
kalâs′-gûnăhi′ta—“long-hams” (gûnăhi′ta), “long”); a variety of bear. Seenumber 15.
Kâl-detsi′yûñyĭ—“Where the bones are,” fromkâ′lû, bone, anddetsi′yûñyĭ, “where (yĭ) they (de—plural prefix) are lying.” A spot near the junction of East Buffalo creek with Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.
kăma′ma—butterfly.
kăma′ma u′tanû—elephant; literally “great butterfly,” from the resemblance of the trunk and ears to the butterfly’s proboscis and wings. Seenumber 15.
kanahe′na—a sour corn gruel, much in use among the Cherokee and other southern tribes; thetamfulior “Tom Fuller” of the Creeks.
kănăne′skĭ—spider; also, from a fancied resemblance in appearance, a watch or clock;kănăne′skĭ amăyĕ′hĭ, the water spider.
Kăna′sta, Kănastûñ′yĭ—a traditional Cherokee settlement formerly on the headwaters of the French Broad river near the present Brevard, in Transylvania county, North Carolina. The meaning of the name is lost. A settlement called Cannostee or Cannastion is mentioned as existing on Hiwassee river in 1776. Seenumber 82and notes.
kanâ′talu′hĭ—hominy cooked with walnut kernels.
Kana′tĭ— “Lucky Hunter”; a masculine name, sometimes abbreviatedKanat′. The word can not be analyzed, but is used as a third person habitual verbal form to mean “he is lucky, or successful, in hunting”; the opposite isuʻkwa′legû, “unlucky, or unsuccessful, in hunting.” Seenumber 3.
kanegwâ′tĭ—the water-moccasin snake.
Kănu′ga—also written Canuga; a Lower Cherokee settlement, apparently on the waters of Keowee river in South Carolina, destroyed in 1761; also a traditional settlement on Pigeon river, probably near the present Waynesville, in Haywood county, North Carolina. Seenumber 81and notes. The name signifies “a scratcher,” a sort of bone-toothed comb with which ball-players are scratched upon their naked skin preliminary to applying the conjured medicine;de′tsinuga′skû, “I am scratching it.”
kănugû′ʻlă (abbreviatednugû′ʻla)—“scratcher,” a generic term for the blackberry, raspberry, and other brier bushes. Cf.Kănu′ga.
Kănu′gûʻlâyĭ, or Kănu′gûʻlûñ′yĭ—“Brier place,” fromkănu′gû′ʻlâ, brier (cf.Kănu′ga); a Cherokee settlement formerly on Nantahala river, about the mouth of Briertown creek, in Macon county, North Carolina.
kănûñ′năwû′—pipe.
Kâsdu′yĭ—“Ashes place,” fromkâsdu, ashes, andyĭ, the locative. A modern Cherokee name for the town of Asheville, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. The ancient name for the same site isUnta′kiyasti′yĭ, q.v.
Katâl′stă—an East Cherokee woman potter, the daughter of the chief Yânăgûñ′skĭ. The name conveys the idea of lending, fromtsiyâtâl′stă, “I lend it”;agatâl′stă, “it is lent to him.”
Kăwân′-urâ′sûnyĭ (abbreviatedKăwân′-urâ′sûñin the Lower dialect)—“Where the duck fell” fromkăwâ′nă, duck,urâ′să(ulâ′să), “it fell,” andyĭ, locative. Apoint on Conneross creek (fromKăwân′-urâ′sûñ), near Seneca, in Oconee county, South Carolina. Seenumber 123.
Kawi′yĭ (abbreviatedKawi′)—a former important Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Cowee, about the mouth of Cowee creek of Little Tennessee river, some 10 miles below Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina. The name may possibly be a contraction ofAni′-Kawi′yĭ, “Place of the Deer clan.”
Keeowhee—seeKeowee.
Kenesaw—seeGănsâ′gĭ.
Keowee—the name of two or more former Cherokee settlements. One, sometimes distinguished as “Old Keowee,” the principal of the Lower Cherokee towns, was on the river of the same name, near the present Fort George, in Oconee county, South Carolina. Another, distinguished as New Keowee, was on the headwaters of Twelve-mile creek, in Pickens county, South Carolina. According to Wafford the correct form isKuwâhi′yĭ, abbreviatedKuwâhi′, “Mulberry-grove place”; says Wafford, “The whites murdered the name, as they always do.” Cf.Kuwâ′hĭ.
Ke′sĭ-ka′gămû—a woman’s name, a Cherokee corruption of Cassie Cockram;ka′gămûis also the Cherokee corruption for “cucumber.”
