Minor Queries.

[In the British Museum are the following works by John Bradford, bound in one volume, press-mark 3932, c.:—The Hvrte of Hering Masse; also Two Notable Sermons, the one ofRepentance, and the other of theLord's Supper, Lond. 1581. On the fly-leaf is written, "A copy of Bradford'sHurte of Hearyng Masse, printed for H. Kirham, 1596, B. L., was in Mr. Jolley's sale, Feb. 1843. This edition by William Copland for William Martyne without date is scarcer, and I believe earlier.—R. H. Barham."]

Courtney Family.—I throw an apple of discord to your heraldic, genealogical, and antiquarian, readers. Was there originally more than one family of Courtnay, Courtney, Courtenay, Courteney, Courtnaye, Courtenaye, &c. Which is right, and when did the family commence in England, and how branch off? If your readers can give no information, who can?

S. A.

Oxford.

"The Shipwrecked Lovers."—Can you give me any account of the following tragedy, where the scene of it is laid, &c.? It is printed along with some poems, and appears never to have been acted. The name of the piece isThe Shipwrecked Lovers, a tragedy in five acts, by James Templeton, Dublin, 12mo., 1801. I regret that I am unable to give any account of the author, but perhaps some of your Irish readers may be able to do this.

Sigma.

Sir John Bingham.—In Burke'sPeerage and Baronetage, article "Lucan," it is stated that this gentlemen was high in rank in King James's army at the battle of Aughrim, and turned the fortune of the day in favour of William by deserting, with his whole command, at the crisis of the battle. A late number of theDublin University Magazinerepeats this story on the authority of Mr. Burke, and it would therefore be satisfactory to know where the latter found a statement affecting so much the honour of the family in question, one of the first in my native county. The dates of Sir John's birth and marriage are not given, but the ages of several of his children are known, and from them it follows that, supposing the father of the first Lord Lucan not to have married till the mature age of fifty-five or sixty, he was barely of age at the time of the battle, therefore not likely to have been high in command. My countrymen are too much inclined, like the French, to attribute their disasters to treachery, or to any cause but the equal numbers and courage, and superior discipline, of their adversaries: but they have never done so to less purpose than when they ascribe the loss of that battle to a man who was in all probability not born in 1691, and must in any case have been a mere boy at the time. No peerage that I have met with gives the date of his birth, which would at once settle the question. It seems most unlikely, if such were actually the case, that the family, on attaining the peerage, should have revived the title of the gallant Sarsfield (whose representatives they were), and thus challenged public attention, always on the alert on such points in Ireland, to their alleged dishonour and betrayal of the cause for which he fought and fell.

J. S. Warden.

Proclamation for making Mustard.—Did Queen Elizabeth issue a proclamation for "the right of making mustard?" And if so, what was the language of such proclamation?

An Admirer.

Judges practicing at the Bar.—A curious disquisition has run through "N. & Q." on the relinquishment of their sees by bishops, but I do not see that any of them are shown to have officiated as parish priests after quitting the episcopate.

Not that this is the point I wish now to put before you and your readers, but I want information on a somewhat kindred subject.

In Craik'sRomance of the Peeragethere occurs:

"Percy's leading counsel upon this occasion was Mr. Sergeant (afterwardsSir Francis) Pemberton, who subsequently rose to be first a puisne judge, and then Chief Justice of the King's Bench, was thence transferred to the Chief Justiceship of the Common Pleas, and after all ended his days a practitioner at the bar."—Vol. iv. p.291. note.

Pemberton, it appears, was dismissed from the Common Pleas in 1683; he was counsel for the seven bishops in 1688, as was also another displaced judge, Sir Creswell Leving, or Levinge, who was superseded in 1686.

Are these the only two instances of judges,qui olim fuere, practising at the bar? If not, are they the latest? And farther, if not the latest, does not etiquette forbid such practice now?

W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

Celebrated Wagers.—I should be glad if any correspondent will point out any remarkableinstances of the above. The ordinary channels for obtaining such information I am of course acquainted with.

C. Clifton Barry.

"Pay me tribute, or else——."—In Mr. Bunn's late work,Old England and New England, I find this note:

"We all remember the haughty message of the ruler of a certain province to the governor of a neighbouring one, 'Pay me tribute, or else——;' and the appropriate reply, 'I owe you none, and if——.'"

Not being of the totality reminiscent, may I beg for enlightenment? The anecdote sounds well, and I am therefore curious to know who the governors and what the provinces?

