DE BEAUVOIR PEDIGREE.

1. "Thomas Osborn, Downham,fecit, 1794.1. "Intactum sillo. Percute dulce cano."4. "T. Osbornfecit.braceOur voices shall with joyful soundMake hills and valleys echo round.brace1794."8. "Rev. Castel Sherard, rector; Jno. Martin, Robert Waller, bailiffs; John Scott, Richard Mills, churchwardens; T. Osbornfecit. 1794."

1. "Thomas Osborn, Downham,fecit, 1794.1. "Intactum sillo. Percute dulce cano."

1. "Thomas Osborn, Downham,fecit, 1794.

1. "Intactum sillo. Percute dulce cano."

4. "T. Osbornfecit.braceOur voices shall with joyful soundMake hills and valleys echo round.brace1794."

8. "Rev. Castel Sherard, rector; Jno. Martin, Robert Waller, bailiffs; John Scott, Richard Mills, churchwardens; T. Osbornfecit. 1794."

Morborne, Hunts. Two bells:

1. "Cum voco ad ecclesiam, venite."2. "Henry Pennfusore. 1712."

1. "Cum voco ad ecclesiam, venite."

2. "Henry Pennfusore. 1712."

Stilton, Hunts. Two bells:

1. "Thomas Norris made me. 1689."

Cuthbert Bede, B.A.

At Bedale, in Yorkshire, is a bell weighing by estimation twenty-six hundredweight, which is probably of the same date, or nearly so, as the Dyrham bell. It measures four feet two inches and a half across the lip, and has the following inscription round the crown:

"+IOU : EGO : CUM : FIAM : CRUCE : CUSTOS : LAUDO : MARIAM : DIGNA : DEI : LAUDE : MATER : DIGNISSIMA : GAUDE;"

the commencement of which I do not understand. There are five smaller bells belonging to the peal at Bedale, and a prayer bell. They bear inscriptions in the following order:

The prayer bell:

"Voco. Veni. Precare. 1713.""Voco. Veni. Precare. 1S.S.

"Voco. Veni. Precare. 1713."

"Voco. Veni. Precare. 1S.S.

The first, or lightest of the peal:

"Gloria in excelsis Deo.1755.E.Seller,Ebor.EdwdPlace, rector;JnoPullein, churchwarden."

JnoPullein, churchwarden."

The second:

"Iesus be ovr speed. P. S., T. W., H. S., I. W., M. W. 1664."

The third:

"Deo Gloria pxa Hominibus. 1627."

The fourth:

"Jesus be our speed. 1625."

The fifth:

"Soli Deo Gloria Pax Hominibus. 1631."

The letters P. S., on the second bell, are the initials of Dr. Peter Samwaies, who died April 5, 1693, having been thirty-one years rector of Bedale.

On the fly-leaf of one of the later registers at Hornby, near Bedale, is written the following memorandum:

"Inscription on the third bell at Hornby:'When I do ring,God's praises sing;When I do toll,Pray heart and soul.'This bell was given to the parish church of Hornby by the Lord Conyers in the reign of Henry VII., but, being broken, was recast by William Lord D'Arcy and Conyers, the second of the name, 1656."

"Inscription on the third bell at Hornby:

'When I do ring,God's praises sing;When I do toll,Pray heart and soul.'

'When I do ring,

God's praises sing;

When I do toll,

Pray heart and soul.'

This bell was given to the parish church of Hornby by the Lord Conyers in the reign of Henry VII., but, being broken, was recast by William Lord D'Arcy and Conyers, the second of the name, 1656."

Patonce.

Charwelton Church, Northants:

1. Broken to pieces: some fragments in the vestry. On one piece, "Ave Maria."2. "Jesus Nazarenus rex Judeorum fili Dei miserere mei. 1630."3. appears a collection of Saxon letters put together without connexion.4. "Nunquam ad preces cupies ire,4. "Cum sono si non vis venire. 1630."

1. Broken to pieces: some fragments in the vestry. On one piece, "Ave Maria."

2. "Jesus Nazarenus rex Judeorum fili Dei miserere mei. 1630."

3. appears a collection of Saxon letters put together without connexion.

4. "Nunquam ad preces cupies ire,4. "Cum sono si non vis venire. 1630."

4. "Nunquam ad preces cupies ire,

4. "Cum sono si non vis venire. 1630."

