BINGHAM'S ANTIQUITIES.

"Prens garde au jour St. Vincent,Car sy ce jour tu vois et sentQue le soleil soiet cler et biau,Nous érons du vin plus que d'eau."

"Prens garde au jour St. Vincent,

Car sy ce jour tu vois et sent

Que le soleil soiet cler et biau,

Nous érons du vin plus que d'eau."

These lines follow immediately after the rhymed prognostications to be drawn from the state of the weather on St. Paul's Day, Jan. 28. As theseverses differ from those quoted in Brand, from anAlmanackprinted at Basle in 1672, I here give the Guernsey copy:

"Je te donneray ugne doctryneQui te vauldra d'or ugne myne;Et sordement sur moy te fonde,Car je dure autant que ce monde:Et sy te veulx byen advertirEt que je ne veulx point mentir.De mortaylle guerre ou chertey,[A line appears to be lost here]Si le jour St. Paul le conversSe trouve byaucob descouvert,L'on aura pour celle saysonDu bled et du foyn à foyson;Et sy se jour fait vant sur terre,Ce nous synyfye guerre;S'yl pleut ou nège sans fallirLe chier tans nous doet asalir;Si de nyelle faict, brunes ou brouillars,Selon le dyt de nos vyellars,Mortalitey nous est ouverte."

"Je te donneray ugne doctryne

Qui te vauldra d'or ugne myne;

Et sordement sur moy te fonde,

Car je dure autant que ce monde:

Et sy te veulx byen advertir

Et que je ne veulx point mentir.

De mortaylle guerre ou chertey,

[A line appears to be lost here]

Si le jour St. Paul le convers

Se trouve byaucob descouvert,

L'on aura pour celle sayson

Du bled et du foyn à foyson;

Et sy se jour fait vant sur terre,

Ce nous synyfye guerre;

S'yl pleut ou nège sans fallir

Le chier tans nous doet asalir;

Si de nyelle faict, brunes ou brouillars,

Selon le dyt de nos vyellars,

Mortalitey nous est ouverte."

Another line appears to be omitted here; then follow immediately the lines on St. Vincent's Day.

Edgar MacCulloch.

Guernsey.

The following is copied from an old manuscript collection of curiosities in my possession. I should be glad to know the author's name, and that of the book[3]from which it is taken:—

"Observations on Remarkable Days, to know how the whole Year will succeed in Weather, Plenty, &c."If it be lowering or wet on Childermas or Innocence Day, it threatens scarcity and mortality among the weaker sort of young people; but if the day be very fair, it promiseth plenty."If New Year's Day, in the morning, open with dusky red clouds, it denotes strifes and debates among great ones, and many robberies to happen that year."It is remarkable on Shrove Tuesday, that as the sun shine little or much on that day, or as other weather happens, so shall every day participate more or less of such weather till the end of Lent."If the sun shines clear on Palm Sunday, or Easter Day, or either of them, there will be great store of fair weather, plenty of corn, and other fruits of the earth."If it rains on Ascension Day, though never so little, it foretells a scarcity to ensue that year, and sickness particularly among cattle; but if it be fair and pleasant, then to the contrary, and pleasant weather mostly till Michaelmas."If it happen to rain on Whitsunday, much thunder and lightning will follow, blasts, mildews, &c. But if it be fair, great plenty of corn."If Midsummer Day be never so little rainy, the hazel and walnut will be scarce, corn smitten in many places; but apples, pear and plums will not be hurt."If on St. Swithin's Day it proves fair, a temperate winter will follow; but if rainy, stormy, or windy, then the contrary."If St. Bartholomew Day be misty, the morning beginning with a hoar frost, then cold weather will soon ensue, and a sharp winter attended with many biting frosts."If Michaelmas Day be fair, the sun will shine much in the winter; though the wind at north-east will frequently reign long, and be very sharp, and nipping."

"Observations on Remarkable Days, to know how the whole Year will succeed in Weather, Plenty, &c.

"If it be lowering or wet on Childermas or Innocence Day, it threatens scarcity and mortality among the weaker sort of young people; but if the day be very fair, it promiseth plenty.

"If New Year's Day, in the morning, open with dusky red clouds, it denotes strifes and debates among great ones, and many robberies to happen that year.

"It is remarkable on Shrove Tuesday, that as the sun shine little or much on that day, or as other weather happens, so shall every day participate more or less of such weather till the end of Lent.