W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

"A regular Turk."—We often hear of people bad to manage being "regular Turks." When did the phrase originate? Though not a journal for politics, "N. & Q." will no doubt breathe a wish for the present sultan to be, in the approaching warfare, "a regular Turk."

Prestoniensis.

Benjamin Rush.—I found the following in an old paper:

"Edinburgh, June 14, 1768. Yesterday Benjamin Rush, of the city of Philadelphia, A. M., and Gustavus Richard Brown, of Maryland, were admitted to the honour of a degree of Doctors of Physic, in the university of this place, after having undergone the usual examinations, both private and public. The former of whom was also presented some time before with the freedom of this city."

The Benjamin Rush here referred to subsequently became quite eminent as a physician. He took an active part in the struggle between the American colonies and the mother country, and was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. One of his sons was the American minister to London a few years since.

Can any of your readers inform me why the freedom of Edinburgh was conferred upon him? In 1768 he could not have been over twenty-five years of age.

Inquirer.

Per Centum Sign.—Will you kindly inform me why the symbol % means per centum: viz. 5 %, 10 %, &c.?

James Mills.

Burial Service Tradition.—About forty years ago, a young man hung himself. When his body was taken to the church for interment, the clergymen refused reading the burial service over him; his friends took him to another parish, and the clergyman of that place refused also; they then removed him to an adjoining one, and the clergyman received him and buried him. The last clergyman said, if any friend of the deceased had cut off his right hand, and laid it outside the coffin, no clergyman then could refuse legally receiving and burying the corpse. Query, is this true?

May I ask your readers for an answer, as it will oblige many friends. The above happened in Derbyshire.

S. Adams, Curate.

Jean Bart's Descent on Newcastle.—I find no notice, either in Sykes'sLocal Records, or in Richardson'sLocal Historian's Table-book, of the descent made on Newcastle in 1694 by the celebrated Jean Bart, whom the Dutch nicknamed "De Fransch Duyvel." Somewhere or other I have seen it stated that he returned to France with an immense booty. Perhaps some of your north country correspondents can tell us whether any record of his visit exists in the archives of the corporation of Newcastle or elsewhere?

William Brockie.

Russell Street, South Shields.

Madame de Staël.—InThree Months in Northern Germany, p. 151., 1817, the following, passage occurs among some corrections of the mistakes of Madame de Staël:

"She knew the language imperfectly, read little, and misrepresented the gossip which she heard, either from carelessness or misunderstanding. When she censures Fichte, who she says had received no provocation from Nicolai, for helping Schlegel to write a dull book against him when he was too old to reply, she must have been ignorant of the fact, that Nicolai lived and wrote many years after the publication; and that, whether provoked or not, it is far from dull."

I cannot find any mention of this dispute in Madame de Staël'sDe l'Allemagne, and shall be glad if any of your readers can direct me to the passage in her works, and also to the joint work of Schlegel and Fichte.

R. A.

Ox. and C. Club.

Honoria, Daughter of Lord Denny.—I should be extremely obliged to any of your correspondents if they could give me the date of the death of Honoria, daughter and heiress of Edward, Lord Denny, who was married to James Hay, afterwards Earl Carlisle, on the 6th of January, 1607. She had issue James, second Earl of Carlisle, who died in 1660. As James Hay, then Baron Hay of Sawley, married his second wife (Lucy, daughter of Henry, Earl of Northumberland) in November 1617, the time of the first Lady Hay's death is fixed between 1607 and 1617.

Augustus Jessopp.

N.B.—"Bis dat qui cito dat."

Rectory, Papworth St. Agnes.

Hospital of John of Jerusalem.—Is there any book or manuscript relating to the proceedings of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England,which enters so fully into particulars as to give the names of the members of the society and its officers about the year 1300?

C. F. K.

Heiress of Haddon Hall.—Any one who visits Haddon Hall in Derbyshire, the property of the Duke of Rutland, is shown a doorway, through which the heiress to this baronial mansion eloped with (I think) a Cavendish some centuries ago. I have been informed that in a recent restoration of Bakewell Church, which is near Haddon Hall, the vault which contained the remains of this lady and her family was accidentally broken into, and that the bodies of herself, her husband, and some children, were found decapitated, with their heads under their arms; moreover, that in all the coffins there were dice. My informant had read an authenticated account of this curious circumstance, which was drawn up at the time of the discovery, but he could not refer me to it, and it is very possible that either his memory or mind may have failed as to the exact facts. At any rate they are worth embalming, I think, in the pages of "N. & Q." if any correspondent will kindly supply both "chapter and verse."

Alfred Gatty.

