Miscellaneous.

"Our three great enemies remember,The Pope, the Devil, and the Pretender.All wicked, damnable, and evil,The Pope, the Pretender, and the Devil.I wish them all hung on one rope,The Devil, the Pretender, and the Pope."

"Our three great enemies remember,

The Pope, the Devil, and the Pretender.

All wicked, damnable, and evil,

The Pope, the Pretender, and the Devil.

I wish them all hung on one rope,

The Devil, the Pretender, and the Pope."

Since writing the foregoing, the following has been dictated to me from recollection; which may be referred to about the period of George III.'s last illness:

"You should send, if aught should ail ye,For Willis, Heberden, or Baillie.All exceeding skilful men,Baillie, Willis, Heberden.Uncertain which most sure to kill is,Baillie, Heberden, or Willis."

"You should send, if aught should ail ye,

For Willis, Heberden, or Baillie.

All exceeding skilful men,

Baillie, Willis, Heberden.

Uncertain which most sure to kill is,

Baillie, Heberden, or Willis."

M. H.

Venda(Vol. vii., p. 179.).—This word, in Portuguese, signifies a place where wine and meat are sold by retail in a tavern. It also appears to answer to the SpanishVenta, a road-side inn; something between the French and English inn, and the Eastern caravansaries. In the places which C. E. F. mentions,Vendain Portugal is like Osteria in Italy, of which plenty will be seen on the plains of the Campagna at Rome.

T. K.

Meaning of "Assassin"(Vol. vii., p. 181.).—We owe this word to the Crusaders, no doubt; butMuhammedwill find a very interesting account of the word in the Rev. C. Trench's admirable little workOn the Study of Words. See also Gibbon'sDecline and Fall, chap. lxiv.; to which, if I remember rightly, Mr. Trench also refers.

R. J. S.

IfMuhammedwould take the trouble of looking into the translation of Von Hammer'sGeschichte der Assassinen, or, a more common book,The Secret Societies of the Middle Ages, he would find that therewas"a nation of the assassins;" and that his idea of the derivation of the name, which was first indicated by De Sacy, is the received one.

T. K.

Dimidium Scientiæ(Vol. vii., p. 180.).—Mr. B. B. Woodwardwill find Lord Bacon's sententia, "Prudens interrogatio quasi dimidium scientiæ," in hisDe Augmentis Scientiarum, lib. v. cap. iii., "Partitio Inventivæ Argumentorum in Promptuariam et Topicam."

Bibliothecar. Chetham.

Epigrams(Vol. vii., p. 175.).—The true version of the epigram on Dr. Toe, which I heard or read about fifty years ago, is as follows:

"'Twixt Footman John and Doctor Toe,A rivalship befel,Which should become the fav'rite beau,And bear away the belle."The Footman won the Lady's heart;And who can wonder? No man:The whole prevail'd against the part,—'TwasFoot-man versusToe-man."

"'Twixt Footman John and Doctor Toe,A rivalship befel,Which should become the fav'rite beau,And bear away the belle.

"'Twixt Footman John and Doctor Toe,

A rivalship befel,

Which should become the fav'rite beau,

And bear away the belle.

"The Footman won the Lady's heart;And who can wonder? No man:The whole prevail'd against the part,—'TwasFoot-man versusToe-man."

"The Footman won the Lady's heart;

And who can wonder? No man:

The whole prevail'd against the part,—

'TwasFoot-man versusToe-man."

Perhaps the "John" ought to be "Thomas;" for I find, on the same page of my Common-place Book, the following:

"Dear Lady, think it no reproach,It show'd a generous mind,To take poor Thomas in the coach,Who rodebefore behind."Dear Lady, think it no reproach,It show'd you lov'd the more,To take poor Thomas in the coach,Who rodebehind before."

"Dear Lady, think it no reproach,It show'd a generous mind,To take poor Thomas in the coach,Who rodebefore behind.

"Dear Lady, think it no reproach,

It show'd a generous mind,

To take poor Thomas in the coach,

Who rodebefore behind.

