OTHER VISITORS AND CAPTIVES.[309]

1801–1813

Abernethy, James. Adams, John. Addison, Dr., escaped. Ainsley. Ainsworth, Jas. Wroth. Aitken, David, surgeon, Glasgow. Aitken, Robert. Aitken, Thomas, banker. Allen, Major Alex. Allen, Major John. Allen, Luke. Allsop, Barleton. Anderson, Lieut. Thomas. Andrews, Alex. Andrews, Henry. Annesley, Gilbert. Anstey, Capt. Anstruther, Col. David. Arbuthnot, Major Thos. Arcedeckne, Jas. Archdall, Edward. Argle, Capt. Geo. Arthur, Daniel, secretary to Portuguese Embassy. Ashford, Wm. Ashton, Jno. Ashworth, escaped. Atkinson, Jno. Atkinson, Wm. Aubrey, Major. Austin, Jno. Austin, Thos.

Balfour, Jno. Balgrove. Ballantyne, Jas. Banks, Jos. Barber, Capt. Barretti, Jas. Barry, Edwd. Bateman, Wm. Battley, Geo. Bazalgette, Louis. Beamish, Chas. Beaumont, Chas. Beckwith, Samuel. Benson, Capt. Richd., escaped. Bentham, Wm. Bermingham, Lieut. Bernard, Geo. Berry, Jno. Best, Louis. Betts, Charles. Betts, Geo. Bevington, Geo. Bingham. Birch, Capt. Jno. Birch, Major Thos. Blackmore, Robt. Blair, Capt. Hunter. Blake, Arthur. Blake, Benj. Blake, Col. Wm. Blanckney. Bode, Jno., escaped. Bold, Peter. Bold, Lieut. Thos. Bonham, Jno., barrister. Boothby, Capt. (afterwards Rev.) Charles. Bord, Jno. Botwright, Wm. Bourne, Samuel. Bouverie, Capt. Bowles, Lieut. Humphrey. Bradby, Jas., barrister. Bradford, Lieut.-Col. Brandrum, Thos. Brenton, Sir J. Brettell, Jno. Brewer, Capt., escaped. Brewer, Edward. Bridge, Wm. Briggins, Dr. Brine, escaped. Brodie, Capt. Brown, Capt., escaped. Brown, Lieut. Bruce, Alex. Buchanan, Jas. Bunbury, Thos. Burke, Major Fras. Burns, Major. Burrows, Dr. Geo. M. Burton, Jas. Byrne, Jas.

Campbell, R. Campbell of Jamaica. Carleton, Jno. Carey, Capt. Carey, Peter. Carron. Casenove. Cavendish, Geo. andLouis. Channing, Jno. and Thos. Chetham, Col. Christie, Fras. Clarke, Dr. Jas. Clifton, Capt. Colvert, Gen. Colville, Geo. Combe, Capt. Congreve, Capt. Conolly. Cooper, Rev. Sir Wm. Cope, Lieut.-Col. Corbett, Jas. Cotterell. Courtenay, Wm. Courvoisier, Peter. Cox, Col. Craufurd, Lieut. Jas. Hy. Craufurd, Rev. Jno. Creswick, Fred. Croke, Jno. Cussans, Thos. Cusy. Cuthbert, Jno. Ramsay. Cutler.

Dacre. Dale, Jos., escaped. Dalrymple, Capt. Dalyell, Wm. Daniell, Wm. Darby, escaped. Dare. David, Dr. Davies. Deane, Capt. De Boyne, Gen. Devonshire, Col. Fras. D’Ivernois, Col. Dobson, Geo. Douglas, Mrs. Dowse, Major. Duff, Col. Dukinfield, Sir N. Dupré, Wm. Dyson, Geo.

Elrington. Elwin. Este. Eustace, Major. Evans.

Fagin. Falkenham. Fane, Capt., released. Fiott. Fitzgerald, Richd. Fletcher, Edward. Floyd, Gen. Sir Jno. Forsyth. Foster, Peter Le Neve, father of the scientist. Fox, Dr., escaped. Fraser, escaped. Fulk.

Garland, Jno. Watt. Garland, Peter. Gamier. Gellibrand, Wm. George, Lieut. Gerrard, Alex., liberated. Gerrard, Capt. Jno. Giffard, Jno. Goodman. Gordon, Col. Green, Jos. Grey, Sir Thomas. Grosvenor, Mary.

Halifax. Hankey, Jno. Peter. Hare. Harvey, Col. Hawey, Col. Heathcote. Henderson. Hendley, Capt. Hewitson, Dr. Hibberd. Hill, Samuel. Hill, Thos. Hodgson, Thos. Carlisle. Hollond, Thos. Honywood, Courtenay. Hooke, Chas. Howard, Capt. Humphreys, Wm. Hunter, Orby. Hutchins.

Jackson, Edward. Jackson, John. Jackson, Mills, escaped. Jackson, Richmond. Jackson, Wm., liberated. Jenner, Wm. Johnston, Major. Jones, Lieut.

Kennedy. Kensington, Charles. Kensington, J. B. King, Geo. Kingston, Major Strickland. Kinnersley.

Later. Laurens, Dr. Geo. Lee, Wm. Leigh, Philip, escaped. Le Mesurier, Fras. Le Soulf, Hauteville. Leveson-Gower, Capt. Wm. Light. Little, escaped. Livie, Alex. Lloyd, Dr. Wm. Lorimer. Lynch, Gen.

Macdonnell, Jas. Macdonnell, Jos. Macfarlane. Mackay, Capt. Mackenzie, Major, escaped. Macnamara, Col. Macnamara, Geo. MacTaggart, Sir Jno. Madan. Mandeville, Robt. Massingberd, C. Burrell. Masterson. Maude, Jno. Baptist. May, Dr. Mercer, Jos., died at Bitche. Merivale, Robert. Montgomerie, Thos. and Geo., liberated. Moore, Anthony. Moore, Col. Moore, Jno., liberated. Mountney. Muriel. Murray, Col.Nasmyth, Capt. Jas. Marshall. Newman, Henry. Newland, Gideon. Nicholson, Col., escaped.

O’Byrne. Oliphant, Edward. Olive. O’Reardon Otto. Ouvrard.

Palmer, Gen. Thos. Palmer, Mrs. Parsons. Pater, Capt. Paterson, Dr. Jas. Philipps, Jno. Burton and Nathaniel. Pigott, Gillery. Pigott, Jno., Hy., and Edwd. Pilling, Jno. Plunket, Oliver and Peter. Popham, Major. Potter, Ralph. Power, Capt. Power, Jno. Prescott, Lieut. Pridham, Lieut.

Raikes, Capt. Rennell, Capt. Richardson, Col. Ridman. Roberts. Roupell Sir (?) Win. Ruddock, Col. Rumsey, Major. Russell, Wm. Thos.

St. Leger, Harewood (son of Viscount Doneraile?). Scott, Col. Scott-Moncrieff. Shuttleworth, Jos. Sibbald. Smith, Rev. Dr. Spalding, Col. Spencer, Col. (qy.Gen. Wm.). Stack, Jno., mineralogist. Stacpoole, Capt. Stanhope, Capt. Chas. and Hy., midshipman (sons of Lord Chesterfield); Henry, escaped. Strachey, Capt., R.N. Sutton, Capt., escaped. Swayne, Col. Hy.

Taylor, Edward. Tindall, Lieut.-Col. Travers. Trevelyan. Truelock, Wm. Tupper, naturalised. Turton, Thos., bishop of Ely.

