Zapus princeps cinereusHall
Zapus princeps cinereusHall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 37:7, April 10, 1931.
Type.—Female, adult, skin and skull; No. 45422, Mus. Vert. Zool.; Pine Canyon, 6600 feet altitude, Raft River Mountains, 17 mi. northwest Kelton, Boxelder County, Utah; obtained on July 14, 1930, by Annie M. Alexander; original No. 689.Range.—Raft River Mt’s in northwestern Utah and in isolated mountains in southern Idaho. Seefig. 46. Zonal range: Transition and Canadian.Description.—Size, medium; back with broad mid-dorsal band, varying from pale brown mixed with Pinkish-Buff to dark brown mixed with Warm-Buff or Ochraceous-Buff; sides varying from near Pinkish-Buff to near Ochraceous-Buff; ventral surface white to base of hairs, not suffused with other color; tail bicolored, pale brown above and white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, edged with white or yellowish-white; upper teeth divergent anteriorly; auditory bullae small; skull relatively long; zygomata relatively weak and not widely bowed; nasals wide posteriorly; pterygoid fossae relatively narrow.Comparisons.—FromZapus princeps nevadensis,Z. p. cinereusdiffers as follows: Size averaging smaller; entire coloration lighter; zygomata not so widely bowed; incisive foramina not so wide posteriorly; auditory bullae smaller; nasals wider posteriorly; pterygoid fossae narrower.FromZapus princeps idahoensis,Z. p. cinereuscan be distinguished by: generally paler color; smaller auditory bullae; broader interorbital region; anteriorly diverging tooth-rows; narrower pterygoid fossae.For comparison withZapus princeps utahensissee account of that subspecies.
Type.—Female, adult, skin and skull; No. 45422, Mus. Vert. Zool.; Pine Canyon, 6600 feet altitude, Raft River Mountains, 17 mi. northwest Kelton, Boxelder County, Utah; obtained on July 14, 1930, by Annie M. Alexander; original No. 689.
Range.—Raft River Mt’s in northwestern Utah and in isolated mountains in southern Idaho. Seefig. 46. Zonal range: Transition and Canadian.
Description.—Size, medium; back with broad mid-dorsal band, varying from pale brown mixed with Pinkish-Buff to dark brown mixed with Warm-Buff or Ochraceous-Buff; sides varying from near Pinkish-Buff to near Ochraceous-Buff; ventral surface white to base of hairs, not suffused with other color; tail bicolored, pale brown above and white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, edged with white or yellowish-white; upper teeth divergent anteriorly; auditory bullae small; skull relatively long; zygomata relatively weak and not widely bowed; nasals wide posteriorly; pterygoid fossae relatively narrow.
Comparisons.—FromZapus princeps nevadensis,Z. p. cinereusdiffers as follows: Size averaging smaller; entire coloration lighter; zygomata not so widely bowed; incisive foramina not so wide posteriorly; auditory bullae smaller; nasals wider posteriorly; pterygoid fossae narrower.
FromZapus princeps idahoensis,Z. p. cinereuscan be distinguished by: generally paler color; smaller auditory bullae; broader interorbital region; anteriorly diverging tooth-rows; narrower pterygoid fossae.
For comparison withZapus princeps utahensissee account of that subspecies.
Remarks.—Davis (1939:343) writes that “sincecinereuswas described from nine specimens, only two of which are near adult, one cannot place much value on the coloration ascribed to it by Hall (1931:7).” I examined the type series and found, as did Davis (loc. cit.), that the type is much lighter and grayer than is a near adult paratype, which was obtained the same day; however, I do not concur with Davis (loc. cit.) that specimens from Mt. Harrison, 10 mi. S Albion, Idaho, which are darker and much more ochraceousthan the paratype, necessarily are more nearly typically colored. These individuals, judged by cranial characters, are more nearly typical ofcinereusbut show intergradation withZ. p. idahoensisin their darker and more ochraceous pelage.
Durrant (1952:387) found that the gray color ofZ. p. cinereuswas not diagnostic in separatingZ. p. cinereusfromZ. p. utahensis, because gray animals are also found inZ. p. utahensis. Specimens from Camp Tendoy, Pocatello, Idaho, are intermediate in color and in cranial characters as betweenZ. p. idahoensisandZ. p. cinereus, but here are referred toZ. p. cinereus. Whitlow and Hall (1933:268) compared these individuals with specimens ofZ. p. princepsandZ. p. cinereus, finding them intermediate but in the aggregate of several differential characters better referred to the latter.
Specimens examined.—Total, 35, distributed as follows:Idaho:Bannock County: Camp Tendoy, Pocatello, 2 (MVZ).Cassia County: Mt. Harrison, 10 mi. S Albion, 16 (MVZ).Utah:Boxelder Co.:south fork of George Creek, 5 mi. SE Yost, Raft River Mts., 6700 ft., 1 (UU);George Creek, 7 mi. SE Yost, Raft River Mts., 6500 ft., 6 (UU);Pine Canyon, 6600 ft., 17 mi. NW Kelton, Raft River Mts., 8 (MVZ); Pine Creek, 3 mi. N Rosette, Raft River Mts., 6100 ft., 2 (UU).Marginal records.—Idaho: Camp Tendoy, Pocatello. Utah: Pine Creek, 3 mi. N Rosette, Raft River Mts., 6100 ft. Idaho: Mt. Harrison, 10 mi. S Albion.
Specimens examined.—Total, 35, distributed as follows:
Idaho:Bannock County: Camp Tendoy, Pocatello, 2 (MVZ).Cassia County: Mt. Harrison, 10 mi. S Albion, 16 (MVZ).
Utah:Boxelder Co.:south fork of George Creek, 5 mi. SE Yost, Raft River Mts., 6700 ft., 1 (UU);George Creek, 7 mi. SE Yost, Raft River Mts., 6500 ft., 6 (UU);Pine Canyon, 6600 ft., 17 mi. NW Kelton, Raft River Mts., 8 (MVZ); Pine Creek, 3 mi. N Rosette, Raft River Mts., 6100 ft., 2 (UU).
Marginal records.—Idaho: Camp Tendoy, Pocatello. Utah: Pine Creek, 3 mi. N Rosette, Raft River Mts., 6100 ft. Idaho: Mt. Harrison, 10 mi. S Albion.
Zapus princeps curtatusHall
Zapus princeps curtatusHall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 37:7, April 10, 1931.
Zapus princeps oregonus, Taylor, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 7:281, June 24, 1911.
Type.—Female, adult, skin and skull, No. 7991, Mus. Vert. Zool.; head of Big Creek, 8000 feet altitude, Pine Forest Mountains, Humboldt County, Nevada; obtained on June 30, 1909, by Walter P. Taylor and C. H. Richardson, original No. 777 of W. P. T.Range.—Pine Forest Mt’s, Humboldt County, Nevada. Seefig. 46. Zonal range: Transition and Canadian.Description.—Size medium; back pale near Light Ochraceous-Buff with admixture of black hair forming dark dorsal band; sides lighter than back; lateral line faintly indicated; ventral surface white; tail bicolored, grayish-white to yellowish-white below and pale brown above; ears dark, edged with yellowish-white; feet grayish-white above; palatal bridge short; tooth-rows almost parallel; mastoid region of skull relatively narrow; incisive foramina wide posteriorly; narrow across zygomata; nasals relatively narrow posteriorly.Comparisons.—For comparison withZapus princeps oregonussee account of that subspecies.
Type.—Female, adult, skin and skull, No. 7991, Mus. Vert. Zool.; head of Big Creek, 8000 feet altitude, Pine Forest Mountains, Humboldt County, Nevada; obtained on June 30, 1909, by Walter P. Taylor and C. H. Richardson, original No. 777 of W. P. T.
Range.—Pine Forest Mt’s, Humboldt County, Nevada. Seefig. 46. Zonal range: Transition and Canadian.
Description.—Size medium; back pale near Light Ochraceous-Buff with admixture of black hair forming dark dorsal band; sides lighter than back; lateral line faintly indicated; ventral surface white; tail bicolored, grayish-white to yellowish-white below and pale brown above; ears dark, edged with yellowish-white; feet grayish-white above; palatal bridge short; tooth-rows almost parallel; mastoid region of skull relatively narrow; incisive foramina wide posteriorly; narrow across zygomata; nasals relatively narrow posteriorly.
Comparisons.—For comparison withZapus princeps oregonussee account of that subspecies.
Remarks.—This jumping mouse, which was described from the Pine Forest Mountains, closely resemblesZapus princeps oregonusbut differs in lighter color, slightly smaller body, less divergenttooth-rows, shorter palate, and narrower skull across the mastoid region.
The Pine Forest Mountains are isolated from neighboring boreal regions by a belt of the Upper Sonoran Life-zone, which is inhospitable toZapus; therefore, intergrades betweenZ. p. oregonusandZ. p. curtatusare not known and probably do not exist. Nevertheless,Z. p. curtatusshows close affinity withZ. p. oregonus, as indicated by Taylor (1911:281), and I agree with Hall (1931:7) that the relationships ofZ. p. curtatusare best expressed by arranging it as a subspecies ofZapus princeps.
Specimens examined.—Total, 18, all from Nevada, distributed as follows:Humboldt County: Pine Forest Mts.; Alder Creek, 6000 ft., 2 (MVZ); head of Big Creek, 8000 ft., 14 (MVZ);Leonard Creek, 6500 ft., 2 (MVZ); Meadow, 1 (MVZ).Marginal records.—Nevada: Pine Forest Mts., Alder Creek; Meadow.
