PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

"MARY'S DREAM."The lovely moon had climb'd the hill,Where eagles big aboon the Dee,And, like the looks of a lovely dame,Brought joy to every body's ee:A' but sweet Mary deep in sleep,Her thoughts on Sandy far at sea;A voice drapt saftly on her ear—'Sweet Mary, weep nae mair for me!'"She lifted up her waukening een,To see from whence the sound might be,And there she saw young Sandy stand,Pale, bending on her his hollow ee.'O Mary dear, lament nae mair!I'm in death's thraws aneath the sea:Thy weeping makes me sad in bliss,Sae Mary, weep nae mair for me!"'The wind slept when we left the bay,But soon it waked and raised the main;And God he bore us down the deep—Wha strave wi' him, but strave in vain.He stretch'd his arm and took me up,Tho' laith I was to gang but thee:I look frae heaven aboon the storm,Sae Mary, weep nae mair for me!"'Take aff thae bride-sheets frae thy bed,Which thou hast faulded down for me,Unrobe thee of thy earthly stole—I'll meet in heaven aboon wi' thee.'Three times the gray cock flapp'd his wing,To mark the morning lift his ee;And thrice the passing spirit said,'Sweet Mary, weep nae mair for me!'"

"MARY'S DREAM.

"The lovely moon had climb'd the hill,Where eagles big aboon the Dee,And, like the looks of a lovely dame,Brought joy to every body's ee:A' but sweet Mary deep in sleep,Her thoughts on Sandy far at sea;A voice drapt saftly on her ear—'Sweet Mary, weep nae mair for me!'

"The lovely moon had climb'd the hill,

Where eagles big aboon the Dee,

And, like the looks of a lovely dame,

Brought joy to every body's ee:

A' but sweet Mary deep in sleep,

Her thoughts on Sandy far at sea;

A voice drapt saftly on her ear—

'Sweet Mary, weep nae mair for me!'

"She lifted up her waukening een,To see from whence the sound might be,And there she saw young Sandy stand,Pale, bending on her his hollow ee.'O Mary dear, lament nae mair!I'm in death's thraws aneath the sea:Thy weeping makes me sad in bliss,Sae Mary, weep nae mair for me!

"She lifted up her waukening een,

To see from whence the sound might be,

And there she saw young Sandy stand,

Pale, bending on her his hollow ee.

'O Mary dear, lament nae mair!

I'm in death's thraws aneath the sea:

Thy weeping makes me sad in bliss,

Sae Mary, weep nae mair for me!

"'The wind slept when we left the bay,But soon it waked and raised the main;And God he bore us down the deep—Wha strave wi' him, but strave in vain.He stretch'd his arm and took me up,Tho' laith I was to gang but thee:I look frae heaven aboon the storm,Sae Mary, weep nae mair for me!

"'The wind slept when we left the bay,

But soon it waked and raised the main;

And God he bore us down the deep—

Wha strave wi' him, but strave in vain.

He stretch'd his arm and took me up,

Tho' laith I was to gang but thee:

I look frae heaven aboon the storm,

Sae Mary, weep nae mair for me!

"'Take aff thae bride-sheets frae thy bed,Which thou hast faulded down for me,Unrobe thee of thy earthly stole—I'll meet in heaven aboon wi' thee.'Three times the gray cock flapp'd his wing,To mark the morning lift his ee;And thrice the passing spirit said,'Sweet Mary, weep nae mair for me!'"

"'Take aff thae bride-sheets frae thy bed,

Which thou hast faulded down for me,

Unrobe thee of thy earthly stole—

I'll meet in heaven aboon wi' thee.'

Three times the gray cock flapp'd his wing,

To mark the morning lift his ee;

And thrice the passing spirit said,

'Sweet Mary, weep nae mair for me!'"

J. W. Thomas.

Dewsbury.

Clouds in Photographs(Vol. viii., p. 451.).—Your correspondent on this subject may easily produce clouds on paper negatives by drawing in the lights on the back with common writing ink. There is usually some tint printed with all negatives, therefore the black used will stop it out.