Ketoowah—seeKĭtu′hwă.
Kittuwa—seeKĭtu′hwă.
Kĭtu′hwă—An important ancient Cherokee settlement formerly upon Tuckasegee river, and extending from above the junction of Oconaluftee down nearly to the present Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. The name, which appears also as Kettooah, Kittoa, Kittowa, etc., has lost its meaning. The people of this and the subordinate settlements on the waters of the Tuckasegee were known asAni′-Kĭtu′hwagĭand the name was frequently extended to include the whole tribe. For this reason it was adopted in later times as the name of the Cherokee secret organization, commonly known to the whites as the Ketoowah society, pledged to the defense of Cherokee autonomy. See also historical notes 1 and 47.
kiyuʻga—ground-squirrel;te′wa, flying squirrel;sălâ′lĭ, gray squirrel.
Klausuna—seeTlanusi′yĭ.
Knoxville—seeKuwandâ′tâʻlûñ′yĭ.
kû!—an introductory exclamation, to fix attention, about equivalent to “Now!”
kukû′—“cymling”; also the “jigger weed,” or “pleurisy root” (Asclepias tuberosa). Coco creek of Hiwassee river, and Coker postoffice, in Monroe county Tennessee, derive their name from this word.
Kûlsetsi′yĭ (abbreviatedKûlse′tsi)—“Honey-locust place,” fromkûlse′tsĭ, honey-locust (Gleditschia) andyĭlocative; as the same word,kûlse′tsĭ, is also used for “sugar,” the local name has commonly been rendered Sugartown by the traders. The name of several former settlement places in the old Cherokee country. One was upon Keowee river, near the present Fall creek, in Oconee county, South Carolina; another was on Sugartown or Cullasagee (Kûlse′tsi) creek, near the present Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; a third was on Sugartown creek, near the present Morganton, in Fannin county, Georgia.
Kunnesee—seeTsi′yu-gûnsi′nĭ.
Kûnstûtsi′yĭ—“Sassafras place,” fromkûnstû′tsĭ, sassafras, andyĭ, locative. A gap in the Great Smoky range, about the head of Noland creek, on the line between North Carolina and Sevier county, Tennessee.
kûnu′nŭ (abbreviatedkûnun′)—the bullfrog; the name is probably an onomatope; the common green frog iswalâ′sĭand there are also names for several other varieties of frogs and toads.
Kusă′—Coosa creek, an upper tributary of Nottely river, near Blairsville, Union county, Georgia. The change of accent from Ku′să (Creek, seeAni′-Ku′sa) makes it locative. See page383.
Ku′să-nûñnâ′hĭ—“Creek trail,” fromKu′să, Creek Indian, andnûñnâ′hĭ, path, trail; cf.Suwâ′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ. A former important Cherokee settlement, including also a number of Creeks and Shawano, where the trail from the Ohio region to the Creek country crossed Tennessee river, at the present Guntersville, in Marshall county, Alabama. It was known to the traders as Creek-path, and later as Gunter’s landing, from a Cherokee mixed-blood named Gunter.
Ku′săweti′yĭ (abbreviatedKu′săweti′)—“Old Creek place,” fromKu′să, a Creek Indian (pluralAni′-Ku′sa),uwe′tĭ, old, andyĭ, locative. Coosawatee, an important Cherokee settlement formerly on the lower part of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Georgia. In one document the name appears, by error, Tensawattee. See page382.
Kuwâ′hĭ—“Mulberry place,” fromku′wă, mulberry tree, andhĭ, locative; Clingman’s dome, about the head of Deep creek, on the Great Smoky range, between Swain county, North Carolina, and Sevier county, Tennessee. See alsoKeowee.
Kuwandâ′taʻlûñ′yĭ (abbreviatedKuwandâ′taʻlûñ)—“Mulberry grove,” fromku′wă, mulberry; the Cherokee name for the present site of Knoxville, in Knox county, Tennessee.
Kwa′lĭ, Kwalûñ′yĭ—Qualla or Quallatown, the former agency for the East Cherokee and now a postoffice station, just outside the reservation, on a branch of Soco creek, in Jackson county, North Carolina. It is the Cherokee form for “Polly,” and the station was so called from an old woman of that name who formerly lived near by;Kwa′lĭ, “Polly,”Kwalûñ′yĭ, “Polly’s place.” The reservation is locally known as the Qualla boundary.
kwandăya′hû—seeda′lĭkstă′.
lâ′lû—the jar-fly (Cicada auletes). Seenumber 59.
Little Carpenter,Little Cornplanter—seeĂtă′-gûlʻkălû.