Specimens examined.—Total, 18, all from Nevada, distributed as follows:Humboldt County: Pine Forest Mts.; Alder Creek, 6000 ft., 2 (MVZ); head of Big Creek, 8000 ft., 14 (MVZ);Leonard Creek, 6500 ft., 2 (MVZ); Meadow, 1 (MVZ).
Marginal records.—Nevada: Pine Forest Mts., Alder Creek; Meadow.
Zapus princeps idahoensisDavis
Zapus princeps idahoensisDavis, Jour. Mamm., 15:221, August 10, 1931.
Jaculus hudsonius, Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., 6:61, April, 1874 (part—the part in Carbon County, Wyoming).
Zapus hudsonius, Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 5:72-73, July 30, 1891.
Zapus princeps princeps, Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:22-23, August 8, 1899 (part).
Type.—Male, adult, skin and skull; No. 54845, Mus. Vert. Zool.; 5 mi. E Warm Lake, 7000 ft., Valley County, Idaho; obtained on July 9, 1932, by Robert T. Orr; original No. 660.Range.—From Banff, Alberta, southward through extreme southwestern Alberta and extreme southwestern British Columbia, most of the panhandle of Idaho, Kamiak Butte in eastern Washington, western Montana, and western Wyoming (Green, Wind River and Absoroka ranges of the Rocky Mt’s). Seefig. 46.Description.—Size, medium; back from near Clay Color to near Warm Buff, usually overlaid with black hairs forming broad dorsal band; sides lighter than back; lateral line indistinct or wanting; belly pure white, occasionally faintly tinged with Ochraceous-Buff; tail indistinctly bicolored, tan to grayish-white below and pale brown above; hind feet grayish-white above; ears dark, edged with white or yellowish-white; postpalatal notch anterior to posterior border of last molars; proximal part of inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary relatively narrow and usually without enlarged median projection; auditory bullae well inflated; incisive foramina relatively narrow.Comparisons.—FromZapus princeps kootenayensis,Z. p. idahoensisdiffers as follows: Size averaging larger; upper parts with greater suffusion of ochraceous, not grayish or dusty; skull larger; incisive foramina longer and relatively wider; zygomatic breadth averaging greater; nasals broader at tips; auditory bullae more inflated.FromZapus princeps oregonus,Z. p. idahoensisdiffers in: Size averaging smaller; upper parts generally more suffused with black hairs, on the average more yellowish with less ochraceous; skull smaller; incisive foramina narrower[402](breadth less, instead of more, than 52 per cent of length); palatal bridge shorter; zygomatic arch shorter; pterygoid fossae narrower.FromZapus princeps utahensis,Z. p. idahoensiscan be distinguished by: Size less; color slightly darker; skull averaging smaller in zygomatic breadth, least interorbital constriction, and occipitonasal length; palate narrower; upper tooth-rows nearly parallel as opposed to diverging anteriorly.FromZapus princeps minor,Z. p. idahoensisdiffers in: Size larger; color of underparts less ochraceous; lateral line indistinct or wanting; skull averaging larger in all measurements taken except that the two subspecies are approximately same in least interorbital constriction, length of zygomatic arch, and distance from anterior face of incisors to postpalatal notch; nasals, in profile, straight instead of with proximal third depressed; postpalatal notch anterior to posterior face of last molar, instead of even with, or usually posterior to, same.FromZapus princeps saltator,Z. p. idahoensisdiffers as follows: Size averaging slightly larger; color darker, being less ochraceous and more yellow dorsally and laterally; auditory bullae more inflated; zygomatic arches less bowed laterally; incisive foramina narrower.For comparison withZapus princeps princepsandZapus princeps cinereussee accounts of those subspecies.
Type.—Male, adult, skin and skull; No. 54845, Mus. Vert. Zool.; 5 mi. E Warm Lake, 7000 ft., Valley County, Idaho; obtained on July 9, 1932, by Robert T. Orr; original No. 660.
Range.—From Banff, Alberta, southward through extreme southwestern Alberta and extreme southwestern British Columbia, most of the panhandle of Idaho, Kamiak Butte in eastern Washington, western Montana, and western Wyoming (Green, Wind River and Absoroka ranges of the Rocky Mt’s). Seefig. 46.
Description.—Size, medium; back from near Clay Color to near Warm Buff, usually overlaid with black hairs forming broad dorsal band; sides lighter than back; lateral line indistinct or wanting; belly pure white, occasionally faintly tinged with Ochraceous-Buff; tail indistinctly bicolored, tan to grayish-white below and pale brown above; hind feet grayish-white above; ears dark, edged with white or yellowish-white; postpalatal notch anterior to posterior border of last molars; proximal part of inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary relatively narrow and usually without enlarged median projection; auditory bullae well inflated; incisive foramina relatively narrow.
Comparisons.—FromZapus princeps kootenayensis,Z. p. idahoensisdiffers as follows: Size averaging larger; upper parts with greater suffusion of ochraceous, not grayish or dusty; skull larger; incisive foramina longer and relatively wider; zygomatic breadth averaging greater; nasals broader at tips; auditory bullae more inflated.
FromZapus princeps oregonus,Z. p. idahoensisdiffers in: Size averaging smaller; upper parts generally more suffused with black hairs, on the average more yellowish with less ochraceous; skull smaller; incisive foramina narrower[402](breadth less, instead of more, than 52 per cent of length); palatal bridge shorter; zygomatic arch shorter; pterygoid fossae narrower.
FromZapus princeps utahensis,Z. p. idahoensiscan be distinguished by: Size less; color slightly darker; skull averaging smaller in zygomatic breadth, least interorbital constriction, and occipitonasal length; palate narrower; upper tooth-rows nearly parallel as opposed to diverging anteriorly.
FromZapus princeps minor,Z. p. idahoensisdiffers in: Size larger; color of underparts less ochraceous; lateral line indistinct or wanting; skull averaging larger in all measurements taken except that the two subspecies are approximately same in least interorbital constriction, length of zygomatic arch, and distance from anterior face of incisors to postpalatal notch; nasals, in profile, straight instead of with proximal third depressed; postpalatal notch anterior to posterior face of last molar, instead of even with, or usually posterior to, same.
FromZapus princeps saltator,Z. p. idahoensisdiffers as follows: Size averaging slightly larger; color darker, being less ochraceous and more yellow dorsally and laterally; auditory bullae more inflated; zygomatic arches less bowed laterally; incisive foramina narrower.
For comparison withZapus princeps princepsandZapus princeps cinereussee accounts of those subspecies.
Remarks.—Intergradation occurs at almost all of the places where the range ofZ. p. idahoensisis known to touch that of any other geographic race. Nevertheless, each of the populations studied has characters which make this subspecies recognizable as a taxonomic unit, although its characters are not yet stabilized even in the central part of its range.
Among named subspecies ofZapus princeps,Zapus p. idahoensismost closely resemblesZapus princeps kootenayensis, its nearest geographic neighbor to the north. Three specimens from 2 mi. NE Weippe, 3000 ft., Idaho, are best referred toZ. p. idahoensisbut show relationship toZ. p. kootenayensisin size and shape of the tympanic bullae. The relationship of individuals from Idaho, here referred toZ. p. idahoensis, from Glidden Lakes, Enaville, Cascade Creek, and 13 mi. E and 5 mi. N Coeur d’Alene, is discussed in the account ofZ. p. kootenayensis. British Columbian specimens from Newgate and Crows Nest Pass, 4450 ft., as well as Albertan specimens from Crows Nest Pass and various places in Waterton Lake Park, resembleZ. p. kootenayensisin color but cranially are more nearly likeZ. p. idahoensis.
Intergradation withZapus princeps oregonuswas noted by Davis (1939:340) in a specimen from Cedar Mountain in Idaho. I have not seen this individual which he referred toZ. p. idahoensisbut have seen a specimen from the N Fork of Potlatch River (15 mi. SE Cedar Mt.), which, in color, closely resemblesZ. p. oregonusbut cranially (shape of incisive foramina, size, and inflation of auditory bullae) is more nearly likeZ. p. idahoensisto which it is referred.Davis (loc. cit.) indicates that specimens from summit of Smith Mt., from 1 mi. N Bear Creek R. S., from1/2mi. E Black Lake, and from 3 mi. W Payette Lake, Idaho, are in an area of intergradation betweenZ. p. oregonusandZ. p. idahoensis, but he referred them toZ. p. idahoensison the basis of cranial characters and length of hind foot. Seven specimens from Alturas Lake, 7000 ft., Idaho, were likewise so allocated by Davis (loc. cit.). I concur with him and in addition refer the following intermediate individuals from Idaho toZ. p. idahoensis: New Meadow, 1; Warren, 1; Perkins Lake, 7000 ft., Sawtooth Nat’l Forest, 1; Prairie Creek, 12 mi. W Ketchum, 2400 ft., 3. All are more nearly likeZ. p. oregonusin color but cranially they show more resemblance toZ. p. idahoensis.
In the eastern part of the range ofZ. p. idahoensis, intergradation occurs withZapus princeps minor, as at 15 mi. S Heath, N Fork Flat Willow Creek, Big Snowy Mt’s, Montana. Specimens from there have the lateral line enlarged and the maximum seen in this species of Ochraceous color ventrally. The pterygoid fossae are large and the bullae are reduced as inZ. p. minor, but in the sum total of the characters the mice more closely resembleZ. p. idahoensis. At Lewistown, 7 mi. NE Judith Mt’s, Lime Kiln Gulch, Montana, the animals are colored as areZ. p. minorbut cranially are likeZ. p. idahoensisto which they are referred. Specimens from the Highwood Mt’s, Montana, also are intergrades; they have a relatively distinct lateral line as inZ. p. minorbut show no ventral suffusion of Ochraceous; they have large bullae, nasals that are straight in lateral profile and other cranial characters ofZ. p. idahoensisto which they are here referred.