Heyford Church, Northants:

1. "God saue the King. 1638."2. "Cum cum Praie. 1601."3. "Henry Penn made me. 1704.3. "John Paine, Thmoas [sic] Middleton, churchwardens."4. "Thomas Morgan, Esquier, gave me4. "To the Church of Heford, frank and free. 1601."

1. "God saue the King. 1638."

2. "Cum cum Praie. 1601."

3. "Henry Penn made me. 1704.3. "John Paine, Thmoas [sic] Middleton, churchwardens."

3. "Henry Penn made me. 1704.

3. "John Paine, Thmoas [sic] Middleton, churchwardens."

4. "Thomas Morgan, Esquier, gave me4. "To the Church of Heford, frank and free. 1601."

4. "Thomas Morgan, Esquier, gave me

4. "To the Church of Heford, frank and free. 1601."

With coat of arms of the Morgans on the side.

Floore Church, Northants:

1. "Russell of Wooton, near Bedford, made me. 1743.1. "James Phillips, Thomas Clark, churchwardens."2. "Cantate Domino cantum novum. 1679."3. "Henry Bagley made mee. 1679."4. "Matthew Bagley made mee. 1679."5. "John Phillips and Robert Bullocke, churchwardens. 1679."6. "To the church the living call,6. "And to the grave do summonds [sic] all.6. "Russell of Wooton made me,6. "In seventeen hundred and forty-three."

1. "Russell of Wooton, near Bedford, made me. 1743.1. "James Phillips, Thomas Clark, churchwardens."

1. "Russell of Wooton, near Bedford, made me. 1743.

1. "James Phillips, Thomas Clark, churchwardens."

2. "Cantate Domino cantum novum. 1679."

3. "Henry Bagley made mee. 1679."

4. "Matthew Bagley made mee. 1679."

5. "John Phillips and Robert Bullocke, churchwardens. 1679."

6. "To the church the living call,6. "And to the grave do summonds [sic] all.6. "Russell of Wooton made me,6. "In seventeen hundred and forty-three."

6. "To the church the living call,

6. "And to the grave do summonds [sic] all.

6. "Russell of Wooton made me,

6. "In seventeen hundred and forty-three."

Three coins inserted round the top.

Slapton Church, Northants:

1. [The Sancte bell] "Richard de Wambis me fesit" [sic].2. "Xpe audi nos."3. "Ultima sum trina campana vocor Katerina."

1. [The Sancte bell] "Richard de Wambis me fesit" [sic].

2. "Xpe audi nos."

3. "Ultima sum trina campana vocor Katerina."

All in Saxon letters. No dates.

Inscription cut on the frame of Slapton bells:

"BE . IT . KNOWEN . UNTO . ALL . THIS . SAME . THAT . THOMASCOWPER . OFWOODEND .MADE . THIS . FRAME.1634."

"BE . IT . KNO

WEN . UN

TO . ALL . TH

IS . SAME . TH

AT . THOMAS

COWPER . OF

WOODEND .

MADE . THIS . FRAME.

1634."

Hellidon Church, Northants:

1. "God save the King. 1635."2. "IhsNazarenus rex JudÃ¦orum fili Dei miserere mei. 1635."3. "Celorum Christe platiat [sic] tibi rex sonus iste. 1615."4. Same as 2.

1. "God save the King. 1635."

2. "IhsNazarenus rex JudÃ¦orum fili Dei miserere mei. 1635."

3. "Celorum Christe platiat [sic] tibi rex sonus iste. 1615."

4. Same as 2.

Dodford Church, Northants:

1. "Matthew Bagley made me. 1679."2. "Campana gravida peperit filias. 1674."3. "IhsNazarenus [&c., as before]. 1632."4. "Ex Dono Johannis Wyrley Armiger. 1614."

1. "Matthew Bagley made me. 1679."

2. "Campana gravida peperit filias. 1674."

3. "IhsNazarenus [&c., as before]. 1632."

4. "Ex Dono Johannis Wyrley Armiger. 1614."

And five coins round the lip.

5. Inscription same as 3. Date 1626.6. DittodittoDate 1624.

5. Inscription same as 3. Date 1626.

6. DittodittoDate 1624.

Wappenham Church, Northants:

1. "Henry Bagley made me. 1664."2. "R. T. 1518.+"3. "Praise the Lord. 1599."4. "GOD SAVE KING JAMES. R. A.1610."

