PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Azure-crested.Cowper.Bewailing.Drummond.Chaunting.Skelton.Chaste poet.Grainger.Dappled.Anon.[2]Darling.Carey.Daulian minstrel.Herrick.Delightful.Shelley.Dusky-brown.Trench.Early.C. Smith.Elegiac.Dibdin.Enamoured.Shelley.Fabled.Byron.Fair.Smart.Greeful.[3]Lodge.Gurgling.Lloyd.Hallow'd.Moore.Hundred-throated.Tennyson.Invisible.Hurdis.Lesbian.Bromley.Love-learned.Thomson.Love-sick.Warton.Loud-complaining.Gibbons.Lulling.Anon.[4]Lute-tongued.Anon.[5]Mellow.Strangford.Midnight minstrel.Logan.Moody.Hurdis.Nightly.Bidlake.Pandionian.Drummond.Panged.Hood.Pitiful.Herrick.Plaintful.Drummond.Quavering.Poole.Querulous.Kennedy.Rapturous.Southey.Rural.Dryden.Sable.[6]Drummond.Sadly-pleasing.[7]Anon.Secret.Shelley.Sely.Chaucer.Sequestered.J. Montgomery.Shy.Dallas.Silver-tuned.Carey.Simple.Derrick.Sobbing.Planché.Soft-tuned.Whaley.Solitary.Bowring.Sorrow-soothing.Shaw.Sprightly.Elton.Sweet-breasted.Beaumont and Fletcher.Sweet-tongued.Anon.[8]Sylvan syren.Pattison.Tearful.Potter.Tenderest.Wiffen.Thracian.Lewis.Transporting.Hurdis.Unadorned.Hurdis.Unhappy.Croxall.Watchful.Philips.Witching.Proctor.Woodland.Smith.Wretched.Shirley.Wronged.P. Fletcher.Yearly.Drayton.Young.Lewis.

Azure-crested.Cowper.

Bewailing.Drummond.

Chaunting.Skelton.

Chaste poet.Grainger.

Dappled.Anon.[2]

Darling.Carey.

Daulian minstrel.Herrick.

Delightful.Shelley.

Dusky-brown.Trench.

Early.C. Smith.

Elegiac.Dibdin.

Enamoured.Shelley.

Fabled.Byron.

Fair.Smart.

Greeful.[3]Lodge.

Gurgling.Lloyd.

Hallow'd.Moore.

Hundred-throated.Tennyson.

Invisible.Hurdis.

Lesbian.Bromley.

Love-learned.Thomson.

Love-sick.Warton.

Loud-complaining.Gibbons.

Lulling.Anon.[4]

Lute-tongued.Anon.[5]

Mellow.Strangford.

Midnight minstrel.Logan.

Moody.Hurdis.

Nightly.Bidlake.

Pandionian.Drummond.

Panged.Hood.

Pitiful.Herrick.

Plaintful.Drummond.

Quavering.Poole.

Querulous.Kennedy.

Rapturous.Southey.

Rural.Dryden.

Sable.[6]Drummond.

Sadly-pleasing.[7]Anon.

Secret.Shelley.

Sely.Chaucer.

Sequestered.J. Montgomery.

Shy.Dallas.

Silver-tuned.Carey.

Simple.Derrick.

Sobbing.Planché.

Soft-tuned.Whaley.

Solitary.Bowring.

Sorrow-soothing.Shaw.

Sprightly.Elton.

Sweet-breasted.Beaumont and Fletcher.

Sweet-tongued.Anon.[8]

Sylvan syren.Pattison.

Tearful.Potter.

Tenderest.Wiffen.

Thracian.Lewis.

Transporting.Hurdis.

Unadorned.Hurdis.

Unhappy.Croxall.

Watchful.Philips.

Witching.Proctor.

Woodland.Smith.

Wretched.Shirley.

Wronged.P. Fletcher.

Yearly.Drayton.

Young.Lewis.

The character of the mere song alone has been described in the following terms:

Melodious lay.Potter.Lofty song.Yalden.A storm of sound.Shelley.Impressive lay.Merry.Swelling slow.Kirk White.Tremulously slow.C. Smith.Wild melody.Shelley.Thick melodious note.Lloyd.Hymn of lore.Logan.Melting lay.Henley.Harmonious woe.Pomfret.Well-tuned warble.Shakspeare.Luscious lays.Warton.Sadly sweet.Potter.Varied strains.Pope.Thick-warbled notes.Milton.

