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This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online atwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
Title: Negritos of ZambalesAuthor: William Allan ReedRelease date: January 10, 2007 [eBook #20329]Most recently updated: January 1, 2021Language: EnglishCredits: Produced by Jeroen Hellingman
Title: Negritos of Zambales
Author: William Allan Reed
Author: William Allan Reed
Release date: January 10, 2007 [eBook #20329]Most recently updated: January 1, 2021
Language: English
Credits: Produced by Jeroen Hellingman
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NEGRITOS OF ZAMBALES ***
Negritos of ZambalesbyWilliam Allan ReedManilaBureau of Public Printing1904Letter of TransmittalDepartment of the Interior,The Ethnological Survey,Manila, March 3, 1904.Sir: I have the honor to transmit a study of the Negritos of Zambales Province made by Mr. William Allan Reed, of The Ethnological Survey, during the year 1903. It is transmitted with the recommendation that it be published as Part I of Volume II of a series of scientific studies to be published by this Survey.Respectfully,Chief of the Ethnological Survey.Hon. Dean C. Worcester,Secretary of the Interior, Manila, P. I.Letter of SubmittalDepartment of the Interior,The Ethnological Survey,Manila, March 1, 1904.SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith my report on the Negritos of Zambales.Very respectfully,William Allan Reed.Dr. Albert Ernest Jenks,Chief of The Ethnological Survey, Manila, P. I.Table of ContentsLetter of TransmittalLetter of SubmittalIllustrationsPrefaceChapter 1: Distribution of NegritosPresent Distribution in the PhilippinesIn LuzonIn the Southern IslandsConclusionChapter 2: The Province of ZambalesGeographical FeaturesHistorical SketchHabitat of the NegritosChapter 3: Negritos of ZambalesPhysical FeaturesPermanent AdornmentClothing and DressChapter 4: Industrial LifeHome LifeAgricultureManufacture and TradeHunting and FishingChapter 5: AmusementsGamesMusicDancingThe Potato Dance, or Piña CamoteThe Bee Dance, or Piña Pa-ni-lanThe Torture DanceThe Lovers’ DanceThe Duel DanceChapter 6: General Social LifeThe ChildMarriageRice CeremonyHead Ceremony“Leput,” or Home ComingPolygamy and DivorceBurialMoralsSlaveryIntellectual LifeSuperstitionsChapter 7: Spanish Attempts to Organize NegritosAnthropometric MeasurementsVocabulariesPlatesIllustrationsI.Outline map of the Philippine Islands, showing distribution of Negritos.18II.Outline map of Zambales, showing distribution of Negritos.30III.Negrito women of Bataan on a rock in a stream.30IV.Negrito man from Nangsol, near Subig, Zambales.30V.Negrito man from Aglao, Zambales.30VI.Negrito woman of Zambales.30VII.View near Santa Fé, Zambales.30VIII.Capitán of Villar.30IX.Negrito man of Zambales.30X.Showing the relative height of American, mixed blood and pure Negrito.30XI.Group of Negritos and Constabulary at Cabayan, Zambales.30XII.Old man of Zambales, pure Negrito.30XIII.Old man of Zambales, pure Negrito, showing hair on face and chest.30XIV.Negrito of Zambales, showing hair on the chin and skin disease on the arm.30XV.Pure Negrito of Zambales, showing hair on the chin.30XVI.Negrito Man of Zambales, showing hair on the face.30XVII.Negrito girls of Zambales, one with hair clipped behind to eradicate vermin.30XVIII.Negrito man of Zambales, pure blood.30XIX.Negrito man of Zambales, mixed blood.44XX.Negrito man of Zambales, pure blood.44XXI.Negrito man of Zambales, mixed blood.44XXII.Negritogirlof Zambales, pureblood.44XXIII.Negrito woman of Zambales, mixed blood.44XXIV.Old Negrito woman of Zambales, pure blood.44XXV.Negrito man of Zambales, pure blood.44XXVI.Negrito man of Negros, mixed blood.44XXVII.Negrito man of Zambales.44XXVIII.Negritos (emigrants from Panay) of Maao, Occidental Negros; mixed bloods.44XXIX.Group of Negrito men at Santa Fé, Zambales.44XXX.Principal men of Tagiltil, Zambales; pure Zambal and mixed Negrito.44XXXI.Negritos of Zambales, mixed bloods.44XXXII.Group of people called Aburlin; non-Christian Zambal and Negrito mixed bloods.44XXXIII.Negrito women of Zambales.44XXXIV.Group of Negrito women at Santa Fé, Zambales, showing dress.44XXXV.Negrito girls of Zambales, one wearing necklace of dried berries.58XXXVI.Combs worn by Negritos of