Walker, Capt., escaped. Walpole, Jno., Robt., Edwd. Wardrop, Cunningham, Glasgow, aged 17. Warburton, Willis. Warwick. Wayland. Wetherdown. Whitaker, Capt., escaped. White, Rev. Wm., vicar of Lancaster, escaped. Willis, Richd. and Thos. of Scarborough, died at Bitche. Windham, Frances. Wingfield, Col. Wolfe, Rev. Robt. Woodford, Jno. Alex. Worth, son of admiral. Wright, Jno. Masey, artist. Wyndham, Col.

1814–1815.

Ainslie, Miss. Bennett, Wm., bishop of Cloyne. Black, Capt. Clive. Colnaghi, jun., printseller. Du Cane. Heneage. James, Sir Walter. Leman. Lutwyche. Planta, Edwd. Robertson. Rotch, Benj. Seymour, Hy. Swinburne. Twining, Richd. Vyner, Miss. Whalley, Thos. Sedgwick, D.D. Wyburn.

Printed by T. and A.Constable, Printers to His Majestyat the Edinburgh University Press

FOOTNOTES:[1]National Archives, F. 7, 2231. SeeEnglish Historical Review, October 1899.[2]A. F. iv. 1490–1563. References not otherwise indicated relate to the French Archives.[3]Jefferson also placed his daughter there.[4]This was granted in 1800 to John Cleaver Banks in order to examine manuscripts in the National Library.[5]Camelford, in 1802, sold the borough for £42,000 to Dupré Porcher.[6]Times, March 3, 1801.[7]In January 1793, quitting his wife, he followed to Paris Aimé de Coigny, Duchess de Fleury, of whom he had become the paramour at Rome, and who had gone to London for her accouchement. Being arrested, he applied to her previous lover Lauzun to procure his release, but was liberated without any necessity of mediation and returned to London.[8]Pitt was inclined in 1797 to entertain the overture, but the Frenchcoup d’étatput an end to negotiations. SeeFortescue Papers, iii. pp. 356–357. The French authorities ordered Melville’s arrest, but he apparently fled in time, and coolly revisited Paris in 1802.[9]The Jacobins were scandalised at the pomp with which he entered Paris, where the market-women waited on him to make and receive presents.[10]Talbot, when acting at Berne in Wickham’s absence in 1797, advanced money to French conspirators for a scheme of massacring the members of the Directory at the Luxembourg, and he applied to his Government for further funds for that purpose; but Grenville and Canning refused to countenance the scheme and directed him to get back the money (Martel,Historiens Fantaisistes). Though thus rebuked Talbot was not dismissed.[11]J. F. Neville,Leisure Moments.[12]Detected in 1802 he was hanged for the murder of Sergeant Armstrong at Goree in 1782.[13]This was a saving of expense, for Napoleon had refused to pay the £2,000,000 demanded for their maintenance.[14]It is pleasant to think that Lauriston, Macdonald, and Clarke, three men of British extraction, were among the few French generals who on Napoleon’s return from Elba remained faithful to the Bourbons.[15]M.P. for Eye in 1820.[16]The suit of carriages for the use of Marquis Cornwallis in France consists of a town coach, the body yellow, with arms, supporters, crests, and the Order of the Garter, surrounded with mantles, all highly emblazoned. The lining morocco with rich silk lace, and reclining cushions of silk and morocco. The carriage crane-neck; the hammer-cloth a bear-skin ornamented with silver paws. A town chariot painted to correspond, with arms, supporters, crests, and the Garter, but no mantles; crane-neck. A travelling coach, painted the same; crane-neck with imperials, etc. Harness has been made for twelve horses ornamented with silver in coronets, crests, and the Garter, with reins, tassels, and toppings, decorated with silk button-hangers.—Times.[17]The termination of the Congress at Amiens was an object of the deepest regret to the Prefects and officers, civil as well as military. The establishment of each ambassador had its particular merit. That of Marquis Cornwallis was distinguished for the magnificence of his liveries, and the splendour of his table and equipage. On all his grand dinners, his Lordship had twelve servants in rich liveries, besides sixValets-de-Chambrealso in a kind of scarlet uniform.But in regard to the luxuries of the table, and the choice of his wines, citizen Schimmelpenninck, the Batavian plenipotentiary, outdid all other competition. He had his turbot and eels from Holland, pike and perch from the Rhine; and the heaths and woods of Provence supplied him with game. No wonder that the absence of such a man should be lamented by theMayor and Common Councilof that city.—Times, April 2, 1802.[18]The Warrens and the Jacksons were kinsmen, for in 1796 a Rev. Dawson Warren had married Caroline Jackson.[19]Despatches, Record Office.[20]In 1809 he was appointed minister at Washington.[21]He died from a hunting accident in 1815.[22]Afterwards minister to the Argentine Republic.[23]Son of Lord Pierrepont (created Earl Manvers in 1806).[24]The embassy apparently required a Frenchman to translate or correct its letters to Talleyrand, for in 1804 François Soulès, who had lived twelve years in England and had translated English works, applied for the Legion of Honour on the ground that he had not only helped to capture the Bastille, but had been employed by Whitworth.[25]Rogers,Italy.[26]A. F. 1539–1543.[27]The return coach left Paris at 6A.M., but from July 1802 there was also aberlinewith six places which started at 4P.M., travelled all night, and arrived as soon as the morning coach.[28]Practical Guide ... London to Paris.R. Phillips, 1802.[29]Mrs. F. E. King,Tour in France.[30]In 1814, according to Kirwan, the fishwives no longer carried passengers on their backs, but wading through the water tugged or pushed small boats ashore. But Richard Bernard Boyle was carried ashore by three men, one holding each leg and the third pushing behind.[31]Also his biographer. Trotter died in poverty in 1818, aged forty-three.[32]Her age is given in the police register as sixty-three, but as she died in 1842 at the age of ninety-two, she was really only fifty-two. Fox’s age, on the other hand, is given as fifty, whereas it was fifty-three. The ages in the register seem sometimes to be hotel-keepers’ random guesses.[33]Ashton,English Caricature on Napoleon.[34]Adair,Mission to the Court of Vienna, p. 505.[35]Chaptal,Industrie Française, 1817.[36]Remacle,Bonaparte et les Bourbons.[37]Duchesse d’Abrantès,Mémoires.[38]European Magazine, 1802.[39]Lascases speaks by mistake of a statue.[40]For full list see Appendix A.[41]Dropmore Papers, ii. 11.[42]La Réveillère Lepaux,Mémoires.[43]A. Young,Journal.[44]The Francis Letters, 1901.[45]Pasquier,Mémoires, vol. iv.[46]F. 7, 3759.[47]Duchesse d’Abrantès,Souvenirs; di Salvo,Travels in 1806.[48]Buckingham,Court and Cabinets of George III.[49]Les Rues de Paris.[50]See myEnglishmen in the French Revolution, andWestminster Review, January 1897.[51]See myParis in 1789–1794.[52]See Appendix B.[53]O. 1, 486.[54]Life of Lord Minto.Two other daughters married the Duke of Richmond and Marquis Cornwallis.[55]George Sand,Mémoires.[56]F. 7, 6307, 6339, 6534, 6481. He seems to have tried to conceal this adventure, alleging that he had been courteously received by Napoleon, which may have been true, but was not the whole truth.[57]Times, December 21, 1802.[58]Cholmondeley and Guilford had also in 1794 voted for peace.[59]Notes and Queries, February 6, 1892.[60]Lady Sophia Hobart, daughter of the Earl of Buckinghamshire, had been educated at the Bernardine convent at Paris.[61]Cloncurry,Recollections.[62]See article on Spa inNineteenth Century, October 1902.[63]Cloncurry,Recollections.[64]Monthly Review, December 1800.[65]Notes and Queries, May 4, 1901.[66]Courrier de Londres, July 1802.[67]Minerva, January 1793.[68]See myEnglishmen in the French Revolution.[69]Dropmore Papers, iii. 286, 472.[70]Lord Sheffield and his daughter visited Bouillon in 1791.[71]Fortnightly Review, July 1892.[72]Naval Chronicle, 1816, p. 98.[73]Drake does not give the source of the letters, but this may be inferred from Pingaud,Un Agent Secret sous la Révolution.