Melodious lay.Potter.

Lofty song.Yalden.

A storm of sound.Shelley.

Impressive lay.Merry.

Swelling slow.Kirk White.

Tremulously slow.C. Smith.

Wild melody.Shelley.

Thick melodious note.Lloyd.

Hymn of lore.Logan.

Melting lay.Henley.

Harmonious woe.Pomfret.

Well-tuned warble.Shakspeare.

Luscious lays.Warton.

Sadly sweet.Potter.

Varied strains.Pope.

Thick-warbled notes.Milton.

W. Pinkerton.

Ham.

Footnote 2:(return)Blackwood's Mag., Jan. 1838.Footnote 3:(return)"I regard the prettie, greeful bardWith tearfull, yet delightfull, notes complaine."—Heliconia.Footnote 4:(return)Lays of the Minnesingers.Footnote 5:(return)Weekly Visitor, July, 1835.Footnote 6:(return)"Night's sable birds, which plain when others sleep."—Thaumantia.Footnote 7:(return)Evening Elegy.—Poetical Calendar.Footnote 8:(return)Harleian Miscellany, vol. viii.

Blackwood's Mag., Jan. 1838.

"I regard the prettie, greeful bardWith tearfull, yet delightfull, notes complaine."—Heliconia.

"I regard the prettie, greeful bard

With tearfull, yet delightfull, notes complaine."—Heliconia.

Lays of the Minnesingers.

Weekly Visitor, July, 1835.

"Night's sable birds, which plain when others sleep."—Thaumantia.

Evening Elegy.—Poetical Calendar.

Harleian Miscellany, vol. viii.

Photographic Exhibition.—We understand that the Photographic Society has made arrangements for an exhibition of photographs in the metropolis during the months of January and February next. The exhibition will not be confined to the works of native photographers, but will comprise specimens of the most eminent foreign artists, who have been specially invited to contribute. From the advances which have been made in this favourite art, even since the recent exhibition in the rooms of the Society of Arts, we may confidently anticipate that the display on the present occasion will be one of the highest interest.

How much Light is obstructed by a Lens?—Can any of your scientific correspondents furnish me with an approximation to the quantity of light which is transmitted through an ordinary double achromatic lens, say of Ross, Voightlander, or any other celebrated maker?

Lux.

Stereoscopic Articles.—I cannot agree to my opponent's assumed amendment (?) (Vol. viii., p. 419.)space, for the simple reason that it would be virtually abandoning the whole of the points in dispute between us; when farther discussion and more mature consideration, only tend to convince me more firmly of the correctness of the propositions I have advocated, viz.:

1st. That circumstancesmayanddoarise in which a better result is obtained in producing stereographs, when the chord of the angle of generation is more or less than 2½ inches.

2nd. That the positions of the camera shouldnotbe parallel but radial.

I certainly thought that I had, as I intended, expressed the fact that I treat the camerasprecisely as two eyes, and moreover I still contend that they should be so treated; my object being to present to each eyeexactly such a picture and in such a direction as would be presented under certain circumstances. The plane of delineation being a flat, instead of a curved surface, has nothing whatever to do with this point, because the curves of the retinas are not portions of one curve having a common centre, but each having its own centre in the axis of the pupil. That a plane surface for receiving the image is not so good as a spherical one would be, is not disputed; but this observation applies to photographsuniversally, and is only put up with as the lesser of two evils. A plane surface necessarily contracts the field of view to such a space as could be cut out of the periphery of a hollow sphere, the versed sine of which bears but a small ratio to its chord.

There is another misunderstanding into which my opponent has fallen, viz. the part of the object to be delineated, which should form the centre of radiation, is not the most contiguous visible point, but the most remote principal point of observation. I perceive that this is the case from two illustrations he was kind enough to forward me, being stereographs of aT-squaresquare, placed with the points of junction towards the observer, and the tail receding from him; and in one case the angle of the square is made the centre of radiation, and while its distance from the camera is only six feet, the points of delineation are no less than three feet apart.