A single specimen from Kamiak Butte, Whitman County, Washington, has been referred toZ. p. idahoensisby Dalquest (1948:373). I have not seen this individual, but, on geographic grounds, it is likely to be of this subspecies.
Specimens examined.—Total, 342, distributed as follows:Alberta: Boom Creek, 5600 ft., 27 mi. W Banff, 2 (NMC);Banff, Cascade Basin, 2 (NMC);Bryant Creek, Banff Park, 1 (NMC);Spray River, 7 mi. Cabin, Banff Park, 3 (NMC); Crows Nest Pass, 2 (NMC); Waterton Lakes Park, 16 (NMC);Linnets Pond, Waterton Lakes Park, 4 (NMC);Bertha Creek, Waterton Lakes Park, 8 (NMC).British Columbia: Vermilion Crossing, Kootenay, 1 (ROM); Paradise Mine, 3 (PM); Crows Nest Pass, 4450 ft., 3 (NMC); Newgate, 10 (NMC).Idaho:Adam Co.:1/2mi. E Black Lake, 6800 ft., 8;summit of Smith Mtn., 7500 ft., 9 (3 MVZ); 1 mi. N Bear Creek R. S., SW Slope Smith Mtn., 5400 ft., 13; New Meadows, 1 (USBS);3 mi. W Payette, 5400 ft., 4 (MVZ).Blaine County:Perkins Lake, 7000 ft., Sawtooth Nat’l Forest, 1;Alturas Lake, 7000 ft., 3 (MVZ); Prairie Creek, 12 mi. NW Ketchum, 2400 ft., 3.Clearwater County: 2 mi. NE Weippe, 3000 ft., 3 (MVZ).Custer County: Loon Creek R. S., 6000 ft., Challis Nat’l Forest, 2;Head Pahsimeroi River, 2 (MVZ);[404]Mill Creek, 14 mi. WSW Challis, 8370 ft., 1 (MVZ).Fremont County: 7 mi. W West Yellowstone, 7000 ft., 3;17 mi. E and 4 mi. N of Ashton, 6275 ft., 9 (MVZ).Idaho Co.: Packers Meadow, near state line, South Lobo Hot Springs, 5150 ft., 7 (USBS);Warren, 1 (USBS).Kootenai Co.: 13 mi. E and 5 mi. N Coeur d’Alene, 5;Cascade Creek, 36 mi. E Coeur d’Alene, Coeur d’Alene Nat’l Forest, 1 (USBS).Latah Co.: N Fork Potlatch River, 1 (USBS).Lemhi County: Salmon River Mts., 3 (USBS).Shoshone Co.: Enaville 1 (USBS);Glidden Lakes, 5700 ft., 4 (MVZ).Valley County: 5 mi. E Warm Lake, 7000 ft., 6 (MVZ);5 mi. W Cape Horn, 7000 ft., Sawtooth Range, 1 (MVZ).Montana:Beaverhead County: Birch Creek, 18 mi. NE Dillon, 7100 ft., 14 (MVZ).Carbon Co.:Pryor Mts., 1 (USBS); 2 mi. E Shriver, 6500 ft., 6 (MVZ).Cascade Co.: Neihart, 1 (USBS).Chouteau Co.:Upper Muddy, 1 (USBS); Highwood Mts., 2 (USBS).Fergus Co.: Lime Kiln Gulch, 7 mi. NE Judith Mts., 3 (USBS); 15 mi. S Heath, N Fork Flat Willow Creek, 8 (USBS);10 mi. W Tyler, N Fork Flat Willow Creek, 1 (USBS);Crystal Lake, 6000 ft., Big Snowy Mts., 3 (UM).Flathead Co.: Waterton Lake, 1 (USBS);Crosley Lake, Glacier Nat’l Park, 1 (USBS); Paola, 1 (USBS);Summit, 2 (USBS);1 mi. W and 2 mi. S Summit, 5000 ft., 12.Gallatin Co.: 4 mi S Logan, Camas Creek, Big Belt Mts., 5 (USBS); Gallatin Gateway, 5 (SDM); west fork West Gallatin River, 6500 ft., 6 (USBS).Glacier Co.: Babb, 1 (LMH);21/2mi. W and 11/2mi. S Babb, 4700 ft., 1;Many Glaciers, 4900 ft., Glacier Nat’l Park, 5 (MVZ);6 mi. S St. Marys, 6500 ft., 1;St. Marys Lake, 7 (USBS);McDermit Lake, 1 (USBS); Blackfoot Agency, 1 (USBS).Golden Valley County:Swimming Woman Canyon,3/4mi. S Fergus County line, Big Snowy Mts., 4 (UM).Judith Basin Co.:Little Belt Mts., Dry Wolf Creek, 20 mi. SW Stanford, 4 (USBS); 13 mi. W Buffalo, 1 (USBS).Madison Co.: 12 mi. SW Alder, Hinch Creek, Ruby Mts., 2 (USBS).Meagher Co.:16 mi. N White Sulphur Springs, Little Belt Mts., 7 (USBS).Park County:West Boulder Creek, 18 mi. SE Livingston, 1 (USBS); Emigrant Gulch, 3 mi. SE Chico, 6500 ft., 4 (USBS); 2 mi. NE Cooke, 8000 ft., 22 (MVZ).Ravalli County: 3 mi. SW Florence, 3700 ft., 1; 6 mi. E Hamilton, 3700 ft., 1.Sanders Co.: Prospect Creek, near Thompson, 1 (USBS).Sweet Grass Co.:near head of Big Timber Creek, 5200 ft., Crazy Mts., 11 (USBS); Brannin Ranch, Sweet Grass Creek Canyon, 6 (UM);Big Timber, 1 (USBS).Teton County: 171/2mi. W and 61/2mi. N Agusta, 5100 ft., 2.Wyoming:Fremont County: Moccasin Lake, 19 mi. W and 4 mi. N of Lander, 10,000 ft., 1; 231/2mi. S and 5 mi. W Lander, 8600 ft., 4.Park County: 311/2mi. N and 36 mi. W Cody, 6900 ft., 7;28 mi. N and 30 mi. W Cody, 7200 ft., 1;161/4mi. N and 17 mi. W Cody, 5625 ft., 14; 2 mi. S and 42 mi. W Cody, 6400 ft., 5; 12 mi. W Wapiti, 6 (LMH);25 mi. S and 28 mi. W Cody, 6350 ft., 5.Sublette County: E end Island Lake, 10,600 ft., 3 mi. S Fremont Park, 1;N side Halfmoon Lake, 7900 ft., 3;W end Halfmoon Lake, 7900 ft., 2;10 mi. NE Pinedale, 8000 ft., 1;5 mi. E and 8 mi. N Pinedale, 7500 ft., 1; 3 mi. E and 5 mi. N Pinedale, 7500 ft., 4; 19 mi. W and 2 mi. S Big Piney, 7700 ft., 3.Marginal records.—Alberta: Boom Creek, 5600 ft., 27 mi. W Banff; Crows Nest Pass; Waterton Lakes Park. Montana: Highwood Mts.; 15 mi. S Heath, N Fork Flat Willow Creek; 2 mi. E Shriver, 6500 ft. Wyoming: 231/2mi. S and 51/2mi. W Lander, 8600 ft.; 10 mi. W and 2 mi. S Big Piney, 7700 ft. Idaho: 7 mi. W West Yellowstone, 7000 ft.; Prairie Creek, 12 mi. NW Ketchum, 2400 ft.; 5 mi. W Warm Lake, 7000 ft.; 1 mi. N Bear Creek R. S., SW slope Smith Mtn., 5400 ft.; N Fork Potlatch River; 13 mi. E and 5 mi. N Coeur d’Alene. British Columbia: Newgate; Vermilion Crossing, Kootenay.
Specimens examined.—Total, 342, distributed as follows:
Alberta: Boom Creek, 5600 ft., 27 mi. W Banff, 2 (NMC);Banff, Cascade Basin, 2 (NMC);Bryant Creek, Banff Park, 1 (NMC);Spray River, 7 mi. Cabin, Banff Park, 3 (NMC); Crows Nest Pass, 2 (NMC); Waterton Lakes Park, 16 (NMC);Linnets Pond, Waterton Lakes Park, 4 (NMC);Bertha Creek, Waterton Lakes Park, 8 (NMC).
British Columbia: Vermilion Crossing, Kootenay, 1 (ROM); Paradise Mine, 3 (PM); Crows Nest Pass, 4450 ft., 3 (NMC); Newgate, 10 (NMC).
Idaho:Adam Co.:1/2mi. E Black Lake, 6800 ft., 8;summit of Smith Mtn., 7500 ft., 9 (3 MVZ); 1 mi. N Bear Creek R. S., SW Slope Smith Mtn., 5400 ft., 13; New Meadows, 1 (USBS);3 mi. W Payette, 5400 ft., 4 (MVZ).Blaine County:Perkins Lake, 7000 ft., Sawtooth Nat’l Forest, 1;Alturas Lake, 7000 ft., 3 (MVZ); Prairie Creek, 12 mi. NW Ketchum, 2400 ft., 3.Clearwater County: 2 mi. NE Weippe, 3000 ft., 3 (MVZ).Custer County: Loon Creek R. S., 6000 ft., Challis Nat’l Forest, 2;Head Pahsimeroi River, 2 (MVZ);[404]Mill Creek, 14 mi. WSW Challis, 8370 ft., 1 (MVZ).Fremont County: 7 mi. W West Yellowstone, 7000 ft., 3;17 mi. E and 4 mi. N of Ashton, 6275 ft., 9 (MVZ).Idaho Co.: Packers Meadow, near state line, South Lobo Hot Springs, 5150 ft., 7 (USBS);Warren, 1 (USBS).Kootenai Co.: 13 mi. E and 5 mi. N Coeur d’Alene, 5;Cascade Creek, 36 mi. E Coeur d’Alene, Coeur d’Alene Nat’l Forest, 1 (USBS).Latah Co.: N Fork Potlatch River, 1 (USBS).Lemhi County: Salmon River Mts., 3 (USBS).Shoshone Co.: Enaville 1 (USBS);Glidden Lakes, 5700 ft., 4 (MVZ).Valley County: 5 mi. E Warm Lake, 7000 ft., 6 (MVZ);5 mi. W Cape Horn, 7000 ft., Sawtooth Range, 1 (MVZ).