It is at the same time unfair and untrue to the art, because clouds cannot be represented in the regular mode of practice. If they appear, as they do sometimes by accident, it is well to leave them; but in no art is any trick so easily detected as in photography, and it cannot add to any operator's credit in expertness to practise them.

W. T.

Albumenized Paper.—In a late Number of "N. & Q." you published an account of albumenizing paper for positives byMr. Shadbolt. Having considerable experience in the manipulation of photographical art, I have bestowed great pains in testing the process he recommends; and, I regret to say, the results are by no means satisfactory. I well know the delicacy which is required in applying the albumenevenlyto the surface of the paper, and am therefore not surprised to find that each of his "longitudinal strokes" remains clearly indicated, thereby entirely destroying the effect of the picture.

He also advises that the paper should not be afterwardsironed, as it is apt to produce flaws and spots on the albumenized surface; and he believes that the chemical action of the nitrate of silver alone is sufficient to coagulate the albumen, without the application of heat. This I have foundin practiceto be incorrect: for when I have excited albumenized paper, to which a sufficient heat has not been applied, I have invariably observed that a portion of the albumen becomes detached into the silver solution, making it viscid, and favouring its decomposition. Consequently, the sheetslastexcited seldom retain their colour so long as those which are first prepared. But even laying aside the question of the coagulation of the albumen, the paper, unless it is ironed, remains so "cockled up," that it is not only unsightly, but very difficult to use. 100-grain solution of nitrate of silver (I presume to the ounce) is also recommended. In a late Number, I findDr. Diamonduses a 40-grain solution with perfect success; and my own experience enables me to verify this formula as being sufficiently powerful:—no additional intensity of colour being obtained by these strong solutions, it is a mere waste of material. Therefore I think your correspondent fails in effecting either economy of material or time.

However painful it may be to me to offer remarks at variance with the opinions of your kind and intelligent correspondents, yet I consider it a duty that yourself and readers should not be misled, and so interesting and elegant an art as photography brought into disrepute by experiments which, however well intentioned, plainly indicate a want of experience.

K. N. M.

[Mr. Shadbolt'sscientific acquirements appeared to us to demand that we should give insertion to his plan of albumenizing paper: although we felt some doubts whether it did not contain the disadvantages which our correspondent now points out. We had met with such complete success in following out the process recommended byDr. Diamondin our 205th Number, that we did not think it advisable to make any alteration. For our own experience has shown us the wisdom, in photography as in other matters, of holding fast that which is good.—Ed.]

Stereoscopic Angles.—Notwithstanding the space you have devoted to this subject, I find little practical information to the photographer: will you therefore allow me to presume to offer you my mode, which, regardless of all scientific rules, I find to be perfectly successful in obtaining the desired results?

My focussing-glass is ruled with a few perpendicular and horizontal lines with a pencil, and I also cross it from corner to corner, which marks the centre of the glass. These lines always allow me to place my camera level, because the perpendicular lines being parallel with any upright line secures it.

Having taken a picture, I note well the spot of some object near the centre of the picture: thus, if a window or branch of a tree be upon the spot where the lines crossCross lines, I remove the camera in a straight line about one foot for every ten yards distance from the subject, and bring the same object to the same spot: I believe it is not very important if the camera is moved more or less. This may be known and practised by many of your friends; but I am sure others make a great difficulty in effecting those satisfactory results which, as I have shown, may be so easily obtained.

H. W. D.

Photographic Copies of MSS.—I am glad to find from your Notices to Correspondents in Vol. viii., p. 456., that the applicability of photography to the copying of MSS., or printed leaves, is beginning to excite attention. The facility and cheapness of thus applying it (as I have been informed by a professional photographer) is so great, that I have no doubt but that we shall shortly have it used in our great public libraries; so as to supersede the present slow, expensive, and uncertain process of copying by hand. And it is in order to help to bring about so desirable a state of things, that I send these few lines to your widely-circulated journal.