Zambales.58XXXVII.Ornaments worn by Negritos of Zambales.58XXXVIII.Negrito man, wife, and hut, Bataan.58XXXIX.Better class of Negrito hut, Zambales.58XL.Negrito man of Bataan making fire with bamboo.58XLI.Negrito men of Bataan making fire with bamboo.58XLII.Bows and arrows used by Negritos of Zambales.58XLIII.Position taken by Negritos of Zambales in shooting.58XLIV.Negrito man of Bataan drawing a bow; hog-bristle ornaments on the legs.58XLV.Negrito man of Negros (emigrant from Panay) drawing a bow.58XLVI.Musical instruments used by Negritos of Zambales.58XLVII.Negritos of Zambales singing the “talbun.”58XLVIII.Negritos of Zambales dancing.58XLIX.Negrito men of Bataan beating gongs and dancing.58L.Negritos of Zambales dancing the “torture dance.”58LI.Negrito woman and daughter, Bataan.72LII.Pure Negrito woman and mixed blood, with babies, Zambales.72LIII.Negrito women and children, Zambales.72LIV.Negrito children, Santa Fé, Zambales.72LV.Capitán of Cabayan, Zambales, with Negrito and Zambal wives.72LVI.Boys of Zambales, showing scars made by blistering for fevers, etc.72LVII.Negrito woman of Zambales, pure blood, showing scars made by blistering for fevers, etc.72LVIII.Negrito woman of Zambales, pure blood, showing skin disease.72LIX.Negrito man of Zambales, mixed blood, showing skin disease.72LX.Negrito boy of Zambales, mixed blood, showing skin disease.72LXI.Negrito man of Zambales, mixed blood, showing skin disease.72LXII.Capitán-General del Monte, Negrito of Zambales.72Figure 1.“Belatic,” trap used by Negritos.45Figure 2.Marks on dice used by Negritos.49PrefaceThis report is based on two months’ field work pursued during May and June, 1903. Accompanied by Mr. J. Diamond, a photographer, the writer went in the latter part of April to Iba, Zambales, where a few days were spent in investigating the dialects of the Zambal people and in preparation for a trip to the interior.After a journey of 25 miles inland a camp was established near Tagiltil. During the three weeks we were there the camp was visited by about 700 Negritos, who came in from outlying settlements, often far back in the mountains; but, owing to the fact that most of them would remain only as long as they were fed, extended investigations had to be conducted largely among the residents of Tagiltil and the neighboring rancheria of Villar.From Tagiltil a trip was made southward behind the low mountain chain, which marks the limit of the plain, and through a hitherto unexplored territory, very broken and next to impassable except in the dry season. The trail, known only to Negritos and but little used, followed for the most part the beds of mountain streams. Four little rancherias were passed, the people of two of which had already visited us. A hard two-day trip brought us to Santa Fé, a barrio of San Marcelino. After a week with the Negritos at this place a trip was made toward the Pampanga boundary to Cabayan and Aglao, the former locality inhabited by several small groups of Negritos, the latter an isolated Ilokano barrio in and near which the Negritos live. A visit to the rancherias near Subig and Olongapo concluded the investigation. In all, more than a thousand Negritos were seen.With only a short time at a place it is evident that an exhaustive study of the people of any particular locality could not be made. But the culture plane of the entire area is practically the same, and the facts as here presented should give a good idea of the customs and the general condition of the Negritos of Zambales Province. The short time at my disposal for the investigation is my only excuse for the meager treatment given some lines of study—as, for example, physical anthropology and language.Inasmuch as nothing has yet been published by The Ethnological Survey on the Negritos of the Philippines, I have thought it not out of place to preface my report with an introductory chapter on theirdistribution. The data contained therein have been compiled by me from information gathered by the Survey during the past two years and are sufficiently authentic for the present purpose.The photographs of the Zambales Negritos were made by Mr. J. Diamond and those of the Bataan Negritos are from the collection of Hon. Dean C. Worcester, Secretary of the Interior. Credit for each photograph is given on the plate as it appears.