"If the sun shines clear on Palm Sunday, or Easter Day, or either of them, there will be great store of fair weather, plenty of corn, and other fruits of the earth.

"If it rains on Ascension Day, though never so little, it foretells a scarcity to ensue that year, and sickness particularly among cattle; but if it be fair and pleasant, then to the contrary, and pleasant weather mostly till Michaelmas.

"If it happen to rain on Whitsunday, much thunder and lightning will follow, blasts, mildews, &c. But if it be fair, great plenty of corn.

"If Midsummer Day be never so little rainy, the hazel and walnut will be scarce, corn smitten in many places; but apples, pear and plums will not be hurt.

"If on St. Swithin's Day it proves fair, a temperate winter will follow; but if rainy, stormy, or windy, then the contrary.

"If St. Bartholomew Day be misty, the morning beginning with a hoar frost, then cold weather will soon ensue, and a sharp winter attended with many biting frosts.

"If Michaelmas Day be fair, the sun will shine much in the winter; though the wind at north-east will frequently reign long, and be very sharp, and nipping."

Ruby.

Footnote 3:(return)The Shepherd's Kalendar, by Thomas Passenger. See "N. & Q." Vol. viii., p. 50., where many of his observations are quoted.—Ed.

The Shepherd's Kalendar, by Thomas Passenger. See "N. & Q." Vol. viii., p. 50., where many of his observations are quoted.—Ed.

(Vol. ix., p. 197.)

I beg to send to your correspondentMr. Richard Binghamthe following replies to his seven Queries.

1. If there be any use in verifying so slight a verbal reference to Panormitan, one of whose huge folios, Venet. 1473, I have examined in vain, perhaps the object might be attained by the assistance of such a book as Thomassin'sVetus et Nova Ecclesiæ Disciplina, in the chapter "De Episcopis Titularibus," tom. i.

2. Bishop Bale's description of the monks of Bangor is to be found in hisScriptor. Britann. Catal.Compare Richard Broughton'sTrue Memorial of the ancient State of Great Britain, pp. 39. 40, ed. an. 1650.

3. I should think in hisColloquies, and most probably in thePeregrinatio Religionis ergo. Erasmus, in hisModus orandi Deum, also observes that "quidam in concionibus implorant opem Virginis," and condemns the "vestigia veteris Paganismi." (sigg.uands2, Basil, 1551.)

4. Respecting the existence of what is called the Epistle of St. Athanasius to Eustathius, Cardinal Bona was right and Bingham in error. Vide St. Athan.,Opp.ii. 560, ed. Bened.

5. Bingham was seriously astray in consequence of his misunderstanding Bona, who does not by any means refer to Pamelius, but to the anonymous author of theAntiquitatum Liturgicarum Syntagma, who is believed to have been Florentius Vanderhaer. If Pamelius is to be introduced at all, the reference in Bingham should be, not to "tom. iii. p. 307.," but to i. 328-30. I would remark too that, in the heading of one of the extracts subjoined, "ex Vita Ambrosiana," should be "ex Ritu Ambrosiano."

6. Joannes Semeca did not flourishA.D.1250, but died in 1243. Suicer wrongly refers to "Dist. IV. cap. iv.," and Harding, more inaccurately, to "Dist. IV.can.iv." (Bp. Jewel'sWorks,ed. Jelf, i. 419.) Cap. xxviii. is the one intended, and there is no corruption whatsoever.

7. Joseph Bingham was only closely following Barrow. The first edition of De la Bigne'sBibliotheca Patrum, tom. i., also has the evidently senseless reading, "ista quidamego," instead of "nego," about which see Comber'sRoman Forgeries, ii. 187. For MSS. of the Epistles of Pope Symmachus, your correspondent may consult the Carmelite Lud. Jacob à S. Carolo'sBibliotheca Pontifica, p. 216.; or, much more successfully, De Montfaucon'sBibliotheca Bibliothecarum Manuscriptorum, Paris, 1739.

R. G.

ShouldMr. Richard Binghamnot yet have verified the reference to Erasmus, I beg to furnish him with the means of doing so but I am tolerably certain that I recollect having met with another place in which this admirable writer more fully censures those preachers of his Church who, at the commencement of their sermons, called upon the Virgin Mary for assistance, in a manner somewhat similar to that in which heathen poets used to invoke the Muses. The following passage, however, may be quite sufficient for your correspondent's purpose:

"Sed si est fons gratiæ, quid opus est illi dicere Ora pro nobis? Non est probabile eam consuetudinem à gravibus viris inductam, sed ab inepto quopiam, qui, quòd didicerat apud Poëtas propositioni succedere invocationem, pro Musa supposuit Mariam."—Des. Erasmi Roterod.Apologia adversus Rhapsodias calumniosarum querimoniarum Alberti Pii, quondam Carporum Principis, p. 168. Basil. in off. Froben. 1531.