M. D.

Lord Cecil's "Memorials"(Vol. viii., p. 442.).—Cecil's "First Memorial" is printed in Lord Somers'sTracts. It appears that Primate Ussher, and, subsequently, Sir James Ware and his son Robert, had the benefit of extracts from Lord Burleigh's papers.Mr. Brucemay find the "Examination" of the celebrated Faithfull Comine, and "Lord Cecyl's Letters," together with other interesting documents, entered among the Clarendon MSS. inPars alteraof the second volume ofCatal. Lib. Manuscr. Angl. et Hib., Oxon. 1697.

R. G.

Foreign Medical Education(Vol. viii., pp. 341. 398.).—In addition to the previous communications on this subject, I beg to refer your correspondentMedicusto Mr. Wilde'sAustria; its Literary, Scientific, and Medical Institutions, with Notes on the State of Science, and a Guide to the Hospitals and Sanitary Institutions of Vienna, Dublin: Curry and Co., 1842.

J. D. McK.

Encyclopædias(Vol. viii., p. 385.).—Surely there must be many persons who sympathise withEncyclopædicusin wishing to have a worknotencumbered and swollen by the heavy and bulky articles to which he refers: perhaps there may be as many as would make it worth the while of some publisher to furnish one. Of course copyright, and all sorts of rights, must be respected but that being done, there would be little else to do than to cut out and wheel away the heavy articles from a copy of any encyclopædia, and put the rest into the hands of a printer. The residuum (which is what we want) would probably be to a considerable extent the same. When necessary additions had been made, the work would still be of moderate size and price.

N. B.

Pepys's Grammar(Vol. viii., p. 466.).—I am unable to answerMr. Keightley'sQuery, not having the slightest knowledge of short-hand; but I always understood that the original spelling of every word in theDiarywas carefully preserved by the gentleman who decyphered it.

No estimate, however, of Pepys's powers of writing can be formed from the hasty entries recorded in his short-hand journal, and, as I conceive, they derive additional interest from the quaint terms in which they are expressed.

Braybrooke.

"Antiquitas Sæculi Juventus Mundi"(Vols. ii. and iii.passim).—The following instances of this thought occur in two writers of the seventeenth century:

"Those times which we term vulgarly they Old World, were indeed the youth or adolescence of it ... if you go to the age of the world in general, and to the true length and longevity of things, we are properly the older cosmopolites. In this respect the cadet may be termed more ancient than his elder brother, because the world was older when he entered into it. Nov. 2, 1647."—Howell'sLetters, 11th edit.: London, 1754, p.426.

Butler, in hischaracterof "An Antiquary," observes:

"He values things wrongfully upon their antiquity, forgetting that the most modern are really the most ancient of all things in the world; like those that reckon their pounds before their shillings and pence, of which they are made up."—Thyer's edit., vol.ii. p. 97.

Jarltzberg.

Napoleon's Spelling(Vol. viii., p. 386).—The fact inquired after byHenry H. Breenis proved by the following extract from theMémoiresof Bourrienne, Napoleon's private secretary for many years:

"Je préviens une fois pour toutes que dans les copies que je donnerai des écrits de Bonaparte, je rétablirai l'orthographe, qui est en généralsi extraordinairement estropiéequ'il serait ridicule de les copier exactement."—Mém.i. 73.

Black as a mourning Colour(Vol. viii., p. 411.).—Mourning habits are said first to appear in England in the time of Edward III. Chaucer and Froissart are the first who mention them. The former, inTroylus and Creseyde, says:

"Creseyde was in widowe's habitblack."

Again:

"My clothes everichoneShallblackeben, in tolequyn, herte swete,That I am as out of this world gone."

"My clothes everichone

Shallblackeben, in tolequyn, herte swete,

That I am as out of this world gone."

Again, in theKnights Tale, Palamon appeared at a funeral

"In clothesblackdropped all with tears."

Froissart says, the Earl of Foix clothed himself and household inblackon the death of his son. At the funeral of the Earl of Flanders black gowns were worn. On the death of King John of France, the King of Cyprus wore black. The very mention of these facts would suggest that black was not then universally worn, but being gradually adopted for mourning.