[74]I am indebted for this and other data to Miss Evelyn Drake of Grampound, a great-granddaughter.[75]Paget Papers, 1896.[76]SeeCornhill Magazine, September 1903.[77]A. F. iv. 1503.[78]Notes and Queries, November 30, 1901.[79]See myEnglishman in the French Revolution, p. 130.[80]Early Married Life of Lord Stanley of Alderley.[81]Again in 1831, at the request of Lafayette, he addressed to ‘my fellow-citizens of all places and times’ a pamphlet on a Second or Upper Chamber.[82]Bonaparte, with similar courtesy, had in 1800 sent the Royal Society Marchand’sVoyage autour du Monde, and in 1802 he presented copies to GeorgeIII.and all the European sovereigns.[83]Atlantic Monthly, February 1893.[84]A Mrs. Pigott, living at Geneva 1807–1815, may have been his widow.[85]An E. Dyson died at Palgrave in 1812, aged eighty-seven.[86]Monthly Review, 1826.[87]Revue Hebdomadaire, October 19, 1895.[88]ParisTemps, December 13 and 25, 1878.[89]His ‘Countess of Dysart’ was sold in June 1901 for 14,050 guineas, the highest price ever given at an auction in England for a picture.[90]Despatches, Record Office.[91]Revue Historique(Paris), Jan. 1903.[92]The visitor of 1802 may, however, have been not Théroigne’s lover, but her lover’s son.[93]A. F. iv. 1494.[94]Joseph Montefiore, arrested in 1803 on returning from a visit to London, is described as having been born there and as residing at Marseilles.[95]Many of Richard’s letters to Mezières, in indifferent spelling, are in the French Archives. T. 132.[96]She was the daughter of Sebastian Mercier, and after Holcroft’s death married James Kenney, the dramatist. She died in 1853. Her brother accompanied Holcroft back to England, but the printing-office started by them did not succeed.[97]The son, who married Elizabeth Latouche, died in 1806, leaving a son who became a lunatic in 1826 and died unmarried in 1847.[98]F. 7, 3755 and 3759.[99]Monthly Review, Nov. 1823, andGentleman’s Magazine, Feb. 1824.[100]It was published by William Dugard, a Worcestershire man, but to judge by his name, of French extraction. He was master of Merchant Taylors’ School, London, printer to the Council of State, and a friend of Milton. SeeDictionary of National Biography, which does not, however, mention his newspaper.[101]This daughter apparently died in childhood.[102]Souvenirs et Mémoires, Oct. 1899.[103]See myParis in 1789–1794.[104]A. F. ii. 288.[105]His age is registered as thirty, which, if correct, settles the date of his birth.[106]F. 7, 2232.[107]Révolution Française, February 1890.[108]Fraser’s Mag.1860:le Correspondant, 1897–1898.[109]Another brother was captured at sea during the war and incarcerated at Brest.[110]Remacle.[111]Gentleman’s Magazine.[112]A. F. iv. 1503.[113]F. 7, 5735; T. 1112;Jerningham Letters.[114]Weston tells us that some of the pictures, much damaged in transit, had had to be repaired. Shepherd noticed many soldiers at the Louvre gazing triumphantly at the pictures conquered by them.[115]Redhead Yorke,Letters from France.[116]One of these was Manning. At first, indeed, imperfect knowledge of French deterred him, for Lamb wrote to him:—‘Your letter was just what a letter should be, crammed and very funny. Every part of it pleased me till you came to Paris, then your philosophical indolence or indifference stung me. You cannot stir from your rooms till you know the language. What the devil! Are men nothing but ear-trumpets? Are men all tongue and ear?’But presently he says:—‘ ... the god-like face of the First Consul.... I envy you your access to this great man much more than yourseancesand conversaziones, which I have a shrewd suspicion must be something dull.’ (S. Wheeler,Letters of Lamb.)Among the lectures by which he profited were those on Chinese by Joseph Heger, a German whom he may have previously met in London.[117]Holcroft,Travels.[118]Mémoires d’un Nonagénaire.[119]De Bray,Revue de Paris, February 15 and March 1, 1901.[120]Westmorland MSS.(Hist. MSS. Commission).[121]Mgr. Justin Févra,Revue du Monde Catholique, June 15, 1900.[122]Remacle,Bonaparte et les Bourbons, p. 99.[123]Charles Orby Hunter, probably his father, had died at Paris in 1791.[124]Reichardt, however, comparing France with Germany, speaks of the increase of drinking, and of young men deliberately assembling for a carouse; he also speaks of gormandising.[125]Information kindly supplied by Canon Jessopp.[126]Reichardt, who met Bishop Grégoire and Kosciuski at her house, describes her as wearing a cap with long flaps covering her cheeks, and with a large bouquet falling down from her hair to her nose, so that with her constant nods and gesticulations there were only occasional glimpses of her eyes and mouth. He was bored, too, by the poetical recitations of Vigée, Madame Vigée-Lebrun’s brother. Poole, however, was pleased at meeting so manyliterati, and Meyer, canon of Hamburg, thought the hostess resembled Angelica Kaufmann.[127]Jerningham Letters, 1896.[128]F. 7, 6251, dossier 4980.[129]T. 777 and 1640.[130]Revue Internationale, 1887.[131]A. F. iv. 1473.[132]I can find no confirmation of this story. If there was a duel, it must have been with Thomas Pitt, Lord Camelford, but Christopher was probably confused with Thomas Potter, a member of Wilkes’s Hell-fire club, who, elected as an anti-Pittite, joined Pitt, and in 1756 was appointed Paymaster of the Forces. The two Potters may or may not have been kinsmen.[133]Malmesbury, who did not take the overture seriously, says—‘He came to meavec des projets insensés.’[134]A. F. iv. 1329.[135]Probably Letourneur’s Edition.[136]F. 7, 1672.[137]Hamburg was fined four millions by Napoleon for this act.[138]Times, February 25, 1803.[139]Kirwan inFraser’s Magazine, 1860; Fitzpatrick,Secret Service under Pitt.[140]Année,Livre Noir, 1829.[141]Dublin Review, April 1890.[142]F. 7, 1671.[143]Fraser’s Magazine, 1860.[144]W. T. Tone’s autobiography appeared in a French review, theCarnet, in 1899.[145]Atlantic Monthly, September 1890. His tomb at Père Lachaise is no longer discoverable.[146]Atlantic Monthly, February 1893.[147]Helmine von Chézy,Unvergessenes.[148]She pretended, however, to be Dorinda Rogers, an American.[149]A. F. iv. 1496 and 1498.[150]Lord Colchester,Letters. King speaks of the swarm of English bankrupts and sharpers at Calais and Boulogne.[151]Oscar Browning,England and Napoleon in 1803.[152]Brother to Madame de Genlis.[153]Remaele,Bonaparte et les Bourbons.[154]Thibaudeau,Mémoires.[155]Remacle, p. 93.[156]Some French ladies, who were disagreeably crowded by public curiosity in Kensington Gardens, complained heavily of our want ofpolitesse. They should remember, however, that they were not quite undressed in the fashion, and that the English ladies always walk out with something upon their heads, however they treat the rest of their persons.—Times, April 19, 1803.[157]Holcroft was told by a French lady, who sent for him to make this confidence and received him in her bath, that Fiévée was commissioned to bribe London newspapers (Travels from Hamburg to Paris). Holcroft believed that the mission was unsuccessful.[158]Napoleon,Correspondance.[159]See myEnglishmen in the French RevolutionandParis in 1789–94.[160]Révue des Deux Mondes, Sept. 1, 1902, p. 115.[161]A police note charges him with having transmitted letters to and fromémigrés.[162]A. F. iv. 1327.[163]Remacle,Bonaparte et les Bourbons.[164]Remacle.[165]England in like manner released in 1810 eighty-four sailors of a captured privateer who had rescued a shipwrecked British crew.[166]Correspondance.[167]Projets de Débarquement, 1902. Napoleon mystified his subordinates as well as the foreigner, for on the 22nd August 1805 he wrote to Admiral Villeneuve, ‘England is ours. All is embarked. Appear for twenty-four hours and all is ended’ (Eng. Hist. Rev., October 1903).[168]See a full account of this inHumanité Nouvelle, July to September 1899; Allonville, ‘Mém. Secrets’; Metternich, ‘Mémoires’; Lecestre, ‘Lettres de Napoléon,’ containing letters on this subject which were suppressed in the collection published by NapoleonIII.