To push an argument to the extreme to test its value, is quite right; but this goes far beyond the extreme, if I may be allowed such a very Hibernian expression.

No object, however minute, can be clearly seen if brought nearer to the eyes than a certain point, because it will be what is technically called out of focus. It is true that this point differs in different individuals, but theaverage distanceof healthy vision is 10 inches. Now, adoptingMr. Merritt'sown standard of 2½ inches between the eyes, it is clear that supposing the central point had been rightly selected, the distance between the cameras wasonly doublewhat might have been taken an extreme distance. It is scarcely necessary to suggest what a person devoid of taste (in which category I am no doubt included) might do in producing monstrosities by adopting the radial method, as such an one is not very likely to produce good results at all.

I now address myself to another accusation. It is quite true that I am unacquainted with thescholastic dogmasof perspective, but equally true that I am familiar withthe factsthereof, as any one must be who has studied optical and geometrical science generally; and while I concur in the propositions as enunciated for a one-eyed picture, I by no means agree to the assumption that the "vanishing points," in the two stereographs taken radially with the necessary precautions, "would be so far apart, that they could not in the stereoscope flow into one;" on the contrary, direct experiment shows me, what reason also suggests, that they do flow into one ascompletely as in nature when viewed by both eyes.

I put the proposition thus, because I do not hesitate to avow that in nature, as interpreted by binocular vision, these points do notabsolutely, but only approximately, flowinto one; otherwise one eye would be as effective as two.

I have not the smallest objection to my views being considered "false to art," as, alas! her fidelity to nature is by no means beyond suspicion.

Lastly, as to the model-like appearance of stereographs taken at a large angle, for the fact I need only refer the objector to most of the beautiful foreign views now so abundant in our opticians' shops: for the reason, is it not palpable that increasing the width of the eyes is analogous to decreasing the size of the object? and if naturally we cannot "perceive at one view three sides of a cake, two heads of a drum, nor any other like absurdity," it is only because we do not use objects sufficientlysmallto permit us to do so. Even while I am writing this, I have before me a small rectangular inkholder about 1¼ inches square, and distant from my eyes about one foot, in which the very absurd phenomenon complained of does exist, the front, top, andbothsides being perfectly visible at once: and being one of those obstinate fellows who will persist in judging personally from experience if possible, I fear I shall be found incorrigible on the points on which your correspondent has so kindly endeavoured to enlighten me.

Geo. Shadbolt.

To introduce Clouds(Vol. viii., p. 451.) as desired by your correspondentΣ., the negative must be treated in the sky by solution of cyanide of potassium laid on in the form desired with a camel's hair pencil. This discharges a portion of the reduced silver, and allows the light to penetrate; but great care is required to stop the action by well washing in water before the process has gone too far. White clouds are produced by painting them in with a black pigment mixed in size.

Geo. Shadbolt.

Death of Edward II.(Vol. viii., p. 387.).—P. C. S. S. has noticed with considerable surprise the very strange assertion ofMr. C. M. Inglebywith reference to the murder of Edward II. at Berkeley Castle, viz. that "Echard and Rapin are silent, both as to the event and the locality." IfMr. Inglebywill again refer to Echard (vol. i. p. 341., edit. 1718) and to Rapin (vol. iii. p. 147., edit. 1749), he will perceive that the two historians record "both the event and the locality."

Mr. Inglebydid not perhaps consider that the transaction in question took place during the reign of Edward III.; and is, therefore, not to be sought for at the close of that of EdwardII.(where probablyMr. C. M. Inglebylooked for it), but among the occurrences in the time of EdwardIII.Mr. C. M. Inglebywill assuredly find it there, not only in Echard and Rapin, but in every other History of England since the date of the "event."

P. C. S. S.

Luther no Iconoclast(Vol. viii., p. 335.).—An occasional contributor wishes the Editor to note down this Query. What could have led your correspondentJ. G. Fitchto use so peculiarly inappropriate a synonym for Martin Luther as "the great Iconoclast?" Has he any historical evidence for Luther's breaking a single image?

It is not to defend Luther, but to point out a defect in his teaching, as it is regarded by the adherents of other Protestant churches, that Dr. Maclaine has said, in his note on BookIV. ch. i. § 18. of Mosheim:

"It is evident, from several passages in the writings of Luther, that he was by no means averse to the use of images, but that, on the contrary, he looked upon them as adapted to excite and animate the devotion of the people."