B. H. C.

Chanting of Jurors(Vol. vi., p. 315.).—No answer has yet been given to J. F. F.'s Query on this, yet the expression "to chant" was not an unusual one, if we may believe Lord Stratford:

"They collected a grand jury in each county, and proceeded to claim a ratification of the rights of the crown. The gentlemen on being empanelled informed that the case before them was irresistible, and that no doubts could exist in the minds of reasonablemen upon it. His majesty was, in fact, indifferent whether they found for him or no. 'And there I left them,' says Strafford, 'to chanttogether, as they call it, over their evidence.' The counties of Roscommon, Sligo, and Mayo instantly found a title for the king."

This extract is from a very eloquent article on Lord Strafford in theBritish Critic, No. LXVI. p. 485.

W. Fraser.

Tor-Mohun.

Aldress(Vol. v., p. 582.).—Your correspondentCowgillgives an instance of the use of this obsolete word in an epitaph in St. Stephen's, Norwich, and asks where else it may be met with. I have just found it in a manuscript diary, under date 1561, and also as used in the same city:

"A Speech made after Mr. Mayor Mingay's Dinner."Master Mayor of Norwich; an it please your worship you have feasted us like a kinge. God bless the Queen's grace. We have fed plentifully, and now whilom I can speak plain English, I heartily thank you Master Mayor, and so do we all. Answer, boys, answer! Your beere is pleasant and potent, and soon catches us by the caput and stops our manners, and so Huzza for the Queen's Majesty's Grace, and all her bonny brow'd dames of honour! Huzza for Master Mayor and our good dame Mayoress, the Alderman and his faireAldress; there they are, God save them and all this jolly company. To all our friends round country who have a penny in their purse, and an English heart in their bodies, to keep out Spanish Dons and Papists with their faggots to burn our whiskers. Shove it about. Twirl your cup-cases, handle your jugs, and huzza for Master Mayor and his good dame!"

"A Speech made after Mr. Mayor Mingay's Dinner.

"Master Mayor of Norwich; an it please your worship you have feasted us like a kinge. God bless the Queen's grace. We have fed plentifully, and now whilom I can speak plain English, I heartily thank you Master Mayor, and so do we all. Answer, boys, answer! Your beere is pleasant and potent, and soon catches us by the caput and stops our manners, and so Huzza for the Queen's Majesty's Grace, and all her bonny brow'd dames of honour! Huzza for Master Mayor and our good dame Mayoress, the Alderman and his faireAldress; there they are, God save them and all this jolly company. To all our friends round country who have a penny in their purse, and an English heart in their bodies, to keep out Spanish Dons and Papists with their faggots to burn our whiskers. Shove it about. Twirl your cup-cases, handle your jugs, and huzza for Master Mayor and his good dame!"

How long is it since the ladies of our civic dignitaries relinquished the distinction here given to one of their order? What was the cup-case?

Charles Reid.

Paternoster Row.

Huggins and Muggins(Vol. viii., p. 341.).—In the edition of Mallet'sNorthern Antiquities, edited by J. A. Blackwell, Esq., and published by Bohn (Antiquarian Library, 1847), the following conjectural etymology of the words Huggins and Muggins is given by the editor in a note on the wordMuninn, in the glossary to the Prose Edda:

"We cannot refrain for once from noticing the curious coincidence between the names of Odin's ravens, Hugin and Munin—Mind and Memory—and those of two personages who figure so often in our comic literature as Messrs. Huggins and Muggins.Huggins, likeHugh, appears to have the same root asHugin, viz.hugr, mind, spirit; and as Mr. Muggins is as invariably associated with Mr. Huggins, as one of Odin's ravens was with the other (as mind is with memory), the name may originally have been writtenMunnins, andnnchanged intoggfor the sake of euphony. Should thisconjecture, for it is nothing else, be well founded, one of the most poetical ideas in the whole range of mythology would, in this plodding, practical, spilling-jenny age of ours, have thus undergone a most singular metamorphosis."

Jno. N. Radcliffe.

Dewsbury.

