PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Dr. Mansellhaving forwarded to me for publication the accompanying account of his mode of operation, I have much pleasure in laying it before the readers of "N. & Q.;" because my friendDr. Mansellis not only so fortunate in his results, but is one of the most careful and correct manipulators in our art. The proportions which he recommends, and his mode of operating, are, it will be seen, somewhat different from those hitherto published. In writing to me he says: "I make a point of making a short note in the evening of the day's experiments, a plan involving very little trouble, but of great service as a reference." If all photographers would adopt this simple plan, how much good would result!Dr. M.complains to me of the constant variation he has found in collodion; (with your permission, I will in your pages furnish him, and all your readers with some plain directions on this point); and he has given me some excellent observations on the "fashionable" waxed-paper process, in which he has not met with such good results as he had anticipated; although with much experience whichmaysome day turn to good account.Dr. Mansellconcludes with an observation in which I entirely concur, viz. "That the calotype process is by far the most useful; and I find the pictures it gives have better effect than the wax ones, which always to me appear flat, even when they are not gravelly."

H. W. Diamond.

The Calotype on the Sea-shore.â€”The great quantity of blue light reflected from the sea renders calotyping in its vicinity much more difficult than in the country; the more distant the object, the greater depth has the blue veil which floats over it, and as a consequence of this disproportion, if time enough is given in the camera to bring out the foreground, the sky becomes red, and the distance obscured. After constant failures with papers iodized in the usual manner, I made a number of experiments to obtain a paper that would stand the camera long enough to satisfy the required conditions, and the result was the following method, which gives an intensity of blacks and half-tones, with a solidity and uniform depth over large portions of sky, greater than I have seen produced by any other process. Since I adopted it, in the autumn of 1852, I have scarcely had a failure, and this success induces me to recommend it to those who, like myself, work in highly actinising localities.

The object of the following plan is to impregnate the paper evenly with a strong body of iodide of silver. I prefer iodizing by the single process, and for this purpose use a strong solution of iodide of silver, as the paper when finished ought to have, as nearly as possible, the colour of pure iodide of silver.

Take 100 grains of nitrate of silver, and 100 grains of iodide of potassium[4], dissolve each in two ounces of distilled water, pour the iodide solution into the nitrate of silver, wash the precipitate in three distilled waters, pour off the fluid, and dissolve it in a solution of iodide of potassium, about 680 grains are required, making the whole up to four ounces.

Having cut the paper somewhat larger than the picture, turn up the edges so as to form a dish, and placing it on a board, pour into it the iodide solution abundantly, guiding it equally over the surface with a camel-hair pencil; continue to wave it to and fro for five minutes, then pour off the surplus, which serves over and over again, and after dripping the paper, lay it to dry on a round surface, so that it dries equally fast all over; when almost dry it is well to give it a sight of the fire, to finish off those parts which remain wet longest, but not more thanjust to surface dry it.

Immerse it in common rain-water, often changing it, and in about twenty minutes all the iodide of potash is removed. To ascertain this, take up some of the last water in a glass, and add to it a few drops of a strong solution of bichloride of mercury in alcohol, the least trace of hydriodate of potash is detected by a precipitate of iodide of mercury. A solution of nitrate of silver is no test whatever unless distilled water is used, as ordinary water almost invariably contains muriates. The sooner the washing is over the better. Pin up the paper to drip, and finish drying before a slow fire, turning it. If hung up to dry by a corner, the parts longest wet are always weaker than those that dry first. When dry pass a nearly cold iron over the back, to smooth it; if well made it has a fine primrose colour, and is perfectly even by transmitted light.

To excite the paper, take distilled water two drachms, drop into it four drops (not minims) of saturated solution of gallic acid, and eight drops (not minims) of the aceto-nitrate solution; mix. Always dilute the gallic acid by dropping it into the water before the aceto-nitrate; gallate of silver is less readily formed, and the paper keeps longer in hot weather. If the temperature is under sixty degrees, use five drops of gallic acid, and ten of aceto-nitrate; if above seventy degrees, use only three drops of gallic acid, and seven of aceto-nitrate. The aceto-nitrate solution consists of nitrate of silver fifty grains, glacial acetic acid two drachms, distilled water one ounce.