"Dear Lady, think it no reproach,It show'd you lov'd the more,To take poor Thomas in the coach,Who rodebehind before."

"Dear Lady, think it no reproach,

It show'd you lov'd the more,

To take poor Thomas in the coach,

Who rodebehind before."

Scrapiana.

Use of Tobacco before the Discovery of America(Vol. iv., p. 208.).—Sandys, in the year 1610, mentions the use of tobacco as a custom recently introduced, at Constantinople, by the English. (SeeModern Traveller.) Meyen, however, in hisOutlines of the Geography of Plants, as translated for the Ray Society, says:

"The consumption of tobacco in the Chinese empire is of immense extent, and the practice seems to be of great antiquity; for on very old sculptures I have observed the very same tobacco pipes which are still used.Besides, we now know the plant which furnishes the Chinese tobacco: it is even said to grow wild in the East Indies. It is certain that the tobacco plant of Eastern Asia is quite different from the American species."

This is the opinion of a botanist at once distinguished for extensiveness of research and accuracy of detail; although Mr. J. Crawford, in a paper read before the Statistical Society, on the 15th of November, 1852, seems to incline to a contrary notion. It is, however, necessary to remark that his facts tend rather to elucidate the statistics of the plant than its natural character, so that Meyen's opinion must, I think, stand good until it be disproved.

Seleucus.

Oldham, Bishop of Exeter(Vol. vii., p. 189.).—Perhaps it may help J. D. in his difficulty touching the difference between the coat of arms borne by Oldham, Bishop of Exeter, and that borne by the Oldham family atHatherleigh, to be informed of what I believe he will find, upon inquiry, to be the fact, viz. thatLaingwas the original name of the present family of Oldham at Hatherleigh; and that, consequently, the arms of Laing may possibly still be borne by them.

* *

Oxford.

Bishop Hugh Oldham, B.C.L., was one of the family of Oldenham, of Oldenham, co. Lancaster, which gave for arms, Sable, between three owls arg., a chevron or: in chief, of the third, three roses, gules. Richard Oldham, Bishop of Sodor, was Abbot of Chester in 1452.

Hugh was born in Goulburn Street, Oldham, and educated at Exeter College, Oxford, and at Queen's College, Cambridge: he was Rector of St. Mildred's, Bread Street, Sept. 19, 1485; Swineshead, February 3, 1493; Wareboys, March 31, 1499; Shitlington, August 17, 1500; Vicar of Cheshunt, July 27, 1494; Overton, April 2, 1501; Canon of St. Stephen's, Westminster, 1493; Prebendary of South Aulton in Sarum, September, 1495; of Newington in St. Paul's, March 11, 1496; of South Cave in York, August 26, 1499; Archdeacon of Exeter, February 16, 1503; Chaplain to Margaret, Countess of Richmond, and Master of St. John's, Lichfield, 1495; and St. Leonard's Hospital, Bedford, January 12, 1499.

He was the founder of Manchester High School, and was consecrated between December 29 and January 6, 1504. He was a great benefactor to Corpus Christi College in Oxford; and the intimate friend of Bishop Smyth, co-founder of Brasenose College, with whom he had been brought up in the household of Thomas, Earl of Derby. He died June 25, 1519, and was buried in St. Saviour's Chapel in Exeter Cathedral.

These notes are taken from a MS. History of the English Episcopate, which it is my hope to give to the public.

Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

Tortoiseshell Tom Cat.—I am pretty certain that I once saw in "N. & Q." an inquiry whether there ever was a well-authenticated instance of a tortoiseshell tom cat. The inclosed advertisement, which I have cut fromThe Timesof the 19th January, 1853, will perhaps give some of your readers an opportunity of testing the fact:

"To be sold, a real Tortoiseshell Tom Cat. This natural rarity is fifteen months old and eight lbs. weight. Apply to John Sayer, Mr. Bennison's, bookseller, Market-Drayton, Salop."

L. L. L.

[The inquiry will be found in our 5th Vol., p. 465.]

Irish Rhymes(Vol. vi., and Vol. vii., p. 52.).—Cuthbert Bede, in his notice of the Irish rhymes in Swift's poetry, quoted one couplet in whichputrhymes tocut. Is this pronunciation of the wordputan Irishism?

