[C]All cars put in service during last ten years were much larger than those formerly used.
[C]All cars put in service during last ten years were much larger than those formerly used.
Opening of new trolley terminal April 30, 1916, one of the most important improvements in system since Corporation was formed in 1903. See alsoPublic Service Terminal.
Women first employed as conductors, 1918. War measure due to labor shortage.
Skip-stops instituted at request of national and state fuel administrators, April 1, 1918. Another war measure.
Port Newark route to and from Submarine Boat Corporation, first operated, Sept. 1918.
Strike of motormen and conductors for increased wages called June 6, 1918. Arbitrated by National Labor Bd. Service resumed June 8. Second strike, March 12-17, 1919.
Transfer charge in addition to 5 cent fare first authorized April 1, 1918. 7 cent fare raise effective, October 15, 1918. Reduction to 6 cents with 1 cent extra charge for transfer, April 1, 1919. 7 cent fare with 1 cent extra charge for transfer restored, May 4, 1919.
Tuberculosis, Campaign Against: State Tuberculosis Sanatorium at Glen Gardner, Hunterdon Co., provided for by act of N. J. Legislature, 1902. Building completed, 1907. Cost, $300,000. $89,500 appropriated for new buildings, 1912.
City Sanatorium for Incipient Tuberculosis, Verona, was opened Jan., 1908, in the remodelled girl's cottage of the City Home, which had been discarded for that use.
Newark Anti-Tuberculosis Assoc., 45 Clinton St., established Feb. 1, 1909. To educate public concerning prevention and treatment. Employs nurses to visit patients discharged from state home at Glen Gardner.
Tuberculosis Dept. of Essex Co. Hospital for Contagious Diseases at Soho, was opened May, 1911.
N. J. Anti-Tuberculosis League, 45 Clinton St., organized Oct. 16, 1913, to take place of former state association. A clearing house of information, publicity bureau, education, aid, etc.
Bur. of Tuberculosis, established as separate department of the Newark Bd. of Health, July, 1915, has reorganized city sanatorium, maintains additional clinics and investigates housing conditions.
Tunnels: SeeHudson and Manhattan Tubes;Vehicular Tunnel
250th Anniversary: The first settlers, led by Robert Treat, came to Newark from Connecticut, May 17, 1666. In 1916, from May 1 to Oct. 31, the city celebrated its 250th birthday with a succession of ceremonies and festivities.
Preliminary plans were laid in 1914, when the N. J. Legislature approved an act, March 9, providing for such a celebration. In accordance with this act, and by authority granted under an ordinance of the Common Council, Mayor Haussling, in the summer of the same year, appointed the Committee of One Hundred to raise money and plan, through its sub-committees, for the anniversary program.
Newark and the forthcoming celebration became subjects of national interest and importance. Thousands of people from all over the country entered competitions for the best posters and poems, symbolizing the city's history and industrial progress. The competitions resulted in the spread of information about Newark and brought recognition of the city's standing.
The most notable single feature of the anniversary was the Pageant of Newark, an historic and allegorical review of the growth of the city, presented in Weequahic Park.
There were innumerable parades, of which none was more pleasing to the spectators, or more creditable to the city, than the School Children's Parade, June 6.
Annual or recurrent events like the Music Festival and Industrial Exposition were included in the anniversary program and made particularly attractive.
230 athletes from all parts of the United States and Canadaparticipated in the athletic events held at Weequahic Park, September 8, 9 and 16, and succeeded in breaking six world records. The Ninth International Fly and Bait Casting Tournament, held in Newark, Aug. 23-26, was likewise a great success. Athletic meets of all kinds were the order of the summer months.
As was natural, Newark became the popular convention city for 1916, all manner of organizations being glad to avail themselves of the special attractions offered their members.
250th Anniversary Competitions:
1. Street & Building Decorations. Committee of 100 offered $500 for best plan submitted. Won by Jordan Green, architect, 81 Lincoln Park, Newark.