Camera Lucida(Vol. viii., p. 271.).—With my camera lucida I received a printed sheet of instructions, from which the following extract is made, in answer toCaret:

"Those who cannot sketch comfortably, without perfect distinctness of both the pencil and object, must observe, that thestemshould be drawn out to the mark D, for all distant objects, and to the numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, &c. for objects that are at the distances of only 2, 3, 4, or 5 feet respectively, the stem being duly inclined according to a mark placed at the bottom; but, after a little practice, such exactness is wholly unnecessary. The farther the prism is removed from the paper, that is, the longer the stem is drawn out, the larger the objects will be represented in the drawing, and accordingly the less extensive the view."The nearer the prism is to the paper, the smaller will be the objects, and the more extensive the view comprised on the same piece of paper."If the drawing be two feet from the prism, and the paper only one foot, the copy will be half the size of the original. If the drawing be at one foot, and the paper three feet distant, the copy will be three times as large as the original: and so for all other distances."

"The nearer the prism is to the paper, the smaller will be the objects, and the more extensive the view comprised on the same piece of paper.

"If the drawing be two feet from the prism, and the paper only one foot, the copy will be half the size of the original. If the drawing be at one foot, and the paper three feet distant, the copy will be three times as large as the original: and so for all other distances."

T. B. Johnston.

Edinburgh.

"When Orpheus went down"(Vol. viii., pp. 196. 281.).—This seems to be rightly attributed to Dr. Lisle. See Dodsley'sCollection of Poems, vol. vi. p. 166. (1758), where it is stated to have been imitated from the Spanish, and set to music by Dr. Hayes. It is not quite correctly given in "N. & Q."

J. Kelway.

The Arms of De Sissone(Vol. viii., p. 243.).—I beg to refer J. L. S. toHistoire Généalogique et Chronologique de la Maison Royale de France, &c., tom. viii. p. 537., Paris, 1733; and also toLivre d'Or de la Noblesse, p. 429., Paris, 1847.

Clericus (D).

Oaths of Pregnant Women(Vol. v., p. 393.).—Women of the humbler classes in the British Islands appear to have an objection, when pregnant, to take an oath. I have not observed any attempt to explain or account for this prejudice. The same objection exists among the Burmese. Indeed, pregnant women there are, by long-observed custom, absolved from taking an oath, and affirm to their depositions, "remembering their pregnant condition." The reason of this is as follows. The system of Budhism, as it prevails in the Indo-Chinese countries, consists essentially in the negation of a Divine Providence. The oath of Budhists is an imprecation of evil on the swearer,addressed to the innate rewarding powers of nature, animate and inanimate, if the truth be not spoken. This evil may be instantaneous, as sudden death from a fit, or from a flash of lightning; the first food taken may choke the false swearer; or on his way home, a tiger by land, or an alligator by water, may seize and devour him. I have known an instance of this occur, which was spoken of by hundreds as a testimony to the truth of the system. Now it is supposed by Budhists that even an unconscious departure from truth may rouse jealous nature to award punishment. In the case of pregnant women this would involve the unborn offspring in the calamity. Hence women in that condition do not take an oath in Burmah.

Ph.

Rangoon.

Lepel's Regiment(Vol. vii., p. 501.).—J. K. may rest assured that no trace can now be discovered of a regiment thus named, which existed in the year 1707. I have searched the lists of cavalry and infantry regiments at the battle of Almanza, fought April 25th of that year, and do not find this regiment mentioned. May I substitute for "Lepel's" regiment, "Pepper's" regiment? The colonelcy of that corps, now the 8th Royal Irish Hussars, became vacant by the fall of Brigadier-General Robert Killigrew at Almanza, and it was immediately conferred on the lieutenant-colonel of the corps, John Pepper, who held it until March 23, 1719.

G. L. S.

Editions of the Prayer Book prior to 1662(Vol. vi., pp. 435. 564; Vol. vii.passim).—I have recently met with the following editions, which have not, I think, been yet recorded in your pages:

1630. folio, London.1639. 4to. Barker and Bill.1661. 8vo. London, Duporti, Latin.

1630. folio, London.

1639. 4to. Barker and Bill.

1661. 8vo. London, Duporti, Latin.