Negritos of ZambalesbyWilliam Allan ReedManilaBureau of Public Printing1904
Letter of TransmittalDepartment of the Interior,The Ethnological Survey,Manila, March 3, 1904.Sir: I have the honor to transmit a study of the Negritos of Zambales Province made by Mr. William Allan Reed, of The Ethnological Survey, during the year 1903. It is transmitted with the recommendation that it be published as Part I of Volume II of a series of scientific studies to be published by this Survey.Respectfully,Chief of the Ethnological Survey.Hon. Dean C. Worcester,Secretary of the Interior, Manila, P. I.
Department of the Interior,The Ethnological Survey,
Manila, March 3, 1904.
Sir: I have the honor to transmit a study of the Negritos of Zambales Province made by Mr. William Allan Reed, of The Ethnological Survey, during the year 1903. It is transmitted with the recommendation that it be published as Part I of Volume II of a series of scientific studies to be published by this Survey.
Respectfully,
Chief of the Ethnological Survey.
Hon. Dean C. Worcester,
Secretary of the Interior, Manila, P. I.
Letter of SubmittalDepartment of the Interior,The Ethnological Survey,Manila, March 1, 1904.SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith my report on the Negritos of Zambales.Very respectfully,William Allan Reed.Dr. Albert Ernest Jenks,Chief of The Ethnological Survey, Manila, P. I.Table of ContentsLetter of TransmittalLetter of SubmittalIllustrationsPrefaceChapter 1: Distribution of NegritosPresent Distribution in the PhilippinesIn LuzonIn the Southern IslandsConclusionChapter 2: The Province of ZambalesGeographical FeaturesHistorical SketchHabitat of the NegritosChapter 3: Negritos of ZambalesPhysical FeaturesPermanent AdornmentClothing and DressChapter 4: Industrial LifeHome LifeAgricultureManufacture and TradeHunting and FishingChapter 5: AmusementsGamesMusicDancingThe Potato Dance, or Piña CamoteThe Bee Dance, or Piña Pa-ni-lanThe Torture DanceThe Lovers’ DanceThe Duel DanceChapter 6: General Social LifeThe ChildMarriageRice CeremonyHead Ceremony“Leput,” or Home ComingPolygamy and DivorceBurialMoralsSlaveryIntellectual LifeSuperstitionsChapter 7: Spanish Attempts to Organize NegritosAnthropometric MeasurementsVocabulariesPlates
Department of the Interior,The Ethnological Survey,
Manila, March 1, 1904.
SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith my report on the Negritos of Zambales.
Very respectfully,
William Allan Reed.
Dr. Albert Ernest Jenks,
Chief of The Ethnological Survey, Manila, P. I.