Montana:Beaverhead County: Birch Creek, 18 mi. NE Dillon, 7100 ft., 14 (MVZ).Carbon Co.:Pryor Mts., 1 (USBS); 2 mi. E Shriver, 6500 ft., 6 (MVZ).Cascade Co.: Neihart, 1 (USBS).Chouteau Co.:Upper Muddy, 1 (USBS); Highwood Mts., 2 (USBS).Fergus Co.: Lime Kiln Gulch, 7 mi. NE Judith Mts., 3 (USBS); 15 mi. S Heath, N Fork Flat Willow Creek, 8 (USBS);10 mi. W Tyler, N Fork Flat Willow Creek, 1 (USBS);Crystal Lake, 6000 ft., Big Snowy Mts., 3 (UM).Flathead Co.: Waterton Lake, 1 (USBS);Crosley Lake, Glacier Nat’l Park, 1 (USBS); Paola, 1 (USBS);Summit, 2 (USBS);1 mi. W and 2 mi. S Summit, 5000 ft., 12.Gallatin Co.: 4 mi S Logan, Camas Creek, Big Belt Mts., 5 (USBS); Gallatin Gateway, 5 (SDM); west fork West Gallatin River, 6500 ft., 6 (USBS).Glacier Co.: Babb, 1 (LMH);21/2mi. W and 11/2mi. S Babb, 4700 ft., 1;Many Glaciers, 4900 ft., Glacier Nat’l Park, 5 (MVZ);6 mi. S St. Marys, 6500 ft., 1;St. Marys Lake, 7 (USBS);McDermit Lake, 1 (USBS); Blackfoot Agency, 1 (USBS).Golden Valley County:Swimming Woman Canyon,3/4mi. S Fergus County line, Big Snowy Mts., 4 (UM).Judith Basin Co.:Little Belt Mts., Dry Wolf Creek, 20 mi. SW Stanford, 4 (USBS); 13 mi. W Buffalo, 1 (USBS).Madison Co.: 12 mi. SW Alder, Hinch Creek, Ruby Mts., 2 (USBS).Meagher Co.:16 mi. N White Sulphur Springs, Little Belt Mts., 7 (USBS).Park County:West Boulder Creek, 18 mi. SE Livingston, 1 (USBS); Emigrant Gulch, 3 mi. SE Chico, 6500 ft., 4 (USBS); 2 mi. NE Cooke, 8000 ft., 22 (MVZ).Ravalli County: 3 mi. SW Florence, 3700 ft., 1; 6 mi. E Hamilton, 3700 ft., 1.Sanders Co.: Prospect Creek, near Thompson, 1 (USBS).Sweet Grass Co.:near head of Big Timber Creek, 5200 ft., Crazy Mts., 11 (USBS); Brannin Ranch, Sweet Grass Creek Canyon, 6 (UM);Big Timber, 1 (USBS).Teton County: 171/2mi. W and 61/2mi. N Agusta, 5100 ft., 2.
Wyoming:Fremont County: Moccasin Lake, 19 mi. W and 4 mi. N of Lander, 10,000 ft., 1; 231/2mi. S and 5 mi. W Lander, 8600 ft., 4.Park County: 311/2mi. N and 36 mi. W Cody, 6900 ft., 7;28 mi. N and 30 mi. W Cody, 7200 ft., 1;161/4mi. N and 17 mi. W Cody, 5625 ft., 14; 2 mi. S and 42 mi. W Cody, 6400 ft., 5; 12 mi. W Wapiti, 6 (LMH);25 mi. S and 28 mi. W Cody, 6350 ft., 5.Sublette County: E end Island Lake, 10,600 ft., 3 mi. S Fremont Park, 1;N side Halfmoon Lake, 7900 ft., 3;W end Halfmoon Lake, 7900 ft., 2;10 mi. NE Pinedale, 8000 ft., 1;5 mi. E and 8 mi. N Pinedale, 7500 ft., 1; 3 mi. E and 5 mi. N Pinedale, 7500 ft., 4; 19 mi. W and 2 mi. S Big Piney, 7700 ft., 3.
Marginal records.—Alberta: Boom Creek, 5600 ft., 27 mi. W Banff; Crows Nest Pass; Waterton Lakes Park. Montana: Highwood Mts.; 15 mi. S Heath, N Fork Flat Willow Creek; 2 mi. E Shriver, 6500 ft. Wyoming: 231/2mi. S and 51/2mi. W Lander, 8600 ft.; 10 mi. W and 2 mi. S Big Piney, 7700 ft. Idaho: 7 mi. W West Yellowstone, 7000 ft.; Prairie Creek, 12 mi. NW Ketchum, 2400 ft.; 5 mi. W Warm Lake, 7000 ft.; 1 mi. N Bear Creek R. S., SW slope Smith Mtn., 5400 ft.; N Fork Potlatch River; 13 mi. E and 5 mi. N Coeur d’Alene. British Columbia: Newgate; Vermilion Crossing, Kootenay.
Zapus princeps kootenayensisAnderson
Zapus princeps kootenayensisAnderson, Ann. Rept. Nat. Mus. Canada for 1931:108, November 24, 1932.
Zapus princeps princeps, Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:23, August 8, 1899 (part).
Type.—Adult female, skin and skull, No. 10,020, Nat. Mus. Canada; near summit of Green Mountain, head of Murphy Creek, about 10 miles north of[405]Rossland, West Kootenay district, British Columbia, at about, 6000 ft.; latitude 49° 13′ north, longitude 117° 52′ west; obtained on July 18, 1929, by R. M. Anderson, original No. 24.Range.—From Glacier in the Selkirk Range, British Columbia, south to 5 mi. W Cocolalla, Bonner County, Idaho, west and north to Sullivan Lake, Pend Oreille County, Washington; and northwestward to Manning Park on the eastern summit of the Cascade Range in British Columbia. Seefig. 46.Description.—Size, medium; color moderately dark; upper parts noticeably dull and dusty; broad dorsal band of dull Ochraceous-Buff to near Warm Buff sprinkled with black hair to a varying degree, resulting in two color phases (dark has more black hair; Ochraceous phase or Warm Buff phase has more brown hair); sides paler than back owing to fewer black hairs; lateral line, when present, narrow and dull; ventral surface pure white; tail bicolored, pale brown above, yellowish-white to dull white below; ears dark with narrow white or yellowish-white edgings; feet white above; skull narrow across zygomata; incisive foramina narrow; bullae moderately inflated; nasals narrow at tips; postpalatal notch anterior to posterior face of last molars; braincase moderately narrow; zygomatic arch short.Comparisons.—FromZapus princeps saltator,Z. p. kootenayensisdiffers as follows: Upper parts generally dull with less ochraceous; sides with more yellow, less ochraceous; lateral line wanting or not bright; skull averaging slightly smaller; incisive foramina smaller and narrower posteriorly; small medium projection on inferior ramus of the zygomatic process of maxillary frequently present instead of absent; pterygoid fossae shorter and narrower.For comparison withZapus princeps idahoensissee account of that subspecies.
Type.—Adult female, skin and skull, No. 10,020, Nat. Mus. Canada; near summit of Green Mountain, head of Murphy Creek, about 10 miles north of[405]Rossland, West Kootenay district, British Columbia, at about, 6000 ft.; latitude 49° 13′ north, longitude 117° 52′ west; obtained on July 18, 1929, by R. M. Anderson, original No. 24.
Range.—From Glacier in the Selkirk Range, British Columbia, south to 5 mi. W Cocolalla, Bonner County, Idaho, west and north to Sullivan Lake, Pend Oreille County, Washington; and northwestward to Manning Park on the eastern summit of the Cascade Range in British Columbia. Seefig. 46.
Description.—Size, medium; color moderately dark; upper parts noticeably dull and dusty; broad dorsal band of dull Ochraceous-Buff to near Warm Buff sprinkled with black hair to a varying degree, resulting in two color phases (dark has more black hair; Ochraceous phase or Warm Buff phase has more brown hair); sides paler than back owing to fewer black hairs; lateral line, when present, narrow and dull; ventral surface pure white; tail bicolored, pale brown above, yellowish-white to dull white below; ears dark with narrow white or yellowish-white edgings; feet white above; skull narrow across zygomata; incisive foramina narrow; bullae moderately inflated; nasals narrow at tips; postpalatal notch anterior to posterior face of last molars; braincase moderately narrow; zygomatic arch short.
Comparisons.—FromZapus princeps saltator,Z. p. kootenayensisdiffers as follows: Upper parts generally dull with less ochraceous; sides with more yellow, less ochraceous; lateral line wanting or not bright; skull averaging slightly smaller; incisive foramina smaller and narrower posteriorly; small medium projection on inferior ramus of the zygomatic process of maxillary frequently present instead of absent; pterygoid fossae shorter and narrower.
For comparison withZapus princeps idahoensissee account of that subspecies.