[169]Talleyrand’s letter to Fox, April 1, 1806.[170]Lettres de Madame de Genlis.[171]A. F. 1493.[172]T. 1910.[173]Moniteur, 1819–1820.[174]See p. 220.[175]Correspondence of Jérôme Bonaparte.Baltimore, 1878.[176]Correspondance.[177]Now German territory and spelt Bitsch.[178]Concannon was ultimately allowed to visit Vienna and to reside near Epernay.[179]At Fontainebleau also there was a theatrical performance for the benefit of the penniless captives, Concannon writing the prologue.[180]Notes and Queries, November 18, 1899.[181]Elizabeth Alexander, divorced by him in 1795.[182]Lawrence,Picture of Verdun, 1810.[183]F. 7, 3716.[184]A. F. iv. 1504. Folkard,The Sailing Boat, 1853.[185]A. F. iv. 1495.[186]A. F. iv. 1491.[187]F. 7, 3767.[188]A. F. iv. 1502–1504.[189]Bell’s Weekly Messenger, according to Maclean.[190]Brotonne,Lettres de Napoléon.[191]A. F. iv. 1495.[192]A. F. iv. 1491. The mistress was probably the lady for whose arrival from Paris he had waited at Calais in 1803, thus losing his chance of escape. His breach of parole led to many English at Aix-la-Chapelle and elsewhere being relegated to Verdun.[193]A. F. iv. 1491.[194]Allonville states that Frenchmen, indignant at the detentions, assisted escapes.[195]Nineteenth Century, May 1888, art. Niederbronn.[196]Brotonne,Lettres de Napoléon.[197]A. F. iv. 1234.[198]See p. 67.[199]F. 7, 3773 and 3776.[200]A. F. iv. 1237.[201]F. 7, 3763.[202]F. 7, 3716.[203]F. 7, 3773.[204]A. F. iv. 1490.[205]A. F. iv. 1328.[206]A. F. iv. 1494.[207]There is a mystery about her paternity, but there seems to be a hint that she was a natural daughter of the Duke of Dorset.[208]M. Coquelle, paper read at the Congress of French Learned Societies at Paris, 1902.[209]Her son, Lord Henry Seymour, born in 1805, is said to have never set foot in England.[210]Her father, Hamilton Nesbit, had in 1802 returned through Paris from a visit to her at Constantinople.[211]F. 7, 3716.[212]Revue Rétrospective, vol. 14.[213]Charles escaped in August 1810.[214]Notes and Queries, February 3, 1900.[215]Baron,Life of Jenner.[216]Who little imagined that Admiral Cockburn, a kinsman of the prisoner, would convey him in theNorthumberlandto St. Helena.[217]Remains of Mrs. Trench.[218]Mr. E. B. Harris,Athenæum, February 24, 1900.[219]A. F. iv. 1496.[220]A. F. iv. 1512.[221]Journal of Mary Frampton.[222]This was not the only marriage among the captives.[223]This was not the only case of unaccountable desertion. Edmund Wilson, born in Italy, was left behind in France at the age of three years by his English parents—there was an Andrew Wilson, an artist, a visitor, but surely he was not the delinquent—and was adopted by the Comtesse d’Aumale. He became a prominent liberal Catholic, and from 1829 to 1831 contributed to theCorrespondanttill it was superseded by the more advancedAvenirof Lamennais. It was, however, revived in 1842 and still exists. For seventeen years ‘le sage Wilson,’ as he was called on account of his habitual circumspection, presided over Sunday gatherings of Parisian apprentices. He was unmarried, a sort of lay monk, was very charitable, and was never naturalised in France. He died in 1862.[224]A. F. iv. 1498–1499.[225]F. 7, 2250.[226]Her use of strong language earned her the nickname of Billingsgate.[227]They then saw the royal family dining in public at the Tuileries.[228]F. 7, 3716.[229]F. 7, 3744.[230]F. 7, 3750.[231]F. 7, 3744.[232]F. 7, 3779.[233]Keppel, author of books on Southern Italy, died at Naples in 1851. He had a natural son Augustus, a diplomatist, who married Mdlle. de la Ferronaye, the French authoress.[234]A. F. iv. 1504.[235]A. F. iv. 1493.[236]A. F. iv. 1523. One of these was the wife of Montmorency Morris, with her four children and two female friends.[237]A. F. iv. 1504.[238]A. F. iv. 1504. Bute, son of GeorgeIII.’s favourite, also wrote himself to Talleyrand.[239]F. 7, 3768.[240]Westminster Review, 1890.[241]A. F. iv. 1158.[242]F. 7, 3750.[243]Some of these suggested incidents inPeter Simple.[244]A. Milman,Life of Dean Milman.[245]Narrative of Captivity.[246]Napoleon judged the English Government by his own standard, for, not to speak of Mehée de la Touche, he sent over to England in 1808 Bourlac, who, pretending to be a royalist emissary, obtained interviews with Hawkesbury and Canning.[247]A. F. iv. 1498.[248]A. F. iv. 1493.[249]F. 7, 3116.[250]Sir Horace Rumbold,Recollections of a Diplomatist.[251]A. F. iv. 1494; F. 7, 3750.[252]Grasilier,Enlèvement de Rumbold, Paris, 1901.[253]National Review, August 1903.[254]Archives du Nord de la France, iii. 449.[255]Moniteur, February 14, 1803.[256]F. 7, 2241–56.[257]Both bodies were conveyed to England.[258]A. F. iv. 1498.[259]General in 1814; died in 1815.[260]A. F. iv. 1158.[261]A. F. iv. 1158.[262]A. F. iv. 1158.[263]F. 7, 3882.[264]Intermédiaire, February 10, 1902.[265]A. F. iv. 1527.[266]A. F. iv. 1158.[267]Ibid.[268]He stopped a night at Nohant on his way to Blois, and again on repairing to Paris. Did he notice there a tomboy ten years old destined to be famous as George Sand?[269]F. 7, 3782.[270]This, as we have seen, is not quite accurate.[271]Réclamation de Verdun.The number never exceeded 1100.[272]Then Ambassador at London.[273]A Paris paper absurdly estimated them in October 1814 at 12,000.[274]Artaud,Vie de Hauterive.[275]Life of Curran.[276]An octogenarian, who in 1838, three months a widower, married Catherine Stevens, the vocalist, whose age was forty-four.[277]Letters of Lady Burghersh.[278]National Archives, Paris, A. A. 40.[279]A Visit to Paris in 1814.Scott went again after Waterloo.[280]Letters from a Lady to her Sister.[281]Beattie,Life of Campbell.[282]F. 7, 3784.[283]F. 7, 3785.[284]Paris in 1802 and 1814.[285]Retiring in 1822, he lived till 1846. His co-proprietor, Daniel Stuart, died in 1847.[286]F. 7, 3783.[287]Mon Journal de Huit Jours.[288]Visit to Paris in June 1814.[289]Tour through Some Parts of France.[290]Letters to the Bishop of Llandaff.[291]Memoirs of Moriolles, p. 157.[292]Livi,Napoleon a Elba, 1888;Siècle, August 23, 1887.[293]Quotidienne, February 6, 1815.[294]Temple Bar, October 1903.[295]Ibid.[296]Nuova Antologia, January 1887.[297]Pons de l’Hérault,Souvenirs d’Elbe, edited by Pelissier, 1897.[298]Ebrington’sMemorandum of Two Conversations, published in 1823 as a pamphlet of thirty-one pages and never reprinted.[299]Earl Russell,Recollections. See Appendix C.[300]Souvenirs de l’ile d’Elbe.[301]We know how Napoleon as a youth detested France, regarding Corsica alone as his country, but he doubtless got to consider himself a real Frenchman.[302]According to an English account Napoleon, on the band striking up the National Anthem, hummed the tune. (Temple Bar, October 1903.)[303]Sir Neil Campbell,Napoleon at Fontainebleau and Elba, 1869.[304]As it was, the Marquis Wellesley (Wellington’s brother), the Duke of Sussex (the Prince Regent’s brother), Lords Lansdowne, Grey, Byron, Lauderdale, Guilford, Bessborough, and three other peers voted in his favour, as also Mackintosh, Romilly, Whitbread, Tierney, Lord Morpeth, Sir Timothy Shelley (the poet’s grandfather), Lord Stanley (father of the ‘Rupert of Debate’), Lord Duncannon, and twenty-nine other members of the Lower House.[305]Mackenzie,History of Newcastle, 1827.[306]Philip Dormer Stanhope had settled in France or Belgium about 1790, and during the war procured remittances from England through the Paris bankers Perregaux and Laffitte. Was he a son of Lord Chesterfield’s illegitimate son? If so, the latter was a father at the age of nineteen, for he was born in 1732, and this Philip Dormer Stanhope gave his age in September 1814 on applying for domicile in France as sixty-three. Possibly, however, this last figure is a misprint in theBulletin des Lois.[307]He seems to be the visitor who registered himself as Lord John Stuart.[308]A dandy famous for his collection of snuff-boxes, said to number 365.[309]Subject to orthographic errors in French records.