Lloyd—seeDa′siʻgiya′gĭ.
Long-hair—a Cherokee chief living with his band in Ohio in 1795. See page79. The literal Cherokee translation of “Long-hair” isGitlû′-gûnăhi′ta, but it is not certain that the English name is a correct rendering of the Indian form. Cf.Ani′-Gilâ′hĭ.
Long island—seeĂmăyeʻlĭ-gûnăhi′ta.
Lookout Mountain town—seeDanda′gănû′.
Lowrey, Major George—seeAgiʻlĭ.
Mayes, J. B.—seeTsâ′wă Gak′skĭ.
Memphis—seeTsudâ′tălesûñ′yĭ.
Mialaquo—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwa.
Morgan—seeÂganstâ′ta.
Moses—seeWă′sĭ.
Moytoy—a Cherokee chief recognized by the English as “emperor” in 1730. Both the correct form and the meaning of the name are uncertain; the name occurs again asMoyatoyin a document of 1792; a boy upon the East Cherokee reservation a few years ago bore the name of Ma′tayĭ′, for which no meaning can be given.
Muscle shoals—seeDăgû′nâhĭ.
Nacoochee—seeNa′guʻtsĭ′.
Na′dûʻlĭ′—known to the whites as Nottely. A former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river, close to the Georgia line, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The name cannot be translated and has no connection withnaʻtûʻlĭ, “spicewood.”
Naguʻtsĭ′—a former important settlement about the junction of Soquee and Santee rivers, in Nacoochee valley, at the head of Chattahoochee river, in Habersham county, Georgia. The meaning of the word is lost and it is doubtful if it be ofCherokee origin. It may have some connection with the name of the Uchee Indians. The great mound farther up Sautee river, in White county, was known to the Cherokee asItsâ′tĭ, q. v.
năkwĭsĭ′ (abbreviatednăkwʻsĭ)—star; also the meadow lark.
năkwĭsĭ′usdi′—“little star”; the puff ball fungus (Lycoperdon?).
Nâ′nă-tluʻgûñ′yĭ (abbreviatedNâ′nă-tluʻgûñ′, orNâ′nă-tsuʻgûñ′)—“Spruce-tree place,” fromnâ′nă, spruce,tluʻgûñ′ĭortsuʻgûñ′ĭ, a tree (standing) andyĭ, locative. 1. A traditional ancient Cherokee settlement on the site of Jonesboro, Washington county, Tennessee. The name of Nolichucky river is probably a corruption of the same word. 2.Nână-tsuʻgûñ, a place on Nottely river, close to its junction with Hiwassee, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.
Nanehi—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.
Nantahala—seeNûñdăye′ʻlĭ.
Nashville—seeDagû′năwe′lâhĭ.
Natchez—seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ.
Naʻts-asûñ′tlûñyĭ (abbreviatedNaʻts-asûñ′tlûñ)—“Pine-footlog place,” fromnaʻtsĭ, pine,asûñ′tlĭorasûñtlûñ′ĭ, footlog, bridge, andyĭ, locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Pinelog, on the creek of the same name, in Bartow county, Georgia.
naʻtsĭ—pine.
na′tsĭkû′—“I eat it” (tsĭ′kiû′, “I am eating”).
naʻtûʻlĭ—spicewood (Lindera benzoin).
Nayĕ′hĭ—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.
Nayunuwi—seeNûñyunu′wĭ.
nehanduyanû′—a song form fornehadu′yanû′, an irregular verbal form denoting “conceived in the womb.” Seenumber 75.
Nellawgitehi—given as the name of a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684. See page31. The correct form and meaning are both uncertain, but the final part seems to be the common suffixdihĭ′—, “killer,” Cf.Ta′gwădihĭ′.
Nenetooyah—seeIskagua.
Nequassee—seeNĭ′kwăsĭ′.
Nettecawaw—seegatayû′stĭ.
Nettle-carrier—seeTâle′danigi′skĭ.
New Echota,Newtown—seeItsâ′tĭ.
Nickajack—seeNĭkutse′gĭ.
Nicotani—seeAni′-Kuta′nĭ.
Nĭkwăsĭ′ (orNikwʼsĭ′)—an important ancient settlement on Little Tennessee river, where now is the town of Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina. A large mound marks the site of the townhouse. The name appears in old documents as Nequassee, Nucassee, etc. Its meaning is lost.