Having pinned the paper by two adjacent corners to a deal board, the eighth of an inch smaller on each side than it is, to prevent the solutions getting to the back, lay on the gallo-nitrate abundantly with a soft cotton brush (made by wedging a portion of fine cotton into a cork); and keep the solution from pooling, by using the brush with a very light hand. In about two minutes the paper has imbibed it evenly, and lies dead; blot it up, and allow it to dry in a box, or place it at once in the paper-holder. For fear of stains on theback, it is better to place on the board a clean sheet of ordinary paper for every picture. It is very important to have the glass, in which the gallo-nitrate is made,chemicallyclean; every time it is used, it should be washed with strong nitric acid, and then with distilled water.

To develop:â€”Pin the paper on the board as before; rapidly brush over it a solution of gallo-nitrate, as used to excite. As soon as the picture appears, in about a minute, pour on a saturated solution of gallic acid abundantly, and keep it from pooling with the brush, using it with a very light hand. In about ten minutes the picture is fully developed. If very slow in coming out, a few drops of pure aceto-nitrate brushed over the surface will rapidly bring out the picture; but this is seldom required, and it will sometimes brown the whites. It is better, as soon as the gallic acid has been applied, to put the picture away from the light of the candle in a box or drawer, there to develop quietly, watching its progress every three or four minutes; the surface is to be refreshed by a few light touches of the brush, adding more gallic acid if necessary. Many good negatives are spoiled by over-fidgetting in this part of the process. When the picture is fully out, wash, &c. as usual; the iodide of silver is rapidly removed by a saturated solution of hyposulphite of soda, which acts much less on the weaker blacks than it does if diluted.

If the picture will not develop, from too short exposure in the camera, a solution of pyrogallic acid, asDr. Diamondrecommends, after the gallic acid has done its utmost, greatly increases the strength of the blacks: it slightly reddens the whites, but not in the same ratio that it deepens the blacks.

After the first wash with gallo-nitrate, it is essential to develop these strongly iodized papers with gallic acid only: the half-and-half mixture of aceto-nitrate and gallic acid, which works well with weaker papers, turns these red.

The paper I use is Whatman's 1849. Turner's paper, Chafford Mills, if two or three years old, answers equally well.

M. L. Mansell, A.B. M.D.

Guernsey, Jan. 30, 1854.

Footnote 4:(return)[Having lately prepared this solution according to the formula given byDr. Diamond(Vol. viii., p. 597.), in which it required 650 grains to dissolve the 60-grain precipitate, we were inclined to think our correspondent had formed a wrong calculation, as the difference appeared so little for a solution more than one-third stronger. We found uponaccuratelyfollowingDr. Mansell'sinstructions, that it required 734 grains of iodide of potassium to effect a solution, whilst we have at the same time dissolved the quantity recommended byDr. Diamondwith 598 grains. This little experiment is a useful lesson to our correspondents, exhibiting as it does the constantly varying strength of supposed pure chemicals.â€”Ed."N. & Q."]

[Having lately prepared this solution according to the formula given byDr. Diamond(Vol. viii., p. 597.), in which it required 650 grains to dissolve the 60-grain precipitate, we were inclined to think our correspondent had formed a wrong calculation, as the difference appeared so little for a solution more than one-third stronger. We found uponaccuratelyfollowingDr. Mansell'sinstructions, that it required 734 grains of iodide of potassium to effect a solution, whilst we have at the same time dissolved the quantity recommended byDr. Diamondwith 598 grains. This little experiment is a useful lesson to our correspondents, exhibiting as it does the constantly varying strength of supposed pure chemicals.â€”Ed."N. & Q."]

Ned o' the Todding(Vol. ix., p. 36.).â€”In answer to the inquiry of W. T., I beg to say that he will find the thrilling narrative of poor Ned of the Toddin in Southey'sEspriella's Letters from England, vol. ii. p. 42.; but I am not aware of any lines with the above heading, by which I presume W. T. to be in search of some poetical rendering of the tale.

F. C. H.

Hour-glasses and Inscriptions on old Pulpits(Vol. ix., pp. 31. 64.).â€”In St. Edmund's Church, South Burlingham, stands an elegant pulpit of the fifteenth century, painted red and blue, and relieved with gilding. On it there still remains an old hour-glass, though such appendages were not introduced till some centuries probably after the erection of this pulpit. The following legend goes round the upper part of this pulpit, in the old English character:

"Inter natos mulierum non surrexit major Johanne Baptista."