Monteith.—There is a peculiar style of silver bowl, of about the time of Queen Anne, which is called a Monteith. Why is it so designated? and to what particular use was it generally applied?

Vandyking.—In a letter from Secretary Windebanke to the Lord Deputy Wentworth (Strafford Papers, vol. i. p. 161.), P. C. S. S. notices this phrase, "Pardon, I beseech your lordship the over-free censure of yourVandyking." What is the meaning of this term, which P. C. S. S. does not find in any other writing of the period? Had thecostume, so usual in the portraits by Vandyke, become proverbial so early as 1633, the date of Windebanke's letter?

P. C. S. S.

Hiel the Bethelite.—What is the meaning of the 34th verse of the 16th chapter of the 1st Book of Kings? In one of Huddlestone's notes to Toland'sHistory of the Druids, he quotes the acts of Hiel the Bethelite, therein mentioned, as an instance of the Druidical Custom of burying a man alive under the foundations of any building which was to be undertaken?

L. M. M. R.

Earl of Glencairn.—Could you or any of your readers inform me of any particulars concerning the Earl of Glencairn, who, with a sister, is said to have fled from Scotland about 1700, or rather later, and to have concealed himself in Devonshire, where his sister married, 1712, one John Lethbridge, and had issue? Was this sister called Grace? Within late years they were spoken of by the very old inhabitants of Okehampton, Devon, and stories of the coroneted clothes, &c. were current.

Lodbrok.

Willow Bark in Ague.—I have seen recently some notices of the use of willow bark in ague. Will some kind correspondent inform me and others interested in the subject, where the information is to be found?

E. C.

"Perturbabantur," &c.—Can any of your readers give the whole of the poem, of which the first two lines are—

"Perturbabantur Constantinopolitani,Innumerabilibus sollicitudinibus"?

"Perturbabantur Constantinopolitani,

Innumerabilibus sollicitudinibus"?

These lines are singularly applicable at the present moment.

I am also desirous of knowing the history of this poem.

Seamen's Tickets.—From an old paper, 1768:

"Feb. 8. Died at her house in Chapel Street, near Ratcliff Highway, aged 95, Margaret M‘Kennow, who kept a lodging-house in that neighbourhood many years, and dealt in seamen's tickets. She is said to have died worth upwards of 6000l., and just after she expired twenty-nine quarter guineas were found in her mouth."

What are seamen's tickets?

W. D. R.

Philadelphia.

[The system of paying seamen with tickets instead of cash caused great discontent during the reign of Charles II., and, from the frequent notices respecting it in Pepys'sDiary, seems to have given our Diarist great trouble. On November 30, 1660, he says: "Sir G. Carteret did give us an account how Mr. Holland do intend to prevail with the parliament to try his project of discharging the seamen all at present by ticket, and so promise interest to all men that will lend money upon them at eight per cent. for so long as they are unpaid, whereby he do think to take away the growing debt which do now lie upon the kingdom for lack of present money to discharge the seamen." These tickets the poor fellows sold at half price to usurers, mostly Jews; and to so great an extent was the system carried, that in the year 1710 there was a floating debt due to these usurers of ten millions paid by Harley from a fictitious fund formed by the government.]

Bruce, Robert.—Can you tell me the name of the author of the following little work? It is small, and contains 342 pages, and is entitled:

"The Acts and Life of the most Victorious Conqueror Robert Bruce, King of Scotland. Wherein also are contained the Martial Deeds of the Valiant Princes Edward Bruce, Sir James Douglas, Earl Thomas Randal, Walter Stewart, and sundry others. To which is added a Glossary, explaining the difficultWords contained in this Book, and that of Wallace. Glasgow: printed by Mr. A. Carmichael and A. Miller.MDCCXXXVII."

James P. Bryce.

[This work is by John Barbour (sometimes written Barber, Barbere, and Barbare), an eminent Scottish metrical historian. It has been said that he received his education at the Abbey of Aberbrothock, where he took orders, and obtained a living near Aberdeen. Dr. Henry supposes Barbour to have become Archdeacon of Aberdeen in 1356. It is probable he died towards the close of 1395. His poem has passed through several editions, and is considered of high historical value. The earlier editions are those of Edinburgh, 1616, 1670, 12mo. In 1790, Pinkerton published "the first genuine edition from a MS. dated 1489, with notes and a Glossary." The best edition, however, is that by Dr. Jamieson, with Notes, and Life of the Author, Edinb. 4to. 1820.]

