THE END

FOOTNOTES:[1]Thomas and Znaniecki,The Polish Peasant, vol. ii, pp. 298-455.[2]SeeReport of U. S. Immigration Commission, vol. viii, pp. 662-664. AlsoReport of Massachusetts Immigration Commission, 1914, pp. 64-69. Also "Studies in Chicago Housing Conditions,"American Journal of Sociology, vol. xvi, no. 2 (September, 1910), pp. 145-170.[3]United States Department of Labor,Report of United States Housing Corporation, vol. ii, p. 507.[4]See Annual Reports of the Immigrants' Protective League, 1909-18; Massachusetts Immigration Commission, 1914, pp. 58-64; Abbott, Grace,The Immigrant and the Community, pp. 55, 56, and 68 fol.[5]Report of the United States Housing Corporation, vol. ii, p. 508.[6]See John Daniels,America via the Neighborhood, chap. iii.[7]See among other studies Chapin,The Standard of Living Among Workingmen's Families in New York City(Russell Sage Foundation Publication, 1909), p. 234; Byington,Homestead, the Households of a Mill Town(Russell Sage Foundation Publication, 1910), p. 105; Kennedy and others,Wages and Family Budgets in the Chicago Stock Yards District(University of Chicago Settlement, 1914), pp. 78-79;Eighteenth Annual Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Labor; U. S. Bureau of Labor,Report on Condition of Woman and Child Wage Earners in the United States, vol. xvi, "Family Budgets of Typical Cotton-mill Workers," pp. 142, 250;Report of the U. S. Immigration Commission, vol. xix, p. 223.[8]United States Bureau of Labor Monthly Review, July, 1919, p. 48.[9]Ibid., March, 1919, p. 119.[10]"Infant Mortality, Results of a Field Study in Johnstown, Pennsylvania," U. S. Children's Bureau Publication No. 9.[11]"Infant Mortality, A Study of Infant Mortality in a Suburban Community," U. S. Children's Bureau Publication No. 11.[12]"Infant Mortality, Results of a Field Study in Manchester, New Hampshire," U. S. Children's Bureau Publication No. 20.[13]Details may be secured from the National Housing Association, 105 East Twenty-second Street, New York City.[14]Chicago Housing Studies,American Journal of Sociology, vol. xx, p. 154.[15]Children's Bureau Publication No. 9, "Infant Mortality, Johnstown, Pennsylvania," p. 29.[16]See Edith Elmer Wood,The Housing of the Unskilled Wage Earner;Report of Massachusetts Homestead Commission;Reports of United States Housing Corporation.[17]Edith Elmer Wood,Housing of the Unskilled Wage Earner, chap. viii.[18]Edith Elmer Wood,Housing of the Unskilled Wage Earner, p. 233.[19]Survey, June 28, 1919.[20]SeeAnnual Report of the Immigrants' Protective League, 1910-1911, and Abbott,The Immigrant and the Community, chap. v, "The Special Problems of the Immigrant Girl."[21]Haskins,How Other People Get Ahead, Savings Division, United States Treasury Department, p. 4.[22]Report of the Health Insurance Commission of Illinois, p. 223.[23]Report of the Health Insurance Commission of the State of Illinois, pp. 443-483.[24]Ibid., pp. 523-532.[25]Ibid., pp. 483-497.[26]Chicago Housing Conditions,American Journal of Sociology, vol. xvi, p. 433; vol. xvii, pp. 1, 145; vol. xviii, p. 509; vol. xx, pp. 145, 289; vol. xxi, p. 185.[27]Chicago Housing Conditions, ix, "The Lithuanians in the Fourth Ward,"American Journal of Sociology, vol. xx, p. 296.[28]Ninth Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Labor on Building and Loan Associations, p. 56.[29]Ibid., pp. 12-13.[30]Kemmerer,Postal Savings Banks, pp. 100-104.[31]Thrift by Household Accounting and Weekly Cash Record Forms, published by the Committee on Household Budgets, American Home Economics Association, 1211 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Maryland.[32]See Freund,Police Power, Public Policy and Constitutional Rights, secs. 319-321.[33]Report of the United States Immigration Commission, vol. vi, pp. 318, 319.[34]United States Immigration Commission Reports, vol. vi, p. 95, "General Survey of the Bituminous Coal Mining Industry." See also pp. 650, 651.[35]United States Immigration Commission Reports, vol. vi, pp. 544-545, on the subject of "Housing by Employers." See Wood,The Housing of the Unskilled Wage Earner, p. 114 ff.[36]United States Bureau of Labor StatisticsMonthly Labor Review, May, 1917, p. 147, and June, 1919, p. 101.[37]Lusk,The Science of Nutrition(Third Edition), pp. 562, 570.