{23}Thirdly, Of Fishes.[62]
PlinyandIsadorewrite there are not above 144 Kinds of Fishes, but to my knowledge there are nearer 300: I supposeAmericawas not known toPlinyandIsadore.
A Catalogue of Fish, that is, of those that are to be seen between the English Coast andAmerica,and those proper to the Countrey.
Alderling.Alize,Alewife, because great-bellied;Olafle,Oldwife,Allow.[63]AnchovaorSea Minnow.Aleport.Albicore.[64]Barble.Barracha.Barracoutha, a fish peculiar to theWest-Indies.[65]Barsticle.Basse.[66]Sea Bishop, proper to theNorwaySeas.{24}River BleakorBley, aRiver Swallow.Sea BleakorBley, orSea Camelion.Blew FishorHound Fish, two kinds,speckled Hound Fish, andBlew Hound FishcalledHorse Fish.[67]BonitoorDozado, orSpanish Dolphin.[68]River Bream.Sea Bream.[69]Cud Bream.BullheadorIndian Muscle.River Bulls.Burfish.Burret.CackarelorLaxe.CalemarieorSea Clerk.Catfish.[70]Carp.Chare, aFishproper to the RiverWimanderinLancashire.Sea Chough.Chub or Chevin.Cony Fish.ClamorClamp.[71]Sea Cob.Cockes, orCoccles, orCoquil.[72]Cook Fish.Rock Cod.Sea CodorSea Whiting.[73]{25}Crab, divers kinds, as theSea Crab,Boatfish,River Crab,Sea Lion,&c.Sea Cucumber.CungerorSea Eel.CunnerorSea Roach.Cur.Currier,Post, orLacqueyof the Sea.CrampfishorTorpedo.Cuttle, orSleeves, orSea Angler.Clupea, theTunniesenemy.Sea Cornet.CornutaorHorned Fish.Dace,Dare, orDart.Sea Dart,Javelins.Dog-fishorTubarone.Dolphin.Dorce.Dorrie,Goldfish.Golden-eye,Gilt-pole, orGodline,Yellow-heads.Sea DragonorSea Spider,Quaviner.Drum, a Fish frequent in theWest Indies.Sea EmperourorSword Fish.Eel, of which divers kinds.[74]Sea Elephant, the Leather of this Fish will never rot, excellent for Thongs.Earsof the Sea.Flayl-fish.{26}FlownderorFlook, the young ones are calledDabs.Sea FlownderorFlowre.Sea Fox.Frogfish.Frostfish.[75]Frutola, a broad plain Fish with a Tail like a half Moon.Sea Flea.Gallyfish.Grandpiss[76]orHerring Hog, this, as all Fish of extraordinary size, are accounted Regal Fishes.Grayling.Greedigut.Groundling.Gudgin.Gulf.Sea Grape.Gull.Gurnard.Hake.HaccleorSticklebacks.Haddock.Horse FootorAsses Hoof.Herring.HallibutorSea Pheasant. Some will have theTurbutall one, others distinguish {27} them, calling the young Fish of the firstButtis, and of the otherBirt. There is no question to be made of it but that they are distinct kinds of Fish.[77]Sea Hare.[78]Sea Hawk.Hartfish.Sea Hermit.Henfish.Sea Hind.Hornbeak,Sea RuffandReeves.Sea Horseman.HogorFlying Fish.Sea KiteorFlying Swallow.LampretorLamprel.LampreysorLamprones.[79]Limpin.Ling,Sea Beef; the smaller sort is calledCusk.Sea Lanthorn.Sea Liver.Lobster.[80]Sea Lizard.Sea Locusts.Lump,Poddle, orSea Owl.Lanter.Lux, peculiar to the riverRhyne.Sea Lights.{28}Luna, a very small Fish, but exceeding beautiful, broad-bodied and blewish of colour; when it swims, the Fins make a Circle like the Moon.Maycril.Maid.Manatee.Mola, a Fish like a lump of Flesh, taken in theVenetianSea.Millers Thumb,MulcetorPollard.Molefish.Minnow, called likewise aPink; the same name is given to youngSalmon; it is called also aWitlin.Monkefish.[81]Morse,RiverorSea Horse,[82]fresh waterMullet.Sea Mullet,BotargoorPetargois made of their Spawn.Muscle, divers kinds.[83]Navelfish.Nunfish.Needlefish.Sea Nettle.Oyster.[84]Occulata.PerchorRiver Partridge.Pollack.