Remarks.—This subspecies is paler and averages smaller than either of the subspecies with adjoining geographic ranges. There is intergradation withZapus princeps idahoensisin color, shape and size of incisive foramina, and in the shape of the nasals in Idaho-taken specimens from Glidden Lakes and Enaville. These individuals are thought to beZ. p. idahoensis. Specimens from the same state taken at Cascade Creek and 13 mi. E and 5 mi. N Coeur d’Alene show intergradation in color, size and inflation of bullae, configuration of nasals, and shape of the vomer betweenZapus princeps idahoensisandZ. p. kootenayensis. The majority of characters studied show these animals to be referable toZ. p. idahoensis.
Specimens from Monashee Pass, 4000 ft., British Columbia, show relationship toZapus princeps saltatorin the posteriorly wide incisive foramina, in the narrow vomer, and, in some individuals, in the increased amount of ochraceous, dorsally and laterally. The majority of characters studied show these animals to be referable toZ. p. kootenayensis.
The animals available from Glacier, British Columbia, are in color more nearly likeZ. p. saltatorand cranially combine the characters ofZ. p. idahoensis,Z. p. saltator, andZ. p. kootenayensis.The sum total of their characters places them withZ. p. saltator. Anderson (1932:108) remarks on the disparity of size between the two sexes ofZ. p. kootenayensis, stating that females are considerably larger than males. I have examined most of the material used in the original description and find that animals of like age in the two sexes show no significant size difference. Anderson (loc. cit.) seems to have compared young males with adult females.
Specimens examined.—Total, 68, distributed as follows:British Columbia: Manning Park, 3 (PM);Good Fellow Creek, Manning Park, 1 (PM);Mt. Beaver Valley, 6300 ft., Manning Park, 1 (PM);Timberline Valley, 6500 ft., 3 (PM);Allison Pass, 1 mi. E Manning Park, 1 (PM); Monashee Pass, 4000 ft., 13 (PM); Hope-Princeton Summit, 5500 ft., 1 (NMC);Hedley, Stirling Creek, 1 (NMC); Anarchist Mts., 1 (PM); Fairview-Keremeos Summit, 5 (NMC);Westbridge, 2 (NMC);Midway, 2 (NMC); Green Mtn., near Rossland, 6000 ft., 12 (11 NMC, 1 MVZ);Mt. Old Glory, 7000 ft., Rossland, 5 (4 NMC, 1 MVZ);Rossland, 5800 ft., 12 (11 NMC, 1 MVZ); Camp 6, Meadow Creek, 7 mi. SE of Yahk, 1 (NMC).Idaho:Bonner County: 5 mi. W Cocolalla, 3500 ft., 2 (MVZ).Boundary County: 4 mi. W Meadow Creek, 3000 ft., 2 (MVZ).Marginal records.—British Columbia: Monashee Pass, 4000 ft.; Camp 6, Meadow Creek, 7 mi. SE Yahk. Idaho: 4 mi. W Meadow Creek, 3000 ft.; 5 mi. W Cocolalla, 3500 ft. British Columbia: Hope-Princeton Summit, 5500 ft.; Manning Park.
Specimens examined.—Total, 68, distributed as follows:
British Columbia: Manning Park, 3 (PM);Good Fellow Creek, Manning Park, 1 (PM);Mt. Beaver Valley, 6300 ft., Manning Park, 1 (PM);Timberline Valley, 6500 ft., 3 (PM);Allison Pass, 1 mi. E Manning Park, 1 (PM); Monashee Pass, 4000 ft., 13 (PM); Hope-Princeton Summit, 5500 ft., 1 (NMC);Hedley, Stirling Creek, 1 (NMC); Anarchist Mts., 1 (PM); Fairview-Keremeos Summit, 5 (NMC);Westbridge, 2 (NMC);Midway, 2 (NMC); Green Mtn., near Rossland, 6000 ft., 12 (11 NMC, 1 MVZ);Mt. Old Glory, 7000 ft., Rossland, 5 (4 NMC, 1 MVZ);Rossland, 5800 ft., 12 (11 NMC, 1 MVZ); Camp 6, Meadow Creek, 7 mi. SE of Yahk, 1 (NMC).
Idaho:Bonner County: 5 mi. W Cocolalla, 3500 ft., 2 (MVZ).Boundary County: 4 mi. W Meadow Creek, 3000 ft., 2 (MVZ).
Marginal records.—British Columbia: Monashee Pass, 4000 ft.; Camp 6, Meadow Creek, 7 mi. SE Yahk. Idaho: 4 mi. W Meadow Creek, 3000 ft.; 5 mi. W Cocolalla, 3500 ft. British Columbia: Hope-Princeton Summit, 5500 ft.; Manning Park.
Zapus princeps luteusMiller
Zapus luteus, Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 24:253, December 23, 1911.
Zapus luteus australis, Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 26:132, May 21, 1913. Type from Socorro, Socorro County, New Mexico.
Type.—Female, adult, skin and skull, No. 133601, U. S. Nat. Mus. Biol. Surv. Coll., Espanola, 5000 ft., Rio Arriba Co., New Mexico; obtained on June 24, 1904, by McClure Surber, original No. 162.Range.—White Mt’s of southern Apache County and northern Greenlee County, Arizona; in New Mexico, from the Sacramento Mt’s, Otero County, northward to the San Juan Mt’s, Rio Arriba County. Seefig. 46. Zonal range: Lower Sonoran (1 individual), Upper Sonoran, Transition, and Canadian.Description.—Size, small; back near Ochraceous-Buff, having black hair interspersed; mid-dorsal band not always well marked; sides Ochraceous-Buff with fine admixture of black hair; lateral line blending with Ochraceous-Buff of sides, not distinct; ventral surface white to base of hairs, in some cases lightly suffused with color of sides; tail indistinctly bicolored, tan to grayish-white below and brown above; hind feet grayish-white above; ears brownish, narrowly edged with Ochraceous-Buff; skull small; antorbital foramina relatively large; interorbital region broad; inferior ramus of the zygomatic process of the maxillary broad, often with medial projection; incisive foramina narrow posteriorly becoming broadly rounded anteriorly; palatal bridge relatively long; pterygoid fossae narrow; zygomatic arches relatively robust; nasals tapering at each end.Comparisons.—FromZapus princeps princeps,Z, p. luteusdiffers as follows: Size, smaller; color lighter, more Ochraceous-Buff; ears lighter, edged with Ochraceous-Buff as compared with white or yellowish-white; lateral line indistinct or wanting as opposed to distinct; dorsal stripe not well defined; interorbital[407]region broader; antorbital foramina relatively larger; zygomatic arches more robust; nasals tapering at each end as opposed to parallel sided; auditory bullae smaller, less inflated.
Type.—Female, adult, skin and skull, No. 133601, U. S. Nat. Mus. Biol. Surv. Coll., Espanola, 5000 ft., Rio Arriba Co., New Mexico; obtained on June 24, 1904, by McClure Surber, original No. 162.
Range.—White Mt’s of southern Apache County and northern Greenlee County, Arizona; in New Mexico, from the Sacramento Mt’s, Otero County, northward to the San Juan Mt’s, Rio Arriba County. Seefig. 46. Zonal range: Lower Sonoran (1 individual), Upper Sonoran, Transition, and Canadian.
Description.—Size, small; back near Ochraceous-Buff, having black hair interspersed; mid-dorsal band not always well marked; sides Ochraceous-Buff with fine admixture of black hair; lateral line blending with Ochraceous-Buff of sides, not distinct; ventral surface white to base of hairs, in some cases lightly suffused with color of sides; tail indistinctly bicolored, tan to grayish-white below and brown above; hind feet grayish-white above; ears brownish, narrowly edged with Ochraceous-Buff; skull small; antorbital foramina relatively large; interorbital region broad; inferior ramus of the zygomatic process of the maxillary broad, often with medial projection; incisive foramina narrow posteriorly becoming broadly rounded anteriorly; palatal bridge relatively long; pterygoid fossae narrow; zygomatic arches relatively robust; nasals tapering at each end.
Comparisons.—FromZapus princeps princeps,Z, p. luteusdiffers as follows: Size, smaller; color lighter, more Ochraceous-Buff; ears lighter, edged with Ochraceous-Buff as compared with white or yellowish-white; lateral line indistinct or wanting as opposed to distinct; dorsal stripe not well defined; interorbital[407]region broader; antorbital foramina relatively larger; zygomatic arches more robust; nasals tapering at each end as opposed to parallel sided; auditory bullae smaller, less inflated.
Remarks.—The characters of this subspecies are relatively stable throughout most of its geographic range. Hall and Davis (1934:56) remarked that their material from the White Mountains of Arizona answered precisely to Miller’s original description (1911:253) of the species, and my examination of these and other specimens from that area indicates the same thing except that the specimens average slightly darker mid-dorsally than those from New Mexico.
Zapus luteus australis, based on a single individual taken in a riparian thicket along the Rio Grande at Socorro, New Mexico, is referable toZ. p. luteus. The diagnostic characters, referred to in the original description, are as follows: Small, slender, and very narrow skull; especially narrow braincase; slender rostrum; and light dentition. These are expressions of age, rather than of geographic variation, in that the individual is a subadult (young of the year). The color, which is paler than in adults ofZ. p. luteus, is almost identical with that of a subadult (No. 205585 USBS) from Alpine, Arizona. I can see no basis for recognition ofZ. p. australisand the name, therefore, is placed as a synonym ofZ. p. luteus.
Four specimens from 4 mi. NE El Rito, 7000 ft., New Mexico, show intergradation, in the shape of the nasals and incisive foramina, in the robustness of the zygomatic arch, and in the breadth of the braincase with a specimen ofZapus princeps princepsfrom Tierra Amarilla, New Mexico. In color and in external measurements as well as in other cranial characters they closely agree with typicalZ. p. luteusand are here referred to the latter.