F. C. H.

Table-turning(Vol. ix., pp. 39. 88.).â€”I have not Ammianus Marcellinus within reach, but, if I am not mistaken, after the table had been got into motion, the oracle was actually given by means of a ring. This being held over, suspended by a thread, oscillated or leaped from one to another of the letters of the alphabet which were engraved on the edge of the table, or that which covered it. The passage would not occupy many lines, and I think that many readers of "N. & Q." would be interested if some one of its learned correspondents would furnish a copy of it, with a close English translation.

N. B.

"Firm was their faith" (Vol. ix., p. 17.).â€”Grateful as I am to all who think well enough of my verses to discuss them in "N. & Q.," yet I cannot permit them to be incorrectly quoted or wrongly revised. If, as F. R. R. alleges, I had written in the third line of the stanza quotedâ€”"withfirmand trusting hands"â€”then I should have repeated the same epithet (firm) twice in three lines. Whereas I wrote, as a reference toEchoes from Old Cornwall, p. 58., will establish,stern.

R. S. Hawker.

The Wilbraham Cheshire MS.(Vol. viii., pp. 270. 303.).â€”With regard to this highly curious MS., I am enabled to state that it is still preserved at Delamere House, the seat of George Fortescue Wilbraham, Esq., by whom it has been continued down to the present time. Mr. Wilbraham has answered this Query himself, but from some accident his reply did not appear in the pages of "N. & Q." I therefore, having recently seen the MS., take this opportunity of assuring your querist of its existence.

W. J. Bernhard Smith.

Temple.

Mousehunt(Vol. viii., pp. 516. 606.; Vol. ix., p. 65.).â€”This animal is well known by this name in Norfolk, where the marten is very rare, if not entirely unknown. The Norfolk mousehunt, or mousehunter, is theMustela vulgaris. (Vide Forby'sVocab. of East Anglia, vol. ii. p. 222., who errs, however, in calling it the stoat, but says that it is the "smallest animal of the weasel tribe, and pursues the smallest prey.") It would be of much use, both to naturalists and others, if our zoological works would give the popular provincial names of animals and birds; collectors might then more easily procure specimens from labourers, &c. I have formed a list of Norfolk names for birds,which shall appear in "N. & Q." if desired. The NorfolkMustelidÃ¦in order of size are the "pollcat," or weasel; the stoat, orcane; the mousehunt, mousehunter, or lobster. A popular notion of gamekeepers is, that pollcats add a new lobe to their livers every year of their lives; but the disgusting smell of the animal prevents examining this point by dissection.

E. G. R.

If Fennell'sNatural History of Quadrupedsbe correctly quoted, as it is stated to be "a very excellent and learned work," Mr. Fennell must have been a better naturalist than geographer, for he says of the beech marten:

"In Selkirkshire it has been observed to descend to the shore at night time to feed upon mollusks, particularly upon the large basket mussel (Mytilus modiolus)."

Selkirkshire, as you well know, is an inland county, nowhere approaching the sea by many miles: I would fain hope, for Mr. Fennell's sake, that Selkirkshire is either a misprint or a misquotation.

J. Ss.

Begging the Question(Vol. viii., p. 640.).â€”This is a common logical fallacy,petitio principii; and the first known use of the phrase is to be found in Aristotle,Ï„á½¸ á¼Î½ á¼€ÏÏ‡á¿† á¼€Î¹Ï„Îµá¿–ÏƒÎ¸Î±Î¹(Topics, b.VIII. ch. xiii., Bohn's edition), where the five ways of "begging the question," as also the contraries thereof, are set forth. In thePrior Analytics(b.II. ch. xvi.) he gives one instance from mathematiciansâ€”

"who fancy that they describe parallel lines, for they deceive themselves by assuming such things as they cannot demonstrate unless they are parallel. Hence it occurs to those who thus syllogise to say that each thing is, if it is; and thus everything will be known through itself, which is impossible."

T. J. Buckton.

Birmingham.