R. G.

(Vol. ix., p. 173.)

About the close of the tenth century (and perhaps much earlier) there began to arise two distinct modes of holding or possessing land: the one afeud,i.e.a stipendiary estate; the otherallodium, the phrase applied to that species of property which had become vested by allotment in the conquerors of the country. The stipendiary held of a superior; the allodialist of no one, but enjoyed his land as free and independent property. The interest of the stipendiary did not originally extend beyond his own life, but in course of time it acquired an hereditary character which led to the practice of subinfeudation; for the stipendiary or feudatory, considering himself as substantially the owner, began to imitate the example of his lord by carving out portions of the feud to be held of himself by some other person, on the terms and conditions similar to those of the original grant. Here B. must be looked upon as only vassal to A., his superior or lord; and although feuds did not originally extend beyond the life of the first vassal, yet in process of time they were extended to his heirs, so that when the feudatory died, his male descendants were admitted to the succession, and in default of them, then such of his male collateral kindred as were of the blood of the first feudatory, but no others; therefore, in default of these, it would consequently revert to A., who had a reversionary interest in the feud capable of taking effect as soon as B.'s interest should determine. If the subinfeudatory lord alienated, it would operate as a forfeiture to the person in immediate reversion.

W. T. T.

As a very brief reply to the queries of J. B., permit me to make the following observations.

The Queen is lady paramount of all the lands in England; every estate in land being holden, immediately or mediately, of the crown. This doctrine was settled shortly after the Norman Conquest, and is still an axiom of law.

Until the statuteQuia Emptores, 18 Edw. I., a tenant in fee simple might grant lands to be holden by the grantee and his heirsof the grantor and his heirs, subject to feudal services and to escheat; and by such subinfeudation manors were created.

The above-named statute forbade the future subinfeudation of lands, and consequently hindered the further creation of manors. Since the statute a seller of the fee can but transfer his tenure. There are instances in which one manor is holden of another, both having been created before the statute.

In the instance mentioned by J. B. it is presumed that the hamlet escheated to the heirs of A. on failure of the heirs of B. (See the statuteDe Donis Conditionalibus, 13 Edw. I.)

It is not, and never was, necessary, or even possible, that the lord of a manor should be the owner of all the lands therein; on the contrary, if he were, there would be no manor; for a manor cannot subsist without a court baron, and there can be no such court unless there arefreeholdtenants (at least two in number) holding of the lord. The land retained by the lord consists of his own demesne and the wastes, which last comprise the highways and commons. If the lord should alienate all the lands, but retain his lordship, the latter becomes aseignory in gross.

Such was and is the tenure of lands in England, so far as concerns the queries of J. B. He will find the subject lucidly explained at great length in the second volume of Blackstone'sCommentaries.

I. Ctus.

Lincoln's Inn.

I think that J. B. will find in Blackstone, or any elementary book on the law of real property, all the information which he requires. The case which he puts was, I suppose, the common caseof subinfeudation before the statute ofQuia Emptores, 18 Edw. I. A., the feoffor, reserved to himself no estate or reversion in the land, but the seignory only, with the rent and services, by virtue of which he might again become entitled to the land by escheat, as for want of heirs of the feoffee, or by forfeiture, as for felony. If the feoffment were in tail, the land would then, as now, revert on failure of issue, unless the entail had been previously barred. The right of alienation was gradually acquired; the above statute ofQuia Emptoreswas the most important enactment in that behalf. With this exception, and the right to devise and to bar entails, the lords of manors have the same interest in the land held by freeholders of the manor that they had in times of subinfeudation. (Blackstone'sComm., vol. ii. ch. 287., may be carefully consulted.)

H. P.

Lincoln's Inn.

Spots on Collodion Pictures, &c.—The principal difficulty I experience in the collodion process is occasioned by the appearance of numberless very minute spots or points over the whole extent of the picture. These occurring on the whites of my pictures (positives) give them a rough, rubbed, appearance and want ofdensity, which I should feel obliged if any of your correspondents can teach me how to overcome.