Coronation Custom.—At the coronations of Henry IV. and Richard III. a ceremony was performed which seems to indicate some idea of the elective sovereignty in England. The archbishop stood at each of the four corners of the dais in succession, and asked from thence the consent of the assembled Commons (Heylin,Reform., 1st edit., p. 32.). Did this ever take place at the coronation of English monarchs whose succession was not disputed?

J. H. B.

[In after times this ceremony seems to be that called "The Recognition." Sandford, speaking of the coronation of James II., says, "The Archbishop of Canterbury standing near the king, on the east side of the theatre, his majesty, attended as before, rose out of his chair, and stood before it, whilst the archbishop, having his face to the east, said as follows: 'Sirs. I here present unto you King James, the rightful inheritor of the crown of this realm; wherefore all ye that are come this day to do your homage, service, and bounden duty, are ye willing to do the same?' From thence the said archbishop, accompanied with the lord keeper, the lord great chamberlain, the lord high constable, and the earl marshal (garter king of arms going before them), proceeded to the south side of the theatre, and repeated the same words; and from thence to the west, and lastly to the north side of the theatre, in like manner: the king standing all this while by his chair of state, toward the east side of the theatre, and turning his face to the several sides of the theatre, at such time as the archbishop at every of them spake to the people. At every of which the people signified their willingness and joy by loud acclamations."]

William Warner.—Where can any account be found of Warner the poet, the author ofAlbion's England?

I. R. R.

[Some account of William Warner will be found in Wood'sAthenæ Oxonienses. vol. i. pp., 765-773. (Bliss); also in Percy'sReliques of Ancient English Poetry, vol. ii. p. 261., edit. 1812. From the register of Amwell, in Herts, it appears that he died there March 9, 1608-9, "soddenly in the night in his bedde, without any former complaint or sicknesse;" and that he was "a man of good yeares and honest reputation; by his profession an attorney at the Common Please."—Scott'sAmwell, p. 22. note.]

"Isle of Beauty."—Who was the author of "Isle of Beauty?" I always thought Thomas Haynes Bayly, but some say Lord Byron. Not knowing Mrs. Bayly's immediate address, I send this Query. I much regret not asking her when I sent my volume of poems, with view of poor Bayly's Grove, Cheltenham.

L. M. Thornton.

14. Philip Street, Bath.

[The "Isle of Beauty" is by Thomas Haynes Bayly, and is given among hisSongs, Ballads, and other Poems, edited by his widow, vol. i. p. 182. edit. 1844.]

Edmund Lodge.—Can you give me the date of the death of Edmund Lodge, the herald? I suppose there will be some account of him in the Obituary of theGentleman's Magazine, to which I wish to refer. Was he a descendant of the Rev. Edmund Lodge, the predecessor of Dawes in the Mastership of Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School at Newcastle-upon-Tyne?

E. H. A.

[Edmund Lodge died January 16, 1839. An account of him is given in theGentleman's Magazinefor April, 1839, p. 433.]

King John.—Baines, in hisHistory of Liverpool, p. 77., says King John "was at Lancaster on the 26th February 1206, and at Chester on the 28th February following." What route did he take from the first to the second-named town, and what was the object of his visit?

Prestoniensis.

[Upon reference to the Introduction to thePatent Rolls, it appears that John was at Lancaster from Monday the 21st to Sunday 27th, from Monday 28th to Wednesday 1st March at Chester, on Thursday 2nd at Middlewich, Friday the 3rd at Newcastle-under-Lyne, and from the 4th to the 8th at Milburn.]

(Vol. ix., pp. 174. 280.)

The copious Notes of your correspondents on this subject have only left the opportunity for a few stray gleanings in the field of their researches, which may, however, not prove uninteresting.

The compiler of a curious 12mo. (A Memorial for the Learned, by J. D., Gent., London, 1686) records, among "Notable Events in the Reign of Henry VI.," that,—

"Soon after the good Duke of Gloucester was secretly murthered, five of his menial servants, viz. Sir Roger Chamberlain, Knt., Middleton, Herber,Artzis, Esq., and John Needham, Gent., were condemned to be hanged, drawn, and quartered; and hanged they were at Tyburn, let down quick, stript naked, marked with a knife to be quartered; and then the Marquess of Suffolk brought their pardon, and delivered it at the place of execution, and so their lives were saved."—P. 77.