Mosheim, and Merle D'Aubigné, and probably any other historian of the Reformation in Germany, may be cited as witnesses for the notorious fact, that Carlstadt excited the citizens of Wittemberg to break the images in their churches when Luther was concealed in the Castle of Wartburg, and that he rebuked and checked these proceedings on his return. See Mosheim, as cited before, or D'Aubigné, bookIX.ch. vii. and viii.

H. W.

Rev. Urban Vigors(Vol. viii., p. 340.).—My great-great-grandmother was a sister of Bishop Vigors, who was consecrated to the see of Leighlin and Ferns, March 8, 1690. He, I know, was a near relative of the Rev. Urban Vigors. An Urban Vigors of Ballycormack, co. Wexford, also married my great-great-aunt, a Miss Thomas, sister of Vigors Thomas, Esq., of Limerick. I should, equally with your correspondent Y. S. M., wish to know any particulars of the "Vigors" family; and should be delighted to enter into correspondence with him.

W. Sloane Sloane-Evans.

Cornworthy Vicarage, Totnes.

Portrait of Baretti(Vol.VIII., p. 411.).—In reply toMr. G. R. Corner'sQuery regarding Sir Joshua Reynolds' picture of Baretti, I can give him the information he requires.

This very interesting portrait is now at my brother's, Holland House, Kensington.

My late father, Lord Holland, had a pretty picture of the late Lord Hertford's mother (I believe), or some near relation of his. Not being connected with that family, my father offered it to Lord Hertford, leaving it to his lordship to give him such picture as he might choose in exchange. Some time afterwards this portrait of Baretti was sent, and was much prized and admired. It represents Baretti reading a small book, which he holds close to his face with both hands; he is in a white coat, and the whole carries with it a certainty of resemblance. This occurred about twenty-five years ago. Perhaps it may interest your readers to learn that our distinguishedpainter, Watts, painted for my brother, Lord Holland, a portrait of another distinguished Italian, Mr. Panizzi, and pendant to the former. He is represented leaning forward and writing, and the likeness is very striking.

C. Fox.

Addison Road.

Passage in Sophocles.—In Vol. viii., p. 73., appears an article byMr. Buckton, in which he quotes the following conclusion of a passage in Sophocles:

"Ὅτῳ φρέναςΘεὸς ἄγει πρὸς ἄταν·Πράσσειν δ' ὀλιγοστὸν χρόνον ἐκτὸς ἄτας."

"Ὅτῳ φρένας

Θεὸς ἄγει πρὸς ἄταν·

Πράσσειν δ' ὀλιγοστὸν χρόνον ἐκτὸς ἄτας."

This,πέτρῳ στάθμην ἁρμόζων, he translates,—

"Whose mind the God leads to destruction;but that he(the God) practises this a short time without destroying such an one."

But for the Italics it might have been an oversight: they would seem to imply he has some authority for his translation. I have no edition of Sophocles by me to discover, but surely no critical scholar can acquiesce in it. The onlyactivesense ofπράσσεινI remember at the moment isto exact. It surely should be translated, "And he, whom the God so leads toἄτη,faresaveryshort time without it." The best translation ofἄτηis, perhaps,infatuation. Moreover, how is the above translation reconciled with the very superlativeὀλίγοστον?

Brothers of the same Name(Vol. viii., p. 338.).—It is not unusual in old pedigrees to find two brothers or two sisters with the same Christian name; but it is unusual to find more than two living at the same time with only one Christian name between them: this, however, occurs in the family of Gawdy of Gawdy Hall, Norfolk. Thos. Gawdy married three wives, and by each had a son Thomas. The eldest was a serjeant-at-law, and died in 1556. The second was a judge of the Queen's Bench, and died in November, 1587 or 1588. The third is known as Sir Francis Gawdy, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas; but he also was baptized by the name of Thomas. Lord Coke, who succeeded him as Chief Justice, says (Co. Lit. 3. a.):

"If a man be baptized by the name of Thomas, and after at his confirmation by the bishop he is named John, he may purchase by his name of confirmation; and this was the case of Sir Francis Gawdie, late C. J. of C. B., whose name of baptism was Thomas, and his name of confirmation Francis; and that name of Francis, by the advice of all the judges in anno 36 Henry VIII. (1544-5), he did bear and after used in all his purchases and grants."