One of your photographic querists inquires the remedy for his calotype negatives darkening all over before the minor details are brought out. I had for a long time been troubled in the same way, but by diminishing the aperture of my three-inch lens to half an inch, and reducing the strength of my sensitising solution to that given byDr. Diamond, and, in addition, by developing with gallic acid alone until the picture became tolerably distinct in all its parts, and then applying the gallo-nitrate, I have quite succeeded in obtaining first-rate negatives. It is well to prepare only a small quantity of aceto-nitrate at once, as the acetic acid is of a sufficiently volatile nature to escape from the solution, which is a not unfrequent cause of the general darkening of the picture. It would be well to substitute a more fixed acid for the acetic if this be practicable, as it is in the collodion process, where tartaric is recommended.

H. C. Cowley.

Devizes, Wilts.

The Double Iodide Solution.—The great difference in the quantity of iodide of potassium ordered by different persons, to dissolve a given weight of iodide of silver in a given volume of water, has induced me to make some experiments on the subject. I find that using pure nitrate of silver, and perfectly pure iodide of potassium (part of a parcel for which Mr. Arnold, who manufactures iodine on a large scale in this island, got a medal at the Exhibition of 1851), the quantity of iodide of potassium required varies,cæteris paribus, to the extent of 15 per cent., with the quantity of water added to the iodide of silver before adding the iodide of potassium; the minimum required being when the two salts act on each other in as dry a form as possible. Take the precipitate of iodide of silver, got by decomposing 100 grains of nitrate of silver with 97.66 grains of iodide of potassium; drain off the last water completely, so that the precipitate occupies not more than five or six drachms by measure; throw on it 640 grains of iodide of potassium; rapid solution ensues; when perfectly clear, add water up to four ounces: the solution remains unclouded. But if two or three ounces of water had been first poured on the iodide of silver, 680 grains, as I stated in my former paper, would have been required, and perhaps 734. Therationaleis, I suppose, that in a concentrated form the salts act on each other with greater energy, and a smaller quantity of the solvent is required than if it is diluted. Many analogous cases occur in chemistry. I hope this little experiment will be useful to others, as a saving of 15 per cent. on the iodide of potassium is gained. As a large body of precipitated iodide of silver can be more completely drained than a smaller quantity, in practice it will be found that small precipitates require a few grains more than I have stated: thus, throw on the precipitate of iodide of silver (got from 150 grains of nitrate), drained dry, 960 grains of iodide of potassium; solution rapidly ensues, which, being made up to six ounces, the whole remains perfectly clear; whereas the iodide of silver thrown down from 50 grains of nitrate, similarly treated with 320 grains of iodide of potassium, and made up to two ounces (the proportional quantities), will probably require 10 or 15 grains more of iodide to effect perfect solution, the reason being that it contained a greater quantity of waterpro ratâthan the first.

The following table, showing the exact quantities of iodide of potassium required to decompose 50, 100, and 150 grains of nitrate of silver, the resulting weight of iodide of silver, and the weight of iodide of potassium to make a clear solution up to 2, 4, and 6 ounces, will often be found useful:

Grs.

Nitrate of silver

100

150

Iodide of potassium

48.83

97.66

146.49

Iodide of silver

68.82

137.64

206.46

Iodide of potassium

320

640

960

Water up to

2 oz.

4 oz.

6 oz.

T. L. Mansell, A.B., M.D.

Guernsey.

Mounting Photographs(Vol. ix., p. 282.).—J. L. S. will find the "Indian-rubber glue," which is sold in tin cases, the simplest and cleanest substance for mounting positives; it also possesses the advantage of being free from the attacks of insects.

Seleucus.

Books on Bells(Vol. ix., p. 240.).—Add toMr. Ellacombe'scurious list of books on bells the following:

"Duo Vota consultiva, unum de Campanis, alterum de Cœmeteriis. In quibus de utriusque antiquitate,consecratione, usu et effectibus plenè agitur, pluraque scitu dignissima ad propositi casus, aliorumque in praxi, hac de re occurrentium decisionem, non injucunde adducuntur. Auctore D. Augustino Barbosa, Protonotario Apostolico, Eminentissimorum DD. Cardinalium Sacræ Congregationis Indicis Consultore, Abbate de Mentrestido, ac insignis Ecclesiæ Vimarensis Thesaurario majore." [4to., no place nor date.]