Specimens examined.—Total, 49, distributed as follows:Arizona:Apache Co.: North Fork White River, White Mts., 24 (SDM); Alpine, 8500 ft., 6 (USBS); West Fork Black River, 7700 ft., 8 (MVZ);Greenlee County: Hannagan Creek, 8200 ft., 2 (MVZ).New Mexico:Otero Co.: 12 mi. E Cloudcroft, 7500 ft., 2 (USBS).Rio Arriba Co.: 4 mi. NE of El Rito, 7000 ft., 4; Espanola, 5000 ft., 2 (USBS).Socorro Co.: Socorro, 1 (USBS).Marginal records.—New Mexico: 4 mi. N El Rito, 7000 ft.; Espanola, 5000 ft.; 12 mi. E Cloudcroft, 7500 ft. Arizona: Hannagan Creek, 8200 ft.; W. Fork Black River, 7700 ft.; N. Fork White River, White Mts. New Mexico: Socorro.
Specimens examined.—Total, 49, distributed as follows:
Arizona:Apache Co.: North Fork White River, White Mts., 24 (SDM); Alpine, 8500 ft., 6 (USBS); West Fork Black River, 7700 ft., 8 (MVZ);Greenlee County: Hannagan Creek, 8200 ft., 2 (MVZ).
New Mexico:Otero Co.: 12 mi. E Cloudcroft, 7500 ft., 2 (USBS).Rio Arriba Co.: 4 mi. NE of El Rito, 7000 ft., 4; Espanola, 5000 ft., 2 (USBS).Socorro Co.: Socorro, 1 (USBS).
Marginal records.—New Mexico: 4 mi. N El Rito, 7000 ft.; Espanola, 5000 ft.; 12 mi. E Cloudcroft, 7500 ft. Arizona: Hannagan Creek, 8200 ft.; W. Fork Black River, 7700 ft.; N. Fork White River, White Mts. New Mexico: Socorro.
Zapus princeps minorPreble
Zapus princeps minorPreble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:23, August 8, 1899.
Zapus hudsonius campestris, Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 49:117, January 8, 1927 (part).
Type.—Adult female, skin and skull, No. 73673, U. S. Nat. Mus. Biol. Surv. Coll., Wingard, near Carlton House, Saskatchewan; obtained on July 23, 1895, by J. Alden Loring, original No. 3123.[408]Range.—Most of southern half of Saskatchewan and Alberta, northeastern Montana southeastward to Aweme, Manitoba, and Webster, South Dakota. Seefig. 46. Zonal range: Transition, Hudsonian, and Canadian.Description.—Size, small; back dark, usually with a distinct mid-dorsal band of black mixed with Warm Buff; sides lighter, more yellowish, but always with an admixture of black hairs; lateral line distinct, near Ochraceous-Buff, ventral surface characteristically suffused with Ochraceous-Buff; tail bicolored, grayish-white to yellowish-white below and pale brown above; hind feet grayish-white above; ears dark, edged with white or yellowish-white; skull small; postpalatal notch often anterior to posterior part of molars; inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary often with well developed medial projection; auditory bullae flattened; nasals narrower anteriorly and proximal third depressed; base of zygomatic process of squamosal broad.Comparisons.—FromZapus princeps princeps,Z. p. minordiffers as follows: Size averaging smaller in all measurements taken, except least interorbital constriction which is approximately the same; color dorsally and laterally more yellowish, less Ochraceous-Buff; ventrally greater suffusion of Ochraceous-Buff.For comparison withZapus princeps idahoensissee account of that subspecies.
Type.—Adult female, skin and skull, No. 73673, U. S. Nat. Mus. Biol. Surv. Coll., Wingard, near Carlton House, Saskatchewan; obtained on July 23, 1895, by J. Alden Loring, original No. 3123.
[408]
Range.—Most of southern half of Saskatchewan and Alberta, northeastern Montana southeastward to Aweme, Manitoba, and Webster, South Dakota. Seefig. 46. Zonal range: Transition, Hudsonian, and Canadian.
Description.—Size, small; back dark, usually with a distinct mid-dorsal band of black mixed with Warm Buff; sides lighter, more yellowish, but always with an admixture of black hairs; lateral line distinct, near Ochraceous-Buff, ventral surface characteristically suffused with Ochraceous-Buff; tail bicolored, grayish-white to yellowish-white below and pale brown above; hind feet grayish-white above; ears dark, edged with white or yellowish-white; skull small; postpalatal notch often anterior to posterior part of molars; inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary often with well developed medial projection; auditory bullae flattened; nasals narrower anteriorly and proximal third depressed; base of zygomatic process of squamosal broad.
Comparisons.—FromZapus princeps princeps,Z. p. minordiffers as follows: Size averaging smaller in all measurements taken, except least interorbital constriction which is approximately the same; color dorsally and laterally more yellowish, less Ochraceous-Buff; ventrally greater suffusion of Ochraceous-Buff.
For comparison withZapus princeps idahoensissee account of that subspecies.
Remarks.—This geographic race is notably stable and retains most of its diagnostic characters throughout nearly all parts of its range. Intergradation occurs withZapus princeps idahoensisat various localities in Montana, as is described in more detail in the account ofidahoensis. Crowe (1943:406) gives evidence of intergradation betweenZapus princeps idahoensisandZ. p. minorin specimens from Entrance in western Alberta. Crowe (loc. cit.) described these individuals as intermediate in color (lateral line present, under parts washed with buff, sides and dorsal stripe rich in ochraceous), and in cranial characters (smaller skulls, anteriorly narrower nasals, shorter more deflected rostrum, and higher cranium); but he considered them closer toZ. p. minor.
A skin without skull from Kananaskis Valley, Alberta, shows intergradation betweenZ. p. idahoensisandZ. p. minor. This individual is likeZ. p. idahoensisin dorsal and lateral coloring, but is nearerZ. p. minorin ventral coloring and in the presence of a distinct lateral line. External measurements provide basis for tentatively assigning the skin toZ. p. minor.
Specimens examined.—Total, 118, distributed as follows:Alberta: 4 mi. N Marinville, 2; Blindman River, 1 (USBS); Camrose, 1 (ROM); Red Deer River, 1 (USBS); Didsbury, Little Red Deer River, 1 (ROM); Kananaskis Valley, 7000 ft., 1 (ROM); High River, 2 (ROM); Lodge Creek, 2 (NMC).Manitoba: Shoal Lake, 6 (NMC); Oak Lake, 4 (NMC); Aweme, 7 (6 ROM; 1 USBS).Montana:Chouteau County: Eagle Creek, 25 mi. SE Big Sandy, 3 (UM).Hill Co.: Fort Assiniboine, 1 (USBS);Bear Paw Mt’s, 20 mi. SE Fort Assiniboine,[409]4 (USBS);head Eagle Creek, Bear Paw Mt’s, 7 (UM).Valley Co.: Glasgow, 1 (USBS).North Dakota:Benson Co.: 4 mi. W Leeds, 1400 ft., 2;2 mi. W Fort Totten, 1400 ft., 13; Fort Totten, 4 (USBS).Bottineau Co.: 48/10mi. N Bottineau, 2100 ft., 2;31/2mi. N Bottineau, 1920 ft., 2;21/10mi. N Bottineau, 1800 ft., 3;Bottineau, 1 (USBS).Dickey Co.: Oakes, 3 (USBS).Grand Forks Co.: Larimore, 3 (USBS).Montrail Co.: 6 mi. N Lostwood, 2 (USBS).Nelson Co.: Stump Lake, 1 (USBS).Richland Co.:Lidgerwood, 1 (USBS); 4 mi. S Blackner, (USBS).Rolette Co.: St. John, 1 (USBS).Sargent County:71/5mi. E and 11/5mi. S Oakes, 1200 ft., 6;3 mi. W Cayuga, 1000 ft., 2.Walsh Co.: Grafton, 2.Ward Co.:Minot, 3 (CMNH).Williams Co.: Grinnell, 2 (USBS); Buford, 2 (USBS).Saskatchewan: Wingard, near Carlton House, 2 (USBS); Fort Carlton, 1 (MVZ); Indian Head, 2 (USBS); Cypress Hills, N Maple Creek, 18 (NMC);Battle Creek, 1 (NMC).South Dakota:Day Co.: Webster, 1 (Chic. AS).Marginal records.—Saskatchewan: Wingard, near Carlton House; Fort Carlton. Manitoba: Shoal Lake; Aweme. North Dakota: Larimore; 4 mi. S Blackner. South Dakota: Webster. North Dakota: Oakes; Grinnell. Montana: Eagle Creek, 25 mi. SE Big Sandy. Alberta: High River; Kananaskis Valley, 2000 ft.; Red Deer River; Blindman River; 4 mi. N Marinville.
Specimens examined.—Total, 118, distributed as follows:
Alberta: 4 mi. N Marinville, 2; Blindman River, 1 (USBS); Camrose, 1 (ROM); Red Deer River, 1 (USBS); Didsbury, Little Red Deer River, 1 (ROM); Kananaskis Valley, 7000 ft., 1 (ROM); High River, 2 (ROM); Lodge Creek, 2 (NMC).
Manitoba: Shoal Lake, 6 (NMC); Oak Lake, 4 (NMC); Aweme, 7 (6 ROM; 1 USBS).