{29}PiperorGavefish.Periwig.PeriwincleorSea SnailorWhelk.Pike, orFresh-water Wolf, orRiver Wolf,LuceandLucerne, which is an overgrownPike.Pilchard, when they are dried asRed Herringsthey are calledFumadoes.Pilot Fish.PlaiceorSea Sparrow.PolipeorPour-Contrel.PorpuiseorPorpiss,Molebut,Sea Hog,Sus Marinus,Tursion.Priest FishorSea Priest.PrawnorCrangone.Punger.Patella.Powt, theFeathered Fish, orFork Fish.River Powt.Pursefish, orIndian Reversus, like anEel; having a Skin on the hinder part of her Head, like a Purse, with strings, which will open and shut.Parratfish.Purplefish.Porgee.Remora, orSuck Stone, orStop Ship.Sea Raven.{30}RochorRoach.RochetorRouget.RufforPope.Sea Ram.Salmon.[85]Sailfish.ScallopeorVenus Coccle.Scate, orRay, orGristlefish; of which divers kinds; assharp snowted Ray,Rock Ray,&c.Shad.[86]Shallow.Sharpling.Spurling.Sculpin.Sheepshead.[87]Soles, orTonguefish, orSea Capon, orSea Partridge.Seal, orSoil, orZeal.[88]Sea Calf, and (as some will have it)Molebut.Sheathfish.[89]Sea Scales.Sturgeon; of the Roe of this Fish they makeCaviare, orCavialtie.[90]SharkorBunch, several kinds.[91]Smelt.Snaccot.{31}Shrimp.Spyfish.Spitefish.Sprat.Spungefish.Squill.Squid.[92]Sunfish.Starfish.[93]Swordfish.Tench.ThornbackorNeptunes Beard.Thunnie, they cut the Fish in pieces like shingles and powder it, and this they callMelandria.Sea Toad.Tortoise,Torteise,Tortuga,Tortisse,TurcleorTurtle, of divers kinds.[94]Trout.[95]Turbut.[96]Sea Tun.Sea Tree.Uraniscopus.UlatiseorSawfish, having a Saw in his Forehead three foot long, and very sharp.Umber.Sea Urchin.{32}Sea UnicornorSea Mononeros.Whale, many kinds.[97]WhitingorMerling, the young ones are calledWeerlingsandMops.Whore.[98]Yardfish,Asses PrickorShamefish.
Alderling.
Alize,Alewife, because great-bellied;Olafle,Oldwife,Allow.[63]
AnchovaorSea Minnow.
Aleport.
Albicore.[64]
Barble.
Barracha.
Barracoutha, a fish peculiar to theWest-Indies.[65]
Barsticle.
Basse.[66]
Sea Bishop, proper to theNorwaySeas.
{24}River BleakorBley, aRiver Swallow.
Sea BleakorBley, orSea Camelion.
Blew FishorHound Fish, two kinds,speckled Hound Fish, andBlew Hound FishcalledHorse Fish.[67]
BonitoorDozado, orSpanish Dolphin.[68]
River Bream.
Sea Bream.[69]
Cud Bream.
BullheadorIndian Muscle.
River Bulls.
Burfish.
Burret.
CackarelorLaxe.
CalemarieorSea Clerk.
Catfish.[70]
Carp.
Chare, aFishproper to the RiverWimanderinLancashire.
Sea Chough.
Chub or Chevin.
Cony Fish.
ClamorClamp.[71]
Sea Cob.
Cockes, orCoccles, orCoquil.[72]
Cook Fish.
Rock Cod.
Sea CodorSea Whiting.[73]
{25}Crab, divers kinds, as theSea Crab,Boatfish,River Crab,Sea Lion,&c.
Sea Cucumber.
CungerorSea Eel.
CunnerorSea Roach.
Cur.
Currier,Post, orLacqueyof the Sea.
CrampfishorTorpedo.
Cuttle, orSleeves, orSea Angler.
Clupea, theTunniesenemy.
Sea Cornet.
CornutaorHorned Fish.
Dace,Dare, orDart.
Sea Dart,Javelins.
Dog-fishorTubarone.
Dolphin.
Dorce.
Dorrie,Goldfish.
Golden-eye,Gilt-pole, orGodline,Yellow-heads.
Sea DragonorSea Spider,Quaviner.
Drum, a Fish frequent in theWest Indies.
Sea EmperourorSword Fish.
Eel, of which divers kinds.[74]
Sea Elephant, the Leather of this Fish will never rot, excellent for Thongs.
Earsof the Sea.
Flayl-fish.
{26}FlownderorFlook, the young ones are calledDabs.
Sea FlownderorFlowre.
Sea Fox.
Frogfish.
Frostfish.[75]
Frutola, a broad plain Fish with a Tail like a half Moon.
Sea Flea.
Gallyfish.