2. Poetry. Poems on Newark and its 250th Anniversary. Committee of 100 offered $250, 1st prize; $150, 2nd; $100 3rd; 10 prizes of $50 each. 1st prize, Clement Wood (Vulcan Smith, pseud.), New York City, "Smithy of God". 2nd prize, Anna Blake Mezquida (Anne Grinfill, pseud.), San Francisco, Cal., "City of Heritage". 3rd prize, Albert E. Trombly (Edmond St. Hilaire, pseud.), Philadelphia, Pa., "Newark—1916". These poems and many others have since been collected in a volume entitled, "Newark Anniversary Poems". Published, 1917. Price, $1.25.
3. Poster. Committee of 100 offered $1,000, 1st prize; $500, 2nd; $300, Special, awarded by popular vote. 1st prize won by Adolph Treidler, New York City, "Robert Treat directing the landing of settlers in Newark"; 2nd, won by Helen Dryden, of New York City; Special, won by E. A. Foringer, of Grantwood, N. J.
4. New York Times Essay on Newark History. Open to pupils in public, private and parochial schools. $10 selection of books, prize for high school winners; Tiffany silver medals, prizes for grade school winners. 1,000 prizes awarded.
5. Photography. Newark Camera Club conducted "Amateur Photographic Contest and Exhibition". Grand prize for best picture of entire exhibit, solid silver loving cup, donated by Franklin Murphy, Chairman of Committee of 100; 4 gold and 4 silver medals as first and second awards for pictures in four classes—Class A, Street Decorations and Parades; Class B, Night Illuminations; Class C, Feigenspan Colleoni Statue; Class D, Miscellaneous. Grand prize won by Edward J. Brown, member of the Club. Class A. 1st prize, Edward J. Brown; 2nd, Peter J. Schweikert; Class B, 1st prize, Edward J. Brown; 2nd,George Hahn, Jr.; Class C, 1st prize, Reuben B. Ashderian; 2nd, George Hahn, Jr.; Class D, 1st prize, Alfred R. Jayson; 2nd, Edward J. Brown.
6. Emblem. Committee of 100 offered $50, 1st prize; $30, 2nd; $20, 3rd. Open to pupils of all schools in Newark.
7. City Flag. Committee of 100 offered $100 prize. Open to any resident of N. J.
250th Anniversary Industrial Exposition: SeeExhibitions
250th Anniversary Music Festival: SeeMusic Festival, 1916
250th Anniversary Notable Parades: Opening day, May 1, 1916, at 10 a. m. Local National Guard, Boy Scouts and other organizations, with Gen. Edwin C. Hine, commanding.
Founder's Day, May 17, 1916, at 2 p. m. N. J. National Guard, civic organizations and fraternal bodies.
School Children's, June 6, 1916, at 2 p. m. 11,000 public and 4,000 parochial school children. Time, 3½ hours. Included 22 historical and symbolic floats, 23 bands, 12 fife and drum corps.
250th Anniversary Pageant: Pageant of Newark by Thomas Wood Stevens.
4,000 performers.
Given May 30, 31, June 1, 2, 1916, at 8 p. m., in Weequahic Park. Seating accommodations for 40,000, including 20,000 free seats. Attended by the greatest crowds ever handled by police department.
Prologue showed the passing of the explorers Cabot, Verrazano, Hudson, and the Peace Legend of the original Indians of N. J.
1st to 3rd Movements showed landing of Robert Treat, purchase of land, land riots of 1746, revolutionary times, Marquis de Lafayette's visit, first signs of industrial growth, and Lincoln's visit.
4th Movement was symbolic of the forces which have shaped the life of the city.
Music composed for this occasion by Henry C. Hadley.
250th Anniversary School Work Exhibit: SeeExhibitions
Ungraded Schools: SeeDelinquent Children
Vacant Lot Cultivation:
1918. 18,000 backyard gardens, 20' × 25', also cultivated, with total value of crop, $180,000. 23 school garden plots planted and cared for by pupils in manual training, physical culture and science classes. This work is carried on by the Vacant Lot Assoc.
Vailsburg: Annexed, Jan. 1, 1905. Area thus added, 885.1 acres or 1.383 sq. miles.