Nĭkutse′gĭ (alsoNûkătse′gĭ,Nikwătse′gĭ, or abbreviatedNĭkutseg′)—Nickajack, an important Cherokee settlement about 1790 on the south bank of Tennessee river at the entrance of Nickajack creek, in Marion county, Tennessee. One of the five Chickamauga towns (seeTsĭkăma′gĭ). The meaning of the word is lost and it is probably not of Cherokee origin, although it occurs also in the tribe as a man’s name. In the corrupted form of “Nigger Jack,” it occurs also as the name of a creek of Cullasagee river above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina.
Nilaque—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwă.
Nolichucky—seeNâ′nătluʻgûñ′yĭ.
Notchy—a creek entering Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee. The name evidently refers to Natchez Indian refugees, who formerly lived in the vicinity (seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ).
Nottely—seeNa′dûʻlĭ′.
nû—used as a suffix to denote “and,” or “also”;û′lĕ-ʻnû, “and also”;na′skiʻ-nû′, “and that,” “that also.”
Nucassee—seeNĭkwăsĭ′.
nu′dûñnelû′—he didso and so; an irregular form apparently connected with the archaic formsadûñni′ga, “it has just become so,” andudûñnû′, “it is matured, or finished.” Seenumber 118.
nûñ′dă′—the sun or moon, distinguished asnûñ′dă′ igĕ′hĭ, “nûñ′dã′dwelling in the day,” andnûñ′dă′ sûñnâ′yĕhĭ, “nûñ′dă′dwelling in the night.” In the sacred formulas the moon is sometimes calledGeʻyăgu′ga, q. v., orSu′tălidihĭ′, “Six-killer,” names apparently founded upon myths now lost.
nûñ′dă′-dikaʻnĭ—a rare bird formerly seen occasionally in the old Cherokee country, possibly the little blue heron (Floridus cerulea). The name seems to mean “it looks at the sun,” i. e., “sun-gazer,” fromnûñ′dă′, sun, andda′kaʻnă′ordetsi′kaʻnă, “I am looking at it.” Seenumber 35.
Nûñ′dâgûñ′yĭ, Nûñdâ′yĭ—the Sun land, or east; fromnûñdă′, sun, andyĭ, locative. Used in the sacred formulas instead ofdi′gălûñgûñ′yĭ, “where it rises,” the common word.
Nûñ′dăyeʻlĭ—“Middle (i. e. Noonday) sun,” fromnûñdă′, sun andayeʻlĭ, middle; a former Cherokee settlement on Nantahala river, near the present Jarrett station, in Macon county, North Carolina, so called from the high cliffs which shut out the view of the sun until nearly noon. The name appears also as Nantahala, Nantiyallee, Nuntialla, etc. It appears to have been applied properly only to the point on the river where the cliffs are most perpendicular, while the settlement itself was known asKanu′gûʻlâ′yĭ, “Briertown,” q. v. Seenumber 122.
Nugătsa′nĭ—a ridge sloping down to Oconaluftee river, below Cherokee, in Swain county, North Carolina. The word is an archaic form denoting a high ridge with a long gradual slope. Seenumber 122.
nûñ′gĭ′—four. Seehĭ′skĭ.
nugûʻla—seekănugûʻla.
Nuhnayie—seeNûñnĕ′hĭ.
nu′nă—potato; the name was originally applied to the wild “pig potato” (Phaseolus), now distinguished asnu′nă igâtĕhĭ, “swamp-dwelling potato.”
Nûndăwe′gĭ—seeAni′-Nûndăwe′gĭ.
nûñnâ′hĭ (abbreviatednûñnâ)—a path, trail or road.
Nûñnâ′hĭ-dihĭ′ (abbreviatedNûñ′nâ-dihĭ′)—“Path-killer,” literally, “He kills (habitually) in the path,” fromnûñ′nâhĭ, path, andahihĭ, “he kills” (habitually); “I am killing,”tsi′ihû′. A principal chief, about the year 1813. Major John Ridge was originally known by the same name, but afterward took the name,Gûnûñ′daʻle′gĭ, “One who follows the ridge,” which the whites made simply Ridge.
Nûnnâ′hĭ-tsune′ga (abbreviated)Nûñnâ-tsune′ga—“White-path,” fromnûñnâ′hĭ, path, andtsune′ga, plural ofune′ga, white; the form is in the plural, as is common in Indian names, and has probably a symbolic reference to the “white” or peaceful paths spoken of in the opening invocation at the Green corn dance. A noted chief who led the conservative party about 1828. See pages113,132.