The first and third are in Mr. Darling'sEncyc. Bibl., see columns 366, 367; the second I saw at Mr. Straker's, Adelaide Street, Strand.

Will some of your readers kindly tell me in what edition of the Prayer Book the "Prayers at the Healing" are last met with? I have them in a Latin Prayer Book, 12mo. London, 1727.[7]

W. Sparrow Simpson.

Footnote 7:(return)It appears from a note in Pepys'sDiary, June 23, 1660, that the library of the Duke of Sussex contained four several editions of the Book of Common Prayer, all printed after the accession of the House of Hanover, and all containing, as an integral part of the service, "The Office for the Healing."—Ed.

It appears from a note in Pepys'sDiary, June 23, 1660, that the library of the Duke of Sussex contained four several editions of the Book of Common Prayer, all printed after the accession of the House of Hanover, and all containing, as an integral part of the service, "The Office for the Healing."—Ed.

Creole(Vol. vii., p. 381. Vol. viii., p. 138.).—I have never met with any satisfactory explanation of the origin of this word; its meaning has undergone various modifications. At first it was limited in its application to the descendants of Europeans born in the colonies. By degrees it came to be extended to all classes of the population of colonial descent and now it is indiscriminately employed to express things as well as persons, of local origin or growth. We say acreoleNegro, as contra-distinguished from a negro born in Africa or elsewhere; acreolehorse, as contra-distinguished from an English or an American horse; and we speak "Creole" when we address the uneducated classes in their native jargon.

Henry H. Breen.

St. Lucia.

Daughter pronounced "Dafter"(Vol. viii., p. 292.).—This pronunciation is universal in North Cornwall and North-west Devonshire.

J. R. P.

Richard Geering(Vol. viii., p. 340.).—If Y. S. M. will favour me with the parentage of "Richard Geering, one of the six clerks in chancery in Ireland," I shall be better able to judge whether he was of the family of Geering, Gearing, or Geary, of South Denchworth in the co. of Berks, of which family I have a pedigree. I can also supply their coat of arms and crest. Any information of the Geerings, ancestors of the said Richard, the chancery clerk, will be acceptable to your occasional correspondent

H. C. C.

If this Richard Geering is related to the Geerings of South Denchworth, in Berkshire, I refer Y. S. M. to Clare'sHundred of Wanting, Parker, Oxford, 1824.

The Geerings bought the manor of Viscount Cullen. It was formerly in the possession of the Hydes: several of the Geering monuments are in the church. Their arms, Or, on two bars gules six mascles of the field, on a canton sable a leopard's face of the first. The Geerings were long tenants of a part of the estate which they purchased; they are extinct in the male line. A grandson, John Bockett, Esq. (by the female line), of the last heir, possessed a small farm in the parish which was sold by him some years ago. The manor now belongs to Worcester College, Oxford, who purchased it of Gregory Geering, gent., in 1758. The name is spelt Gearing and Geary in the early registers.

The books in the small study (mentioned in "N. & Q." some time ago) were given by Gregory Geering, Esq., Mr. Ralph Kedden, vicar of Denchworth, and Mr. Edward Brewster, stationer, of London, most of which are attached by long chains to the cases.

Julia R. Bockett.

Southcote Lodge.

Island(Vol. viii., p. 279.).—H. C. K. is quite right in saying that theshas been inserted in this word: not, however, as he thinks, "to assimilatethe Saxon and French terms," but from a fancied French or Latin derivation, just asrimeis speltrhyme, because it was fancied that it came fromῥυθμὸς; and as critics and editors will printcœluminstead ofcælum, contrary to all authority, because they have taken it into their heads that it comes fromκοῖλον. We have alsospright,impregnable, and other misspelt words, for which it is difficult to assign a reason. But I think H. C. K. is altogether mistaken in connecting the A.-S.ig(pr.ee), an island, witheye. It is evidently one of the original underived nouns of the Teutonic family, beingigA.-S.,eyIcel., whenceöSwed.,öoröeDan., and which also appears in the German and Dutcheiland; while in the words foreyethegis radical, aseageA.-S.,augaIcel.,augeGerm.,oogDutch.