Grandpiss[76]orHerring Hog, this, as all Fish of extraordinary size, are accounted Regal Fishes.
Grayling.
Greedigut.
Groundling.
Gudgin.
Gulf.
Sea Grape.
Gull.
Gurnard.
Hake.
HaccleorSticklebacks.
Haddock.
Horse FootorAsses Hoof.
Herring.
HallibutorSea Pheasant. Some will have theTurbutall one, others distinguish {27} them, calling the young Fish of the firstButtis, and of the otherBirt. There is no question to be made of it but that they are distinct kinds of Fish.[77]
Sea Hare.[78]
Sea Hawk.
Hartfish.
Sea Hermit.
Henfish.
Sea Hind.
Hornbeak,Sea RuffandReeves.
Sea Horseman.
HogorFlying Fish.
Sea KiteorFlying Swallow.
LampretorLamprel.
LampreysorLamprones.[79]
Limpin.
Ling,Sea Beef; the smaller sort is calledCusk.
Sea Lanthorn.
Sea Liver.
Lobster.[80]
Sea Lizard.
Sea Locusts.
Lump,Poddle, orSea Owl.
Lanter.
Lux, peculiar to the riverRhyne.
Sea Lights.
{28}Luna, a very small Fish, but exceeding beautiful, broad-bodied and blewish of colour; when it swims, the Fins make a Circle like the Moon.
Maycril.
Maid.
Manatee.
Mola, a Fish like a lump of Flesh, taken in theVenetianSea.
Millers Thumb,MulcetorPollard.
Molefish.
Minnow, called likewise aPink; the same name is given to youngSalmon; it is called also aWitlin.
Monkefish.[81]
Morse,RiverorSea Horse,[82]fresh waterMullet.
Sea Mullet,BotargoorPetargois made of their Spawn.
Muscle, divers kinds.[83]
Navelfish.
Nunfish.
Needlefish.
Sea Nettle.
Oyster.[84]
Occulata.
PerchorRiver Partridge.
Pollack.
{29}PiperorGavefish.
Periwig.
PeriwincleorSea SnailorWhelk.
Pike, orFresh-water Wolf, orRiver Wolf,LuceandLucerne, which is an overgrownPike.
Pilchard, when they are dried asRed Herringsthey are calledFumadoes.
Pilot Fish.
PlaiceorSea Sparrow.
PolipeorPour-Contrel.
PorpuiseorPorpiss,Molebut,Sea Hog,Sus Marinus,Tursion.
Priest FishorSea Priest.
PrawnorCrangone.
Punger.
Patella.
Powt, theFeathered Fish, orFork Fish.
River Powt.
Pursefish, orIndian Reversus, like anEel; having a Skin on the hinder part of her Head, like a Purse, with strings, which will open and shut.
Parratfish.
Purplefish.
Porgee.
Remora, orSuck Stone, orStop Ship.
Sea Raven.
{30}RochorRoach.
RochetorRouget.
RufforPope.
Sea Ram.
Salmon.[85]
Sailfish.
ScallopeorVenus Coccle.
Scate, orRay, orGristlefish; of which divers kinds; assharp snowted Ray,Rock Ray,&c.
Shad.[86]
Shallow.
Sharpling.
Spurling.
Sculpin.
Sheepshead.[87]
Soles, orTonguefish, orSea Capon, orSea Partridge.
Seal, orSoil, orZeal.[88]
Sea Calf, and (as some will have it)Molebut.
Sheathfish.[89]
Sea Scales.
Sturgeon; of the Roe of this Fish they makeCaviare, orCavialtie.[90]
SharkorBunch, several kinds.[91]
Smelt.
Snaccot.
{31}Shrimp.
Spyfish.
Spitefish.
Sprat.
Spungefish.
Squill.
Squid.[92]
Sunfish.
Starfish.[93]
Swordfish.
Tench.
ThornbackorNeptunes Beard.
Thunnie, they cut the Fish in pieces like shingles and powder it, and this they callMelandria.
Sea Toad.
Tortoise,Torteise,Tortuga,Tortisse,TurcleorTurtle, of divers kinds.[94]
Trout.[95]
Turbut.[96]
Sea Tun.
Sea Tree.
Uraniscopus.
UlatiseorSawfish, having a Saw in his Forehead three foot long, and very sharp.
Umber.
Sea Urchin.
{32}Sea UnicornorSea Mononeros.
Whale, many kinds.[97]
WhitingorMerling, the young ones are calledWeerlingsandMops.
Whore.[98]
Yardfish,Asses PrickorShamefish.
The Sturgeon.