Nûñnĕ′hĭ (alsoGûñnĕ′hĭ; singularNayĕ′hĭ)—a race of invisible spirit people. The name is derived from the verbĕ′hû′, “I dwell, I live,”ĕ′hĭ′, “I dwell habitually,” and may be rendered “dwellers anywhere,” or “those who live anywhere,” but implies having always been there, i. e., “Immortals.” It has been spelledNanehiandNuhnayieby different writers. The singular formNayĕ′hĭoccurs also as a personal name, about equivalent toEdă′hĭ, “One who goes about.” Seenumber 78.
nuniyu′stĭ—“potato-like,” fromnu′nă, potato, andiyu′stĭ, like. A flowering vine with tuberous root somewhat resembling the potato. Seenumber 126.
nûñyû′—rock, stone. Cf.nâyŭ, sand
Nûñyû′-gûñwani′skĭ—“Rock that talks,” fromnûñyû′, rock, andtsiwa′nihû, “I am talking.” A rock from which Talking-rock creek of Coosawatee river in Georgia derives its name. Seenumber 125.
Nûñ′yunu′wĭ—contracted fromNûñyû-unu′wĭ. “Stone-clad,” fromnûñyû, rock, andagwănu′wû, “I am clothed or covered.” A mythic monster, invulnerable by reason of his stony skin. Seenumber 67. The name is also applied sometimes to the stinging ant,dasûñtâlĭ atatsûñskĭ, q. v. It has also been spelledNayunuwi.
Nûñyû′-tluʻgûñĭ (orNûñyû-tsuʻgûñ′ĭ)—“Tree rock.” A notable rock on Hiwassee river, just within the North Carolina line. Seenumber 66and notes.
Nûñyû′-tăwi′skă—“Slick rock,” fromnûñyû′, rock, andtăwiskă, smooth, slick; the form remains unchanged for the locative. 1. Slick-rock creek, entering Little Tennessee river just within the west line of Graham county, North Carolina. 2. A place at the extreme head of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia.
Ocoee—seeUwagâ′hĭ.
Oconaluftee—seeEgwânulʻtĭ.
Oconee—seeUkwû′nû.
Oconostota—seeÂganstâ′ta.
Old Tassel—seeUtsi′dsătă′.
Ooltewah—seeUltiwâ′ĭ.
Oolunsade—seeUlûñsû′tĭ.
Oostanaula—seeU stăna′lĭ.
Oostinaleh—seeU stăna′lĭ.
Oothcaloga—seeUyʻgilâ′gĭ.
Otacite,Otassite—seeOutacity.
Otari,Otariyatiqui—mentioned as a place, apparently on the Cherokee frontier, visited by Pardo in 1567. Otari seems to be the Cherokeeâtărĭorâtălĭ, mountain, but the rest of the word is doubtful. See page28.
Ottare—seeâ′tălĭ.
Owasta—given as the name of a Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified. See page31.
Ougillogy—seeUyʻgilâ′gĭ.
Outacity—given in documents as the name or title of a prominent Cherokee chief about 1720. It appears also as Otacite, Otassite, Outassatah, Wootassite and Wrosetasatow (!), but the form cannot be identified, although it seems to contain the personal name suffixdihĭ′, “killer.” Timberlake says (page 71): “There are some other honorary titles among them, conferred in reward of great actions; the first of which is Outacity or Man-killer, and the second Colona or the Raven.”
Outassatah—seeOutacity.
Owassa—seeAyuhwa′sĭ.
Paint-town—seeAni′-Wâ′dihĭ′.
Path-killer—seeNûñnâ′hi-dihĭ′.
Phœnix, Cherokee—seeTsule′hisanûñ′hĭ.
Pigeon River—seeWâyĭ.
Pine Indians—seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ.
Pinelog—seeNaʻts-asûñ′tlûñyĭ.
Qualatchee—a former Cherokee settlement on the headwaters of the Chattahoochee river in Georgia; another of the same name was upon the waters of Keowee river in South Carolina. The correct form is unknown.
Qualla—seeKwalĭ.
Quaxule—seeGuaxule.
Quinahaqui—a place, possibly in the Cherokee country, visited by Pardo in 1567. The form cannot be identified. See page28.
Quoneashee—seeTlanusi′yĭ.
Rattlesnake springs—seeUtsanătiyĭ.
Rattling-gourd—seeGănsĕʻtĭ.
Raventown—seeKâlănûñ′yĭ.
Red Clay—seeElăwâ′diyĭ.
Reid, Jesse—seeTse′si-Ska′tsĭ.
Ridge, Major John—seeNûñnâ′hĭ-dihĭ.
Ross, John—seeGu′wisguwĭ′.
Ross’ landing—seeTsatănu′gĭ.
Sadayĭ′—a feminine name, the proper name of the woman known to the whites as Annie Ax; it cannot be translated.