Termination "-by"(Vol. viii., p. 105.).â€”On going over an alphabetical list of places from A to G, I obtained these results:

Results of a similar character were obtained in reference to-thorp,-trop,-thrup, or-drop; Lincoln again heading the list, but closely followed by Norfolk, then Leicester, Notts, &c.

B. H. C.

German Tree(Vol. viii., p. 619.; Vol. ix., p. 65.).â€”Eryxhas mistaken my Query owing to its vagueness. When I said, "Is this the first notice of a German tree in England?" I meant, "Is this the first notice of a German-tree-in-England?" and not "Is this the first notice-in-England of a German-tree?" asEryxunderstood it.

Zeus.

Celtic Etymology(Vol. ix., p. 40.).â€”If thehmust be "exhasperated" (as Matthews used to say) in words adopted into the English language, how does it happen that we never hear it inhour,honour,heir,honest, andhumour? Will E. C. H. be so kind as to inform me on this point? With regard to the wordhumble, in support of thehbeing silent, I have seen it stated in a dictionary, but by whom I cannot call to mind, in a list of words nearly spelled alike, and whose sound is the same:

"Humble, low, submissive.""Umbles, the entrails of a deer."

"Humble, low, submissive."

"Umbles, the entrails of a deer."

Hence the point of the sarcasm "He will be made to eathumblepie;" and it serves in this instance to show that thehis silent when the word is properly pronounced.

The two wordsisiolandirisiol, properlyuirisiol, which E. C. H. has stated to be the original Celtic words signifyinghumble, have quite a different meaning: forisiolis quietly, silently, without noise; anduirisiolmeans, sneaking, cringing, crawling, terms which could not be applied without injustice to a really humble honest person. The Iberno-PhÅ“nicianumalbears in itself evidence that it is not borrowed from any other language, for the two syllables are intelligible apart from each other; and the word can be at once reduced to its rootum, to which the Sanscrit wordkshama, as given by E. C. H., bears no resemblance whatever.

Fras. Crossley.

Recent Curiosities of Literature(Vol. ix., p. 31.).â€”Your correspondentMr. Cuthbert Bedehas done well in directing Mr. Thackeray's attention to the error of substituting "candle" for "candlestick," at p. 47. ofThe Newcomes; but it appears that the author discovered the error, and made a clumsy effort to rectify it; for he elsewhere gives us to understand, that she died of a wound in her temple, occasioned by coming into contact with the stone stairs. See H. Newcome's letter.

The following curiosity of literature lately appeared in the London papers, in a biographical notice of the late Viscount Beresford, which is inserted in theNaval and Military Gazetteof January 14, 1854:

"Of honorary badges he had, first, A cross dependent from seven clasps: this indicated his having been present in eleven battles during the Peninsular War. His name was unaccountably omitted in thereturn of those present at Ciudad Rodrigo. When Her Majesty gracefully extended the honorary distinctions to all the survivors of the great war, Lord Beresford received thePeninsularmedal, with two clasps, forEgyptand Ciudad Rodrigo."

The expression should have been "the silver medal," not "Peninsular;" as, among the names of battles engraved on the clasps attached to the silver war-medals, granted in 1849, will be found the words "Martinique," "Fort DÃ©troit," "Chateauguay," "Chrystler's Farm," and "Egypt."

Juverna.

D. O. M.(Vol. iii, p. 173.).â€”I am surprised that there should be the least doubt that the above are the initials of "Datur omnibus mori."

R. W. D.

Dr. John Taylor(Vol. viii., p. 299.).â€”There are several errors in the communication of S. R. He states that "Dr. John Taylor was buried at Kirkstead, Lancashire, where his tomb is distinguished by the following simple inscription."

1. Kirkstead is in Lincolnshire.

2. Dr. John Taylor lies interred in the burial-ground attached to the Presbyterian Chapel at Chowbent, near Bolton, in Lancashire.

3. The inscription on the tombstone is as follows:

"Here is interred the Rev. John Taylor, D.D., of Warrington, formerly of Norwich, who died March 5, 1761, aged 66."

4. The inscription given by S. R. is on a slab in the chapel at Chowbent. I may add that this inscription was drawn up by Dr. Enfield.

Thomas Baker.

Manchester.

Lines attributed to Hudibras(Vol. i., p. 211.).â€”

"For he that fights and runs away,May live to fight another day."