The opportunity afforded by the Roman Catholic Church of thus changing the baptismal name may help to account for this practice, which probably arose from a desire to continue the particular name in the family. If one of two sons with the same name of baptism died in childhood, the other continued the name: if both lived, one of them might change his name at confirmation. There is no name given at confirmation according to the form of the Church of England.

F. B.

High Dutch and Low Dutch(Vol. viii., p. 413.).—Considerable misapprehension appears to have arisen with regard to these expressions, from the fact of the German wordDeutschbeing sometimes erroneously understood to mean Dutch. But German scholars very well know that in Germany nothing is more common than to speak ofHoch DeutschandNieder Deutsch(High German and Low German), as applied respectively to that language when grammatically spoken and correctly pronounced, and to the bad grammar and worse pronunciation indulged in by many of the provincials, and also by the lower class of people in some of the towns where High German is supposed to prevail. Thus, for examples Dresden is regarded as the head-quarters ofHoch Deutsch, because there the language is spoken and pronounced with the most purity: Berlin, also, as regards the well-educated classes, boasts of theHoch Deutsch; but the common people (das Volk) of the Prussian capital indulge in a dialect calledNieder Deutsch, and speak and pronounce the language as though they were natives of some remote province. Now, the instance of Berlin I take to be a striking illustration of the meaning of these expressions, as both examples are comprised in the case of this city.

The German word for "German" isDeutsch; for "Dutch" the German isHolländisch; and I presume it is from the similarity ofDeutschandDutchthat this common error is so frequently committed. For the future let it be remembered, thatDutchis a term which has no relation whatever to German; and that "High German" is that language spoken and written in its purity, "Low German" all the dialects and mispronunciations which do not come up to the standard of correctness.

James Spence Harry.

8. Arthur Street.

Translations of the Prayer Book into French(Vol. vii., p. 382.; Vol. viii., p. 343.).—Besides the editions already mentioned, a 4to. one was published at London in 1689, printed by R. Everingham, and sold by R. Bentley and M. Magnes. Prefixed to it is the placet of the king, dated 6th October, 1662, with the subsequent approbation of Stradling, chaplain to Gilbert (Sheldon), Bishop of London, dated 6th April, 1663.

It seems ("N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 92.) that acopy is in the British Museum; one is also in my possession.

I presume that there were other editions between the years 1663 and 1689.

H. P.

Divining-rod(Vol. viii., p. 293.).—For a full account of the divining rod seeLa Physique occulte, ou Traité de la Baguette Divinatoire, &c., par Père L. de Vallemont, a work by no means uncommon, having passed through several editions. Mine is "à Paris, chez Jean Boudot, avec priv. 1709, in 12o. avec figures," with the addition of a "Traité de la Connoissance des Causes Magnétiques, &c., par un Curieux."

A Cornish lady informs me that the Cornish miners to this day use the divining-rod in the way represented in fig. 1. of the above-mentioned work.

R. J. R.

In the 351st number of theMonthly Magazine, dated March 1st, 1821, there is a letter to the editor from W. Partridge, dated Boxbridge, Gloucester, giving several instances of his having successfully used the divining-rod for the purpose of discovering water. He says the gift is not possessed by more than one in two thousand, and attributes the power to electricity. Those persons in whose hands it will work must possess a redundancy of that fluid. He also states that metals are discovered by the same means.

K. B.

Slow-worm Superstition(Vol. vii., p. 33.).—The belief that the slow-worm cannot die until sunset prevails in Dorsetshire. In the New Forest the same superstition exists with regard to the brown adder. Walking in the heathy country between Beaulieu and Christ Church I saw a very large snake of this kind, recently beaten to death by the peasant boys, and on remarking that the lower jaw continued to move convulsively, I was told it would do so "till the moon was up."

An aged woman, now deceased, who had when young been severely bitten by a snake, told me she always felt a severe pain and swelling near where the wound had been, on the anniversary of the occurrence. Is this common? and can it be accounted for?

W. E.

Pimperne, Dorset.