Sâgwâ′hĭ, or Sâgwûñ′yĭ—“One place,” fromsâ′gwû, one, andhĭoryĭ, locative. Soco creek of Oconaluftee river, on the East Cherokee reservation, in Jackson county, North Carolina. No satisfactory reason is given for the name, which has its parallel inTsâskâ′hĭ, “Thirty place,” a local name in Cherokee county, in the same state.
sâ′gwălĭ′, horse; fromasâgwâlihû, a pack or burden,asâgwŭllû′; “there is a pack on him.”
sâ′gwălĭ dĭgû′lanăhi′ta—mule; literally “long eared horse,” fromsâ′gwălĭ, horse, anddigû′lanăhi′ta, q. v.
Sâkwi′yĭ (orSuki′yĭ; abbreviatedSâkwi′orSuki′)—a former settlement on Soquee river, a head-stream ofChattahoochee, near Clarkesville, Habersham county, Georgia. Also written Saukee and Sookee. The name has lost its meaning.
sălâ′lĭ—squirrel; the common gray squirrel; other varieties arekiyuʻga, the ground squirrel, andtewa, the flying squirrel.Sălâ′lĭwas also the name of an East Cherokee inventor who died a few years ago;Sălâ′lăni′ta, “Young-squirrels,” is a masculine personal name on the reservation.
săligu′gĭ—turtle, the common water turtle; soft-shell turtle,uʻlănă′wă; land tortoise or terrapin,tûksĭ′.
sălikwâ′yĭ—bear-grass (Eryngium); also the greensnake, on account of a fancied resemblance; the name of a former Cherokee settlement on Sallacoa creek of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Georgia.
Sa′nigilâ′gĭ (abbreviatedSanʻgilâ′gĭ)—Whiteside mountain, a prominent peak of the Blue ridge, southeast from Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina. It is connected with the tradition of Uʻtlûñ′ta (seenumber 66and notes).
Santeetla—the present map name of a creek joining Cheowa river in Graham county, North Carolina, and of a smaller tributary (Little Santeetla). The name is not recognized or understood by the Cherokee, who insist that it was given by the whites. Little Santeetla is known to the Cherokee asTsundaʻnilti′yĭ, q. v.; the main Santeetla creek is commonly known asNâgu′hĭ geyûñ′ĭ, “Sand-place stream,” fromNûyu′hiĭ, “Sand place” (nâyŭ, sand), a former settlement just above the junction of the two creeks.
Sara—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.
sa′sa′—goose; an onomatope.
Sautee—seeItsâ′tĭ.
Savannah—the popular name of this river is derived from that of the Shawano Indians, formerly living upon its middle course, and known to the Cherokee asAni′-Sawănu′gĭ, q. v., to the Creeks asSavanuka, and to some of the coast tribesof Carolina asSavanna. In old documents the river is also calledIsundiga, fromIʻsû′nigûorSeneca, q. v., an important former Cherokee settlement upon its upper waters. Seenumber 99.
Sawănu′gĭ—“Shawano” (Indian); a masculine personal name upon the East Cherokee reservation and prominent in the history of the band. SeeAnĭ′-Sawănu′gĭandKâ′lahû′.
Sawnook—seeKâ′lahû′.
Sehwate′yĭ—“Hornet place,”fromse′hwatû, hornet, andyĭ, locative. Cheowa Maximum and Swim bald, adjoining bald peaks at the head of Cheowa river, Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.
selu—corn; sometimes called in the sacred formulasAgawe′la, “The Old Woman.” Seenumber 126.
sel-utsĭ′ (forselu-utsĭ′)—“corn’s mother,” fromselu, corn andutsĭ′, his mother (etsĭ′oragitsĭ′, my mother); the bead-corn or Job’s-tears (Coix lacryma). Seenumber 126.
Seneca—seeAni′-Nûn′dăwe′gĭ(Seneca tribe), andIʻsû′nigû, (Seneca town).
Sequatchee—seeSĭ′gwetsĭ′.
Sequoya—seeSikwâyĭ.
Sĕʻtsĭ—a mound and traditional Cherokee settlement on the south side of Valley river, about three miles below Valleytown, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; the name has lost its meaning. Seenumber 79. A settlement calledTăsĕʻtsĭ(Tassetchiein some old documents) existed on the extreme head of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Georgia.
Sevier—seeTsan′-usdi′.
Shoe-boots—seeDa′siʻgiya′gĭ.
Shooting creek—seeDu′stăyaʻlûñy′yĭ.