I have here given the full title of a pamphlet of 112 pages, exclusive of title, which I purchased about twenty years since of Rodd, the honourable and intelligent bookseller of Great Newport Street. It came from the library of Professor J. F. Vandevelde of Louvaine. Some former possessor has written before the title, "Quamvis tantum libellus tamen rarissimus," and it is, perhaps, the only copy in this country. It is not in the Bodleian catalogue, nor was it in Mr. Douce's library.

P. B.

Medal in Honour of Chevalier St. George(Vol. ix., p. 105).—A. S. inquires about a medal supposed to have been struck in honour of Prince James (Chevalier St. George); but his account of it is so vague, that I am unable to answer his question. If he will describe the medal, or state the grounds upon which he supposes such a medal to have existed, I will endeavour to solve his doubts.

Dean Swift's Suspension(Vol. ix., p. 244).—I am surprised thatAbhbashould express a belief that the circumstances of Swift's college punishment have not been noticed byany of his biographers, when every syllable of his communication is detailed (with original documentary proofs) in Dr. Barrett'sEarly Life of Swift, and is in substance repeated in Sir Walter Scott'sLife, prefixed to Swift's works.

"Vanitatem observare" (Vol. ix., p. 247).—I am sorry to have given your correspondent F. C. H. a wrong reference, and I am notquitesure about the right one; but I think it is to a Latin translation of the Council of Laodicea,A.D.366, c. 36.

R. H. G.

Ballina Castle, Mayo(Vol. viii., p. 411.).—I have no idea to what place O. L. R. G. can allude as Ballina Castle; there is no place, ancient or modern, about that town, that has that name; and the only place with the title of castle in the neighborhood, is a gentleman's modern residence of no great pretensions either as to size or beauty. He perhaps alludes to Belleck Abbey, which is a fine building; but, notwithstanding its title, is of still more modern date than the so-called castle. I am not aware of any recent historical or descriptive work on the county generally. Cæsar Otway, Maxwell, and theSaxon in Ireland, have confined their descriptions to the "Wild West;" and the crowd of tourists appear to follow in their track, leaving the far finer central and eastern districts untouched. The first-named tourist appears to have projected another work on the county, but never published it.

J. S. Warden.

Dorset(Vol. ix., p. 247.).—Naresgives various spellings, asdouset,dowset,doulcet, but in all equally derived fromdulcet, "sweet;" and Halliwell has "doucet drinkes;" so that the great Manchester philosopher had probably been indulging in a too copious libation of some sweet wine, which he styles "foolish Dorset."

F. R. R.

Dorchester beer had acquired a very great name, and was sent about England. Out of the shire it was called "Dorset Beer," or "Dorset." That town has lost its fame for brewing beer.

G. R. L.

Judicial Rank hereditary(Vol. viii., p. 384.).—Such a list as your correspondent gives is not easily paralleled, it is true, in the judicial annals of England or Ireland; but in Scotland he might have found cases in considerable number to equal or surpass those which he mentions: for instance, in the family of Dundas of Arniston, respecting which I find the following note in theQuarterly Review, vol. lvii. p. 462.:

"The series is so remarkable, that we subjoin the details:—Sir James Dundas, judge of the Court of Session, 1662; Robert Dundas, son of Sir James, judge of the Court of Session from 1689 to 1727; Robert Dundas, son of the last, successively Solicitor-General and Lord Advocate, M.P. for the county of Edinburgh, judge of the Court of Session 1737, Lord President 1748, died in 1753 (father of Henry, Viscount Melville); Robert Dundas, son of the last, successively Solicitor-General and Lord Advocate, and member for the county, Lord President from 1760 to 1787; Robert Dundas, son of the last, successively Solicitor-General and Lord Advocate, Lord Chief Baron from 1801 to 1819; all these judges, except the Chief Baron, had been known in Scotland by the title of Lord Arniston. They were, we need hardly add, all men of talents, but the two Lords President Arniston were of superior eminence in legal and constitutional learning."

The Hope family, and some other Scottish ones, present as numerous a display of legal dignitaries as the above; but the hereditary succession from father to son is perhaps not equalled, certainly not excelled, in any age or country. In fact, let the opponents of hereditary honours say what they will, there is no description of talent except the poetical that has not frequently remained in the same family for several generations unabated.