Vehicular Tunnel: Act giving power to the N. J. Inter-State Bridge and Tunnel Commission, acting jointly with the N. Y. Commission, for construction and operation of a tunnel for vehicular traffic under the Hudson River, from New York to Jersey City, passed by both N. Y. and N. J. Legislatures, 1919.
By this means traffic congestion will be relieved, difficulties of fog and ice overcome to a great extent, freight handled more cheaply and mails expedited. Interstate freight traffic will no longer be entirely dependent on ferry and barge service, as was the case during the harbor strike in the winter of 1918.
Gen. Goethals, builder of the Panama Canal, has estimated that a tunnel wide enough to allow 3 trucks to travel side by side and providing for a foot path will cost $12,000,000. Maintenance will amount to about $125,000 annually. About 2 years will be required for construction.
As U. S. Congress has voted against federal aid, the expense will be met jointly by New York and New Jersey.
Venereal Diseases, Bureau of—Board of Health: Established July, 1918. Clinics already in operation were developed, attendants and nurses appointed.
Vocational Schools: SeeBoys' Vocational School;Girls' Vocational School;Technical School.
Wages: Comparison as illustrated by 7 important trades. These figures for Newark drawn from U. S. Bur. of Labor Statistics:
War, The—Military Organizations: Local enlistments are estimated:
Army, 9,000; Navy, 4,000; Marines, 250.
9,591 Newark men, 21-31 years of age, were called for service between April, 1917, and Sept., 1918, under first draft.
59,937 Newark men, 18-45 years of age, were registered for second draft, Sept. 12, 1918.
War, The—Relief Organizations: The following organizations, and many others, did war work of all kinds.
American Red Cross.Y. M. C. A.Y. W. C. A.Knights of Columbus.Jewish Welfare Board.Salvation Army.War Camp Community Service.U. S. Food Administration.U. S. Fuel Administration.National League for Women's Service.Red Cross Motor Corps.National Service Motor Corps.Woman's Motor Corps of America.Catholic Women's Committee.Contemporary Civics Committee.Woman's Volunteer Service League (colored).Junior Red Cross.Girl's Patriotic League.
War, The—Financial Support: Every Newark drive for war work funds and liberty loans was over-subscribed:
War, The—Industrial Aspect: It is impossible to get figures covering Newark alone. There were 4 munition plants, 3 plants making uniforms, 10 making chemicals, 3 making military airplanes and one making ships. Some indication of the extent of the activity induced by the war is indicated by the number of applications received by federal—state—municipalemployment bureau. In 1917, there were 47,022, in 1918 there were 94,830, an increase of over 101%. The following table for N. J. is included to show the great part taken by the state in war industries.
Over 50% of all the military explosives produced in the U. S. were made in N. J.
War, The—Public School Activities: Over a million dollars' worth of liberty bonds were sold, and over a quarter of a million dollars' worth of thrift stamps.
Nearly $100,000 were contributed to the various auxiliary causes, such as Surgical dressings, Armenian and Syrian relief. Y. M. C. A. and War Camp Community Service.
There were 35 Junior Red Cross organizations in schools; over twenty thousand articles were made for the Red Cross by domestic art classes; 3,000 cards of cotton wound; and 5,000 button holes made.
3,500 pupils enrolled in the Home Garden division of the Junior Industrial Army.
2,300 home gardens and 21 school gardens were cultivated.
Many thousand magazines were collected in the schools and20,000 text books not needed in the schools, were given to the soldiers through the Public Library.
71 pupils and 26 teachers enlisted in the army and navy or other branches of war service.
War, The—Library Service: From Sept. 1, 1917 to July 30, 1919, 41,575 books and 201,842 magazines were collected by the Public Library, for the army and navy. Of these 40,705 books and 42,175 magazines were sent in over one hundred shipments, to 36 different camps, hospitals and other military posts in N. J. For example, 6,106 books went to Camp Merritt; 1,560 to A. L. A. Dispatch Office at Hoboken for Transport Service; 842 to Port Newark; 9,597 to Camp Dix, and over 1,500 each to Cape May Naval Training Station, Fort Hancock, Camp Morgan and Camp Vail. The proceeds of the sale of magazines, etc., not wanted by soldiers, were used for purchasing technical books and magazine subscriptions for military hospitals.