"For he that fights and runs away,

May live to fight another day."

In so far as I can understand from the various articles in "N. & Q." regarding the above quotation, itisto be found in theMusarum DeliciÃ¦, 12mo., 1656. There is a copy of this volume now lying before me, the title-page of which runs thus:

"Musarum DeliciÃ¦, or the Muses' Recreation; containing severall pieces of Poetique Wit. The second edition, by SrJ. M. and Ja. S. London: Printed by J. G. for Henry Herringman, and are to be sold at his Shop, at the Signe of the Anchor in the New Exchange, 1656."

This copy seems to have at one time belonged to Longmans, as it is described in theBib. An. Poetica, having the signatures of "Orator Henly," "Ritson," and "J. Park." I have read this volume over carefully twice, and I must confess my inability to find any such two lines as the above noted, there. As I do not think Mr. Cunningham, in hisHandbook of London, orDr. Rimbault, would mislead any one, I am afraid my copy, being a second edition, may be incomplete; and as I certainly did not get the volume fornothing, will either of these gentlemen, or any other of the readers of "N. & Q.," who have seen other editions, let me know this?

There is a question asked byMelanionregarding theentirequotation, which I have not yet seen answered, which is,â€”

"For he that fights and runs away,May live to fight another day;But he that is in battle slain,Can never hope to fight again."

"For he that fights and runs away,

May live to fight another day;

But he that is in battle slain,

Can never hope to fight again."

Are these last two lines in theMusarum DeliciÃ¦? or are these four lines to be found anywhere in conjunction? If this could be found, it would in my opinion settle the question.

S. Wmson.

"Corporations have no Souls," &c.(Vol. viii., p. 587.).â€”In Poynder'sLiterary Extracts, under the title "Corporations," there occurs the following passage:

"Lord Chancellor Thurlow said that corporations have neither bodies to be punished, nor souls to be condemned; they therefore do as they like."

There are also two long extracts, one from Cowper'sTask, bookIV., and the other from theLife of Wilberforce, vol. ii., Appendix, bearing on the same subject.

Arch. Weir.

Lord Mayor of London a Privy Councillor(Vol. iv.passim).â€”Mr. Serjeant Merewether, Town Clerk to the Corporation of London, in his examination before the City Corporation Commission, said that it had been the practice from time immemorial, to summon the Lord Mayor of London to thefirstPrivy Council held after the demise of the crown. (TheStandard, Jan. 13, 1854, p. i. col. 5.)

L. Hartly.

Booty's Case(Vol. iii., p. 170.).â€”A story resembling that of "Old Booty" is to be found in St. Gregory the Great'sDialogues, iii. 30., where it is related that a hermit saw Theodoric thrown into the crater of Lipari by two of his victims, Pope John and Symmachus.

J. C. R.

"Sat cito, si sat bene"(Vol. vii. p. 594.).â€”St. Jerome (Ep. lxvi. Â§ 9., ed. Vallars) quotes this as a maxim of Cato's.

J. C. R.

Celtic and Latin Languages(Vol. ix., p. 14.).â€”Allow me to suggest to T. H. T. that the wordGallus, a Gaul, is not,of course, the same as the IrishGal, a stranger. Is it not rather the Latin form ofGaoithil(pronouncedGaelorGaul), the generic appellation of our Erse population? In Welsh it isGwydyl, to this day their term for an Irishman.

Gaoll, stranger, is used inErseto denote a foreign settler,e.g.the Earl of Caithness is Morphear (pronouncedMorar)Gaoll, the stranger great man; being lord of a corner of the land inhabited by a foreign race.

Galloway, on the other hand, takes its name from theGael, being possessed by a colony of that people from Kintyre, &c., who long retained the name of the wildScots[5]of Galloway, to distinguish them from the Brets or British inhabitants of the rest of the border.

Francis John Scott, M.A.

Holy Trinity, Tewkesbury.

Footnote 5:(return)Scot or Scott is applied only to the men of Gaelic extraction in our old records.

Scot or Scott is applied only to the men of Gaelic extraction in our old records.