Ravailliac(Vol. viii., p. 219.).—The destruction of the pyramid erected at Paris upon the murder of Henry IV., is mentioned by Thuanus,Hist., lib. 134. cap. 9. In your correspondent's Query,Thesaur.is, I presume, misprinted for Thuan.

B. J.

Lines on the Institution of the Garter(Vol. viii., p. 182.).—A. B. R. says, "as also from the proverbial expression used in Scotland, and to be found in Scott'sWorks, of 'casting a leggin girth,' as synonymous with a female 'faux pas.'" I may mention to your correspondent (if he is not already aware) that the expression is taken from Allan Ramsay's continuation ofChrist's Kirk on the Green(edit. Leith, 1814, 1 vol. p. 101.):

"Or bairns can read, they first maun spell,I learn'd this frae my mammy;Andcoost a legen girthmysell,Lang or I married Tammie."

"Or bairns can read, they first maun spell,

I learn'd this frae my mammy;

Andcoost a legen girthmysell,

Lang or I married Tammie."

and is explained by the author in a note, "Like a tub that loses one of its bottom hoops." In the west of Scotland the phrase is now restricted to a young woman who has had an illegitimate child, or what is more commonly termed "a misfortune," and it is probable never had another meaning.Legenorleggenis not understood to have any affinity in its etymology to the wordleg, but islaggen, that part of the staves which projects from the bottom of the barrel, or of the child'sluggie, out of which he sups his oatmealparritch; and thegirth,gird, or hoop, that by which the vessel at this particular place is firmest bound together. Burns makes a fine and emphatic use of the wordlaggenin the "Birthday Address," in speaking of the "Royal lasses dainty" (Cunninghame, edit. 1826, vol. ii. p. 329.):

"God bless you a', consider now,Ye're unco muckle dantet:But ere the course o' life be thro'It may be bitter santet.An I hae seen their coggie fou,That yet hae tarrow't at it;But or the day was done, I trow,Thelaggenthey hae clautet."

"God bless you a', consider now,

Ye're unco muckle dantet:

But ere the course o' life be thro'

It may be bitter santet.

An I hae seen their coggie fou,

That yet hae tarrow't at it;

But or the day was done, I trow,

Thelaggenthey hae clautet."

which means, that at last, whether through pride, hunger, or long fasting, the appetite had become so keen, that all, even to the last particle of theparritch, wasclautet,scartit, or scraped from the bottom of thecoggie, and to its inmost recesses surrounded by thelaggen girth. Of the motto of the garter, "Honi soit qui mal y pense," I have heard a burlesque translation known but to few, in "Honeys sweet quo' Mally Spence," synonymous with Proverbs, chap. ix. verse 17: "Stolen waters are sweet, and breadeatenin secret is pleasant."

G. N.

Passage in Bacon(Vol. viii., p. 303.).—I had, partly from inadvertence, and partly from a belief that a tautology would be created by a recurrence to the idea of death, after the words "mortis terrore carentem," in the preceding line, understood the verse in question to mean, "which regards length of life as the last of Nature's gifts." On reconsideration, however, I do not doubt that the received interpretation, which makesspatium extremumequivalent tofinem, is the correct one.

What Day is it at our Antipodes?(Vol. viii., p. 102.).—A person sailing to our Antipodes westward will lose twelve hours; by sailing thither eastward he will gain twelve hours. Ifboth meet at the same hour, say eleven o'clock, the one will reckon 11A.M., the other 11P.M.

Este.

Calves' Head Club(Vol. viii., p. 315.).—In Hone'sEvery Day Book, vol. ii. pp. 158, 159, 160., some more information is given on the interesting event referred to in the Note made byMr. E. G. Ballard. A print is given of the scene; and the obnoxious toasts are also quoted; they are: "The pious memory of Oliver Cromwell;" "Damn—n to the race of the Stuarts;" "The glorious year 1648;" "The man in the mask," &c. The print is dated 1734, which proves that the meeting at which the disturbance arose was not the first which had taken place.

S. A. S.

Bridgewater.