Montana:Chouteau County: Eagle Creek, 25 mi. SE Big Sandy, 3 (UM).Hill Co.: Fort Assiniboine, 1 (USBS);Bear Paw Mt’s, 20 mi. SE Fort Assiniboine,[409]4 (USBS);head Eagle Creek, Bear Paw Mt’s, 7 (UM).Valley Co.: Glasgow, 1 (USBS).
North Dakota:Benson Co.: 4 mi. W Leeds, 1400 ft., 2;2 mi. W Fort Totten, 1400 ft., 13; Fort Totten, 4 (USBS).Bottineau Co.: 48/10mi. N Bottineau, 2100 ft., 2;31/2mi. N Bottineau, 1920 ft., 2;21/10mi. N Bottineau, 1800 ft., 3;Bottineau, 1 (USBS).Dickey Co.: Oakes, 3 (USBS).Grand Forks Co.: Larimore, 3 (USBS).Montrail Co.: 6 mi. N Lostwood, 2 (USBS).Nelson Co.: Stump Lake, 1 (USBS).Richland Co.:Lidgerwood, 1 (USBS); 4 mi. S Blackner, (USBS).Rolette Co.: St. John, 1 (USBS).Sargent County:71/5mi. E and 11/5mi. S Oakes, 1200 ft., 6;3 mi. W Cayuga, 1000 ft., 2.Walsh Co.: Grafton, 2.Ward Co.:Minot, 3 (CMNH).Williams Co.: Grinnell, 2 (USBS); Buford, 2 (USBS).
Saskatchewan: Wingard, near Carlton House, 2 (USBS); Fort Carlton, 1 (MVZ); Indian Head, 2 (USBS); Cypress Hills, N Maple Creek, 18 (NMC);Battle Creek, 1 (NMC).
South Dakota:Day Co.: Webster, 1 (Chic. AS).
Marginal records.—Saskatchewan: Wingard, near Carlton House; Fort Carlton. Manitoba: Shoal Lake; Aweme. North Dakota: Larimore; 4 mi. S Blackner. South Dakota: Webster. North Dakota: Oakes; Grinnell. Montana: Eagle Creek, 25 mi. SE Big Sandy. Alberta: High River; Kananaskis Valley, 2000 ft.; Red Deer River; Blindman River; 4 mi. N Marinville.
Zapus princeps oregonusPreble
Zapus princeps oregonusPreble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:24, August 8, 1899.
Zapus majorPreble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:24, August 8, 1899, type from Warner Mt’s, Lake County, Oregon.
Zapus princeps major, Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 37:10, April 10, 1931.
Zapus nevadensisPreble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:25, August 8, 1899, type from Ruby Mt’s, Elko County, Nevada.
Zapus princeps nevadensis, Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 37:10, April 10, 1931.
Zapus princeps palatinusHall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 37:8, April 10, 1931, type from Wisconsin Creek, 7800 ft., Toyabe Mt’s, Nye County, Nevada.
Zapus princeps princeps, Anthony, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33:17, March 17, 1913.
Type.—Male, adult, skin and skull; No. 78156, U. S. Nat. Mus. Biol. Surv. Coll.; Elgin, Blue Mountains, Union Co., Oregon; obtained on May 29, 1896, by Edward A. Preble, original No. 959.Range.—Southeastern Washington, eastern Oregon east of Cascades, northeastern California, central and northeastern Nevada, and southwestern Idaho. Seefig. 46. Zonal range: Transition and Canadian.Description.—Size large; back from near Light Ochraceous-Buff to near Cinnamon-Buff, usually overlaid with black hairs forming broad dorsal band, which in some individuals is almost black; sides lighter than back, from near Light Pinkish-Cinnamon to near Cinnamon-Buff and Ochraceous-Buff, often with black hairs interspersed; lateral line faintly marked or wanting; belly pure white; tail bicolored, grayish-brown above and grayish-white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, edged with color of sides; palatal bridge long; interorbital region broad; inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary usually with median projection; auditory bullae relatively small; incisive foramina greatly enlarged posteriorly; tooth-rows divergent anteriorly; nasals narrow posteriorly.Comparisons.—FromZapus princeps curtatus,Z. p. oregonusdiffers as follows: Size averaging larger; upper parts darker; tooth-rows more divergent[410]anteriorly; palatal bridge longer; mastoid region broader; incisive foramina relatively wider posteriorly.For comparisons withZapus princeps cinereus,Zapus princeps pacificusandZapus princeps idahoensissee accounts of those subspecies.
Type.—Male, adult, skin and skull; No. 78156, U. S. Nat. Mus. Biol. Surv. Coll.; Elgin, Blue Mountains, Union Co., Oregon; obtained on May 29, 1896, by Edward A. Preble, original No. 959.
Range.—Southeastern Washington, eastern Oregon east of Cascades, northeastern California, central and northeastern Nevada, and southwestern Idaho. Seefig. 46. Zonal range: Transition and Canadian.
Description.—Size large; back from near Light Ochraceous-Buff to near Cinnamon-Buff, usually overlaid with black hairs forming broad dorsal band, which in some individuals is almost black; sides lighter than back, from near Light Pinkish-Cinnamon to near Cinnamon-Buff and Ochraceous-Buff, often with black hairs interspersed; lateral line faintly marked or wanting; belly pure white; tail bicolored, grayish-brown above and grayish-white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, edged with color of sides; palatal bridge long; interorbital region broad; inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary usually with median projection; auditory bullae relatively small; incisive foramina greatly enlarged posteriorly; tooth-rows divergent anteriorly; nasals narrow posteriorly.
Comparisons.—FromZapus princeps curtatus,Z. p. oregonusdiffers as follows: Size averaging larger; upper parts darker; tooth-rows more divergent[410]anteriorly; palatal bridge longer; mastoid region broader; incisive foramina relatively wider posteriorly.
For comparisons withZapus princeps cinereus,Zapus princeps pacificusandZapus princeps idahoensissee accounts of those subspecies.
Remarks.—The coloration inZ. p. oregonusvaries somewhat from north to south. In the northern part of the range the average coloration of the upper parts is darker with more ochraceous on the sides. To the southward the upper parts are progressively paler and the sides are near Light Pinkish-Cinnamon. Because of this variation of color, and because of the small samples available to workers in the past, three populations of this subspecies have been named as distinct. However, with the large amount of additional material now available, the supposed diagnostic characters of these “forms” prove to be within the range of individual variations of each of several populations of which large samples are available.
Zapus majorPreble (1899:24) was described as having zygomata short, palate broad and long, incisive foramina large and elliptical, and color dark. Some specimens ofZ. p. oregonus, from nearly all parts of its geographic range, show these same characters. Resemblances in anteriorly divergent tooth-rows, broad interorbital region, small auditory bullae, and posteriorly narrow nasals, are additional reasons for placingZ. majoras a synonym ofZ. p. oregonus.
Zapus nevadensisPreble (1899:25), here considered a synonym ofZ. p. oregonus, was described as having: auditory bullae small, posterior border of the palate usually convex anteriorly, palatal bridge long, and color pale. These characters, however, are within the range of individual variation ofZapus p. oregonus. Similarities such as tooth-rows diverging anteriorly, nasals narrow posteriorly, interorbital region broad, and incisive foramina enlarged posteriorly are added reasons for placingZ. nevadensisas a synonym ofZ. p. oregonus.
Zapus princeps palatinusHall (1931:8) was described as having: palatal bridge long, incisive foramina wide posteriorly, posterior border of palate straight or convex posteriorly, and color pale. These characteristics are to be found in some individuals in most populations ofZ. p. oregonus. Additional well marked cranial similarities, such as small auditory bullae, broad interorbital region, and nasals narrow posteriorly offer additional evidence as to the close relationship ofZ. p. palatinusandZ. p. oregonus. Hall (loc. cit.), with a small sample available to him for comparative purposes (14 specimens ofZ. p. palatinusand 12 specimens ofZ. p. nevadensis),was impressed by the condition of the palate inZ. p. palatinusand wrote: “the generally straight, or even posteriorly convex, posterior border of the palate seems to be unique among described forms ofZapus. The namepalatinusis given in allusion to this structural feature.” With more than 300 specimens ofZ. p. oregonusavailable for study I find that a straight or posteriorly convex posterior border of the palate occurs in more than 50 per cent of the individuals examined. Specimens displaying this described palatal condition are known from all parts of the range ofZ. p. oregonus, but do occur in a higher percentage of specimens in the area ascribed by Hall (loc. cit.) to the range ofZ. p. palatinus.
Intergradation withZapus princeps idahoensisandZapus princeps cinereusis discussed in the accounts of those subspecies.
