[1]This organ is termed the tongue by Mr. Meyrick. As many mandibulate insects possess a true tongue, and the proboscis of theLepidopterais not homologous with the tongue, but with the maxillæ, I think the term is very misleading.
This organ is termed the tongue by Mr. Meyrick. As many mandibulate insects possess a true tongue, and the proboscis of theLepidopterais not homologous with the tongue, but with the maxillæ, I think the term is very misleading.
[2]For the examination of the wings taken fromdriedspecimens, I have found that immersion in methylated spirits renders the veins visible afterpartialdenudation with the camel's-hair brush. With recent specimens, however, the scales can easily beentirelyremoved.
For the examination of the wings taken fromdriedspecimens, I have found that immersion in methylated spirits renders the veins visible afterpartialdenudation with the camel's-hair brush. With recent specimens, however, the scales can easily beentirelyremoved.
[3]I have found considerable difficulty and uncertainty in examining the neuration of undenuded specimens.
I have found considerable difficulty and uncertainty in examining the neuration of undenuded specimens.
[4]Entom. xxvi. 220.
Entom. xxvi. 220.
[5]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxii. 218.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxii. 218.
[6]'British Moths,' 31.
'British Moths,' 31.
[7]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxii. 217.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxii. 217.
[8]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxii. 216.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxii. 216.
[9]Ibid.
Ibid.
[10]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xix. 7.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xix. 7.
[11]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xix. 10.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xix. 10.
[12]Leucania aulacias, Meyr., is distinguished by having grey cilia to the hind-wings. The species was described from a single specimen taken at Dunedin and now in Mr. Fereday's collection. I have carefully examined this specimen, and find that the cilia, although considerably injured, are distinctly grey. As, however, I think it undesirable to characterize species so closely resembling each other from such meagre material, I here regard it as a synonym ofLeucania arotis.
Leucania aulacias, Meyr., is distinguished by having grey cilia to the hind-wings. The species was described from a single specimen taken at Dunedin and now in Mr. Fereday's collection. I have carefully examined this specimen, and find that the cilia, although considerably injured, are distinctly grey. As, however, I think it undesirable to characterize species so closely resembling each other from such meagre material, I here regard it as a synonym ofLeucania arotis.
[13]Report of American Department of Agriculture, 1881, p. 93.
Report of American Department of Agriculture, 1881, p. 93.
[14]Mr. Philpott informs me that the larva ofM. paracaustaclosely resembles that ofM. vitiosa.
Mr. Philpott informs me that the larva ofM. paracaustaclosely resembles that ofM. vitiosa.
[15]This species has been recently named by Mr. Meyrick, but a description of it has not yet been published.
This species has been recently named by Mr. Meyrick, but a description of it has not yet been published.
[16]The accurate ascertainment of the positions of the veins near the costa in this species is a matter of considerable difficulty owing to the extremely dense tuft of hairs there situated.
The accurate ascertainment of the positions of the veins near the costa in this species is a matter of considerable difficulty owing to the extremely dense tuft of hairs there situated.
[17]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xix. 29.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xix. 29.
[18]Newman's British Moths, 319.
Newman's British Moths, 319.
[19]Meyrick, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xix. 33.
Meyrick, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xix. 33.
[20]Meyrick, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xix. 35.
Meyrick, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xix. 35.
[21]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xix. 35.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xix. 35.
[22]Meyrick, 'Handbook of British Lepidoptera,' 159.
Meyrick, 'Handbook of British Lepidoptera,' 159.
[23]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xi. 300.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xi. 300.
[24]Ib. xix. 38.
Ib. xix. 38.
[25]Since this was written I find that Mr. Meyrick has created a new genus,Hyperaucha, for the reception of this insect. See 'Transactions of the Entomological Society of London,' 1897, 383.
Since this was written I find that Mr. Meyrick has created a new genus,Hyperaucha, for the reception of this insect. See 'Transactions of the Entomological Society of London,' 1897, 383.
[26]N. Z. 'Journal of Science,' July, 1884.
N. Z. 'Journal of Science,' July, 1884.
[27]N. Z. 'Journal of Science,' July, 1884.
N. Z. 'Journal of Science,' July, 1884.
[28]A second specimen of this variety has since occurred in the neighbourhood of Nelson.
A second specimen of this variety has since occurred in the neighbourhood of Nelson.
[29]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 60.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 60.
[30]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 60.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 60.
[31]N. Z. 'Journal of Science,' July, 1884.
N. Z. 'Journal of Science,' July, 1884.
[32]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 60.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 60.
[33]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xviii. 208.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xviii. 208.
[34]Ib. xvi. 71.
Ib. xvi. 71.
[35]Ib.
Ib.
[36]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 78.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 78.
[37]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 82.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 82.
[38]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 83.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 83.
[39]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 86.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 86.
[40]In connection with these three species ofNotoreasI should here mention that I have a number of specimens in my collection which appear to me to establish a complete transition betweenN. mechanitis,N. paradelpha, andN. perornata. From a careful study of these specimens I am led to believe that these three forms are really only varieties of one very variable species. Mr. Meyrick does not at present share this opinion, but I am disposed to think that this is chiefly due to the comparatively limited number of specimens he has had the opportunity of examining. In any case I do not regard the question of the specific or varietal values of these, or indeed of any other forms, as matters of great scientific importance, being, to a great extent, merely matters of individual opinion.