J. S. Warden.

Tolling the Bell on leaving Church(Vol. ix., p. 125.).—In reply to J. H. M.'s Query, I beg to state that the chief reason for tolling the bell while the congregation is leaving church, is toinform the parishioners who have not been able to attend in the morning, divine service will be celebrated in the afternoon. In scattered villages, or where a single clergyman had to perform the duties of more than one church, this was formerly quite requisite. At a neighbouring village of Tytherly, the custom is still observed, though no longer necessary.

W. S.

There is little doubt that priests in olden times were fond of hot dinners, and the bell at the conclusion of the service must have been intended as a warning to their cooks (and many others) to make ready the repast. This is merely a supposition; but I shall cherish the idea in the want of a better explanation. The custom has been, until very lately, observed in our little country church. There are other customs which are still kept up, namely, that of tolling the church bell at eight o'clock on Sunday morning, and again at nine, as well as that of ringing a small bell when the clergyman enters the reading-desk.

E. W. J.

Crawley, Winchester.

I believe that the custom of tolling the bell when the congregation is leaving the church, is to notify that there will be another service in the day. This is certainly the reason in this parish (in Leicestershire); for after the second service the bell is not tolled, nor if, on any account, there is no afternoon service.

S. S. S.

When I was Lecturer of St. Andrew's, Enfield, the bells rang out a short peculiar peal immediately after Sunday Morning Prayer. I always thought it was probably designed to give notice to approaching funeral processions that the church service was over, as in the country burials—usually there always on Sundays—immediately follow the celebration of morning service.

Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

I beg to inform your correspondent J. H. M. that this is often done at Bray, near Maidenhead.

Newburiensis.

The custom observed at Olney Church after the morning service, I have heard, is to apprize the congregation of a vesper service to follow.

W. P. Storer.

Olney, Bucks.

Archpriest in the Diocese of Exeter(Vol. ix., p. 185.).—Besides the archpriest of Haccombe, there were others in the same diocese; but, to quote the words of Dr. Oliver, in hisMonasticon, Dioc. Exon., p. 287.,

"He would claim no peculiar exemption from the jurisdiction of his ordinary, nor of his archdeacon; he was precisely on the same footing as the superiors of the archpresbyteries at Penkivell, Beerferris, and Whitchurch, which were instituted in this diocese in the early part of the fourteenth century. The foundation deed of the last was the model in founding that of Haccombe."

In the same work copies of the foundation deeds of the archipresbytery of Haccombe and Beer are printed.

One would suppose that wherever there was a collegiate body of clergymen established for the purposes of the daily and nightly offices of the church, as chantry priests, that one of them would be considered the superior, or archipresbyter.

Godolphin, inRep. Can., 56., says that by the canon law, he that is archipresbyter is also calleddean. Query, Would he then be other than "Primus inter pares?"

Prince, in hisWorthies, calls the Rector of Haccombe "a kind of chorepiscopus;" and in a note refers to Dr. FieldOf the Church, lib. v. c. 37.

With regard to the Vicar of Bibury (quoted byMr. Sansom, "N. & Q.," Vol. ix., p. 185.), he founded his exemption from spiritual jurisdiction, I believe, upon his holding aPeculiar, and not as an archpriest.

H. T. Ellacombe.

Clyst St. George.

Dogs in Monumental Brasses(Vol. ix., p. 126.).—I have always understood (but I cannot say on any authority) that the dogs at the feet of monumental effigies of knights were symbolical offidelity. That signification would certainly be very appropriate in monuments ofcrusaders, where, I believe, they are generally found. And I would suggest toMr. Alford, that the idea might not have been confined to fidelity in keeping the vow of the Cross, but might have been extended to other religious vows: in which case the ladies undoubtedly might sometimes claim the canine appendage to their effigies. The lion might perhaps symbolisecourage, in which ladies are not commonly supposed to excel.

M. H. R.

The Last of the Palæologi(Vol. v., pp. 173. 280. 357.).—The following scrap of information may be useful to L. L. L. and others, if too long a time has not gone by since the subject was under discussion. InThe List of the Army raised under the Command of his Excellency Robert Earle of Essex, &c.: London, printed for John Partridge, 1642, of which I have seen a manuscript copy, the name of Theo. Palioligus occurs as Lieutenant in "The Lord Saint John's Regiment."

Edward Peacock.

Bottesford Moors, Kirton in Lindsey.

Long Names(Vol. viii., pp. 539. 651.).—Allow me to add the following polysyllabic names to those supplied by your correspondents:—Llanvairpwllgwyngyll, a living in the diocese of Bangor, became vacant in March, 1850, by the death of its incumbent, the Rev. Richard Prichard, æt.ninety-three. The labour of writing the name of his benefice does not seem to have shortened his days.