A late distinguished divine, who, although he occupied an Irish see, was certainly no Irishman, and who was remarkably particular and, I believe, correct in his diction, always pronounced this word in this manner (as indeed every other word with the same termination is pronounced: asrut,cut,shut,nut,but, &c.).

The bishop to whom I allude pronounced the word thus, long before he ever had any communication with Ireland: and it is strange that, although I have been in Ireland myself, I never heardputpronounced so as to rhyme withcutby any native of that island.

Rubi.

The following extract is a note by Lord Mahon, in vol. i. p. 374. of his edition of Lord Chesterfield'sLetters to his Son(Bentley, 1847). I cannot see how the quotation from Boswell bears upon eitheraccentorcadence; it appears to relate entirely to different modes of pronunciation:

"It may be observed, however, that the questions of what are 'false accents and cadences' in our language appear to have been far less settled in Lord Chesterfield's time than at present. Dr. Johnson says: 'When I published the plan for my dictionary, Lord Chesterfield told me that the wordgreatshould be pronounced so as to rhyme withstate; and Sir William Yonge sent me word, that it should be pronounced so as to rhyme toseat, and that none but an Irishman would pronounce itgrait. Now, here were two men of the highest rank,—the one the best speaker in the House of Lords, the other the best speaker in the House of Commons—differing entirely."—Boswell'sLife, Notes of March 27, 1772.

C. Forbes.

Temple.

Consecrated Rings(Vol. vii., p. 88.).—The inquiry opened bySir W. C. T.is shown to be one of much interest by the able communication of your correspondentCeyrep. I trust he will excuse me in expressing strong doubts as toHavering, the chapel in Essex, being so called from "having the ring." Nothing is more dangerous to any etymological solution than the being guided by the sound of words, rather than by the probable derivation of the name of the place or thing signified. I am aware that Camden says Havering is called so for the above-stated reason; and other compilers of topography have followed what I venture to suggest is an error.Habban, in Anglo-Saxon, means to have; andRingis ring—this is not to be denied; but in the general (and let me add excellent) rules for the investigation of names of places affixed to the late Dr. Ingram'sTranslation of the Saxon Chronicle, I findAveris from Aver, Br., the mouth of a river, ford, or lake; andIng, it is well known, is a frequent termination for the names of places—its import in Anglo-Saxon being a meadow. How far "the meadow near the source of the river, or stream" applies to the site ofHavering, I will leave to those more competent than myself to decide, but offer the suggestion to the consideration ofCeyrepand others.

C. I. R.

Brasses since 1688(Vol. vi., pp. 149. 256.).—In connexion with the subject of late brasses, a rubbing which I took from one in Masham Church, Yorkshire, may not be unworthy of a note. It runs thus:

"Christopher Kay,Buried October the 23d,Anno Dom. 1689.[Mrs. Jane Nichollson,Bu. June the 4th, 1690.]C onfined . in . a . bed . of . dustH ere . doth . a . body . lyeR aised . again . it . will . I . trvstI nto . the . Heavens . highS in . not . bvt . have . a . careT o . make . yovr . calling . svreO mit . those . things . which . trivial . areP rise . that . we . will . indureH ange . not . your . mind . on . secular . thingsE ach . one . doth . fade . apaceR iches . the . chief . of . we . hath . wings.[A . Matron . grave . is . here . interr'dWhose . soul . in . heaven . is . preferr'dAftwher . grandson . lost . his . breathShe . soon . svrrender'd . vnto . death.]K eeping . no . certaine . placeA dict . your . selues . unto . his . conuersationY our . purchase . heaven . for . your . habitation."

"Christopher Kay,Buried October the 23d,Anno Dom. 1689.[Mrs. Jane Nichollson,Bu. June the 4th, 1690.]

"Christopher Kay,

Buried October the 23d,

Anno Dom. 1689.

[Mrs. Jane Nichollson,

Bu. June the 4th, 1690.]