T. K.

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London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street.

LEEDS LIBRARY.

LIBRARIAN.—Wanted, a Gentleman of Literary Attainments, competent to undertake the duties of Librarian in the Leeds Library. The Institution consists of about 500 Proprietary Members, and an Assistant Librarian is employed. The hours of attendance required will be from 10A.M.to 8P.M.daily, with an interval of two hours. Salary 120l.a year. Applications, with Certificates of Qualifications, must be sent by letter, post paid, not later than 1st December next, to ABRAHAM HORSFALL, ESQ., Hon. Sec., 9. Park Row, Leeds.

BOOK VARNISH (ROWBOTHAM'S).—This truly wonderful Varnish for restoring Old Bindings, and giving them a freshness equal to new, is applied with a piece of sponge, and dries instantly. (See "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 335.) May be had of J. ROWBOTHAM, India-Rubber Bookbinder, 70. Castle Street, two doors east of Berners Street, Oxford Street, in Bottles 1s.each, or by Order of any Bookseller or Druggist. A List of Prices for India-rubber Bookbinding may be had on application.

Price 2s.6d., cloth lettered,

SANITARY ECONOMY: its Principles and Practice; and its Moral Influence on the Progress of Civilisation.

W. & R. CHAMBERS, 3. Bride Court Passage, Fleet Street, London, and 339. High Street, Edinburgh; and sold by all Booksellers.

SPECTACLES.—Every Description of SPECTACLES and EYE-GLASSES for the Assistance of Vision, adapted by means of Smee's Optometer: that being the only correct method of determining the exact focus of the Lenses required, and of preventing injury to the sight by the use of improper Glasses.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.

VIEWS IN LONDON.

STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES.

BLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET STREET, OPTICIANS and PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENT MAKERS, invite attentions to their Stock of STEREOSCOPES of all Kinds, and in various Materials; also, to their New and Extensive Assortment of STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same, in DAGUERREOTYPE, on PAPER, and TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PICTURES on GLASS, including Views of London, Paris, the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These Pictures, for minuteness of Detail and Truth in the Representation of Natural Objects, are unrivalled.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.

*** "Familiar Explanation of the Phenomena" sent on Application.

DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.—Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes. Best and Cheapest. To be had in great variety at

McMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.

Price List Gratis.

Early in December, in small 4to., Elegantly Printed on Toned Paper, and appropriately bound, price 30s.,

AN ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF TUPPER'S PROVERBIAL PHILOSOPHY.

The Designs by C. W. Cope, R.A., J. C. Horsley, R.A., John Tenniel, Edwin H. Corbould, G. Dodgson, Edward Duncan, Birket Foster, John Gilbert, J. Godwin, William Harvey, W. L. Leitch, F. R. Pickersgill, and Joseph Severn. The Ornamental Initials and Vignettes by Henry Noel Humphreys.

London: THOMAS HATCHARD, 187. Piccadilly.

ILLUSTRATED PRESENT BOOKS.

Just published,

GRAY'S ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCHYARD. Illustrated on every Page with Engravings on Wood from Drawings by BIRKET FOSTER, GEORGE THOMAS, and a LADY. Crown 8vo. handsomely bound in blue cloth, or in enamelled boards, price 7s.6d.

*** A few Copies will be bound in extra morocco by Mr. Hayday.

Just ready,

THE WANDERINGS OF PERSILES AND SIGISMUNDA: A Northern Story. BY MIGUEL DE CERVANTES SAAVEDRA. Translated from the Spanish by a LADY. Illustrated with a Portrait of CERVANTES. Fcap. 8vo., old style, price 10s.6d.

"This romance was the last work of Cervantes. The dedication to the Count de Lemos was written the day after he had received extreme unction."—Extract from Preface.

Just published, price 10s.6d.,

PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUM.

Part V. Containing Four Pictures:

PORTSKEWIT. By Roger Fenton.THE FISHERMAN'S DAUGHTER. By Joseph Cundall.SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. By Russell Sedgfield.BANKS OF THE COQUET. By Philip DelaMotte.