Brydone the Tourist's Birth-place(Vol. vii., p. 108.).â€”According to Chambers'sLives of Scotsmen, vol. i. p. 384., 1832, Brydone was the son of a clergyman in the neighbourhood of Dumbarton, where he was born in the year 1741. When he came to England, he was engaged as travelling preceptor by Mr. Beckford, to whom hisTour through Sicily and Maltais addressed. In a copy of this work, now before me, I find the following remarks written in pencil:

"These travels are written in a very plausible style, but little dependence is to be placed upon their veracity. Brydone never was on the summit of Ã†tna, although he describes the prospect from it in such glowing colours."

It is right to add, that the writer of these remarks was long a resident in Italy, and in constant habits of intercourse with the most distinguished scholars of that country.

J. Macray.

Oxford.

The second volume ofMurray's British Classics, which is also the second of Mr. Cunningham's edition ofThe Works of Oliver Goldsmith, fully justifies all we said in commendation of its predecessor. It contains Goldsmith'sEnquiry into the State of Polite Literature in Europe, and his admirable series of letters, entitledThe Citizen of the World. Mr. Cunningham tells us that "he has been careful to mark all Goldsmith's own notes with his name;" his predecessors having in some instances adopted them as their own, and in others omitted them altogether, although they are at times curiously illustrative of the text. We are glad to see that Mr. Murray announces a new edition, revised and greatly enlarged, of Mr. Foster's valuableLife of Goldsmith, uniform with the present collection of Goldsmith's writings.

Memorials of the Canynges Family and their Times; Westbury College, Redcliffe Church, and Chatterton, by George Pryce, is the somewhat abbreviated title of a goodly octavo volume, on which Mr. Pryce has bestowed great industry and research, and by which he hopes to clear away the mists of error which have overshadowed the story of the Canynges family during the Middle Ages, and to show their connexion with the erection or restoration of Westbury College and Redcliff Church. As Mr. Pryce has some few inedited memoranda relating to Chatterton, he has done well to incorporate them in a volume dedicated in some measure to the history of Bristol's "Merchant Prince."

Poetical Works of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, Minor Contemporaneous Poets, and Thomas Sackville, Lord Buckhurst, edited by Robert Bell, forms the second volume of Parker'sAnnotated Edition of the British Poets. Availing himself, very properly, of the labours of his predecessors, Mr. Bell has given us very agreeable and valuable memoirs of Surrey and Buckhurst; and we have no doubt that this cheap edition of their works will be the means of putting them into the hands of many readers to whom they were before almost entirely unknown.

The Library Committee of the Society of Antiquaries, having had under their consideration the state of the engraved portraits in the possession of the Society, consulted one of the Fellows, Mr. W. Smith, as to the best mode of arrangement. That gentleman, having gone through the collection, advised that in future the Society should chiefly direct its attention to the formation of a series ofengraved Portraits of the Fellows, and with great liberality presented about one hundred and fifty such portraits as his contribution towards such collection. Mr. Smith's notion is certainly a very happy one: and we mention that and his very handsome donation, in hopes of thereby rendering as good service to the Society's Collection of Portraits, as we are glad to learn has been rendered to their matchless Series of Proclamations by our occasional notices of them.

Wanted To Purchase.

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J. D. (Cheltenham).The work you allude to is Wace'sRoman de Brut,which was published under the editorship of M. Le Roux de Lincy in 1836.

B. O.The paginal references are omitted to the extracts from Mr. Buckley's translation of Ã†schylus; but probably the original text would solve the Query.

R.The print of a bishop burnt in Smithfield cannot be identified without a sight of the engraving.

G. D.For the origin of Plough Monday, see Brady'sClavis Calendaria,vol. i. pp. 160-162.; and Brand'sPopular Antiquities,vol. i. pp. 505-508. (Bohn's edition).

A Communication fromDr. Diamondon the manufacture of collodion, and also a very interesting one fromMr. J. Maxwell Lyte,in our next Number.

Anonymous Photographic Correspondent.We have given in former Numbers admirable formulÃ¦ for printing positives.Mr. Pollock's mode on albumenised paper produces beautiful results, as does also the more simple one recommended byDr. Diamond.In one of our earliest Photographic communications an iodized form was given which may be used by feeble or artificial light, and which is highly useful.