The following document from the Patent Rolls of the forty-eighth year of the reign of King Henry III. (skin 5.) affords conclusive evidence of the affirmative:

"Rex omnibus, etc. salutem. Quia Inetta de Balsham pro receptamento latronum et imposito nuper per considerationem curie nostre suspendio adjudicata, et ab horâ nonâ diei Iune usque post ortum solis diei martis sequen. suspensa, viva evasit, sicut ex testimonio fide dignorum accipimus. Nos, divinæ charitatis intuitu, pardonavimus eidem Inetta sectam pacis nostre que ad nos pertinet pro receptamento predicto, et firmam pacem nostrum ei inde concedimus. In cujus, etc. Teste Rege apud Cantuar.XVIo. die Augusti."Convenit cum recordoLaur. Halsted, Deput. Algern. May. mil."

"Convenit cum recordoLaur. Halsted, Deput. Algern. May. mil."

Plot, in hisNatural History of Staffordshire, p. 292., quotes this pardon, and suggests that possibly

"She could not be hanged, upon account that the larynx, or upper part of her windpipe, was turned to bone, as Fallopius (Oper., tom. i.,Obs. Anat., tract. 6.) tells us he has sometimes found it, which possibly might be so strong, that the weight of her body could not compress it, as it happened in the case of a Swiss, who, as I am told by the Rev. Mr. Obadiah Walker, Master of University College, was attempted to be hanged no less than thirteen times, yet lived notwithstanding, by the benefit of his windpipe, that after his death was found to have turned into a bone; which yet is still wonderful, since the circulation of the blood must be stopt, however, unless his veins and arteries were likewise turned to bone, or the rope not slipt close."

Besides the account of Anne Green, Denham, in the 4th book of hisPhysico-Theology, quotes the following instance from Rechelin (De Aere et Alim. defect., cap. vii.),—

"Of a certain woman hang'd, and in all appearance dead, who was nevertheless restored to life by a physician accidentally coming in, and ordering a plentiful administration of the spirit of sal ammoniac."

(See alsoThe Uncertainty of the Signs of Death, and the Danger of precipitate Interments and Dissections demonstrated, 12mo., London, 1751.)

A paragraph, stating that Fauntleroy, the notorious forger, had survived his execution, and was living abroad, has more than once gone the round of the newspapers. It is sometimes added that his evidence was required in a Chancery suit,—absurdly enough, as, if notactually, he was at leastlegallydead.

The story of Brodie, executed October, 1788, for an excise robbery at Edinburgh, is probably familiar to most. The self-possession and firmness with which he met his fate was the result of a belief in the possibility of his resuscitation:

"It is a curious fact, that an attempt was made to resuscitate Brodie immediately after the execution. The operator was Degravers, whom Brodie himself had employed. His efforts, however, were utterly abortive. A person who witnessed the scene, accounted for the failure by saying that the hangman, having been bargained with for a short fall, his excess of caution made him shorten the rope too much at first, and when he afterwards lengthened it, he made it too long, which consequently proved fatal to the experiment."—Curiosities of Biography, 8vo., Glasgow, 1845.

There is a powerfully-written story inBlackwood's Magazine, April, 1827, entitled "Le Revenant," in which a resuscitated felon is supposed to describe his feelings and experience. The author, in his motto, makes a sweeping division of mankind:—"There are but two classes in the world—those who arehanged, and those who arenot hanged; and it has been my lot to belong to the former." Many well-authenticated cases might still be adduced; but enough at least has now probably been said upon the subject, to show the possibility of surviving the tender mercies of Professor Calcraft and his fraternity.

William Bates.

Birmingham.

In Atkinson'sMedical Bibliography, A. and B., under the head "Bathurst Rodolphus," is the following:

"Nuremberg, 4to., 1655. On a maid who recovered after being hanged."This is the remarkable case of Elizabeth Gren, whom Bathurst and Dr. Willis restored after being executed,i. e.hanged, for infanticide. 'Vena incisa refocillata est.'"These poor creatures are seldom considered as maids, after being hanged for infanticide. A similar recovery also happened to a man who had been executed for murder at York. My father had the body for public dissection. Whether the law then required the body to be hung for one hour or not, I cannot say; but I well remember my father's observation, that it was a pity the wretch had ever been restored, as his morals were by no means improved. Hanging is therefore by no means a cure for immorality, and it will be needless (in any of us) trying the experiment'—P. 255.

"Nuremberg, 4to., 1655. On a maid who recovered after being hanged.

"This is the remarkable case of Elizabeth Gren, whom Bathurst and Dr. Willis restored after being executed,i. e.hanged, for infanticide. 'Vena incisa refocillata est.'

"These poor creatures are seldom considered as maids, after being hanged for infanticide. A similar recovery also happened to a man who had been executed for murder at York. My father had the body for public dissection. Whether the law then required the body to be hung for one hour or not, I cannot say; but I well remember my father's observation, that it was a pity the wretch had ever been restored, as his morals were by no means improved. Hanging is therefore by no means a cure for immorality, and it will be needless (in any of us) trying the experiment'—P. 255.