1. "Henry Bagley made me. 1664."

2. "R. T. 1518.+"

3. "Praise the Lord. 1599."

4. "GOD SAVE KING JAMES. R. A.1610."

Three coins on lip and bell-founder's arms.

The Sancte bell was recast in 1842, and hangs now in the north window of belfry.

Brackley, St. Peter's Church, Northants:

1. "Jesus Nazarenus [&c., as before]. 1628."2. "God save the King. 1628."3. Same as 1.4. "Celorum Christe platiat [sic] tibi rex sonus iste. 1628."5."Cum sono si non vis venire,"Nunquam ad preces cupies irebrace1628."

1. "Jesus Nazarenus [&c., as before]. 1628."

2. "God save the King. 1628."

3. Same as 1.

4. "Celorum Christe platiat [sic] tibi rex sonus iste. 1628."

5."Cum sono si non vis venire,"Nunquam ad preces cupies irebrace1628."

Dunton Church, Leicestershire:

1. "IhsNazarenus [&c., as before]. 1619."2. "Be it knone to all that doth me see,1. "That Clay of Leicester made me.1. "Nick. Harald and John More, churchwardens. 1711."3. Same as 1. Date 1621.

1. "IhsNazarenus [&c., as before]. 1619."

2. "Be it knone to all that doth me see,1. "That Clay of Leicester made me.1. "Nick. Harald and John More, churchwardens. 1711."

2. "Be it knone to all that doth me see,

1. "That Clay of Leicester made me.

1. "Nick. Harald and John More, churchwardens. 1711."

3. Same as 1. Date 1621.

Leire Church, Leicestershire:

1. "Jesus be oure good speed. 1654."2. "Henricus Bagleyfecit. 1675."3. "RecastA.D.1755, John Sleath, C.W.;3. "ThosEyre de Ketteringfecit."

1. "Jesus be oure good speed. 1654."

2. "Henricus Bagleyfecit. 1675."

3. "RecastA.D.1755, John Sleath, C.W.;3. "ThosEyre de Ketteringfecit."

3. "RecastA.D.1755, John Sleath, C.W.;

3. "ThosEyre de Ketteringfecit."

Frolesworth Church, Leicestershire:

1. "Jesus Nazarenus [&c., as before]. 1635."2. In Old English characters (no date):2."Dum Rosa precata mundi Maria vocata."3. Same as 1.

1. "Jesus Nazarenus [&c., as before]. 1635."

2. In Old English characters (no date):

2."Dum Rosa precata mundi Maria vocata."

3. Same as 1.

J. R. M., M.A.

The legend noted from a bell at Sidmouth (Vol. ix., p. 109.), namely,â€”

"Est michi collatumIhc istud nomen amatum,"

"Est michi collatum

Ihc istud nomen amatum,"

is not an unusual inscription on mediÃ¦val black-letter bells, if I may use the expression. The characters are small. It is on two bells at Teignmouth, and is on one of the bells in this tower:

1. "+Voce mea viva depello cuncta nociva."2. "+Est michi collatum Ihc istud nomen amatum."3. "Embrace trew museck."

1. "+Voce mea viva depello cuncta nociva."

2. "+Est michi collatum Ihc istud nomen amatum."

3. "Embrace trew museck."

A correspondent,Mr. W. S. Simpson(Vol. viii., p. 448.), asks the date of the earliest known examples of bells.

Dates on mediÃ¦val bells are, I believe, very rare in England. I have but few notes of any. My impression is that such bells are as old as the towers which contain them, judging from the character of the letter, the wear and tear of the iron work, aye, of the bell itself. Many old bells have been recast, and onsuchthere is often a record of the date of its prototype. For instance, at St. Peter's, Exeter:

"Ex dono Petri Courtenay," &c., "1484;" "renovat," &c., "1676."

At Chester-le-Street:

"Thomas Langley dedit," &c., "1409;" "refounded," &c., "1665."

I will add two or three with dates.

Bruton, Somerset:

"Est Stephanus primus lapidatus gracia plenus. 1528."

At St. Alkmond's, Derby:

"Ut tuba sic resono, ad templa venite pii. 1586."

At Lympey Stoke, Somerset:

"W. P., I. A. F. 1596."