[38]United States Bureau of Labor StatisticsMonthly Labor Review, vol. ix (July, 1919), p. 4. The analogy is drawn between the sale of food by calorie and the sale of coal by the British thermal unit.[39]See Thomas,Sex and Society, chap. vii; Veblen,Theory of the Leisure Class, chap. vii; Anthony,Feminism in Germany and Scandinavia, chaps. v and vi, "Dress Reform."[40]The Chicago Standard Budget for Dependent Families, p. 18.[41]Ibid., p. 14.[42]New York daily papers, September 18, 19, 20, 1919. Reports of International Conference of Women Physicians under Auspices of Young Women's Christian Association.[43]See, for example, King,Lower Living Costs in Cities.[44]Breckinridge and Abbott,The Delinquent Child and the Home, p. 66.[45]See Thomas and Znaniecki,The Polish Peasant, vol. i.[46]Abbott and Breckinridge,Truancy and Nonattendance in the Chicago Schools, chap. viii, p. 129.[47]See Jane Addams,Twenty Years at Hull House, chap. xi.[48]Breckinridge and Abbott,The Delinquent Child and the Home, p. 57.[49]Ibid., p. 61.[50]Breckinridge and Abbott,The Delinquent Child and the Home, p. 62. SeeU. S. Twelfth Census Population, vol. ii, p. 314, Table XXXII.[51]See John Daniels,America via the Neighborhood.[52]Such as the Russell Sage Foundation Studies: Slingerland'sChild Placing in Families; Hart'sPreventive Treatment of Neglected Children, and Ralph'sElements of Record Keeping for Child-helping Organizations.[53]See Abbott,The Immigrant and the Community, chap. i;Report of the Massachusetts Immigration Commission, 1914;Reports of the Immigrants' Protective League of Chicago.[54]As is contemplated in the Act creating the New York Bureau of Immigration and Industry. See Birdseye, Cummin's and Gilbert'sConsolidated Laws of New York Supplement, 1913, vol. ii, p. 1589, sec. 153; andLaws of 1915, chap. 674, sec. 7, vol. iii, p. 2271.[55]See Frank V. Thompson,Schooling of the Immigrant.[56]Statutes of California, 1915, chap. xxxvii. The home teacher should not be confused with the visiting teacher; a device in social case work.[57]A Manual for Home Teachers(published by the State Commission of Immigration and Housing), 1919, p. 13.[58]Ibid., p. 19.[59]A Manual for Home Teachers, 1919, p. 8.[60]See also Report of the Children's Bureau on "Children's Year" and "Back to School Drive."[61]38 U. S. Statutes at Large, p. 372 (May 8, 1914).[62]The so-called "Land Grant" colleges (1862). 12 U. S. Statutes at Large, p. 503.[63]39 Statutes at Large, p. 929.[64]See Report of the Chief Medical Officer of the Board of Education for 1910 (Cd. 4986). See also Education (Provision of Meals Act, 1906), L. R. 6, Ed. 7, chap. lvii, widened in 1914 to include holidays as well as school days, and enlarging the discretion of the authorities as to the purpose. See also L. R. 7, Ed. 7, chap. xliii, an Act to make provision for the better administration by the central and local authorities ... of the enactments relating to education.[65]Reports of Commissioners of Education, 1914-16, pp. 29-31.[66]Annual Report of the Board of Education, 1917, pp. 12-13.[67]Annual Report of the Board of Education, 1917, pp. 10-12.[68]Acts of 1919, chap. 295.[69]Mr. John J. Mahoney, seeAmericanization Letter, No. 1, September 11, 1919, Department of University Extension, Massachusetts Board of Education.[70]SeeFirst Annual Report of the Massachusetts Bureau of Immigration, p. 38.[71]Memorandum on Subsidiary Health and Kindred Services for Women, prepared by Miss A. M. Anderson, C. B. E., p. 5.[72]Charity Service Reports, Cook County, Illinois, Fiscal Year 1917, pp. 74, 350.[73]Richmond,Social Diagnosis, p. 118.[74]V. G. Kirkpatrick, "War-time Work of the Visiting Housekeeper," in theYearbook of the United Charities of Chicago, 1917, p. 18.[75]Illinois Revised Statutes, chap. cvii.[76]Illinois Revised Statutes, chap. xxiii, sec. 298.[77]Abbott, E., "Experimental State in Mothers' Pension Legislation,"National Conference of Social Work, 1917, pp. 154-164, andU. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin, No. 212, p. 818. See alsoInstitution Quarterly of Illinois, March, 1916, p. 97.[78]Massachusetts General Acts, 1913, chap. 763, sec. 3.[79]Deering's Political Code of California, sec. 2283 fol., p. 571.[80]New Jersey Acts, 1915, p. 206 fol.[81]Laws of Pennsylvania, 1914, p. 118;1915, p. 1085.[82]Michael M. Davis,Immigrant Health and the Community.