The three "book drives" were in Sept., 1917; May, 1918, and May, 1919.
War, The—Notable Parades: Universal Service Registration Day, June 5, 1917. To mark enrollment of the first draft army, 7,000 school children marched in the morning, 8,000 men, representing military, fraternal and civic organizations, in the afternoon.
Soldier's Day, April 27, 1918. 312th Regiment of Infantry of the National Army from Camp Dix entertained by the city. Escorted by thousands of civilians in line from Lincoln Park to First Regiment Armory. 16,000 in parade, 300,000 spectators. Greatest demonstration of the kind in Newark's history.
Italy Day, May 24, 1918. 8,000 Italian citizens in parade, expressed their allegiance to the U. S. Many Red Cross workers and 400 children from McKinley School in line.
War Savings Stamps, June 15, 1918. 7,500 school children and Red Cross divisions of commercial and industrial concerns, followed by 106 of the famous French Chasseurs d'Alpines, called Blue Devils, then on a visit to the U. S.
113th Infantry of the 29th, or Blue and Gray Division, welcomed home May 20, 1919. The 113th left Newark Sept. 4, 1917, as the First Infantry, National Guard of New Jersey. Their parade was the first to celebrate the return of Newark men from France. A public holiday was proclaimed by Mayor Gillen. Other home-comingparades followed with the 312th Infantry, of the 78th, or Lightning Division, in the line of march, Memorial Day, 1919.
War, The: See alsoCoal Shortage;Industry;Shipbuilding;Wages
Water Supply: Since 1892, drawn from headwaters of Pequannock River in northern N. J., 26 miles from city. From time to time city has purchased large tracts of land around this watershed to protect it. Total acreage, 25,000; valuation, $20,000,000; 9 reservoirs; average daily water supply available, 50,000,000 gallons. Average daily consumption, 47,341,000 gallons.
For many years there has been agitation for new source of supply, as population and industries increase. In 1918, permission was granted by the Capital Issues Committee of the Federal Reserve Board to proceed with the development of the Wanaque watershed on condition that no construction work be undertaken during the war. Supply from the Wanaque watershed would be 50,000,000 gallons, equal capacity to Pequannock. Cost estimated at $9,047,250.
Whooping Cough: An ordinance passed Sept. 15, 1915, requires children under 10 years of age with whooping cough to wear in the street or any other public place, a yellow band around the arm, marked "Newark Health Department, Whooping Cough". This is a measure to prevent the spread of disease.
Woman Suffrage: In view of the recent adoption of the Susan B. Anthony amendment by U. S. Congress, a review of the suffrage movement in N. J. from earliest times to the present, may be of sufficient interest to warrant the disregard of limiting dates.
N. J. had woman suffrage up to 1807.
[D]This resolution through error was not advertised in time, so that a Resolution had to be introduced in the Legislature of 1914.
[D]This resolution through error was not advertised in time, so that a Resolution had to be introduced in the Legislature of 1914.
Young Men's Christian Association: Since 1904 the Y. M. C. A. of this city has added two stories over its gymnasium building, increasing its capacity of living rooms for young men to 125.
It has purchased four lots on Warren St., comprising a plot 80 × 100 ft., which is to be the site for the annex building to be erected within the next 5 years.
In the Educational Dept. there have been organized and conducted the accountancy school, automobile schools, classes in electricity, salesmanship, modern production methods, personal efficiency and memory training.
A most important advance was made when the City-Wide Community Work was organized in 1914. There are now 3 districts being operated. Eventually the city and suburbs are to be organized with 7 distinct districts, each with a competent secretary doing work for the whole community.