Hexham. Old bells taken down 1742:

1. "Ad primos cantus pulsat nos Rex gloriosus."2. "Et cantare ... faciet nos vox Nicholai."3. "Est nobis digna Katerine vox benigna."4. "Omnibus in Annis est vox Deo grata Johannis.A.D. MCCCCIIII."5. "Andrea mi care Johanne consociare.A.D. MCCCCIIII."6. "Est mea vox orata dum sim Maria vocata.A.D. MCCCCIIII."

1. "Ad primos cantus pulsat nos Rex gloriosus."

2. "Et cantare ... faciet nos vox Nicholai."

3. "Est nobis digna Katerine vox benigna."

4. "Omnibus in Annis est vox Deo grata Johannis.A.D. MCCCCIIII."

4. "Omnibus in Annis est vox Deo grata Johannis.

A.D. MCCCCIIII."

5. "Andrea mi care Johanne consociare.A.D. MCCCCIIII."

5. "Andrea mi care Johanne consociare.

A.D. MCCCCIIII."

6. "Est mea vox orata dum sim Maria vocata.A.D. MCCCCIIII."

6. "Est mea vox orata dum sim Maria vocata.

A.D. MCCCCIIII."

Any earlier dates would be acceptable.

On the Continent bells are usually dated. I will extract, from RocchaDe Campanis, those at St. Peter's at Rome.

The great bell:

"In nomine Domini, Matris, Petriq., Pauliq.Accipe devotum, parvum licet, accipe munus,Quod tibi Christe datÅ« Petri, Pauliq. triÅ«phum,Explicat, et nostram petit, populiq. salutemIpsorum pietate dari, meritisq. refundiEt verbum caro factum est.Anno milleno trecento cum quinquagenoAdditis et tribus Septembris mense colatur;Ponderat et millia decies septiesq. librarum."

"In nomine Domini, Matris, Petriq., Pauliq.

Accipe devotum, parvum licet, accipe munus,

Quod tibi Christe datÅ« Petri, Pauliq. triÅ«phum,

Explicat, et nostram petit, populiq. salutem

Ipsorum pietate dari, meritisq. refundi

Et verbum caro factum est.

Anno milleno trecento cum quinquageno

Additis et tribus Septembris mense colatur;

Ponderat et millia decies septiesq. librarum."

2. "In nomine Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus Sancti. AmÄ“.Ad honorem Dei, et BeatÃ¦ MariÃ¦ Virginis,Et Beatorum Apostolorum Petri et Pauli,Verbum Caro factum est,Solve jubente Deo terrarÅ« Petre cathenas, qui facis,Ut pateant cÅ“lestia Regna beatis,HÃ¦c campana cum alia majore ponderanteMXVI.Post consumptionem ignito fulgure, anno precedenteimminente, fusa est, anno DominiMCCCLIII.Mense Junii, et ponderat hÃ¦c MX et centena librarum.Amen."

2. "In nomine Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus Sancti. AmÄ“.

Ad honorem Dei, et BeatÃ¦ MariÃ¦ Virginis,

Et Beatorum Apostolorum Petri et Pauli,

Verbum Caro factum est,

Solve jubente Deo terrarÅ« Petre cathenas, qui facis,

Ut pateant cÅ“lestia Regna beatis,

Post consumptionem ignito fulgure, anno precedente

imminente, fusa est, anno DominiMCCCLIII.

Mense Junii, et ponderat hÃ¦c MX et centena librarum.

Amen."

3. "Nomine Dominico Patris, prolisq. spiratiOrdine tertiam Petri primÃ¦ succedere noscant.Per dies paucos quotquot sub nomine dictoSanctam Ecclesiam colunt in agmine trino. Amen."

3. "Nomine Dominico Patris, prolisq. spirati

Ordine tertiam Petri primÃ¦ succedere noscant.

Per dies paucos quotquot sub nomine dicto

Sanctam Ecclesiam colunt in agmine trino. Amen."

4. "Anno DominiMCCLXXXVIIII.ad honorem Dei, et BeatÃ¦ MariÃ¦ Virginis, et Sancti ThomÃ¦ Apostoli Tempore Fratris Joannis de Leodio Ministri, factum fuit hoc opus de legato quondam DominiRikardi Domini PapÃ¦ Notarii. Guidottus Pisanus me fecit."

On a small bell:

"Mentem Sanctam Spontaneam, honorem Deo,Et Patris liberationem.Ave Maria gratia plena Dominus tecum;Benedicta tu in mulieribusEt benedictus fructus ventris tui."