[1]Thomas and Znaniecki,The Polish Peasant, vol. ii, pp. 298-455.

[2]SeeReport of U. S. Immigration Commission, vol. viii, pp. 662-664. AlsoReport of Massachusetts Immigration Commission, 1914, pp. 64-69. Also "Studies in Chicago Housing Conditions,"American Journal of Sociology, vol. xvi, no. 2 (September, 1910), pp. 145-170.

[3]United States Department of Labor,Report of United States Housing Corporation, vol. ii, p. 507.

[4]See Annual Reports of the Immigrants' Protective League, 1909-18; Massachusetts Immigration Commission, 1914, pp. 58-64; Abbott, Grace,The Immigrant and the Community, pp. 55, 56, and 68 fol.

[5]Report of the United States Housing Corporation, vol. ii, p. 508.

[6]See John Daniels,America via the Neighborhood, chap. iii.

[7]See among other studies Chapin,The Standard of Living Among Workingmen's Families in New York City(Russell Sage Foundation Publication, 1909), p. 234; Byington,Homestead, the Households of a Mill Town(Russell Sage Foundation Publication, 1910), p. 105; Kennedy and others,Wages and Family Budgets in the Chicago Stock Yards District(University of Chicago Settlement, 1914), pp. 78-79;Eighteenth Annual Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Labor; U. S. Bureau of Labor,Report on Condition of Woman and Child Wage Earners in the United States, vol. xvi, "Family Budgets of Typical Cotton-mill Workers," pp. 142, 250;Report of the U. S. Immigration Commission, vol. xix, p. 223.

[8]United States Bureau of Labor Monthly Review, July, 1919, p. 48.

[9]Ibid., March, 1919, p. 119.

[10]"Infant Mortality, Results of a Field Study in Johnstown, Pennsylvania," U. S. Children's Bureau Publication No. 9.

[11]"Infant Mortality, A Study of Infant Mortality in a Suburban Community," U. S. Children's Bureau Publication No. 11.

[12]"Infant Mortality, Results of a Field Study in Manchester, New Hampshire," U. S. Children's Bureau Publication No. 20.