[1]National Archives, F. 7, 2231. SeeEnglish Historical Review, October 1899.

[2]A. F. iv. 1490–1563. References not otherwise indicated relate to the French Archives.

[3]Jefferson also placed his daughter there.

[4]This was granted in 1800 to John Cleaver Banks in order to examine manuscripts in the National Library.

[5]Camelford, in 1802, sold the borough for £42,000 to Dupré Porcher.

[6]Times, March 3, 1801.

[7]In January 1793, quitting his wife, he followed to Paris Aimé de Coigny, Duchess de Fleury, of whom he had become the paramour at Rome, and who had gone to London for her accouchement. Being arrested, he applied to her previous lover Lauzun to procure his release, but was liberated without any necessity of mediation and returned to London.

[8]Pitt was inclined in 1797 to entertain the overture, but the Frenchcoup d’étatput an end to negotiations. SeeFortescue Papers, iii. pp. 356–357. The French authorities ordered Melville’s arrest, but he apparently fled in time, and coolly revisited Paris in 1802.

[9]The Jacobins were scandalised at the pomp with which he entered Paris, where the market-women waited on him to make and receive presents.

[10]Talbot, when acting at Berne in Wickham’s absence in 1797, advanced money to French conspirators for a scheme of massacring the members of the Directory at the Luxembourg, and he applied to his Government for further funds for that purpose; but Grenville and Canning refused to countenance the scheme and directed him to get back the money (Martel,Historiens Fantaisistes). Though thus rebuked Talbot was not dismissed.

[11]J. F. Neville,Leisure Moments.

[12]Detected in 1802 he was hanged for the murder of Sergeant Armstrong at Goree in 1782.

[13]This was a saving of expense, for Napoleon had refused to pay the £2,000,000 demanded for their maintenance.

[14]It is pleasant to think that Lauriston, Macdonald, and Clarke, three men of British extraction, were among the few French generals who on Napoleon’s return from Elba remained faithful to the Bourbons.

[15]M.P. for Eye in 1820.

[16]The suit of carriages for the use of Marquis Cornwallis in France consists of a town coach, the body yellow, with arms, supporters, crests, and the Order of the Garter, surrounded with mantles, all highly emblazoned. The lining morocco with rich silk lace, and reclining cushions of silk and morocco. The carriage crane-neck; the hammer-cloth a bear-skin ornamented with silver paws. A town chariot painted to correspond, with arms, supporters, crests, and the Garter, but no mantles; crane-neck. A travelling coach, painted the same; crane-neck with imperials, etc. Harness has been made for twelve horses ornamented with silver in coronets, crests, and the Garter, with reins, tassels, and toppings, decorated with silk button-hangers.—Times.

[17]The termination of the Congress at Amiens was an object of the deepest regret to the Prefects and officers, civil as well as military. The establishment of each ambassador had its particular merit. That of Marquis Cornwallis was distinguished for the magnificence of his liveries, and the splendour of his table and equipage. On all his grand dinners, his Lordship had twelve servants in rich liveries, besides sixValets-de-Chambrealso in a kind of scarlet uniform.But in regard to the luxuries of the table, and the choice of his wines, citizen Schimmelpenninck, the Batavian plenipotentiary, outdid all other competition. He had his turbot and eels from Holland, pike and perch from the Rhine; and the heaths and woods of Provence supplied him with game. No wonder that the absence of such a man should be lamented by theMayor and Common Councilof that city.—Times, April 2, 1802.

But in regard to the luxuries of the table, and the choice of his wines, citizen Schimmelpenninck, the Batavian plenipotentiary, outdid all other competition. He had his turbot and eels from Holland, pike and perch from the Rhine; and the heaths and woods of Provence supplied him with game. No wonder that the absence of such a man should be lamented by theMayor and Common Councilof that city.—Times, April 2, 1802.

[18]The Warrens and the Jacksons were kinsmen, for in 1796 a Rev. Dawson Warren had married Caroline Jackson.