"Mentem Sanctam Spontaneam, honorem Deo,

Et Patris liberationem.

Ave Maria gratia plena Dominus tecum;

Benedicta tu in mulieribus

Et benedictus fructus ventris tui."

In the Church of St. John Lateran was a bell with a mutilated inscription; but the date is plain, 1389. The name of Boniface IX. is on it, who was Sum. Pont. in that year.

In the Church of St. MariÃ¦ Majoris were two bells dated anno Dom. 1285; and another 1291.

In the Church of the Jesuits was a bell with this inscription, brought from England:

"Facta fuit A. Dom. 1400, Die vi MÄ“sis SeptÄ“bris.Sancta Barbara, ora pro nobis."

"Facta fuit A. Dom. 1400, Die vi MÄ“sis SeptÄ“bris.

Sancta Barbara, ora pro nobis."

Roccha, who published hisCommentary1612, says:

"In multis Campanisfit mentio de Anno, in quo facta est Campana, necnon de ipsius EcclesiÃ¦ Rectore, vel optime merito, et CampanÃ¦ artifice,ut ego ipse vidi RomÃ¦, ubi prÃ¦cipuarum Ecclesiarum, et Basilicarum inscriptiones Campanis incisas perlegi."â€”P. 55.

So that it would appear that the practice of inscribing dates on bells was usual on the Continent, though for some reason or other it did not generally obtain in England till after the Reformation. I have a Note of another foreign bell or two with an early date.

At Strasburg:

"+O Rex gloriÃ¦ Christe, veni cum pace!MCCCLXXV.tertio Nonas Augusti."

On another:

"Vox ego sum vitÃ¦, voco vos, orate, venite. 1461."

On a bell called St. D'Esprit:

"Anno Dom.MCCCCXXVIImense Julio fusa sum, perMagistrum Joannem Gremp de Argentina.Nuncio festa, metum, nova quÃ¦dam flebile lethum."

"Anno Dom.MCCCCXXVIImense Julio fusa sum, per

Magistrum Joannem Gremp de Argentina.

Nuncio festa, metum, nova quÃ¦dam flebile lethum."

A bell called the Magistrates:

"Als man zahlt 1475 JahrWar Kaiser Friedrick hier offenbar:Da hat mich Meister Thomas Jost gegossenDem Rath zu laÃ¼ten ohnverdrossen."

"Als man zahlt 1475 Jahr

War Kaiser Friedrick hier offenbar:

Da hat mich Meister Thomas Jost gegossen

Dem Rath zu laÃ¼ten ohnverdrossen."

On another:

"Nomen Domini sit benedictum. 1806."

I would beg to add a Note of one more early and interesting bell which was at Upsala:

"+Anno . Domini .MDXIIII. fusa . est . ista . Campana .in . honorem . Sancti . Erici . Regis . et .Martiris . Rex . erat . Ericus . humilis . devotus .honestus . prudens . V."

"+Anno . Domini .MDXIIII. fusa . est . ista . Campana .

in . honorem . Sancti . Erici . Regis . et .

Martiris . Rex . erat . Ericus . humilis . devotus .

honestus . prudens . V."

What V. means is rather a puzzle.

I fear I have already extended this reply to a length beyond all fair limit. I may at some future time (if desirable) send you a long roll of legends on mediÃ¦val bells without dates, and others of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, some of a devotional character, and others of the style of unseemly and godless epitaphs. But it is to be hoped that in these, as in other like matters, a better taste is beginning to predominate; and it must be a subject of congratulation that

"Jam nova progenies cÅ“lo demittitur alto."

H. T. Ellacombe.

Rectory, Clyst St. George.

In the steeple of Foulden Church, South Greenhoe Hd., Norfolk, are six bells with inscriptions as under:

1. "Thos. Osbornfecit. 1802.1. "Peace and good neighbourhood."2. "The laws to praise, my voice I raise."3. "Thos. Osbornfecit, Downham, Norfolk."4. "Our voices shall with joyful sound4. "Make hill and valley echo round."5. "I to the church the living call,5. "And to the grave I summon all."6. "Long live King George the Third.6. "Thomas Osbornfecit, 1802."

1. "Thos. Osbornfecit. 1802.1. "Peace and good neighbourhood."

1. "Thos. Osbornfecit. 1802.

1. "Peace and good neighbourhood."