Table of ContentsLetter of TransmittalLetter of SubmittalIllustrationsPrefaceChapter 1: Distribution of NegritosPresent Distribution in the PhilippinesIn LuzonIn the Southern IslandsConclusionChapter 2: The Province of ZambalesGeographical FeaturesHistorical SketchHabitat of the NegritosChapter 3: Negritos of ZambalesPhysical FeaturesPermanent AdornmentClothing and DressChapter 4: Industrial LifeHome LifeAgricultureManufacture and TradeHunting and FishingChapter 5: AmusementsGamesMusicDancingThe Potato Dance, or Piña CamoteThe Bee Dance, or Piña Pa-ni-lanThe Torture DanceThe Lovers’ DanceThe Duel DanceChapter 6: General Social LifeThe ChildMarriageRice CeremonyHead Ceremony“Leput,” or Home ComingPolygamy and DivorceBurialMoralsSlaveryIntellectual LifeSuperstitionsChapter 7: Spanish Attempts to Organize NegritosAnthropometric MeasurementsVocabulariesPlates
IllustrationsI.Outline map of the Philippine Islands, showing distribution of Negritos.18II.Outline map of Zambales, showing distribution of Negritos.30III.Negrito women of Bataan on a rock in a stream.30IV.Negrito man from Nangsol, near Subig, Zambales.30V.Negrito man from Aglao, Zambales.30VI.Negrito woman of Zambales.30VII.View near Santa Fé, Zambales.30VIII.Capitán of Villar.30IX.Negrito man of Zambales.30X.Showing the relative height of American, mixed blood and pure Negrito.30XI.Group of Negritos and Constabulary at Cabayan, Zambales.30XII.Old man of Zambales, pure Negrito.30XIII.Old man of Zambales, pure Negrito, showing hair on face and chest.30XIV.Negrito of Zambales, showing hair on the chin and skin disease on the arm.30XV.Pure Negrito of Zambales, showing hair on the chin.30XVI.Negrito Man of Zambales, showing hair on the face.30XVII.Negrito girls of Zambales, one with hair clipped behind to eradicate vermin.30XVIII.Negrito man of Zambales, pure blood.30XIX.Negrito man of Zambales, mixed blood.44XX.Negrito man of Zambales, pure blood.44XXI.Negrito man of Zambales, mixed blood.44XXII.Negritogirlof Zambales, pureblood.44XXIII.Negrito woman of Zambales, mixed blood.44XXIV.Old Negrito woman of Zambales, pure blood.44XXV.Negrito man of Zambales, pure blood.44XXVI.Negrito man of Negros, mixed blood.44XXVII.Negrito man of Zambales.44XXVIII.Negritos (emigrants from Panay) of Maao, Occidental Negros; mixed bloods.44XXIX.Group of Negrito men at Santa Fé, Zambales.44XXX.Principal men of Tagiltil, Zambales; pure Zambal and mixed Negrito.44XXXI.Negritos of Zambales, mixed bloods.44XXXII.Group of people called Aburlin; non-Christian Zambal and Negrito mixed bloods.44XXXIII.Negrito women of Zambales.44XXXIV.Group of Negrito women at Santa Fé, Zambales, showing dress.44XXXV.Negrito girls of Zambales, one wearing necklace of dried berries.58XXXVI.Combs worn by Negritos of Zambales.58XXXVII.Ornaments worn by Negritos of Zambales.58XXXVIII.Negrito man, wife, and hut, Bataan.58XXXIX.Better class of Negrito hut, Zambales.58XL.Negrito man of Bataan making fire with bamboo.58XLI.Negrito men of Bataan making fire with bamboo.58XLII.Bows and arrows used by Negritos of Zambales.58XLIII.Position taken by Negritos of Zambales in shooting.58XLIV.Negrito man of Bataan drawing a bow; hog-bristle ornaments on the legs.58XLV.Negrito man of Negros (emigrant from Panay) drawing a bow.58XLVI.Musical instruments used by Negritos of Zambales.58XLVII.Negritos of Zambales singing the “talbun.”58XLVIII.Negritos of Zambales dancing.58XLIX.Negrito men of Bataan beating gongs and dancing.58L.Negritos of Zambales dancing the “torture dance.”58LI.Negrito woman and daughter, Bataan.72LII.Pure Negrito woman and mixed blood, with babies, Zambales.72LIII.Negrito women and children, Zambales.72LIV.Negrito children, Santa Fé, Zambales.72LV.Capitán of Cabayan, Zambales, with Negrito and Zambal wives.72LVI.Boys of Zambales, showing scars made by blistering for fevers, etc.72LVII.Negrito woman of Zambales, pure blood, showing scars made by blistering for fevers, etc.72LVIII.Negrito woman of Zambales, pure blood, showing skin disease.72LIX.Negrito man of Zambales, mixed blood, showing skin disease.72LX.Negrito boy of Zambales, mixed blood, showing skin disease.72LXI.Negrito man of Zambales, mixed blood, showing skin disease.72LXII.Capitán-General del Monte, Negrito of Zambales.72Figure 1.“Belatic,” trap used by Negritos.45Figure 2.Marks on dice used by Negritos.49