[13]Details may be secured from the National Housing Association, 105 East Twenty-second Street, New York City.

[14]Chicago Housing Studies,American Journal of Sociology, vol. xx, p. 154.

[15]Children's Bureau Publication No. 9, "Infant Mortality, Johnstown, Pennsylvania," p. 29.

[16]See Edith Elmer Wood,The Housing of the Unskilled Wage Earner;Report of Massachusetts Homestead Commission;Reports of United States Housing Corporation.

[17]Edith Elmer Wood,Housing of the Unskilled Wage Earner, chap. viii.

[18]Edith Elmer Wood,Housing of the Unskilled Wage Earner, p. 233.

[19]Survey, June 28, 1919.

[20]SeeAnnual Report of the Immigrants' Protective League, 1910-1911, and Abbott,The Immigrant and the Community, chap. v, "The Special Problems of the Immigrant Girl."

[21]Haskins,How Other People Get Ahead, Savings Division, United States Treasury Department, p. 4.

[22]Report of the Health Insurance Commission of Illinois, p. 223.

[23]Report of the Health Insurance Commission of the State of Illinois, pp. 443-483.

[24]Ibid., pp. 523-532.

[25]Ibid., pp. 483-497.

[26]Chicago Housing Conditions,American Journal of Sociology, vol. xvi, p. 433; vol. xvii, pp. 1, 145; vol. xviii, p. 509; vol. xx, pp. 145, 289; vol. xxi, p. 185.

[27]Chicago Housing Conditions, ix, "The Lithuanians in the Fourth Ward,"American Journal of Sociology, vol. xx, p. 296.

[28]Ninth Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Labor on Building and Loan Associations, p. 56.

[29]Ibid., pp. 12-13.

[30]Kemmerer,Postal Savings Banks, pp. 100-104.

[31]Thrift by Household Accounting and Weekly Cash Record Forms, published by the Committee on Household Budgets, American Home Economics Association, 1211 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Maryland.

[32]See Freund,Police Power, Public Policy and Constitutional Rights, secs. 319-321.

[33]Report of the United States Immigration Commission, vol. vi, pp. 318, 319.

[34]United States Immigration Commission Reports, vol. vi, p. 95, "General Survey of the Bituminous Coal Mining Industry." See also pp. 650, 651.

[35]United States Immigration Commission Reports, vol. vi, pp. 544-545, on the subject of "Housing by Employers." See Wood,The Housing of the Unskilled Wage Earner, p. 114 ff.

[36]United States Bureau of Labor StatisticsMonthly Labor Review, May, 1917, p. 147, and June, 1919, p. 101.

[37]Lusk,The Science of Nutrition(Third Edition), pp. 562, 570.

[38]United States Bureau of Labor StatisticsMonthly Labor Review, vol. ix (July, 1919), p. 4. The analogy is drawn between the sale of food by calorie and the sale of coal by the British thermal unit.

[39]See Thomas,Sex and Society, chap. vii; Veblen,Theory of the Leisure Class, chap. vii; Anthony,Feminism in Germany and Scandinavia, chaps. v and vi, "Dress Reform."

[40]The Chicago Standard Budget for Dependent Families, p. 18.

[41]Ibid., p. 14.

[42]New York daily papers, September 18, 19, 20, 1919. Reports of International Conference of Women Physicians under Auspices of Young Women's Christian Association.

[43]See, for example, King,Lower Living Costs in Cities.

[44]Breckinridge and Abbott,The Delinquent Child and the Home, p. 66.

[45]See Thomas and Znaniecki,The Polish Peasant, vol. i.

[46]Abbott and Breckinridge,Truancy and Nonattendance in the Chicago Schools, chap. viii, p. 129.

[47]See Jane Addams,Twenty Years at Hull House, chap. xi.

[48]Breckinridge and Abbott,The Delinquent Child and the Home, p. 57.

[49]Ibid., p. 61.