2. "The laws to praise, my voice I raise."

3. "Thos. Osbornfecit, Downham, Norfolk."

4. "Our voices shall with joyful sound4. "Make hill and valley echo round."

4. "Our voices shall with joyful sound

4. "Make hill and valley echo round."

5. "I to the church the living call,5. "And to the grave I summon all."

5. "I to the church the living call,

5. "And to the grave I summon all."

6. "Long live King George the Third.6. "Thomas Osbornfecit, 1802."

6. "Long live King George the Third.

6. "Thomas Osbornfecit, 1802."

Goddard Johnson.

(Vol. ix., p. 349.)

Your correspondentMr. Thomas Russell Potterinquires whether any descendants of the De Beauvoirs of Guernsey are still existing. The family was, at one time, so numerous in that island that there are few of the gentry who cannot claim a De Beauvoir among their ancestors; but the name itself became extinct there by the death of Osmond de Beauvoir, Esq., in 1810. Some few years later, the last of a branch of the family settled in England died, leaving a very large property, which was inherited by a Mr. Benyon, who assumed the name of De Beauvoir.

The name is also to be found in the Irish baronetcy; a baronet of the name of Brown having married the daughter and heiress of the Rev. Peter de Beauvoir, the widow I believe of an Admiral Mâ€˜Dougal, and thereupon taking up his wife's maiden name.

With respect to the pedigree whichMr. Potterquotes, and of which many copies exist in this island, it is without doubt one of the most impudent forgeries in that way ever perpetrated. From internal evidence, it was drawn up at the latter end of the reign of Elizabeth, or at the beginningof the reign of James I., as the compiler speaks of Roger, Earl of Rutland, as being living. This nobleman succeeded to the title in 1588, and died in 1612. The pedigree ends in the Guernsey line with Henry de Beauvoir; whom we may therefore presume to have been still alive, or but recently deceased; and whose great-grandfather, according to the pedigree, was the first of the name in the island. Allowing three generations to a century, this would throw back the arrival of the first of the De Beauvoirs to some part of the sixteenth century; but we have proof that they were settled here long before that time. In an authentic document, preserved among the records of the island, the extent of the crown revenues drawn up by order of Edward III. in 1331, the names of Pierre and Guillaume de Beauvoir are found. Another Pierre de Beauvoir, apparently the great-grandson of the above-mentioned Pierre, was Bailiff of Guernsey from 1470 to 1480. As for the family of Harryes, no such I believe ever existed in Guernsey; but a gentleman of the name of Peter Henry, belonging to a family of very ancient standing in the island, bought property in Salisbury in the year 1551, where the name seems to have been Anglicised to Harrys or Harris; as the name of his son Andrew, who was a jurat of the Royal Court of Guernsey, appears as often on the records of the island in the one form as in the other. One of Peter Henry's or Harris's daughters was married at Salisbury to a Henry de Beauvoir; and I have no doubt this is the marriage with which the pedigree ends. If I am right, the Harryes' pedigree has no more claim to authenticity than the De Beauvoir. IfMr. Potterwishes for farther information, and will communicate with me, I shall be happy to answer his inquiries as far as I am able.

The pedigree itself, however, suggests two or three Queries which I should like to see answered.

The heading is signed Hamlet Sankye or Saukye. Is anything known of such a person?

The pedigree speaks of Sir Robert de Beauveir of Tarwell, Knt.,now living. Was there ever a family of the name of De Beauveir, De Beauvoir, or Beaver, of Tarwell, in Nottinghamshire? And if there was, what arms did they bear?

If there was such a family, was it in any way connected with any of the early proprietors of Belvoir Castle?

Is anything known of a family of the name of Harryes or Harris of Orton, and what were their arms?

Edgar MacCulloch.

Guernsey.

(Vol. ix., p. 325.)

The following entry appears in a Corporation Book of this city, under the year 1662:

"Thomas Corbold, who hath a loathesome disease, have, with his wife and two children, layne in the Porch of St. Peters per Mountegate above one year; it is now ordered by the Court that he be put into some place in the Pest-houses during the pleasure of the Court, untill the Lazar-houses be repaired."

How they were supported during the year does not appear, or if he belonged to the parish; nor is it said that it was considered he gained settlement on the parish by continuing in the porch one year.

I have heard of similar instances under an idea that any person may lodge in a church porch, and are not removable; but I believe it is an erroneous idea.