H. J.

Sheffield.

There is a record of a person being alive immediately after hanging, in theLocal Historian's Table-book, vol. ii. pp. 43, 44., and under the date May 23, 1752. It is there stated, Ewan Macdonald, a recruit in General Guise's regiment ofHighlanders, then quartered in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, murdered a cooper named Parker, and was executed on September 28, pursuant to his sentence. He was only nineteen years of age, and at the gallows endeavoured to throw the executioner off the ladder. The statement concludes with—"his body was taken to the surgeons' hall and there dissected;" and the following is appended as a foot-note:

"It was said that, after the body was taken to the surgeons' hall, and placed ready for dissection, the surgeons were called to attend a case at the infirmary, who, on their return, found Macdonald so far recovered as to be sitting up. He immediately begged for mercy; but a young surgeon, not wishing to be disappointed of the dissection, seized a wooden mall, with which he deprived him of life. It was farther reported, as the just vengeance of God, that this young man was soon after killed in the stable by his own horse. They used to show a mall at the surgeons' hall, as the identical one used by the surgeon."

Robert S. Salmon.

Newcastle-on-Tyne.

The case of Anne Green is attested by athirdwitness:

"In December, 1650, he was one of the persons concerned in recovering Anne Green to life, who was hanged at Oxford on the 14th, for the supposed murther of her bastard child."—"Memoir of Sir William Petty, Knt.," prefixed toSeveral Essays on Political Arithmetic, p. 3., 4th edit., London, 1755.

Cpl.

(Vol. vii., pp. 206. 292; Vol. viii., pp. 11. 111.)

Mr. J. S. Wardenmight well express astonishment at the rash and groundless statement in "Blackwood" (Dec. 1839), that the third part of Christabel which Dr. Maginn sent to that magazine in 1820 "perplexed the public,and pleased even Coleridge." How far the "discerning public" were imposed upon I know not; the following extract will show how far the poet-philosopher was "pleased" with the parody.

"If I should finish 'Christabel,' I shall certainly extend it, and give new characters, and a greater number of incidents. This the 'reading public' require, and this is the reason that Sir Walter Scott's poems, though so loosely written, are pleasing, and interest us by their picturesqueness. If a genial recurrence of the ray divine should occur for a few weeks, I shall certainly attempt it. I had the whole of the two cantos in my mind before I began it; certainly the first canto is more perfect, has more of the true wild weird spirit than the last. I laughed heartily at the continuation in 'Blackwood,' which I have been told is by Maginn. It is in appearance, and in appearanceonly, a good imitation. I do not doubt but that it gave more pleasure, and to a greater number, than a continuation by myself in the spirit of the two first (sic) cantos (qu.would give)."—Letters, &c., Moxon, 1836, vol. i. pp. 94-5.

C. Mansfield Ingleby.

Birmingham.

(Vol. ix., p. 201.)

General Whitelocke being on a visit to Aboyne Castle, in this county, the seat of the late Marquis of Huntley, then Earl of Aboyne, and a public market being held in the neighbourhood, the Earl, the General, and some other visitors, were seen sauntering amongst the cattle and the tents of the fair. Amongst the attenders of the country markets at that period was a woman of the name of Tibby Masson, well known in this city for her masculine character and deeds of fearlessness. Tibby had accompanied her husband, who was a soldier, to South America; and, along with him, had been present at the unfortunate siege of Buenos Ayres; and, as a trophy of her valour, she brought with her an enormous-sized silver watch, which she declared she had taken from the person of a Spanish officer who lay wounded in the neighbourhood of the city after the engagement. Tibby was standing by her "sweetie" (confectionary) stall in the Aboyne Market when the Earl and Whitelocke, and the other gentlemen, were passing, and she at once recognised her old commander. They stopped, and the General tasted some of her "sweeties," and saucily declared that they were abominably bad. Upon which Tibby immediately retorted: "They are a great deal better than the timmer (wooden) flints that you gave our soldiers at Bonny's Airs." On hearing this, the consternation of Whitelocke and his friends can more easily be imagined than described. They all fled from the field with the utmost rapidity, leaving Tibby completely victorious; and the General, so far as is known, never again visited Aberdeenshire.

B. B.

Aberdeen.

I have not access to a file of newspapers, but have been frequently told by an old pensioner, who served under General Whitelocke: "We marched intoBowsan Arrys(as he pronounced Buenos Ayres) without ere a flint in our muskets."