The following are the names of twoemployésin the finance department at Madrid:—Don Epifanio Mirurzururdundua y Zengotita;Don Juan Nepomuceno de Burionagonatotorecagogeazcoecha.

There was, until 1851, a major in the British army namedTeyoninhokarawen(one single name).

G. L. S.

Elizabeth Seymour(Vol. ix., p. 174.).—According to Collins,—

"Sir E. Seymour, first baronet, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Arthur Champeirion, of Dartington, co. Devon, by whom he had, besides other issue, a daughter Elizabeth, who married George Cary, of Cockington, co. Devon. Sir Edward Seymour, third baronet, married Anne, daughter of Sir William Portman, and left, besides sons, a daughter, also named Elizabeth, who married Sir Joseph Tredenham, of Tregony in Cornwall, Knight."

These two ladies, whose similarity of name probably caused the confusion, must have lived at least half a century apart.

A. B.

Those who share the well-grounded opinion of Mr. Petit, that we cannot fully enter into the character of English architecture unless we give some attention also to French, German, and Italian, will gladly turn to the very profusely and handsomely-illustrated volume which he has just issued, under the modest title ofArchitectural Studies in France, by the Rev. J. L. Petit, M.A., F.S.A.,with Illustrations from Drawingsby the Author and P. H. Delamotte. It is of course impossible, within the limits of our brief notice, to enter into any examination of Mr. Petit's views upon the subject of Gothic architecture, the principles of which he believes to have been more completely developed at an early period in England than anywhere else; and we must therefore content ourselves with directing attention to the book itself, which will in no small degree supply to the architectural student desirous of studying French buildings, the opportunity of doing so; and that too under the guidance of one well qualified to direct his steps. Mr. Petit has long been known to the antiquarian world as one of our greatest authorities on the subject of Gothic architecture; and his various papers, illustrated by his own bold yet effective sketches in theArchæological Journal, may have prepared some of our readers for a volume of great importance; yet we think even they will be surprised at the interest and beauty of the present book. Mr. Petit, who has had on this occasion the assistance of Mr. Delamotte as a draughtsman, expresses his hope that at some future time he may avail himself of that gentleman's skill as a photographer.

There is, perhaps, no man of letters, no man of science, of whom the world possesses so unsatisfactory an account as Jerome Cardan. The author ofPalissy the Potterhas therefore done good service, and executed a task worthy of himself, byThe life of Girolamo Cardano, of Milan, Physician. In two small readable volumes, rich in all the characteristics of his own peculiar mode of treatment, Mr. Morley has given us not only a clear view of the life and character of Cardan, based on a diligent and careful examination of his voluminous writings—for Cardan reckoned that he had published one hundred and thirty-one books, and left in MS. nearly as many—but also a striking picture of the age in which he lived; and the work, which is one of great interest to the general reader, is made still more valuable to the literary antiquary by the accuracy with which Mr. Morley quotes his authorities.

Some interesting manuscripts were sold by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson on Wednesday, the 22nd ultimo, including original letters by Blake, Penn, Monk, Nelson, and other of our most renowned admirals; and of Charles I. and Charles II., Oliver and Richard Cromwell, Desborough; and numerous autographs of Commonwealth celebrities. The chief lot was a letter from Cromwell to Pastor Cotton, in New England, written shortly after the battle of Worcester, in which he alludes to the difficulties he has experienced in treating with some of the Scotch party. Mr. Carlyle had not seen the original, but used the copy among the Arundel MSS. It was knocked down to Mr. Stevens, the American agent, for 36l.A printed broadsheet of the Peace of Breda sold for 3l.7s.A letter of Richard Cromwell brought 4l.An autograph of Queen Bess brought 2l.; and one of Edward VI. brought 2l.8s.Autographs of Mary are less common: one in this collection realised 3l.7s.One of Nelson's letters to Lady Hamilton brought 2l.2s.Altogether, the prices realised were good.