C onfined . in . a . bed . of . dustH ere . doth . a . body . lyeR aised . again . it . will . I . trvstI nto . the . Heavens . highS in . not . bvt . have . a . careT o . make . yovr . calling . svreO mit . those . things . which . trivial . areP rise . that . we . will . indureH ange . not . your . mind . on . secular . thingsE ach . one . doth . fade . apaceR iches . the . chief . of . we . hath . wings.

C onfined . in . a . bed . of . dust

H ere . doth . a . body . lye

R aised . again . it . will . I . trvst

I nto . the . Heavens . high

S in . not . bvt . have . a . care

T o . make . yovr . calling . svre

O mit . those . things . which . trivial . are

P rise . that . we . will . indure

H ange . not . your . mind . on . secular . things

E ach . one . doth . fade . apace

R iches . the . chief . of . we . hath . wings.

[A . Matron . grave . is . here . interr'dWhose . soul . in . heaven . is . preferr'dAftwher . grandson . lost . his . breathShe . soon . svrrender'd . vnto . death.]

[A . Matron . grave . is . here . interr'd

Whose . soul . in . heaven . is . preferr'd

Aftwher . grandson . lost . his . breath

She . soon . svrrender'd . vnto . death.]

K eeping . no . certaine . placeA dict . your . selues . unto . his . conuersationY our . purchase . heaven . for . your . habitation."

K eeping . no . certaine . place

A dict . your . selues . unto . his . conuersation

Y our . purchase . heaven . for . your . habitation."

This, it will be seen, is an acrostic: the lines between brackets are insertions.

Wm. Procter.

York.

Derivation of Lowbell(Vol. vii., p. 181.).—In my younger days I frequently had occasion to draw out (from old established precedent) the form of an appointment, by the lord, of a gamekeeper for a manor, in which the latter was authorised and required to seize and destroy all and all manner of gins, snares, springs, &c., including a dozen or more technical words, one of which was "lowbells." The manors in question were in Dorsetshire and Somersetshire, but I doubt not but that the same form was adopted in other counties in various parts of England. Being strongly impressed with the familiarity of the word on reading H. T. W.'s Note, I was induced to refer to Johnson'sDictionary, where I find my own notion fully borne out as follows:

"Lowbell.—A kind of fowling in the night, in which the birds are wakened by a bell and lured by a flame."

At this moment I have only the abridged edition (3rd edition, 1766) to refer to, and that does not give any reference or authority for the definition in question. I would observe, however, that I believe "loke" is either a Saxon or Scandinavian word, signifying a flame or firebrand, which, coupled with "bell," fully bears out the definition, and I think sufficiently accounts for the term "lowbelling" in H. T. W.'s Note, as the offender might have been greeted with bells and firebrands in lieu of the "tin pots and kettles," or by way of addition to them.

May not this also serve to explain what is considered as a puzzling term in Beaumont and Fletcher? Lowell being nothing more nor less than a snare, may not "Peace, gentle lowbell," mean "Peace, gentle ensnarer?"

M. H.

The Negative given to the Demand of the Clergy at Merton(Vol. vii., p. 17.).—Warburton agrees with Bishop Hurd on this subject, for he observes as follows, in one of his letters (the 84th), that—

"At a parliament under Henry III., 'Rogaverunt omnes Episcopi ut consentirent quod nati ante matrimonium essent legitimi, et omnes Comites et Barones una voce responderunt quod nolunt leges Angliæ mutari.' This famous answer has been quoted a thousand and a thousand times, and yet nobody seems to have understood the management. The bishops, as partizans of the Pope, were for subjecting England to the imperial and papal laws, and therefore began with a circumstance most to the taste of the Barons. The Barons smelt the contrivance; and rejected a proposition most agreeable to them, for fear of the consequences, the introduction of the imperial laws, whose very genius and essence was arbitrary despotic power. Their answer shows it: 'Nolumus leges Angliæ mutari:' they had nothing to object to the reform, but they were afraid for the constitution."