[19]Despatches, Record Office.

[20]In 1809 he was appointed minister at Washington.

[21]He died from a hunting accident in 1815.

[22]Afterwards minister to the Argentine Republic.

[23]Son of Lord Pierrepont (created Earl Manvers in 1806).

[24]The embassy apparently required a Frenchman to translate or correct its letters to Talleyrand, for in 1804 François Soulès, who had lived twelve years in England and had translated English works, applied for the Legion of Honour on the ground that he had not only helped to capture the Bastille, but had been employed by Whitworth.

[25]Rogers,Italy.

[26]A. F. 1539–1543.

[27]The return coach left Paris at 6A.M., but from July 1802 there was also aberlinewith six places which started at 4P.M., travelled all night, and arrived as soon as the morning coach.

[28]Practical Guide ... London to Paris.R. Phillips, 1802.

[29]Mrs. F. E. King,Tour in France.

[30]In 1814, according to Kirwan, the fishwives no longer carried passengers on their backs, but wading through the water tugged or pushed small boats ashore. But Richard Bernard Boyle was carried ashore by three men, one holding each leg and the third pushing behind.

[31]Also his biographer. Trotter died in poverty in 1818, aged forty-three.

[32]Her age is given in the police register as sixty-three, but as she died in 1842 at the age of ninety-two, she was really only fifty-two. Fox’s age, on the other hand, is given as fifty, whereas it was fifty-three. The ages in the register seem sometimes to be hotel-keepers’ random guesses.

[33]Ashton,English Caricature on Napoleon.

[34]Adair,Mission to the Court of Vienna, p. 505.

[35]Chaptal,Industrie Française, 1817.

[36]Remacle,Bonaparte et les Bourbons.

[37]Duchesse d’Abrantès,Mémoires.

[38]European Magazine, 1802.

[39]Lascases speaks by mistake of a statue.

[40]For full list see Appendix A.

[41]Dropmore Papers, ii. 11.

[42]La Réveillère Lepaux,Mémoires.

[43]A. Young,Journal.

[44]The Francis Letters, 1901.

[45]Pasquier,Mémoires, vol. iv.

[46]F. 7, 3759.

[47]Duchesse d’Abrantès,Souvenirs; di Salvo,Travels in 1806.

[48]Buckingham,Court and Cabinets of George III.

[49]Les Rues de Paris.

[50]See myEnglishmen in the French Revolution, andWestminster Review, January 1897.

[51]See myParis in 1789–1794.

[52]See Appendix B.

[53]O. 1, 486.

[54]Life of Lord Minto.Two other daughters married the Duke of Richmond and Marquis Cornwallis.

[55]George Sand,Mémoires.

[56]F. 7, 6307, 6339, 6534, 6481. He seems to have tried to conceal this adventure, alleging that he had been courteously received by Napoleon, which may have been true, but was not the whole truth.

[57]Times, December 21, 1802.

[58]Cholmondeley and Guilford had also in 1794 voted for peace.

[59]Notes and Queries, February 6, 1892.

[60]Lady Sophia Hobart, daughter of the Earl of Buckinghamshire, had been educated at the Bernardine convent at Paris.

[61]Cloncurry,Recollections.

[62]See article on Spa inNineteenth Century, October 1902.

[63]Cloncurry,Recollections.

[64]Monthly Review, December 1800.

[65]Notes and Queries, May 4, 1901.

[66]Courrier de Londres, July 1802.

[67]Minerva, January 1793.

[68]See myEnglishmen in the French Revolution.

[69]Dropmore Papers, iii. 286, 472.

[70]Lord Sheffield and his daughter visited Bouillon in 1791.

[71]Fortnightly Review, July 1892.

[72]Naval Chronicle, 1816, p. 98.

[73]Drake does not give the source of the letters, but this may be inferred from Pingaud,Un Agent Secret sous la Révolution.

[74]I am indebted for this and other data to Miss Evelyn Drake of Grampound, a great-granddaughter.

[75]Paget Papers, 1896.

[76]SeeCornhill Magazine, September 1903.

[77]A. F. iv. 1503.

[78]Notes and Queries, November 30, 1901.

[79]See myEnglishman in the French Revolution, p. 130.

[80]Early Married Life of Lord Stanley of Alderley.

[81]Again in 1831, at the request of Lafayette, he addressed to ‘my fellow-citizens of all places and times’ a pamphlet on a Second or Upper Chamber.

[82]Bonaparte, with similar courtesy, had in 1800 sent the Royal Society Marchand’sVoyage autour du Monde, and in 1802 he presented copies to GeorgeIII.and all the European sovereigns.

[83]Atlantic Monthly, February 1893.

[84]A Mrs. Pigott, living at Geneva 1807–1815, may have been his widow.

[85]An E. Dyson died at Palgrave in 1812, aged eighty-seven.

[86]Monthly Review, 1826.

[87]Revue Hebdomadaire, October 19, 1895.

[88]ParisTemps, December 13 and 25, 1878.

[89]His ‘Countess of Dysart’ was sold in June 1901 for 14,050 guineas, the highest price ever given at an auction in England for a picture.

[90]Despatches, Record Office.

[91]Revue Historique(Paris), Jan. 1903.

[92]The visitor of 1802 may, however, have been not Théroigne’s lover, but her lover’s son.

[93]A. F. iv. 1494.

[94]Joseph Montefiore, arrested in 1803 on returning from a visit to London, is described as having been born there and as residing at Marseilles.

[95]Many of Richard’s letters to Mezières, in indifferent spelling, are in the French Archives. T. 132.

[96]She was the daughter of Sebastian Mercier, and after Holcroft’s death married James Kenney, the dramatist. She died in 1853. Her brother accompanied Holcroft back to England, but the printing-office started by them did not succeed.

[97]The son, who married Elizabeth Latouche, died in 1806, leaving a son who became a lunatic in 1826 and died unmarried in 1847.

[98]F. 7, 3755 and 3759.

[99]Monthly Review, Nov. 1823, andGentleman’s Magazine, Feb. 1824.

[100]It was published by William Dugard, a Worcestershire man, but to judge by his name, of French extraction. He was master of Merchant Taylors’ School, London, printer to the Council of State, and a friend of Milton. SeeDictionary of National Biography, which does not, however, mention his newspaper.

[101]This daughter apparently died in childhood.

[102]Souvenirs et Mémoires, Oct. 1899.

[103]See myParis in 1789–1794.

[104]A. F. ii. 288.

[105]His age is registered as thirty, which, if correct, settles the date of his birth.

[106]F. 7, 2232.

[107]Révolution Française, February 1890.

[108]Fraser’s Mag.1860:le Correspondant, 1897–1898.

[109]Another brother was captured at sea during the war and incarcerated at Brest.

[110]Remacle.

[111]Gentleman’s Magazine.

[112]A. F. iv. 1503.

[113]F. 7, 5735; T. 1112;Jerningham Letters.

[114]Weston tells us that some of the pictures, much damaged in transit, had had to be repaired. Shepherd noticed many soldiers at the Louvre gazing triumphantly at the pictures conquered by them.

[115]Redhead Yorke,Letters from France.