Books Received.—Lives of The Queens of England, by Agnes Strickland, Vol. III. This new volume of the cheaper edition of Miss Strickland's popular regal biographies comprises the Lives of Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Katherine Howard, Katherine Parr, and Mary.—The Works of the Rt. Hon. Joseph Addison, with Notes by Bishop Hurd, Vol. II., is the new volume of Bohn'sBritish Classics, and comprises Addison's contributions to theTatlerandSpectator.—In the same publisher'sStandard Library, we have the third volume of his edition of Southey'sWorks and Correspondence of Cowper, which embraces his Letters between the years 1783 and 1788.—Cyclopædia Bibliographica, Part XVIII., which extends fromShepherd (Rev. E. J.)toSurtees (Rev. Scott F.).—Whitaker's Educational Register, 1854. The work, which has undergone some modifications, is now confined altogether to Educational Statistics, of which it is a most valuable compendium.—Remains of Pagan Saxondom, by J. Y. Ackerman, Parts VIII. and IX. The contents of these numbers are:—Fragments from a Tumulus at Caenby, Lincolnshire; Fibula from Ingarsby, Leicestershire; Glass Drinking-vessels from Cemeteries in Kent; Fibulæ from Rugby, Warwickshire. The great peculiarity of this Series is, that the objects are drawn of the size of the originals; thus affording great facilities for comparing them with remains of similar character.

The Volume of theLondon Polyglottwhich contains the Prophets. Imperfection in other parts of no consequence.

Carlisle on Grammar Schools.

The Circle of the Seasons. London, 1828. 12mo. Two copies.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,carriage free, to be sent toMr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are given for that purpose:

Allister's Paradigma Chess Openings.

Natt's Sermons preached at St. Sepulchre.

Armytage's(Rev. J., of Tidenham)Sermons.

Mayhew's London Life and Labour. Complete.

Nicholson's Lectures on Hezekiah.

Walton and Cotton's Angler. Edited by Sir H. Nicolas.

Wanted byMr. Hayward, Bookseller, Bath.

Penny Cyclopædia. Part 92. (For September, 1840.)

Wanted byA. Baden, Jun., 1. Old Broad Street.

London Labour and the London Poor. 44 various Numbers, several of many of them.

Knight's National Cyclopædia. 32 Parts.

Almanack of the Month, by Gilbert A. A'Beckett. Jan., Feb., June, Sept., and Dec., 1846.

Wanted byGeo. Newbold, 8. Regent Street, Vauxhall Road.

An Essay Explanatory of the Tempest Prognosticator in the Building of Great Exhibition. The last edition.

Wanted byJ. T. C., care of Messrs. McGee & Co., Nassau Street, Dublin.

The Family Instructor, by De Foe. 2 Vols. 1841. Oxford, Talboys.

Allan Ramsay's Tea-Table Miscellany. 1724.

Hazlitt's Select Poets of Great Britain. 1825.

The Lady's Poetical Magazine, or Beauties of British Poets. 4 Vols. London, 1781.

The Hive, containing Vol. I.FirstEdition. (3 Vols.)

The Hive. Vol. III. 4th Edition. (Edition in 4 Vols.)

London Magazine. Vols. after the year 1763.

Wanted byFred. Dinsdale, Esq., Leamington.

Evans's Old Ballads. Vol. I. 1810.

Any of the Sermons, Tracts, &c., by the late Rev. A. G. Jewitt.

History of Lincoln, by A. Jewitt.

Howitt's Gipsy King, and other Poems. Either one or two copies.

Wanted byR. Keene, Bookseller, Irongate, Derby.

The Epicure's Almanack for 1815.

Wanted byGeorge R. Corner, 19. Tooley Street.

A. J. N. (Birmingham).Will this Correspondent let us see the papers respectingJohn Henderson?

J. C. K.The coin is a penny of Henry III., struck in London.

Mr. Pinkerton's letter has been forwarded toEirionnach.

F. C. J.We cannot discover that James Murray, the second and last Earl of Annandale, was executed. The Earl joined Montrose after the battle of Kilsyth, and upon that heroic chieftain's defeat retired to England, where he died in 1658. At his death the titles of Annandale, Annand, and Murray of Lochmaben, became extinct, and those of Stormont and Scoon devolved on David, second Lord Balvaird, who married the Earl's widow. See theEarldom of Mansfieldin Burke'sPeerage.

Sander's History of Shenstone.—Will any reader of"N. & Q."oblige me by lending me a copy of Sander'sHistory of Shenstone?Of course I would pay the carriage and expenses. A letter would find me directed,Cid,Post Office, Stourbridge, Worcestershire.

B. H. A.For the derivation ofCzar,see ourlast Volume, pp. 150. 226. 422.

T. H.On the Lord Mayor being a Privy Councillor, see ourFourth Volume passim.

S. C. (Norwich).The line—

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