C. I. R.

Nugget(Vol. vi., pp. 171. 281.; Vol. vii., p.143.).—T. K. arrogantly sets aside the etymology of W. S.; and, in lieu of the Persiannugudof the latter, would have us believe thatnuggetis nothing more than a Yankee corruption ofan ingot. Ihold with W. S. notwithstanding, and so will all who have had any dealings with theBengalees: the termnuggut pisabeing with them a common one for "hard cash;" and as the Hindostanee language is largely indebted to the Persian, the derivation of W. S. is no doubt correct. To account for its occurrence in Australia, it is only necessary to say that that country has been for some years past asanatariumfor the debilitatedQui Hye's, many of whom have settled there; and becoming interested in the "diggings," have given the significant term ofnuggutto what has in reality turned outhard cash, both to them and to certain lucky gentlemen in this city—holders of the script of the "GreatNuggutVein" of Australia.

J. O.

Blackguard(Vol. vii., p. 77.).—It may, in some degree, support the first portion of the argument so interestingly stated bySir J. Emerson Tennentrespecting the derivation of this term, to record that, in my youth, when at school at the New Academy in Edinburgh, some five or six-and-twenty years ago, I used frequently to be engaged, with my schoolfellows, in regular pitched battles, technically called by usbickers, with the town boys, consisting chiefly of butchers' and bakers' boys, whom we were accustomed to designate asthe blackguards, without, I am sure, ever attaching to that word the more opprobrious meaning which it now generally bears; but only indicating by it those of a lower rank in life than ourselves,the gentlemen.

May I venture to add, that whilst the former portion ofSir J. E. Tennent'sNote seems to me to be fully satisfactory in proof that the termblackguardis originally derived from the ancient appellation of menials employed in the lowest and most dirty offices of a great household, and that it is thus purely English,—the last two paragraphs, on the other hand, appear to advocate an unnecessary and far-fetched derivation of the word from the French, and which, I humbly conceive, the true sense of the alleged roots,blague,blaguer,blagueur, by no means justifies; it being impossible to admit that these are, in any sort, "corresponding terms" withblackguard.

G. W. R. Gordon.

Stockholm.

Long and anxiously has the reading public been looking for Mr. Layard's account of his further discoveries in Nineveh and Babylon. That account has at length appeared in one large octavo volume, under the title ofDiscoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, with Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan, and the Desert, being the result of a Second Expedition undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum, byAusten H. Layard, M.P., and is enriched with maps, plans, and woodcut illustrations, to the extent of some hundreds. And on examining it we find that the vast amount of new light which Mr. Layard's discoveries in the wide and hitherto untilled field of Assyrian antiquities had already thrown on Sacred History, is increased to a great extent by those further researches, of which the details are now given to the public. With his ready powers of observation, and his talent for graphic description, Mr. Layard's book, as a mere volume of travels over a country of such interest, would well repay perusal: but when we find in addition, as we do in every page and line, fresh and startling illustration of the truth of Holy Writ—when we have put before us such pictures of what Nineveh and Babylon must have been, and find, as we do, men distinguished in every branch of learning lending their assistance to turn Mr. Layard's discoveries to the best account, we feel we cannot be too loud in our praises of Mr. Layard's zeal, energy, and judgment, or too grateful to Mr. Murray for giving us at once the results which those qualities have enabled Mr. Layard to gain for us, in so cheap, complete, yet fully embellished a form.

The blockade of Mainz was not a bad day for the already world-renowned story ofReynard the Fox, since that led Göthe to dress the old fable up again in his musical hexameters, and so give it new popularity. From Göthe's version a very able and spirited English paraphrase is now in the course of publication. We say paraphrase, because the author ofReynard the Fox, after the German version of Göthe, with illustrations byJ. Wolf, takes as his motto the very significant but appropriate description which Göthe gave of his own work, "Zwischen Uebersetzung und Umarbeitung schwebend." However, the version is a very pleasant one, and the illustrations are characteristic and in good taste.

AnAntiquarian Photographic Club, for the exchange among its members of photographs of objects of antiquarian interest, on the principle of theAntiquarian Etching Club, is in the course of formation.