Sĭ′gwetsĭ′—a traditional Cherokee settlement on the south bank of the French Broad river, not far from Knoxville, Knox county, Tennessee. Near by was the quarry from which it is said the stone for the white peace pipes was obtained. Seenumber 111and notes. Sequatchee, the name of the river below Chattanooga, in Tennessee, is probably a corruption of the same word.
sĭ′kwă—hog; originally the name of the opossum, now distinguished assĭ′kwă utset′stĭ, q. v.
sĭ′kwă utset′stĭ—opossum: literally “grinning hog,” fromsĭ′kwă, hog, andutset′stĭ, “he grins (habitually).” Cf.sĭkwă.
Sikwâ′yĭ—a masculine name, commonly written Sequoya, made famous as that of the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet. See page108. The name, which can not be translated, is still in use upon the East Cherokee reservation.
Sikwi′ă—a masculine name, the Cherokee corruption for Sevier. See alsoTsan-usdi′.
sinnawah—seetlă′nuwă.
Sĭ′tikû′ (orsû′tăgû′, in dialectic form)—a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river at the entrance of Citico creek, in Monroe county, Tennessee. The name, which can not be translated, is commonly spelled Citico, but appears also as Sattiquo, Settico, Settacoo, Sette, Sittiquo, etc.
siyu′—seeâ′siyu′.
skĭntâ′—forskĭn′tâgû′, understood to mean “put a new tooth into my jaw.” The word can not be analyzed, but is derived fromgăntkă′(gantaʻgăin a dialectic form) a tooth in place; a tooth detached iskăyuʻgă. Seenumber 15.
Skwan′-digûʻgûñ′yî (forAskwan′-digûʻgûñ′yĭ)—“Where the Spaniard is in the water [or other liquid]”. A place on Upper Soco creek, on the reservation in Jackson county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.
Slick rock—seeNûñyû′-tăwi′skă.
Smith, N. J.—seeTsalădihĭ′.
Snowbird—seeTuti′yĭ.
Soco creek—seeSâgwâ′hĭ.
Soco gap—seeĂhălu′na.
Soquee—seeSâkwi′yĭ.
Spray, H. W.—seeWĭlsĭnĭ′.
Spring-Frog—seeDu′stu′.
Standing Indian—seeYûñwĭ-tsulenûñ′yĭ.
Stand Watie—seeDe′gatâgă.
Stekoa—seeStikâ′yĭ.
ste′tsi—your daughter; literally, your offspring;agwe′tsĭ, “my offspring”;uwe′tsĭ, “his offspring”; to distinguish sex it is necessary to addasga′ya, “man” orage′hya, “woman.”
Stikâ′yĭ (variously spelled Stecoe, Steecoy, Stekoah, Stickoey, etc.)—the name of several former Cherokee settlements: 1. On Sticoa creek, near Clayton, Rabun county,Georgia; 2. on Tuckasegee river at the old Thomas homestead just above the present Whittier, in Swain county, North Carolina; 3. on Stekoa creek of Little Tennessee river, a few miles below the junction of Nantahala, in Graham county, North Carolina. The word has lost its meaning.
Stringfield—seeTlâge′sĭ.
stugi′stĭ, stui′stĭ—a key; see page187and underAstu′gatâ′ga.
Suck, The—seeÛñ′tiguhĭ′.
Sugartown—seeKûlse′tsi′yĭ.
sû′năwă′—seetlă′nuwă.
sûnĕstlâ′tă—“split noses”; seetsunûʻliyû′ sûnĕstlâ′tă.
sûñgĭ—mink; also onion; the name seems to refer to a smell; the various mints are called generically,gawʻsûñ′gĭ. Seenumber 29.
Suki′yĭ—another form ofSâkwi′yĭ, q.v.
su′lĭ′—buzzard; the Creek name is the same.
Sun land—seeNûñ′dă′yĭ.
su′-să′-sai′—an unmeaning song refrain. Seenumber 66.
su′tălidihĭ′—seenûñ′dă′.
Suwa′li—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.
Suwa′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ (abbreviatedSuwa′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ)—“Suwali trail,” the proper name for the gap at the head of Swannanoa (fromSuwa′lĭ-Nûñ′nâ) river, east of Asheville, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. Cf.Ku′să-nûñnâ′hĭ. See pages194and379, alsoAni′-Suwa′lĭ.
Suwaʻnĭ—a former Cherokee settlement on Chattahoochee river, about the present Suwanee, in Gwinnett county, Georgia. The name has no meaning in the Cherokee language and is said to be of Creek origin. See page382.