[116]One of these was Manning. At first, indeed, imperfect knowledge of French deterred him, for Lamb wrote to him:—‘Your letter was just what a letter should be, crammed and very funny. Every part of it pleased me till you came to Paris, then your philosophical indolence or indifference stung me. You cannot stir from your rooms till you know the language. What the devil! Are men nothing but ear-trumpets? Are men all tongue and ear?’But presently he says:—‘ ... the god-like face of the First Consul.... I envy you your access to this great man much more than yourseancesand conversaziones, which I have a shrewd suspicion must be something dull.’ (S. Wheeler,Letters of Lamb.)Among the lectures by which he profited were those on Chinese by Joseph Heger, a German whom he may have previously met in London.

But presently he says:—‘ ... the god-like face of the First Consul.... I envy you your access to this great man much more than yourseancesand conversaziones, which I have a shrewd suspicion must be something dull.’ (S. Wheeler,Letters of Lamb.)

Among the lectures by which he profited were those on Chinese by Joseph Heger, a German whom he may have previously met in London.

[117]Holcroft,Travels.

[118]Mémoires d’un Nonagénaire.

[119]De Bray,Revue de Paris, February 15 and March 1, 1901.

[120]Westmorland MSS.(Hist. MSS. Commission).

[121]Mgr. Justin Févra,Revue du Monde Catholique, June 15, 1900.

[122]Remacle,Bonaparte et les Bourbons, p. 99.

[123]Charles Orby Hunter, probably his father, had died at Paris in 1791.

[124]Reichardt, however, comparing France with Germany, speaks of the increase of drinking, and of young men deliberately assembling for a carouse; he also speaks of gormandising.

[125]Information kindly supplied by Canon Jessopp.

[126]Reichardt, who met Bishop Grégoire and Kosciuski at her house, describes her as wearing a cap with long flaps covering her cheeks, and with a large bouquet falling down from her hair to her nose, so that with her constant nods and gesticulations there were only occasional glimpses of her eyes and mouth. He was bored, too, by the poetical recitations of Vigée, Madame Vigée-Lebrun’s brother. Poole, however, was pleased at meeting so manyliterati, and Meyer, canon of Hamburg, thought the hostess resembled Angelica Kaufmann.

[127]Jerningham Letters, 1896.

[128]F. 7, 6251, dossier 4980.

[129]T. 777 and 1640.

[130]Revue Internationale, 1887.

[131]A. F. iv. 1473.

[132]I can find no confirmation of this story. If there was a duel, it must have been with Thomas Pitt, Lord Camelford, but Christopher was probably confused with Thomas Potter, a member of Wilkes’s Hell-fire club, who, elected as an anti-Pittite, joined Pitt, and in 1756 was appointed Paymaster of the Forces. The two Potters may or may not have been kinsmen.

[133]Malmesbury, who did not take the overture seriously, says—‘He came to meavec des projets insensés.’

[134]A. F. iv. 1329.

[135]Probably Letourneur’s Edition.

[136]F. 7, 1672.

[137]Hamburg was fined four millions by Napoleon for this act.

[138]Times, February 25, 1803.

[139]Kirwan inFraser’s Magazine, 1860; Fitzpatrick,Secret Service under Pitt.

[140]Année,Livre Noir, 1829.

[141]Dublin Review, April 1890.

[142]F. 7, 1671.

[143]Fraser’s Magazine, 1860.

[144]W. T. Tone’s autobiography appeared in a French review, theCarnet, in 1899.

[145]Atlantic Monthly, September 1890. His tomb at Père Lachaise is no longer discoverable.

[146]Atlantic Monthly, February 1893.

[147]Helmine von Chézy,Unvergessenes.

[148]She pretended, however, to be Dorinda Rogers, an American.

[149]A. F. iv. 1496 and 1498.

[150]Lord Colchester,Letters. King speaks of the swarm of English bankrupts and sharpers at Calais and Boulogne.

[151]Oscar Browning,England and Napoleon in 1803.

[152]Brother to Madame de Genlis.

[153]Remaele,Bonaparte et les Bourbons.

[154]Thibaudeau,Mémoires.

[155]Remacle, p. 93.

[156]Some French ladies, who were disagreeably crowded by public curiosity in Kensington Gardens, complained heavily of our want ofpolitesse. They should remember, however, that they were not quite undressed in the fashion, and that the English ladies always walk out with something upon their heads, however they treat the rest of their persons.—Times, April 19, 1803.

[157]Holcroft was told by a French lady, who sent for him to make this confidence and received him in her bath, that Fiévée was commissioned to bribe London newspapers (Travels from Hamburg to Paris). Holcroft believed that the mission was unsuccessful.

[158]Napoleon,Correspondance.

[159]See myEnglishmen in the French RevolutionandParis in 1789–94.

[160]Révue des Deux Mondes, Sept. 1, 1902, p. 115.

[161]A police note charges him with having transmitted letters to and fromémigrés.

[162]A. F. iv. 1327.

[163]Remacle,Bonaparte et les Bourbons.

[164]Remacle.

[165]England in like manner released in 1810 eighty-four sailors of a captured privateer who had rescued a shipwrecked British crew.

[166]Correspondance.

[167]Projets de Débarquement, 1902. Napoleon mystified his subordinates as well as the foreigner, for on the 22nd August 1805 he wrote to Admiral Villeneuve, ‘England is ours. All is embarked. Appear for twenty-four hours and all is ended’ (Eng. Hist. Rev., October 1903).

[168]See a full account of this inHumanité Nouvelle, July to September 1899; Allonville, ‘Mém. Secrets’; Metternich, ‘Mémoires’; Lecestre, ‘Lettres de Napoléon,’ containing letters on this subject which were suppressed in the collection published by NapoleonIII.

[169]Talleyrand’s letter to Fox, April 1, 1806.

[170]Lettres de Madame de Genlis.

[171]A. F. 1493.

[172]T. 1910.

[173]Moniteur, 1819–1820.

[174]See p. 220.

[175]Correspondence of Jérôme Bonaparte.Baltimore, 1878.

[176]Correspondance.

[177]Now German territory and spelt Bitsch.

[178]Concannon was ultimately allowed to visit Vienna and to reside near Epernay.

[179]At Fontainebleau also there was a theatrical performance for the benefit of the penniless captives, Concannon writing the prologue.

[180]Notes and Queries, November 18, 1899.

[181]Elizabeth Alexander, divorced by him in 1795.

[182]Lawrence,Picture of Verdun, 1810.

[183]F. 7, 3716.

[184]A. F. iv. 1504. Folkard,The Sailing Boat, 1853.

[185]A. F. iv. 1495.

[186]A. F. iv. 1491.

[187]F. 7, 3767.

[188]A. F. iv. 1502–1504.

[189]Bell’s Weekly Messenger, according to Maclean.

[190]Brotonne,Lettres de Napoléon.

[191]A. F. iv. 1495.

[192]A. F. iv. 1491. The mistress was probably the lady for whose arrival from Paris he had waited at Calais in 1803, thus losing his chance of escape. His breach of parole led to many English at Aix-la-Chapelle and elsewhere being relegated to Verdun.

[193]A. F. iv. 1491.

[194]Allonville states that Frenchmen, indignant at the detentions, assisted escapes.

[195]Nineteenth Century, May 1888, art. Niederbronn.

[196]Brotonne,Lettres de Napoléon.

[197]A. F. iv. 1234.

[198]See p. 67.

[199]F. 7, 3773 and 3776.

[200]A. F. iv. 1237.

[201]F. 7, 3763.

[202]F. 7, 3716.

[203]F. 7, 3773.

[204]A. F. iv. 1490.

[205]A. F. iv. 1328.

[206]A. F. iv. 1494.