A. R. (Bombay).Iodide of silver should not be dried for photographic purposes after it is formed; therefore you must rest contented to approach the nearest you can to the requisite quantity by careful manipulation. A note appended to our photographic article in this Number sufficiently indicates how often we must depend upon our own judgment, and how difficult it is to reduce Photography to exact laws when the substances used are so constantly varying.

T. M.The sample sent of Whatman's writing-paper iodizes most beautifully. It has always been the case that paper made for ordinary purposes is often much better than that made for Photography alone.

Our Eighth Volumeis now bound and ready for delivery, price 10s. 6d., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Volumes are being made up, price 4l. 4s.â€”For these early application is desirable.

"Notes and Queries"is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

CHRONICLES OF THE ANCIENT BRITISH CHURCH, previous to the Arrival of St. Augustine,A. D.596. Second Edition. Post 8vo. Price 5s.cloth.

"A work of great utility to general readers."â€”Morning Post."The author has collected with much industry and care all the information which can throw light on his subject."â€”Guardian."Not unworthy the attention of our clerical friends."â€”Notes and Queries, ii. 453.

"A work of great utility to general readers."â€”Morning Post.

"The author has collected with much industry and care all the information which can throw light on his subject."â€”Guardian.

"Not unworthy the attention of our clerical friends."â€”Notes and Queries, ii. 453.

London: WERTHEIM & MACINTOSH, 24. Paternoster Row, and of all Booksellers.

WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL, Broad Sanctuary, opposite Westminster Abbey.â€”This Hospital was instituted in the year 1719, and is the oldest hospital in England supported by voluntary contributions. The high prices of provisions and coals have materially increased the current expenditure, and a sum of not less than 800l.is required to meet the payment of the tradesmen's bills to Christmas last. 16,000 persons are relieved annually, and the doors of the Hospital are open night and day for the reception of cases of accident and urgent disease. The Committee earnestly entreat the aid of the benevolent at the present time.

Donations and subscriptions will be thankfully received by MESSRS. BOUVERIE & CO., 11. Haymarket; MESSRS. HOARE & CO., Fleet Street; by the HON. P. PLEYDELL BOUVERIE, and P. R. HOARE, ESQ., the joint Treasurers; or by the Secretary at the Hospital.

F. G. WILSON, Secretary.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price and Description of upwards of 100 articles consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS

Ladies' Portmanteaus,

DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES and other travelling requisites, Gratis on application or sent free by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had considerable experience.

1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.

MR. KEIGHTLEY'S HISTORICAL AND CLASSICAL WORKS.

These works are used at the chief public schools, and by the tutors at the Universities, and are admirably adapted for private and self-instruction.

WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.

COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton: certainty and uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent in the hands of the photographer. Albumenised paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s.per Quire.

Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.

Instruction in the Processes.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.

***Catalogues sent on application.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.â€”OTTEWILL & MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian Road. Islington. OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn: the Photographic Institution, Bond Street: and at the Manufactory as above, where every description of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The Trade supplied.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODIONâ€”J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of Photography. Instruction in the Art.

THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per Post, 1s.2d.

PHOTOGRAPHY.â€”HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes, specimen of which may be seen at their Establishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.â€”123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.â€”D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square (establishedA.D.1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25 Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial, signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:â€”"We, the undersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. HassÃ©, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F. Klallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H. Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E. Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.

D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.

IN A FEW DAYS.

By the REV. J. L. PETIT.

With Numerous Illustrations from Drawings by P. H. DELAMOTTE, and by the AUTHOR.

Imperial 8vo.

GEORGE BELL, 186. FLEET STREET.

3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.

Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

Trustees.â€”W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.,T. Grissell, Esq.Physician.â€”William Rich. Basham, M.D.Bankers.â€”Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in three-fourths of the Profits:â€”

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s.6d., Second Edition, with material additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.

POLICY HOLDERS in other COMPANIES, and intending Assurers generally, are invited to examine the Rates, Principles, and Progress of the SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, the only Society in which the Advantages of Mutual Assurances can be secured by moderate Premiums. Established 1837. Number of Policies issued 6,400, assuring upwards of Two and a Half Millions.

Full Reports and every Information had (Free) on Application.

***Policies are now issued Free of Stamp Duty; and attention is invited to the circumstance that Premiums payable for Life Assurance are now allowed as a Deduction from Income in the Returns for Income Tax.

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