[50]Breckinridge and Abbott,The Delinquent Child and the Home, p. 62. SeeU. S. Twelfth Census Population, vol. ii, p. 314, Table XXXII.

[51]See John Daniels,America via the Neighborhood.

[52]Such as the Russell Sage Foundation Studies: Slingerland'sChild Placing in Families; Hart'sPreventive Treatment of Neglected Children, and Ralph'sElements of Record Keeping for Child-helping Organizations.

[53]See Abbott,The Immigrant and the Community, chap. i;Report of the Massachusetts Immigration Commission, 1914;Reports of the Immigrants' Protective League of Chicago.

[54]As is contemplated in the Act creating the New York Bureau of Immigration and Industry. See Birdseye, Cummin's and Gilbert'sConsolidated Laws of New York Supplement, 1913, vol. ii, p. 1589, sec. 153; andLaws of 1915, chap. 674, sec. 7, vol. iii, p. 2271.

[55]See Frank V. Thompson,Schooling of the Immigrant.

[56]Statutes of California, 1915, chap. xxxvii. The home teacher should not be confused with the visiting teacher; a device in social case work.

[57]A Manual for Home Teachers(published by the State Commission of Immigration and Housing), 1919, p. 13.

[58]Ibid., p. 19.

[59]A Manual for Home Teachers, 1919, p. 8.

[60]See also Report of the Children's Bureau on "Children's Year" and "Back to School Drive."

[61]38 U. S. Statutes at Large, p. 372 (May 8, 1914).

[62]The so-called "Land Grant" colleges (1862). 12 U. S. Statutes at Large, p. 503.

[63]39 Statutes at Large, p. 929.

[64]See Report of the Chief Medical Officer of the Board of Education for 1910 (Cd. 4986). See also Education (Provision of Meals Act, 1906), L. R. 6, Ed. 7, chap. lvii, widened in 1914 to include holidays as well as school days, and enlarging the discretion of the authorities as to the purpose. See also L. R. 7, Ed. 7, chap. xliii, an Act to make provision for the better administration by the central and local authorities ... of the enactments relating to education.

[65]Reports of Commissioners of Education, 1914-16, pp. 29-31.

[66]Annual Report of the Board of Education, 1917, pp. 12-13.

[67]Annual Report of the Board of Education, 1917, pp. 10-12.

[68]Acts of 1919, chap. 295.

[69]Mr. John J. Mahoney, seeAmericanization Letter, No. 1, September 11, 1919, Department of University Extension, Massachusetts Board of Education.

[70]SeeFirst Annual Report of the Massachusetts Bureau of Immigration, p. 38.

[71]Memorandum on Subsidiary Health and Kindred Services for Women, prepared by Miss A. M. Anderson, C. B. E., p. 5.

[72]Charity Service Reports, Cook County, Illinois, Fiscal Year 1917, pp. 74, 350.

[73]Richmond,Social Diagnosis, p. 118.

[74]V. G. Kirkpatrick, "War-time Work of the Visiting Housekeeper," in theYearbook of the United Charities of Chicago, 1917, p. 18.

[75]Illinois Revised Statutes, chap. cvii.

[76]Illinois Revised Statutes, chap. xxiii, sec. 298.

[77]Abbott, E., "Experimental State in Mothers' Pension Legislation,"National Conference of Social Work, 1917, pp. 154-164, andU. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin, No. 212, p. 818. See alsoInstitution Quarterly of Illinois, March, 1916, p. 97.

[78]Massachusetts General Acts, 1913, chap. 763, sec. 3.

[79]Deering's Political Code of California, sec. 2283 fol., p. 571.

[80]New Jersey Acts, 1915, p. 206 fol.

[81]Laws of Pennsylvania, 1914, p. 118;1915, p. 1085.

[82]Michael M. Davis,Immigrant Health and the Community.

Transcriber's NotesObvious printer's errors were repaired.Hyphenation variants in the original were retained.

Obvious printer's errors were repaired.

Hyphenation variants in the original were retained.

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