In connection with these three species ofNotoreasI should here mention that I have a number of specimens in my collection which appear to me to establish a complete transition betweenN. mechanitis,N. paradelpha, andN. perornata. From a careful study of these specimens I am led to believe that these three forms are really only varieties of one very variable species. Mr. Meyrick does not at present share this opinion, but I am disposed to think that this is chiefly due to the comparatively limited number of specimens he has had the opportunity of examining. In any case I do not regard the question of the specific or varietal values of these, or indeed of any other forms, as matters of great scientific importance, being, to a great extent, merely matters of individual opinion.
[41]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 57.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 57.
[42]Mr. Meyrick now includes these three species in the genusGonophylla. (SeeTrans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1897, 387.)
Mr. Meyrick now includes these three species in the genusGonophylla. (SeeTrans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1897, 387.)
[43]'Trans. N. Z. Inst.' xxii. 214.
'Trans. N. Z. Inst.' xxii. 214.
[44]'Catalogue of N. Z. Butterflies,' p. 21.
'Catalogue of N. Z. Butterflies,' p. 21.
[45]'Trans. N. Z. Inst.' x. 265.
'Trans. N. Z. Inst.' x. 265.
[46]'Cat. N. Z. Butterflies,' p. 22.
'Cat. N. Z. Butterflies,' p. 22.
[47]'Trans. N. Z. Institute,' x. 463.
'Trans. N. Z. Institute,' x. 463.
[48]Ibid. xviii. 205.
Ibid. xviii. 205.
[49]Since writing the above, I have been informed by Mr. Kingsley that one male specimen ofA. bolinawas taken at Wakapuaka, in 1896, and two others reported as seen at Collingwood and Nelson in March, 1897. Mr. A. P. Buller has also kindly informed me of the capture of a male specimen in perfect condition, at Ohau, Manawatu district, in March, 1898.
Since writing the above, I have been informed by Mr. Kingsley that one male specimen ofA. bolinawas taken at Wakapuaka, in 1896, and two others reported as seen at Collingwood and Nelson in March, 1897. Mr. A. P. Buller has also kindly informed me of the capture of a male specimen in perfect condition, at Ohau, Manawatu district, in March, 1898.
[50]See notes by Mr. Stainton in the Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv. pp. 225, 268.
See notes by Mr. Stainton in the Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv. pp. 225, 268.
[51]'British Butterflies and Moths,' p. 103.
'British Butterflies and Moths,' p. 103.
[52]'Entomologist,' xxii. 37.
'Entomologist,' xxii. 37.
[53]'Trans. N. Z. Inst.' xxviii. 312.
'Trans. N. Z. Inst.' xxviii. 312.
[54]'Trans. N. Z. Inst.' xv. 197.
'Trans. N. Z. Inst.' xv. 197.
[55]Ent. Mon. Mag. iv. p. 53.
Ent. Mon. Mag. iv. p. 53.
[56]'Trans. N. Z. Inst.' ix. 460; x. 252.
'Trans. N. Z. Inst.' ix. 460; x. 252.
[57]'Trans. N.Z. Inst.,' vol. x. 259.
'Trans. N.Z. Inst.,' vol. x. 259.
[58]'Catalogue of N. Z. Butterflies,' 22.
'Catalogue of N. Z. Butterflies,' 22.
[59]'Catalogue of New Zealand Butterflies,' 18, 23, Pl. II., fig. 1.
'Catalogue of New Zealand Butterflies,' 18, 23, Pl. II., fig. 1.
[60]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 550.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 550.
[61]Stainton's 'British Butterflies and Moths,' 103, Pl. II., fig. 1.
Stainton's 'British Butterflies and Moths,' 103, Pl. II., fig. 1.
[62]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 550.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 550.
[63]Stainton's 'British Butterflies and Moths,' 106.
Stainton's 'British Butterflies and Moths,' 106.
[64]Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 550.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi. 550.
[65]'Catalogue of N.Z. Butterflies,' 17, 23. Pl. IV., figs. 3, 4.
'Catalogue of N.Z. Butterflies,' 17, 23. Pl. IV., figs. 3, 4.
[66]For further details on this subject see 'The Entomologist,' xiii. 245, and xviii. 159.
For further details on this subject see 'The Entomologist,' xiii. 245, and xviii. 159.
[67]'Trans. N. Z. Inst.' x. (1877), 262.
'Trans. N. Z. Inst.' x. (1877), 262.
[68]'Entomologist,' xviii. 36.
'Entomologist,' xviii. 36.
[69]Since writing the above I understand from Mr. Baunehr that he has met with several specimens of this species in forest on the Dun Mountain, Nelson, at an elevation of about 2,000 feet.
Since writing the above I understand from Mr. Baunehr that he has met with several specimens of this species in forest on the Dun Mountain, Nelson, at an elevation of about 2,000 feet.