Young Women's Christian Association: New administration and recreation building, 53 Washington St., opened Sept. 2, and dedicated Nov. 3, 1913. $300,000 for its erection raised in 14 days by a "whirlwind campaign" for popular subscriptions. Has gymnasium, assembly hall, cafeteria, roof garden, swimming pool, classrooms, and offices.
Association residence, or boarding home, 304 Broad St., opened March, 1917.
INDEX
All-Year School4Almshouse4Alternating Plan4Apartment Houses4Athletic Association, Public School4Athletic Field, Public School4Automobiles4Band Concerts4Bank Buildings5Baths, Public5Birth Rate5Blind, Work for5Boy's Vocational School6Buildings 6Carteret Book Club7Catholic Children's Aid Association of N. J.7Charities8Charter, City8Child Hygiene Division, Board of Health9Christmas Trees, Municipal9Churches9City Home9City Plan Commission9Civil Service Reform10Coal Shortage10College of Technology10Comfort Stations10Commission Government10Contemporary, The11Co-operative School11Course of Study11Crippled Children, School for11Deaf, Public School Classes for12Death Rate12Delinquent Children12Dental Clinic Association13Detention, House of13Education Board13Employment Bureau, Municipal13Exhibitions13Feebleminded, Public School Classes for15Fire Department, 190615Flag, City15Food and Drug Division—Board of Health16Gary Schools16German Language16Girls' Vocational School16Gymnasium, Public School16Health16High Schools16Housing16Indeterminate Sentence17Industrial Expositions17Industrial Schools17Industry17Infantile Paralysis18Influenza18Institute of Arts and Sciences18Italian Language19Jitneys19Junior College19Junior High Schools19Junior Museum Club19Juvenile Court19Juvenile Delinquency19Lectures, Public19Library, Public20Lincoln Highway22Little Mother's League22Lunches, Public School22Medical History, Museum of22Medical Inspection23Medical Library Association23Memorial Tablets23Memorial Trees23Mental Hygiene, Bureau of—Board of Health23Mexican Border Uprising23Milk Supply23Monuments23Moving Pictures23Municipal Christmas Trees24Municipal Employment Bureau24Municipal Exhibition24Museum Association24Music Festivals24Naturalization25Newark Day25Newspapers and Journals25Normal School, N. J. State26Open Air Classes26Pageant26Parades26Parental School, Essex Co.26Parental School, Newark26Parks, City26Parks, Essex County27Parkways27Parochial Schools27Passaic Valley Trunk Sewer27Paving28Physical Training28Playgrounds28Playgrounds, City28Police Department29Poor and Alms Department and Almshouse Survey29Population29Port Newark29Postal Service30Prices, Food30Prison Reform30Probation System32Public Baths32Public Comfort Station32Public Lectures32Public Schools32Public Service Corporation of N. J.32Public Service Terminal32Reformatory for Women, N. J. State32"Safety First" and the Schools32School Houses as Social Centers33School Names Changed33School Savings Banks34School Survey35Schools, Parochial35Schools, Public35Shade Tree Commission35Shipbuilding36Ship Yard Workers, Evening Classes for36Smoke Abatement Department36Social Service Survey36Statues and Monuments37Street Names Changed38Street Paving39Summer High Schools40Surveys40Tablets, Memorial40Technical School42Telephones40Trade, Board of40Transportation43Trees, Memorial43Trolleys44Tuberculosis, Campaign Against44Tunnels45250th Anniversary45250th Anniversary Competitions46250th Anniversary Industrial Exposition47250th Anniversary Music Festival47250th Anniversary Notable Parades47250th Anniversary Pageant47250th Anniversary School Work Exhibit47Ungraded Schools47Vacant Lot Cultivation48Vailsburg48Vehicular Tunnel48Venereal Diseases, Bureau of—Board of Health48Vocational Schools48Wages49War, The—Military Organizations49War, The—Relief Organizations50War, The—Financial Support50War, The—Industrial Aspect50War, The—Public School Activities51War, The—Library Service52War, The—Notable Parades52War, The53Water Supply53Whooping Cough53Woman Suffrage53Young Men's Christian Association54Young Women's Christian Association54