L. G.

The subjoined charade, which I have seen years ago, is perhaps preferable:

"My first is an emblem of purity,My next against knaves a security;My whole is a shameTo an Englishman's nameAnd branded will be to futurity."

"My first is an emblem of purity,

My next against knaves a security;

My whole is a shame

To an Englishman's name

And branded will be to futurity."

I have also seen a sort of parody upon the above applied to Waterloo:

"My first, tho' it's clear,Will oft troubl'd appear,My next's an amusement so clever;My whole is a name,Recorded by fame,To the glory of England for ever."

"My first, tho' it's clear,

Will oft troubl'd appear,

My next's an amusement so clever;

My whole is a name,

Recorded by fame,

To the glory of England for ever."

M. J. C.

If thejeu d'espriton the above name be worthy of preservation, the more correct version of it is as follows:

"My first is the emblem of purity,My second is used for security;My whole is a name,Which, if I had the same,I should blush to hand down to futurity."

"My first is the emblem of purity,

My second is used for security;

My whole is a name,

Which, if I had the same,

I should blush to hand down to futurity."

The authorship was ascribed (I believe with truth) to a lady of the name of Belson.

M. (2)

The following is the correct version:

"My first is an emblem of purity,My second the means of security;My whole is a name,Which, if mine were the same,I should blush to hand down to futurity."

"My first is an emblem of purity,

My second the means of security;

My whole is a name,

Which, if mine were the same,

I should blush to hand down to futurity."

N. L. J.

General Whitelocke died at Clifton, in his house in Princes Buildings.

Anon.

Gravelly Wax Negatives.—The only remedy I am acquainted with is to use the paper within twenty-four hours after excitement. I have tried the methods of Messrs. Crookes, Fenton, and How; in every case I was equally annoyed with gravel, if excited beyond that time; in fact, I believe all the good wax negatives have been taken within twelve hours. The Rev. Wm. Collings, who has produced such excellent wax negatives, 24 in. × 18 (several were sent to the late Exhibition of the Photographic Society), informs me the above is quite his experience, and that he excites his papers for the day early in the morning. The cause lies, I believe, in the fault of homogeneity of the waxed paper, arising from unevenness in the structure of the paper exaggerated by the transparency of the wax, partly, perhaps, from a semi-crystallizing of the wax in cooling, and also from its being adulterated with tallow, resin, &c. As a consequence of this, the paper is filled with innumerable hard points; the iodizing and exciting solutions are unequally absorbed, and the actinic influence acting more on the weak points, produces under gallic acid a speckled appearance, if decomposition has gone to any length in the exciting nitrate by keeping. The céroléine process, by its power of penetrating, will, I hope, produce an homogeneous paper, and go far to remove this annoyance.

In answer to a former Query byMr. Hele, Whatman's paper of 1849 is lightly sized, and not hard rolled, so that twenty minutes' washing in repeated water sufficed to remove the iodide of potassium, and if long soaked the paper became porous, often letting the gallic acid through in the development. I have lately been trying Turner's and Sandford's papers; they require three or four hours' repeated washing to get rid of the salts, being very hard rolled. Many negatives on Turner's paper, especially if weak, exhibit a structural appearance like linen, the unequal density gives almost exactly the same gravelly character as wax, as the positive I inclose, taken from such a negative, shows. Not only ought collodion to be "structureless," asMr. Shadboltwell expresses it, but likewise all the other substrata of iodide of silver.

T. L. Mansell.

Guernsey.

Photographic Experience.—The plan proposed byDr. Mansell, in the last Number of "N. & Q.," for comparison of photographic experiences, will, I am sure, prove of much practical advantage and I therefore lose no time in filling up the table published in your paper:

1. Eight minutes' exposure.2. South Wales.3. Mr. Talbot's original receipt.4. Turner.5. ⅜ inch.6. 2 inches.7. 3 inches. Focal length, 17 inches. Maker, Ross.

1. Eight minutes' exposure.

2. South Wales.

3. Mr. Talbot's original receipt.

4. Turner.

5. ⅜ inch.

6. 2 inches.

7. 3 inches. Focal length, 17 inches. Maker, Ross.

I would also suggest that the character of the object copied should be included in the above table. My answer supposes a light-coloured building, of an ordinary sandstone colour. A view comprising foliage would require a much longer time for its full development. In working on the sea-coast, I find that the dark slate rocks of north Cornwall require an exposure in the camera half as long again as the blue mountain limestone cliffs of South Wales, which abound in actinic power.