Books Received.—The Family Shakspeare, in which nothing is added to the original Text, but those words and expressions are omitted which cannot with propriety be read in a Family, byT. Bowdler, Vol. V., containing Troilus and Cressida, Coriolanus, Julius Cæsar, Antony and Cleopatra, and Cymbeline.—The new volume of Bohn'sStandard Librarycontains the eighth and concluding volume of theHistory of the Christian Church, as published by Neander. The publisher holds out a prospect of a translation of the posthumous volume compiled from Neander's Papers by Dr. Schneider, and with it of a general index to the whole work.—The Physical and Metaphysical Works of Lord Bacon, including his Dignity and Advancement of Learning, in Nine Books, and his Novum Organum, or Precepts for the Interpretation of Nature, by Joseph Devey, M.A., forms the new volume of Bohn'sScientific Library.

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Gmelin's Handbook of Chemistry.Inorganic Part.

Archæologia.Vols. III., IV., V., VI., VII., VIII., X., XXVII., XXVIII., unbound.

The History of Shenstone, by theRev. H. Saunders. 4to. London, 1794.

Lubbock's Elementary Treatise on the Tides.

Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London.Vol. I., and Parts I. and II. of Vol. II.

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Swift's Works.Dublin: G. Faulkner. 19 Vols. 8vo. 1768. Vol. I.

Pursuit of Knowledge under Difficulties.Original Edition. Vol. I.

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The Christian Magazine.Vol. for 1763.

Pro Matrimonio Principis cum defunctæ Uxoris Sorore contracto Responsum Juris Collegii Jurisconsultorum in Academia Rintelensi(circa 1655).

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***Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send their names.

***Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,carriage free, to be sent toMr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.

Ω.Φ.The volume referred to is the well-known reprint of the First Edition of Shakspeare.

Tyro.How can we address a letter to this Correspondent?

A. C. W.Theyolkof an Egg is theyelk,or yellow of the egg. In Beaumont and Fletcher'sWife for a Monthit is so written:

"like to poach'd eggs,That had theyelksuck'd out."

"like to poach'd eggs,

That had theyelksuck'd out."

See Richardson'sDictionary, s. v.

Jarltzberg.The nameRadicalis only an abbreviated form ofRadical Reformer,which was the title originally assumed by the political party now known asRadicals.

C. E. B. (M.D.) Dublin.The Query shall be immediately inserted, if forwarded. The former does not appear to have been received.

Recnac.Douce(Illustrations of Shakspeare, vol. i. p. 301.),speaking of the passage"Sans teeth, sans eyes,"&c., shows that the wordsans,introduced into our language as early as the time of Chaucer, has sometimes received on the stage a French pronunciation, which in the time of Shakspeare it certainly had not.

H. Henderson(Glasgow).Glass may be cemented for Photographic Baths, &c. with sealing-wax. We think our Correspondent would find Dr. Diamond's Collodion Process far simpler than that which he is following.

Replies to Photographic Queristsnext week.

Mr. Weld Taylor'sCheap Method of Iodizing Paperin our next Number.

Gookins of Ireland, and Bitton, Gloucestershire(Vol. vi., p. 239.).—Will J. F. F. allow me the favour of his address, to enable me to transmit to him some papers relating to the Gookins? He will much obligeH. T. Ellacombe.—Clyst St. George, Devon.

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JOURNAL OF THE PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.

Contents.

Introductory Remarks.—Inaugural Meeting of the Society.—Proceedings at the First Ordinary Meeting.—Papers read: 1. Sir William J. Newton upon Photography in an Artistic View; 2. Mr. R. Fenton on the Objects of the Photographic Society; 3. Dr. J. Percy on the Waxed-Paper Process.—Review and Correspondence.

No. II. will be published on the last day of this Month.

TAYLOR & FRANCIS, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street.

BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and 4l.Thermometers from 1s.each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,

65. CHEAPSIDE.

ROSS'S PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAIT AND LANDSCAPE LENSES.—These lenses give correct definition at the centre and margin of the picture, and have their visual and chemical acting foci coincident.

Great Exhibition Jurors' Reports, p. 274.