[207]There is a mystery about her paternity, but there seems to be a hint that she was a natural daughter of the Duke of Dorset.

[208]M. Coquelle, paper read at the Congress of French Learned Societies at Paris, 1902.

[209]Her son, Lord Henry Seymour, born in 1805, is said to have never set foot in England.

[210]Her father, Hamilton Nesbit, had in 1802 returned through Paris from a visit to her at Constantinople.

[211]F. 7, 3716.

[212]Revue Rétrospective, vol. 14.

[213]Charles escaped in August 1810.

[214]Notes and Queries, February 3, 1900.

[215]Baron,Life of Jenner.

[216]Who little imagined that Admiral Cockburn, a kinsman of the prisoner, would convey him in theNorthumberlandto St. Helena.

[217]Remains of Mrs. Trench.

[218]Mr. E. B. Harris,Athenæum, February 24, 1900.

[219]A. F. iv. 1496.

[220]A. F. iv. 1512.

[221]Journal of Mary Frampton.

[222]This was not the only marriage among the captives.

[223]This was not the only case of unaccountable desertion. Edmund Wilson, born in Italy, was left behind in France at the age of three years by his English parents—there was an Andrew Wilson, an artist, a visitor, but surely he was not the delinquent—and was adopted by the Comtesse d’Aumale. He became a prominent liberal Catholic, and from 1829 to 1831 contributed to theCorrespondanttill it was superseded by the more advancedAvenirof Lamennais. It was, however, revived in 1842 and still exists. For seventeen years ‘le sage Wilson,’ as he was called on account of his habitual circumspection, presided over Sunday gatherings of Parisian apprentices. He was unmarried, a sort of lay monk, was very charitable, and was never naturalised in France. He died in 1862.

[224]A. F. iv. 1498–1499.

[225]F. 7, 2250.

[226]Her use of strong language earned her the nickname of Billingsgate.

[227]They then saw the royal family dining in public at the Tuileries.

[228]F. 7, 3716.

[229]F. 7, 3744.

[230]F. 7, 3750.

[231]F. 7, 3744.

[232]F. 7, 3779.

[233]Keppel, author of books on Southern Italy, died at Naples in 1851. He had a natural son Augustus, a diplomatist, who married Mdlle. de la Ferronaye, the French authoress.

[234]A. F. iv. 1504.

[235]A. F. iv. 1493.

[236]A. F. iv. 1523. One of these was the wife of Montmorency Morris, with her four children and two female friends.

[237]A. F. iv. 1504.

[238]A. F. iv. 1504. Bute, son of GeorgeIII.’s favourite, also wrote himself to Talleyrand.

[239]F. 7, 3768.

[240]Westminster Review, 1890.

[241]A. F. iv. 1158.

[242]F. 7, 3750.

[243]Some of these suggested incidents inPeter Simple.

[244]A. Milman,Life of Dean Milman.

[245]Narrative of Captivity.

[246]Napoleon judged the English Government by his own standard, for, not to speak of Mehée de la Touche, he sent over to England in 1808 Bourlac, who, pretending to be a royalist emissary, obtained interviews with Hawkesbury and Canning.

[247]A. F. iv. 1498.

[248]A. F. iv. 1493.

[249]F. 7, 3116.

[250]Sir Horace Rumbold,Recollections of a Diplomatist.

[251]A. F. iv. 1494; F. 7, 3750.

[252]Grasilier,Enlèvement de Rumbold, Paris, 1901.

[253]National Review, August 1903.

[254]Archives du Nord de la France, iii. 449.

[255]Moniteur, February 14, 1803.

[256]F. 7, 2241–56.

[257]Both bodies were conveyed to England.

[258]A. F. iv. 1498.

[259]General in 1814; died in 1815.

[260]A. F. iv. 1158.

[261]A. F. iv. 1158.

[262]A. F. iv. 1158.

[263]F. 7, 3882.

[264]Intermédiaire, February 10, 1902.

[265]A. F. iv. 1527.

[266]A. F. iv. 1158.

[267]Ibid.

[268]He stopped a night at Nohant on his way to Blois, and again on repairing to Paris. Did he notice there a tomboy ten years old destined to be famous as George Sand?

[269]F. 7, 3782.

[270]This, as we have seen, is not quite accurate.

[271]Réclamation de Verdun.The number never exceeded 1100.

[272]Then Ambassador at London.

[273]A Paris paper absurdly estimated them in October 1814 at 12,000.

[274]Artaud,Vie de Hauterive.

[275]Life of Curran.

[276]An octogenarian, who in 1838, three months a widower, married Catherine Stevens, the vocalist, whose age was forty-four.

[277]Letters of Lady Burghersh.

[278]National Archives, Paris, A. A. 40.

[279]A Visit to Paris in 1814.Scott went again after Waterloo.

[280]Letters from a Lady to her Sister.

[281]Beattie,Life of Campbell.

[282]F. 7, 3784.

[283]F. 7, 3785.

[284]Paris in 1802 and 1814.

[285]Retiring in 1822, he lived till 1846. His co-proprietor, Daniel Stuart, died in 1847.

[286]F. 7, 3783.

[287]Mon Journal de Huit Jours.

[288]Visit to Paris in June 1814.

[289]Tour through Some Parts of France.

[290]Letters to the Bishop of Llandaff.

[291]Memoirs of Moriolles, p. 157.

[292]Livi,Napoleon a Elba, 1888;Siècle, August 23, 1887.

[293]Quotidienne, February 6, 1815.

[294]Temple Bar, October 1903.

[295]Ibid.

[296]Nuova Antologia, January 1887.

[297]Pons de l’Hérault,Souvenirs d’Elbe, edited by Pelissier, 1897.

[298]Ebrington’sMemorandum of Two Conversations, published in 1823 as a pamphlet of thirty-one pages and never reprinted.

[299]Earl Russell,Recollections. See Appendix C.

[300]Souvenirs de l’ile d’Elbe.

[301]We know how Napoleon as a youth detested France, regarding Corsica alone as his country, but he doubtless got to consider himself a real Frenchman.

[302]According to an English account Napoleon, on the band striking up the National Anthem, hummed the tune. (Temple Bar, October 1903.)

[303]Sir Neil Campbell,Napoleon at Fontainebleau and Elba, 1869.

[304]As it was, the Marquis Wellesley (Wellington’s brother), the Duke of Sussex (the Prince Regent’s brother), Lords Lansdowne, Grey, Byron, Lauderdale, Guilford, Bessborough, and three other peers voted in his favour, as also Mackintosh, Romilly, Whitbread, Tierney, Lord Morpeth, Sir Timothy Shelley (the poet’s grandfather), Lord Stanley (father of the ‘Rupert of Debate’), Lord Duncannon, and twenty-nine other members of the Lower House.

[305]Mackenzie,History of Newcastle, 1827.

[306]Philip Dormer Stanhope had settled in France or Belgium about 1790, and during the war procured remittances from England through the Paris bankers Perregaux and Laffitte. Was he a son of Lord Chesterfield’s illegitimate son? If so, the latter was a father at the age of nineteen, for he was born in 1732, and this Philip Dormer Stanhope gave his age in September 1814 on applying for domicile in France as sixty-three. Possibly, however, this last figure is a misprint in theBulletin des Lois.

[307]He seems to be the visitor who registered himself as Lord John Stuart.

[308]A dandy famous for his collection of snuff-boxes, said to number 365.

[309]Subject to orthographic errors in French records.

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