PrefaceThis report is based on two months’ field work pursued during May and June, 1903. Accompanied by Mr. J. Diamond, a photographer, the writer went in the latter part of April to Iba, Zambales, where a few days were spent in investigating the dialects of the Zambal people and in preparation for a trip to the interior.After a journey of 25 miles inland a camp was established near Tagiltil. During the three weeks we were there the camp was visited by about 700 Negritos, who came in from outlying settlements, often far back in the mountains; but, owing to the fact that most of them would remain only as long as they were fed, extended investigations had to be conducted largely among the residents of Tagiltil and the neighboring rancheria of Villar.From Tagiltil a trip was made southward behind the low mountain chain, which marks the limit of the plain, and through a hitherto unexplored territory, very broken and next to impassable except in the dry season. The trail, known only to Negritos and but little used, followed for the most part the beds of mountain streams. Four little rancherias were passed, the people of two of which had already visited us. A hard two-day trip brought us to Santa Fé, a barrio of San Marcelino. After a week with the Negritos at this place a trip was made toward the Pampanga boundary to Cabayan and Aglao, the former locality inhabited by several small groups of Negritos, the latter an isolated Ilokano barrio in and near which the Negritos live. A visit to the rancherias near Subig and Olongapo concluded the investigation. In all, more than a thousand Negritos were seen.With only a short time at a place it is evident that an exhaustive study of the people of any particular locality could not be made. But the culture plane of the entire area is practically the same, and the facts as here presented should give a good idea of the customs and the general condition of the Negritos of Zambales Province. The short time at my disposal for the investigation is my only excuse for the meager treatment given some lines of study—as, for example, physical anthropology and language.Inasmuch as nothing has yet been published by The Ethnological Survey on the Negritos of the Philippines, I have thought it not out of place to preface my report with an introductory chapter on theirdistribution. The data contained therein have been compiled by me from information gathered by the Survey during the past two years and are sufficiently authentic for the present purpose.The photographs of the Zambales Negritos were made by Mr. J. Diamond and those of the Bataan Negritos are from the collection of Hon. Dean C. Worcester, Secretary of the Interior. Credit for each photograph is given on the plate as it appears.
This report is based on two months’ field work pursued during May and June, 1903. Accompanied by Mr. J. Diamond, a photographer, the writer went in the latter part of April to Iba, Zambales, where a few days were spent in investigating the dialects of the Zambal people and in preparation for a trip to the interior.
After a journey of 25 miles inland a camp was established near Tagiltil. During the three weeks we were there the camp was visited by about 700 Negritos, who came in from outlying settlements, often far back in the mountains; but, owing to the fact that most of them would remain only as long as they were fed, extended investigations had to be conducted largely among the residents of Tagiltil and the neighboring rancheria of Villar.
From Tagiltil a trip was made southward behind the low mountain chain, which marks the limit of the plain, and through a hitherto unexplored territory, very broken and next to impassable except in the dry season. The trail, known only to Negritos and but little used, followed for the most part the beds of mountain streams. Four little rancherias were passed, the people of two of which had already visited us. A hard two-day trip brought us to Santa Fé, a barrio of San Marcelino. After a week with the Negritos at this place a trip was made toward the Pampanga boundary to Cabayan and Aglao, the former locality inhabited by several small groups of Negritos, the latter an isolated Ilokano barrio in and near which the Negritos live. A visit to the rancherias near Subig and Olongapo concluded the investigation. In all, more than a thousand Negritos were seen.
With only a short time at a place it is evident that an exhaustive study of the people of any particular locality could not be made. But the culture plane of the entire area is practically the same, and the facts as here presented should give a good idea of the customs and the general condition of the Negritos of Zambales Province. The short time at my disposal for the investigation is my only excuse for the meager treatment given some lines of study—as, for example, physical anthropology and language.
Inasmuch as nothing has yet been published by The Ethnological Survey on the Negritos of the Philippines, I have thought it not out of place to preface my report with an introductory chapter on theirdistribution. The data contained therein have been compiled by me from information gathered by the Survey during the past two years and are sufficiently authentic for the present purpose.
The photographs of the Zambales Negritos were made by Mr. J. Diamond and those of the Bataan Negritos are from the collection of Hon. Dean C. Worcester, Secretary of the Interior. Credit for each photograph is given on the plate as it appears.