Heraldic Query(Vol. viii., p. 219.).—Although A. was killed in open rebellion, I think his armorial bearings were not forfeited unless he was subsequently attainted by act of parliament; and even in that case it is possible that the act contained a provision that the penalty should not extend to the prejudice of any other person than the offender. Assuming that A. was not attainted, or that the consequences of his attainder were thus restricted to himself, or that his attainder has been reversed, it is clear that his lawful posterity are still entitled to his arms, notwithstanding the acceptance by his grandson C. of a new grant, which obviously could no more affect the title to the ancient arms than the creation of a modern barony can destroy the right of its recipient to an older one. The descendants of C. being thus entitled to both coats, could, I imagine, without difficulty obtain a recognition of their right; and I think they might either use the ancient arms alone, or the ancient and the modern arms quarterly, precedence being given to the former. The proper course would be to seek the licence of the crown for the resumption of the ancient surname, as well as of the arms. Such permission would, I apprehend, be now conceded, even though it should appear that the arms were really forfeited.

Henry Gough.

Emberton, Bucks.

The Temple Lands in Scotland(Vol. viii., p. 317.).—These lands, or a portion of them, were acquired, and afterwards transferred by sale, to Mr. Gracie, by James Maidment, Esq., the eminent Scottish antiquary, who, in 1828-29, privately printed—

"Templaria: Papers Relative to the History, Privileges, and Possessions of the Scottish Knights Templars, and their Successors, the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, with Notes," &c.

This will no doubt contain all that your correspondentAbredonensiscould desire upon the subject, provided he can obtain it; for the work, professing to be printed by the author for presents, is confined to twenty-five copies, and must therefore be rare. In 1831 was published by Stevenson, Edinburgh, anHistorical Account of Linlithgowshire, by the late John Penney.[9]This is edited by Mr. Maidment, and contains a chapter entitled an "Account of the Transmission of the United Estates of the Templars and Hospitallers, after the dissolution of the Order in the reign of Queen Mary;" and although the object of the editor is to notice the charters connected with Linlithgowshire, the book contains a sketch of the general history of the lands in question, abridged from theTemplaria.

J. O.

Footnote 9:(return)Query the late George Chalmers.

Query the late George Chalmers.

Sir John Vanbrugh(Vol. viii., p. 65. &c.).—InAn Account of the Life and Death of Mr. Matthew Henry, published in the year 1716, his biographer having related that he was chosen a minister of a congregation of Dissenters in the city of Chester, and that he went there to reside on the first day of June, 1687, goes on to state (p. 75.):

"That city was then very happy in several worthy gentlemen that had habitations there; they were not altogether strangers to Mr. Henry before he came to live among them, but now they came to be his very intimate acquaintance; some of these, as Alderman Mainwaring and Mr. Vanbrugh, father to Sir John Vanbrugh, were in communion with the Church of England, but they heard Mr. Henry on the week-day lectures, and always treated him with great and serious respect."

This evidence serves to show that a Mr. Vanbrugh, who was living in Chester in 1687, was the father of Sir John Vanbrugh. I have been told that in former times there was a sugar-bakery at Chester. Did the father of Sir John Vanbrugh carry on that business at Chester during any period of his residence there?

N. W. S.

Sir Arthur Aston(Vol. viii., p. 126.).—In reference to the Query of your correspondentChartham, I take leave to refer him to Playfair'sBaronetage, vol. ii. p. 257., where a pedigree of that ancient family is inserted. In p. 261. is a note, by which it appears that the said Sir Arthur Aston had a daughter Elizabeth, born in Russia, and married to James Thompson of Joyce Grove in Berkshire.

In addition thereto, I recollect seeing the copy of a deed of sale, dated April, 1637, by which it appears that Nicholas Hercy, of Nettlebed, in co. Oxon., sold to James Thompson of Wallingford, in co. Berkshire, "Joys Grove," in Nettlebed aforesaid; and there is united with the same James Thompson, apparently as a trustee, "George Tattersall the younger, of Finchampstead in said co. of Berkshire."

I also take leave to refer your correspondent to Lysons'sEnvirons of London, vol. ii. p. 393., under head of "Fulham," where it is stated that Sir Arthur Aston's father resided in that parish.

An Antiquary.

Nugget(Vol. viii., p. 357.).—Colonel Mundy, inOur Antipodes, says that the wordnuggetwas, before the days of gold digging, used by the farmers of Australia to express a small thick bullock, such as our English farmers would call a lumpy one, or a little great one.