TheSturgeon, of whose Sounds is made Isinglass, a kind of Glew much used in Physick: This Fish is here in great plenty, and in some Rivers so numerous, that it is hazardous for Canoes and the like small Vessels to pass to and again, as inPechipscutRiver to the Eastward.
The Cod.
TheCod, which is a staple Commodity in the Country.
To stop Fluxes of Blood.
In the Head of this Fish is found a Stone, or rather a Bone, which being pulveriz’d and drank in any convenient liquor, will stop Womens overflowing Courses notably: Likewise,
{33}For the Stone.
There is a Stone found in their Bellies, in a Bladder against their Navel, which being pulveriz’d and drank in White-wine Posset or Ale, is present Remedy for the Stone.
To heal a green Cut.
About their Fins you may find a kind of Lowse, which healeth a green Cut in short time.
To restore them that have melted their Grease.
Their Livers and Sounds eaten, is a good Medicine for to restore them that have melted their Grease.
The Dogfish.
TheDogfish, a ravenous Fish.
For the Toothach.
Upon whose Back grows a Thorn two or three Inches long, that helps the Toothach, scarifying the Gums therewith.
Their Skins are good to cover Boxes and Instrument Cases.
{34}The Stingray.
TheStingray, a large Fish, of a rough Skin, good to cover Boxes and Hafts of Knives, and Rapier sticks.
The Tortous.
TheTurtleorTortous, of which there are three kinds:1. The landTurtle; they are found in dry sandy Banks, under old Houses, and never go into the water.
For the Ptisick, Consumption, and Morbus Gallicus.
They are good for the Ptisick and Consumptions, and some say theMorbus Gallicus.
2. The RiverTurtle, which are venomous and stink.
3. TheTurtlethat lives in Lakes and is called inVirginiaaTerrapine.
The Soile.
TheSoileorSea Calf, a Creature that brings forth her young ones upon dry land, but at other times keeps in the Sea preying upon Fish.
{35}For Scalds and Burns, and for the Mother.
The Oyl of it is much used by theIndians, who eat of it with their Fish, and anoint their limbs therewith, and their Wounds and Sores: It is very good for Scalds and Burns; and the fume of it, being cast upon Coals, will bring Women out of the Mother Fits. The Hair uponthe young ones is white, and as soft as silk; their Skins, with the Hair on, are good to make Gloves for the Winter.
The Sperma Ceti Whale.
TheSperma Ceti Whalediffereth from theWhalesthat yield us Whale-bones, for the first hath great and long Teeth, the other is nothing but Bones with Tassels hanging from their Jaws, with which they suck in their prey.
What Sperma Ceti is.
It is not long since aSperma Ceti Whaleor two were cast upon the shore, not far fromBostonin theMassachusetts Bay, which being cut into small pieces and boiled in Cauldrons, yielded plenty of Oyl; the Oyl put up into Hogsheads, and flow’d into Cellars for some time, Candies at the {36} bottom, it may be one quarter; then the Oyl is drawn off, and the Candied Stuff put up into convenient Vessels is sold forSperma Ceti, and is rightSperma Ceti.
For Bruises and Aches.
The Oyl that was drawn off Candies again and again, if well ordered; and is admirable for Bruises and Aches.
What Ambergreece is.
Now you must understand thisWhalefeeds uponAmbergreece, as is apparent, finding it in theWhalesMaw in great quantity, but altered and excrementitious: I conceive thatAmbergreeceis no other than a kind of Mushroom growing at the bottom of some Seas; I was onceshewed (by a Mariner) a piece ofAmbergreecehaving a root to it like that of the land Mushroom, which theWhalebreaking up, some scape his devouring Paunch, and is afterwards cast upon shore.
The Coccle.[99]
A kind ofCoccle, of whose Shell theIndiansmake their Beads calledWompampeagandMohaicks, the first are white, the other blew, bothOrient, and beau{37}tified with a purple Vein. The white Beads are very good to stanch Blood.
The Scarlet Muscle.
TheScarlet Muscle, atPaschataweya Plantation about fifty leagues by Sea Eastward fromBoston, in a smallCovecalledBakers Covethere is found this kind ofMusclewhich hath a purple Vein, which being prickt with a Needle yieldeth a perfect purple or scarlet juice, dying Linnen so that no washing will wear it out, but keeps its lustre many years: We mark our Handkerchiefs and Shirts with it.[100]
Fish of greatest Esteem in the West Indies.
TheIndiansofPeruesteem of three Fishes more than any other,viz.theSea Torteise, theTubaron, and theManate,[101]orSea Cow; but inNew-EnglandtheIndianshave in greatest request, theBass, theSturgeon, theSalmon, theLamprey, theEel, theFrost-fish, theLobsterand theClam.