Suye′ta—“The Chosen One,” fromasuye′ta, “he is chosen,”gasu′yeû, “I am choosing”; the same form,suye′ta, could also mean mixed, fromgasu′yăhû, “I am mixing it.” A masculine name, at present borne by a prominent ex-chief and informant upon the East Cherokee reservation.
Swannanoa—seeSuwa′lĭ-nûñnâ′hĭ.
Swim bald—seeSehwate′yĭ.
Swimmer—seeAʻyûñ′inĭ.
tadeyâ′statakûhĭ′—“we shall see each other.” Seenumber 75.
Tae-keo-ge—seeTaʻski′gĭ.
ta′gû—the June-bug (Allorhina nitida), also calledtu′ya-dĭskalawʼsti′skĭ, “one who keeps fire under the beans.” Seenumber 59.
Ta′gwa—seeAni′ta′gwa.
Ta′gwădihĭ′ (abbreviatedTa′gwădi′)—“Catawba-killer,” fromAta′gwaorTa′gwa, Catawba Indian, anddihihĭ, “he kills them” (habitually) fromtsi′ihû′,“I kill.” An old masculine personal name, still in use upon the East Cherokee reservation. It was the proper name of the chief known to the whites about 1790 as “The Glass,” from a confusion of this name withadakĕ′ʻtĭ, glass, or mirror.
Tagwâ′hĭ—“Catawba place,” fromAta′gwaorTa′gwa, Catawba Indian, andhĭ, locative. A name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country. A settlement of this name, known to the whites as Toccoa, was upon Toccoa creek, east of Clarkesville, in Habersham county, Georgia; another was upon Toccoa or Ocoee river, about the present Toccoa, in Fannin county, Georgia; a third may have been on Persimmon creek, which is known to the Cherokee asTagwâ′hĭ, and enters Hiwassee river some distance below Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.
Tahkeyostee—seeUnta′kiyasti′yĭ.
Tahlequah—seeTălikwă′.
Tahchee—seeTătsĭ′.
Takatoka—seeDe′gătâ′gă.
tă′lădŭ′ (abbreviatedtăldŭ′)—twelve, fromtă′lĭ, two. Cf.tăla′tŭ, cricket.
Tăʻlasĭ′—a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, about Talassee ford, in Blount county, Tennessee. The name has lost its meaning.
Talassee—seeTăʻlasĭ′.
tăla′tŭ—cricket; sometimes also calleddita′staye′skĭ(q. v.), “the barber.” Cf.tă′lădŭ′, twelve.
Tâle′danigi′skĭ (Utâle′danigi′sĭ, in a dialectic form)—variously rendered by the whites “Hemp-carrier,” “Nettle-carrier” or “Flax-toter,” fromtâle′taorutâle′ta, flax (Linum) or rich weed (Pilea pumila), anddanigi′skĭ, “he carries them (habitually).” A former prominent chief on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. Seenumber 95and notes.
Talihina—given as the name of the Cherokee wife of Samuel Houston; the form cannot be identified. See page223.
Tălikwă′ (commonly written Tellico, Telliquo or, in the Indian Territory, Tahlequah)—the name of several Cherokee settlements at different periods, viz: 1. Great Tellico, at Tellico Plains, on Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee; 2. Little Tellico, on Tellico creek of Little Tennessee river, about ten miles below Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; 3. a town on Valley river, about five miles above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina; 4. Tahlequah, established as the capital of the Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory, in 1839. The meaning of the name is lost.
Tali′wă—the site of a traditional battle between the Cherokee and Creeks about 1755, on Mountain (?) creek of Etowah river in upper Georgia. Probably not a Cherokee but a Creek name from the Creekta′luaorita′lua, town. See pages38and384–385.
Talking-rock—seeNûñyû′-gûñwani′skĭ.
Tallulah—seeTălulŭ′.
Tăl-tsu′skă′— “Two-heads,” fromtă′lĭ, two, andtsu′skă′, plural ofuskă′, (his) head. A Cherokee chief about the year 1800, known to the whites as Doublehead.
talulĭ—pregnant; whencealulĭ′, (she is) a mother, said of a woman.
Tălulŭ′ (commonly written Tallulah, and appearing in old documents, from the Lower dialect, as Taruraw, Toruro, Turoree, etc.)—a name occurring in two or more places in the old Cherokee country, viz: 1. An ancient settlement on the upper part of Tallulah river, in Rabun county, Georgia; 2. a town on Tallulah creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. The word is of uncertain etymology. Thedulu′sĭfrog is said to crytălulŭ′. Seenumber 125. The noted falls upon Tallulah river are known to the Cherokee asUgûñ′yĭ, q. v.