Specimens examined.—Total, 340, distributed as follows:California:Modoc Co.: Buck Creek R. S., 1 (CAS);Willow Ranch, 4 (CAS);Sugar Hill, 5000 ft., 1 (MVZ);Goose Lake Meadows, near Sugar Hill, 4 (MVZ);Parker Creek, Warner Mts., 5500 ft., 18 (MVZ);Dry Creek, Warner Mts., 4800 ft., 3 (MVZ)east face Warner Peak, Warner Mts., 8700 ft., 1 (MVZ);5 mi. NW Eagle Peak, 7000 ft., 5 (MVZ); Lassen Creek, 1 (SDM);Happy Camp, 1 (CAS).Idaho:Boise Co.: Bald Mtn. R. S., Boise Nat’l Forest, 10 mi. S. Idaho City, 7400 ft., 2 (USBS).Elmore Co.: Trail Creek, Boise Nat’l Forest, 2 (USBS).Washington County: 1 mi. NE Heath, SW Slope Cuddy Mtn., 4000 ft., 20 (5 MVZ).Nevada:Elko County:6 mi. SW Mountain City, Cobb Creek, 6500-6550 ft., 44 (MVZ);summit between heads of Copper and Coon creeks, Jarbidge Mts., 18 (9 MVZ);head of Ackler Creek, 6800 ft., 2: Steel Creek, 7000 ft., 11 (4 MVZ);summit of Secret Pass, 6200 ft., 8;south fork Long Creek, 7830 ft., 4; Harrison Pass R. S., Green Mtn., Canyon, 6050 ft., 12.Eureka County: 4 mi. S Tonkin, Denay Creek, Roberts Mt’s, 1 (MVZ).Humboldt County:Martin Creek R. S., 1 (MVZ); 13 mi. N Paradise Valley, 6700 ft., 19 (MVZ).Lander County: Kingston R. S., 7500 ft., 4 (MVZ).Nye County: Wisconsin Creek, 7000 ft., 12 (MVZ).White Pine County: Willow Creek, 2 mi. S Elko County line, Ruby Mts., 6500 ft., 24 (2 MVZ).Oregon:Baker Co.: East Pine Creek, 21/2mi. NE Cornucopia, 6 (USBS); McEwen, 2 (USBS);Bourne, 7 (USBS).Clackamas County:Marks Creek, 12 mi. N of Howard, 2 (USBS); Howard, 2 (USBS).Crook County:Ochoco R. S., 4000 ft., 4 (MVZ).Grant Co.:Austin, 2 (USBS);Cold Spring, 4900 ft., 8 mi. E Austin, 4 (MVZ); Beech Creek, 1 (USBS);Strawberry Mts., 6 (USBS);north fork Malheur River, 21 mi. SE Prairie City, 5000 ft., 21 (MVZ).Harney Co.: 10 mi. N. Harney, 1 (USBS);Steen Mts., Keiger Gorge, 6900 ft., 6 (USBS); Diamond, 4300 ft., 2 (USBS).Jefferson Co.: Foley Creek, 12 mi. E Hay Creek, 1 (USBS).Klamath Co.: Fort Klamath, 1 (USBS).Lake Co.: Silver Creek, 7000 ft., Yamsey Mts., 1 (USBS);2 mi. E Lakeview, 5200 ft., 3 (MVZ).Malheur Co.: Jordan Valley, 4200 ft., 1 (USBS).Umatilla Co.: Meacham, 1 (USBS).Union County: Elgin, 2 (USBS).Wallowa Co.: Paradise, 10 mi. N Horse Creek, 7000 ft., 1 (USBS);Minam Lake, 1 (USBS);16 mi. S and 3 mi. E Lostine, 5500 ft., 9 (MVZ);west fork Wallowa River, 5000 ft., 21/2mi. above Wallowa Lake, 1 (FM);near Wallowa Lake, 4500 ft., 3 (FM).Wheeler County: 11 mi. W and 7 mi. S Mitchell, 4850 ft., 20 (MVZ).Washington:Asotin Co.: Anatone, 3300 ft., 1 (USBS).Columbia County: Twin Buttes, 25 mi. SE Dayton, Blue Mts., 2 (MVZ);Stayawhile Spring, 5150 ft., 4 (MVZ).[412]Marginal records.—Washington: Anatone, 3300 ft. Oregon: East Pine Creek, 21/2mi. NE Cornucopia. Idaho: 1 mi. NE Heath, SW slope Cuddy Mtn., 4000 ft.; Bald Mtn., R. S., Boise Nat’l Forest, 10 mi. S. Idaho City, 7400 ft.; Trail Creek, Boise Nat’l Forest. Nevada: Harrison Pass R. S., Ruby Mts.; Steel Creek, 7000 ft.; Wisconsin Creek, 7000 ft.; 13 mi. N Paradise Valley, 6700 ft. California: Lassen Creek; Buck Creek R. S. Oregon: Fort Klamath; Howard; Meacham. Washington: Twin Buttes, 25 mi. SE Dayton, Blue Mts.
Specimens examined.—Total, 340, distributed as follows:
California:Modoc Co.: Buck Creek R. S., 1 (CAS);Willow Ranch, 4 (CAS);Sugar Hill, 5000 ft., 1 (MVZ);Goose Lake Meadows, near Sugar Hill, 4 (MVZ);Parker Creek, Warner Mts., 5500 ft., 18 (MVZ);Dry Creek, Warner Mts., 4800 ft., 3 (MVZ)east face Warner Peak, Warner Mts., 8700 ft., 1 (MVZ);5 mi. NW Eagle Peak, 7000 ft., 5 (MVZ); Lassen Creek, 1 (SDM);Happy Camp, 1 (CAS).
Idaho:Boise Co.: Bald Mtn. R. S., Boise Nat’l Forest, 10 mi. S. Idaho City, 7400 ft., 2 (USBS).Elmore Co.: Trail Creek, Boise Nat’l Forest, 2 (USBS).Washington County: 1 mi. NE Heath, SW Slope Cuddy Mtn., 4000 ft., 20 (5 MVZ).
Nevada:Elko County:6 mi. SW Mountain City, Cobb Creek, 6500-6550 ft., 44 (MVZ);summit between heads of Copper and Coon creeks, Jarbidge Mts., 18 (9 MVZ);head of Ackler Creek, 6800 ft., 2: Steel Creek, 7000 ft., 11 (4 MVZ);summit of Secret Pass, 6200 ft., 8;south fork Long Creek, 7830 ft., 4; Harrison Pass R. S., Green Mtn., Canyon, 6050 ft., 12.Eureka County: 4 mi. S Tonkin, Denay Creek, Roberts Mt’s, 1 (MVZ).Humboldt County:Martin Creek R. S., 1 (MVZ); 13 mi. N Paradise Valley, 6700 ft., 19 (MVZ).Lander County: Kingston R. S., 7500 ft., 4 (MVZ).Nye County: Wisconsin Creek, 7000 ft., 12 (MVZ).White Pine County: Willow Creek, 2 mi. S Elko County line, Ruby Mts., 6500 ft., 24 (2 MVZ).
Oregon:Baker Co.: East Pine Creek, 21/2mi. NE Cornucopia, 6 (USBS); McEwen, 2 (USBS);Bourne, 7 (USBS).Clackamas County:Marks Creek, 12 mi. N of Howard, 2 (USBS); Howard, 2 (USBS).Crook County:Ochoco R. S., 4000 ft., 4 (MVZ).Grant Co.:Austin, 2 (USBS);Cold Spring, 4900 ft., 8 mi. E Austin, 4 (MVZ); Beech Creek, 1 (USBS);Strawberry Mts., 6 (USBS);north fork Malheur River, 21 mi. SE Prairie City, 5000 ft., 21 (MVZ).Harney Co.: 10 mi. N. Harney, 1 (USBS);Steen Mts., Keiger Gorge, 6900 ft., 6 (USBS); Diamond, 4300 ft., 2 (USBS).Jefferson Co.: Foley Creek, 12 mi. E Hay Creek, 1 (USBS).Klamath Co.: Fort Klamath, 1 (USBS).Lake Co.: Silver Creek, 7000 ft., Yamsey Mts., 1 (USBS);2 mi. E Lakeview, 5200 ft., 3 (MVZ).Malheur Co.: Jordan Valley, 4200 ft., 1 (USBS).Umatilla Co.: Meacham, 1 (USBS).Union County: Elgin, 2 (USBS).Wallowa Co.: Paradise, 10 mi. N Horse Creek, 7000 ft., 1 (USBS);Minam Lake, 1 (USBS);16 mi. S and 3 mi. E Lostine, 5500 ft., 9 (MVZ);west fork Wallowa River, 5000 ft., 21/2mi. above Wallowa Lake, 1 (FM);near Wallowa Lake, 4500 ft., 3 (FM).Wheeler County: 11 mi. W and 7 mi. S Mitchell, 4850 ft., 20 (MVZ).
Washington:Asotin Co.: Anatone, 3300 ft., 1 (USBS).Columbia County: Twin Buttes, 25 mi. SE Dayton, Blue Mts., 2 (MVZ);Stayawhile Spring, 5150 ft., 4 (MVZ).
[412]
Marginal records.—Washington: Anatone, 3300 ft. Oregon: East Pine Creek, 21/2mi. NE Cornucopia. Idaho: 1 mi. NE Heath, SW slope Cuddy Mtn., 4000 ft.; Bald Mtn., R. S., Boise Nat’l Forest, 10 mi. S. Idaho City, 7400 ft.; Trail Creek, Boise Nat’l Forest. Nevada: Harrison Pass R. S., Ruby Mts.; Steel Creek, 7000 ft.; Wisconsin Creek, 7000 ft.; 13 mi. N Paradise Valley, 6700 ft. California: Lassen Creek; Buck Creek R. S. Oregon: Fort Klamath; Howard; Meacham. Washington: Twin Buttes, 25 mi. SE Dayton, Blue Mts.
Zapus princeps pacificusMerriam
Zapus pacificusMerriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:104, April 26, 1897; Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:30, August 8, 1899.
Jaculus hudsonius, Baird, Repts. Expl. and Surv. 111 8 (pt. 1):433, July 14, 1858 (part—the part from Canoe Creek, California).
Zapus alleniElliot, Field Columbian Mus., publ. 27, zool. ser., 1:212, April 19, 1898, type from Pyramid Peak, Lake Tahoe, El Dorado County, California.
Zapus trinotatus alleni, Elliot, Field Columbian Mus. Publ. 91, zool. ser., 3:315, July 5, 1904; Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:27, August 8, 1899.
Zapus pacificus alleni, Howell, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 21:232, May 20, 1920.
Zapus trinotatus pacificus, Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 55:233, August 29, 1936.
Zapus princeps alleni, Hall, Mammals of Nevada; Univ. California Press, Berkeley, California, 579, July 1, 1946.