PORTSKEWIT. By Roger Fenton.

THE FISHERMAN'S DAUGHTER. By Joseph Cundall.

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. By Russell Sedgfield.

BANKS OF THE COQUET. By Philip DelaMotte.

Parts I. II. III. and IV. are now reprinted.

Now ready,

PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEWS OF CONSTANTINOPLE. Twenty Views of the most Important Buildings, taken by JAMES ROBERTSON, Esq. Imperial folio, half-bound morocco, price 6l.16s.6d.

Just published, price 16s.,

PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES. Part II. By GEORGE SHAW, ESQ., of Queen's College, Birmingham.

THE FOREST AT NOON.TANGLED BOUGHS."BALD WITH DRY ANTIQUITY."SOLITUDE.

THE FOREST AT NOON.

TANGLED BOUGHS.

"BALD WITH DRY ANTIQUITY."

SOLITUDE.

Part I. is now reprinted. Part III. is in preparation.

Just published, fcap. 8vo. cloth, price 4s.6d.,

THE PRACTICE OF PHOTOGRAPHY: A Manual for Students and Amateurs. By PHILIP H. DELAMOTTE, F.S.A. Illustrated with a Picture taken by the Collodion Process.

*** This Manual contains much practical information.

Now ready, price 14s.,

PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES. By HUGH OWEN, ESQ., of Bristol.

IVY BRIDGE, DEVON.THE HARVEST FIELD.A RIVER BANK.WOODS IN SPRING.

IVY BRIDGE, DEVON.

THE HARVEST FIELD.

A RIVER BANK.

WOODS IN SPRING.

Part II. is just ready.

JOSEPH CUNDALL, 168. NEW BOND STREET.Sold also by SAMPSON LOW & SON, 47. Ludgate Hill.

JOSEPH CUNDALL, 168. NEW BOND STREET.

Sold also by SAMPSON LOW & SON, 47. Ludgate Hill.

XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic Establishments.—The superiority of this preparation is now universally acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for for years, and Exported to any Climate. Full instructions for use.

Caution.—Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony.

CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware of purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent. The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s.6d.each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand. have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of Photography. Instruction in the Art.

PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.

LONDON NEWSPAPER,

One of the Largest in Europe, is published every Saturday, by J. LIVESEY, Crane Court, Fleet Street, and can be had of all News Vendors throughout the Country.

"The Empire" contains a larger Miscellany of Foreign, Colonial, Metropolitan, and Provincial News, and more original articles and contributions than almost any other Paper in the Kingdom, and its circulation is already superior to that of two-thirds of the London Weekly Press.

"The Empire" advocates a complete remodelling, by a New Reform Bill, of the representative system; the abolition of the present panic-producing Currency Restrictions; the development of Colonial Enterprise and Prosperity; the Reform of Metropolitan City Abuses; and the protection of Provincial Interests from the despotism of the Centralisation system. Provincial readers will find in "The Empire" a constant discussion of questions immediately interesting to themselves, and a large selection of news from their respective localities.

Literary Articles and Critical Notices of Scientific Improvements, and of Public Works at home and abroad, are supplied to "The Empire" by the ablest writers and highest authorities of the day.

FINE ART DISTRIBUTION.

As an appropriate accompaniment to a Paper which circulates in all parts of the British Empire,—a copy of the magnificent

EQUESTRIAN PORTRAIT OF HER MAJESTY,

By Count D'Orsay, Three Feet by Two Feet,

Value ONE GUINEA,

Will be presented to each Subscriber for Three Months, commencing from the present month, November.

Terms:—Per Copy, 6d.; Three Months, 6s.6d.; Six Months, 13s.; One Year, 26s.

Advertisements inserted on Moderate Terms.

Orders for "The Empire" may be sent to MR. ROBERT HARVEY, No. 1. Crane Court, Fleet Street, London, or may be given to any News Vendor in town or country.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.—OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, its extreme Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or Portraits.—The Trade supplied.

Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, &c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, Islington.

New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.—An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d.A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra Copies for 10s.

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