J. D. Llewelyn.

Pen-ller-gaer.

Turkish Language(Vol. ix., p. 352.).—Your correspondentHassan, who would much gratify our friends the Turks if he would spell his signature with onesonly, will find the object of his inquiry in a little book just published by Clowes, Military Publisher, Charing Cross,Turkish and English Words and Phrases, for the Use of the British Army and Navy in the East, price 1s.The pronunciation is given in the Roman character, and according to the plainest English rules.

Osmanli.

Dr. Edward Daniel Clarke's Charts of the Black Sea(Vol. ix., p. 132.).—A reply respecting these important Charts, and their value, was given by the First Lord of the Admiralty in the House of Commons on March 6, in consequence of an inquiry made by Mr. French. Sir James Grahamis stated byThe Timesof the following day to have said on that occasion:

"The Charts alluded to by the hon. gentleman were most valuable, and had been made use of; but subsequent observations, and farther surveys, had in a great measure superseded them at the present time."

Ellum.

Aristotle on living Law(Vol. ix., p. 373).—Your correspondent H. P. asks where Aristotle says that a judge is a living law, as the law itself is a dumb judge. The first part of this antithesis is inEth. Nic., v. 4. § 7.:

"Ὁ γὰρ δικαστὴς βούλεται εἶναι οἷον δίκαιον ἔμψυχον.""The judge wishes to be justice incarnate."

"Ὁ γὰρ δικαστὴς βούλεται εἶναι οἷον δίκαιον ἔμψυχον."

"The judge wishes to be justice incarnate."

Your correspondent, however, probably had in his mind the passage of Cicero,de Leg., iii. 1.:

"Videtis igitur, magistratûs hanc esse vim, ut præsit, præscribatque recte et utilia et conjuncta cum legibus;—vereque dici, magistratum legem esse loquentem, legem autem mutum magistratum."

The commentators compare an antithetical sentence attributed to Simonides,—that a picture is a silent poem, and that a poem is a speaking picture.

Cris Cross Row

Christ's or Cris Cross Row(Vol. viii., p. 18.).—The Alphabet. SeeThe Romish Beehive, 319.:

"In Bacon'sReliques of Rome, p. 257., describing the hallowing of churches, among other ceremonies is the following: 'There must be made in the pavement of the church a crosse of ashes and sand wherein the whole Alphabet, or Christ's Crosse, shall be written in Greek and Latin letters.'"Sir Thos. More, in his Works, p. 606.H, says, 'Crosse Rowe was printed on cards for learners.' I first went to school at a dame's, and had a Horn-Book (as it was called), in which was the Alphabet in a form something like that here given, and the dame called me and other beginners to learn our 'Cris Cross Row;' at that time the term was used, that is, about seventy years since."

"Sir Thos. More, in his Works, p. 606.H, says, 'Crosse Rowe was printed on cards for learners.' I first went to school at a dame's, and had a Horn-Book (as it was called), in which was the Alphabet in a form something like that here given, and the dame called me and other beginners to learn our 'Cris Cross Row;' at that time the term was used, that is, about seventy years since."

Goddard Johnson.

Titles to the Psalms in the Syriac Version.—Mr. T. J. Buckton(Vol. ix., p. 242.) observes, in reference to the superscriptionלמנצח בנגינת‎, "For the chief performer on the neginoth," that "the Syriac and Arabic versions omit this superscription altogether, fromignoranceof the musical sense of the words." And lower down he speaks as ifנחילות‎ were expressed in the Syriac by the word "church." I do not question the accuracy ofMr. B.'s renderings of the Hebrew words, for they have been admitted for centuries; but I wish to observe that the translator of the Syriac should not be lightly charged with ignorance of Hebrew, as I can testify from an extensive acquaintance with that venerable version. I therefore cannot allow that the words were omitted by the translator for that reason. Besides, whenever he found a word untranslateable, he transferred it as it was. Nor do I admit thatnehiloth, in Psalm v., is translated by the term "church." And this leads me to remark, what seems to have been overlooked by most writers, viz. that the Syriac versionomitsuniformly the titles of the Psalms as they are found in Hebrew[9]. The inscriptions contained in the common editions of these Psalms form no part of the translation. One of them refers to the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus! They are not always the same. I am acquainted with at leastthree different setsof these headings contained in the Syriac MSS. in the British Museum. Erpenius omitted them altogether in his edition of the Psalter, and Dathe's follows his; for which very substantial reasons are given by him in the "Præf. ad Lect." of hisPsalterium Syriacum, pp. 36, 37., Halæ, 1768.

B. H. C.

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