"Mr. Ross prepares lenses for Portraiture having the greatest intensity yet produced, by procuring the coincidence of the chemical actinic and visual rays. The spherical aberration is also very carefully corrected, both in the central and oblique pencils."

"Mr. Ross has exhibited the best Camera in the Exhibition. It if furnished with a double achromatic object-lens, about three inches aperture. There is no stop, the field is flat, and the image very perfect up to the edge."

Catalogues sent upon Application.

A. ROSS, 2. Featherstone Buildings, High Holborn.

TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.—MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he has now made arrangements for printing Calotypes in large or small quantities, either from Paper or Glass Negatives. Gentlemen who are desirous of having good impressions of their works, may see specimens of Mr. Delamotte's Printing at his own residence, 38. Chepstow Place, Bayswater, or at

MR. GEORGE BELL'S, 186. Fleet Street.

PHOTOGRAPHY.—XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, prepared solely by R. W. THOMAS, has now obtained an European fame; it supersedes the use of all other preparations of Collodion. Witness the subjoined Testimonial.

"122. Regent Street"Dear Sir,—In answer to your inquiry of this morning, I have no hesitation in saying that your preparation of Collodion is incomparably better and more sensitive than all the advertised Collodio-Iodides, which, for my professional purposes, are quite useless when compared to yours."I remain, dear Sir,"Yours faithfully,"N. Henneman.Aug. 30. 1852.to Mr. R.W. Thomas."

"122. Regent Street

"Dear Sir,—In answer to your inquiry of this morning, I have no hesitation in saying that your preparation of Collodion is incomparably better and more sensitive than all the advertised Collodio-Iodides, which, for my professional purposes, are quite useless when compared to yours.

"I remain, dear Sir,"Yours faithfully,"N. Henneman.Aug. 30. 1852.to Mr. R.W. Thomas."

"I remain, dear Sir,"Yours faithfully,"N. Henneman.

"I remain, dear Sir,

"Yours faithfully,

"N. Henneman.

Aug. 30. 1852.to Mr. R.W. Thomas."

Aug. 30. 1852.

to Mr. R.W. Thomas."

MR. R. W. THOMAS begs most earnestly to caution photographers against purchasing impure chemicals, which are now too frequently sold at very low prices. It is to this cause nearly always that their labours are unattended with success.

Chemicals of absolute purity, especially prepared for this art, may be obtained from R. W. THOMAS, Chemist and Professor of Photography, 10. Pall Mall.

N.B.—The name of Mr. T.'s preparation, Xylo-Iodide of Silver, is made use of by unprincipled persons. To prevent imposition each bottle is stamped with a red label bearing the maker's signature.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.—A Selection of the above beautiful Productions may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in all its Branches.

Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.

PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHY.—Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who published the application of this agent (seeAthenæum, Aug. 14th). Their Collodion (price 9d.per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.

Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s.4d.,

The WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. Translated from the French.

Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated Lenses for Portraits and Views.

General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères', La Croix, and other Talbotype Papers.

Pure Photographic Chemicals.

Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.—Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.

Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. Paternoster Row, London.

3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.

Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

Trustees.—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.,Physician.—William Rich. Basham, M.D.Bankers.—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in three-fourths of the Profits:—

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s.6d., Second Edition, with material additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.

ESTABLISHED 1841.

AND

25. PALL MALL.

During the last Ten Years, this Society has issued more thanFour Thousand One Hundred and Fifty Policies—

Covering Assurances to the extent ofOne Million Six Hundred and Eighty-seven Thousand Pounds, and upwards—

Yielding Annual Premiums amounting toSeventy-three Thousand Pounds.

This Society is the only one possessing Tables for the Assurance of Diseased Lives.

Healthy Lives Assured at Home and Abroad at lower rates than at most other Offices.

A Bonus of 50 per cent. on the premiums paid was added to the policies at last Division of Profits.

Next Division in 1853—in which all Policies effected before 30th June, 1853, will participate.

Agents wanted for vacant places.

Prospectuses, Forms of Proposal, and every other information, may be obtained of the Secretary at the Chief Office, or on application to any of the Society's Agents in the country.

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