A. H. White.

Ford's Handbook of Spain. 1st Edition.

Cotton's Fasti Ecclesiæ Hiberniæ. Parts III., VI., VII., and VIII.

Torriano Piazza Universale Di Proverbi Italiani. London, 1668. Folio.

Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica. Vol. IX.

Encyclopædia Britannica. 7th Edition. Vol. XXII., Part 2.

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St. John's,who asks about theStafford Knot,will see by our last Number, p.454.,that it is the badge or cognizance of the Earls of Stafford.

Mr. Van Laun'sQuery as to the derivation ofHuguenotis anticipated in our6th Vol., p. 317.Will the Note there given help him to a satisfactory solution?

The Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs, 1686.—The loan of this volume is offered byT. D.to the Correspondent who advertised for it some time since in our columns.

Amicus Veritatis,who inquires respectingCleanliness is next to Godliness,is referred to our4th Vol., p. 491.,for its probable origin.

E. G. Ballard.The curious tenure of being the King'sVautrarius,kindly forwarded by this Correspondent, is already printed in Blount'sFragmenta Antiquitates, p. 142.,ed.1784.

C. E. F.We would strongly recommend our Correspondent to adopt the paper process described byDr. Diamondin our first Number for the present year (with correction of using the gallic acid, which, as stated in a subsequent Number, was by accident omitted). Recent experience has more than ever convinced us that if the method there laid down bestrictlyfollowed, the photographer will not meet with failures.

An Amateur(Helston).Mr. Lyteis at present abroad, or we are sure he would readily answer the Query of our Correspondent, as to whether the chloride of barium recommended by him at p. 252., and the nitrate of lead at p. 373., are to be the crystallised or liquid preparations.

An Amateur Photographer(Manchester).If you will transmit us a specimen of the failures which you mention, especially of the waved appearance, we will do the best to answer your Queries: it is impossible otherwise satisfactorily to do so.

M. A.Always use your hyposulphite of sodasaturated;it does not reduce the tone of pictures near so much as when it is used dilute.

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12mo., cloth, with Frontispiece, 2s.6d.

THE VICAR AND HIS DUTIES: being Sketches of Clerical Life in a Manufacturing Town Parish. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY.

"As much a true effigy, though taken with pen and ink, as if Mr. Gatty had put that capital parish priest, the Vicar of Leeds, before his camera. To the many friends of Dr. Hook this little volume will be deeply interesting."—Notes and Queries."It unites the merit of lively and faithful sketching, sound principles, and popular style."—Churchman's Magazine.

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SUPPLEMENT TO DR. OLIVER'S MONASTICON DIŒCESIS EXONIENSIS.

In the Press, and will be published, in 1 vol. folio, price 10s.6d.

A SUPPLEMENT TO THE MONASTICON DIŒCESIS EXONIENSIS. Being a Collection of Records and Instruments further illustrating the Ancient Conventual, Collegiate, and Eleemosynary Foundations in the Counties of Devon and Cornwall. By GEORGE OLIVER, D.D. To correspond exactly in size, paper, and type with the original work, and to contain a large folding Map of the Diocese of Exeter at the time of the Dissolution of Monasteries. When published, the price will be raised.

Subscribers' Names received by A. HOLDEN, Bookseller, Exeter.

XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic Establishments.—The superiority of this preparation is now universally acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to any Climate. Full instructions for use.

Caution.—Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony.

CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware of purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent. The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s.6d.each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.—A Selection of the above beautiful Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in all its Branches.

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PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.—OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or Portraits.—The Trade supplied.

Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, &c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, Islington.

New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand. have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.

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PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.—An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d.A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra Copies for 10s.

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PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.—Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.

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PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.

An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.

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HEAL AND SON'S EIDER DOWN QUILTS are made in three Varieties—the BORDERED QUILT, the PLAIN QUILT, and the DUVET. The Bordered Quilt is in the usual form of Bed Quilts, and is a most elegant and luxurious article. The Plain Quilt is smaller, and useful as an extra covering on the bed, or as a wrapper in the carriage, or on the couch. The Duvet is a loose case filled with Eider Down as in general use on the Continent. Lists of Prices and Sizes sent free by Post, on application to

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