Goddard Johnson.

In proof of the idea being current among the lower orders, that the church porch is a place of refuge for any houseless parishioners, I beg to state that a poor woman of the adjoining parish of Langford, came the other day to ask whether I, as a magistrate, could render her any assistance, as, in consequence of her husband's father and mother having gone to America, she and her family had become houseless, and were obliged to take up their abode in the church porch.

A. S.

West Tofts Rectory, Brandon, Norfolk.

I know an instance where a person found a temporary, but at the same time an involuntary, home in a church porch. There was a dispute between the parishes of Frodingham and Broughton, co. Lincoln, some twelve months ago, as to the settlement of an old woman. She had been living for some time in, and had become chargeable to the latter parish, but was said to belong to the former. By some means or other the woman's son was induced to convey his mother to the parish of Frodingham, which he did; and as he knew quite well that the overseer of the parish would not receive her at his hands, he adopted the somewhat strange course of leaving her in the church porch, where she remained until evening, when the overseer of Frodingham took her away, fearing that her life might be in danger from exposure to the cold, she being far advanced in years. Until I sawCheverells'Query, I thought the depository of the old woman in the church porch was, so far as theplaceof deposit was concerned, more accidental than designed; but after all it may be the remnant of some such custom as that of which he speaks, and I, for one, should be glad to see farther inquiry made into it. To which of J. H. Parker'sParochial TalesdoesCheverellsallude?

W. E. Howlett.

Kirton-in-Lindsey.

(Vol. ix., p. 417.)

The late Duke of Parma was not the first lineal representative of the Stuarts, as stated by E. S. S. W. Victor Emanuel, King of Sardinia, who succeeded in 1802, left by his wife Maria Theresa of Austria four daughters. The eldest of these four, Beatrix, born in 1792, married, in 1812, Francis IV., Duke of Modena, and by him (who died on the 21st of January, 1846) had issue two sons and two daughters. The eldest of these sons, Francis V., the present reigning Duke of Modena, is therefore the person who would be now sitting on the English throne had the Stuarts kept the succession. He has no children, I believe, by his wife Adelgonda of Bavaria; and the next person in succession would therefore be Dorothea, the infant daughter of his deceased brother Victor.

Victor Emanuel'sseconddaughter was Maria Theresa, who married Charles Duke of Parma, as stated by E. S. S. W.

The present Countess of Chambord is Maria Theresa Beatrice-GaÃ«tana, the eldest of the two sisters of Francis V., Duke of Modena. She is therefore wife of the representative of the House of Bourbon, and sister to the representative of the House of Stuart.

S. L. P.

Oxford and Cambridge Club.

Allow me to correct the statement made by your correspondent, that the Duke of Parma represented the Royal House of Stuart. The mother of the late Duke of Parma had an elder sister, Maria Beatrice, who married Francis IV., late Duke of Modena, and upon her death, in 1840, therepresentationdevolved upon her son, Francis V., the present Duke of Modena, who was born in 1819.

P. V.

Allow me to remark on the article of E. S. S. W. (Vol. ix., p. 417.) respecting the House of Stuart, that he is in error in assigning that honour to the late Duke of Parma, and, as a consequence, to his infant son and successor, Robert, now Duke of Parma. The late Duke was undoubtedly a descendant of Charles I. through his mother; but his mother had aneldersister, Beatrice, late Duchess of Modena, whose son, Francis V., now Duke of Modena, born 1st June, 1819, is the unquestionable heir to the House of Stuart, and, as a Jacobite would say, if any such curiosity there be in existence, legitimate King of Great Britain and Ireland.

J. Reynell Wreford.

Bristol.

Mr. Townsend's Wax-paper Process.â€”At the last meeting of the Photographic Society a paper was read by Mr. Townsend, giving the results of a series of experiments instituted by him in reference to the wax-paper process. One of the great objections hitherto made to this process has been its slowness, as compared with the original calotype process, and its various modifications; and another, that its preparation involved some complexity of manipulation. Mr. Townsend has simplified the process materially, having found that the use of the fluoride and cyanide of potassium, as directed by Le Gray, in no way adds to the efficiency of the process, either in accelerating or otherwise. The iodide and bromide of potassium with free iodine give a paper which produces rapid, sure, and clean results. He discards whey, sugar of milk, grape sugar, &c., hitherto deemed essential, but which his experience shows to be unnecessary. He exhibited three negatives of the same view taken consecutively at eight o'clock in the morning, with the respective exposures of thirty seconds, two and a half minutes, and ten minutes, each of which was good and perfect. The formula he adopts is:

The waxed papers are wholly immersed in this solution, and left to soak at least two hours, and are then hung to dry in the usual way. The papers are made sensitive by wholly immersing them in aceto-nitrate of silver of the following proportions:

The papers remaining in this solution not less than eight minutes. They are washed in two waters for eight minutes each, and then blotted off in the ordinary manner. Mr. Townsend states that there is no need to fear leaving the paper in the sensitive bath too long. He has left it in the bath fourteen hours without any injury. The paper thus prepared will keep ten or twelve days; it may be longer, but his experience does not extend beyond that time. With paper thus prepared a portrait was exhibited, taken in fifty-five seconds, in a room with a side light; but it must be added, that in this instance the paper was not washed, but was blotted off immediately on its leaving the sensitive bath, though not used until two hours had elapsed. Mr. Townsend uses for developing a saturated solution of gallic acid with a drachm of aceto-nitrate to every four ounces of it, but he considers that this proportion of aceto-nitrate may be beneficially lessened. He finds that by this process he is certain of success, and is never troubled with that browning over of the paper which so often attends the use of the other methods of preparation. Besides the rapidity of action which he states, there is the farther advantage that a lengthened exposure is not injurious. The proportion of bromide may vary from 150 grs. to 250 grs.; less than 150 is not sufficient to produce a maximum of rapidity, whilst more than 250 adds nothing to the effect.

Photographic Litigation.â€”Will you allow me, through the medium of "N. & Q.," to suggest to those whotake an interest in the collodion process, the desirableness of making a subscription to aid Mr. Henderson in his defence against the proceedings commenced by Mr. Talbot, to restrain him (and through him, no doubt, all others) from taking collodion portraits.[11]

It does not appear just that one person should bear the whole expense of a defence in which so many are interested; and I have no doubt that if a subscription be set on foot, many photographers will willingly contribute. A subscription, besides its material aid to Mr. Henderson, would also serve to show that public opinion is opposed to such absurd and unjust attempts at monopoly.

It is difficult to imagine how a claim can be established to a right in an invention made many years subsequent to the date of the patent under which the claim is madeâ€”not only made by another person, but differing so widely in principle from the patent process. The advertisement in theAthenÃ¦umof Saturday last (June 10) shows plainly that it is intended, if possible, to prevent the production of portraits on collodion by any person not licensed by Mr. Talbot; and the harshness of this proceeding, after the process has been in public use for several years, needs no comment.

H. C. Sands.

30. Spring Gardens, Bradford.

Footnote 11:(return)The words of the advertisement are "makingand selling."

The words of the advertisement are "makingand selling."

[We insert this communication, because we believe it gives expression to a sentiment shared by many. Subscriptions in favour of M. La Roche, whose case stands first for trial, are received by Messrs. Horne and Thornthwaite. Our correspondent does not, however, accurately represent the caution issued by Mr. F. Talbot's solicitors, which is against "makingand selling" photographic portraits by the collodion process. When giving up his patent to the public, Mr. Fox Talbot reserved "in the hands of his own licensees the application of the invention to the taking photographic portraits for sale," and we have always regretted that Mr. F. Talbot should have made such reservation, founded, as it is, upon a very questionable right.â€”Ed."N. & Q."]

Vandyking(Vol. ix., p. 452.).â€”Your correspondent P. C. S. S. asks the meaning of the termVandyking, in the following passage of a letter from Secretary Windebanke to the Lord Deputy Wentworth, dated Westminster, Nov. 20, 1633, the Lord Deputy being then in Ireland:â€”

"Now, my Lord, for my own observations of your carriage since you had the conduct of affairs there [in Ireland], because you press me so earnestly, I shall take the boldness to deliver myself as freely."First, though while we had the happiness and honour to have your assistance here at the Council Board, you made many ill faces with your pen (pardon, I beseech your Lordship, the over free censure of your Vandyking), and worse, oftentimes, with your speeches, especially in the business of the Lord Falconberg, Sir Thomas Gore, Vermuyden, and others; yet I understand you make worse there in Ireland, and there never appeared a worse face under a cork upon a bottle, than your Lordship hath caused some to make in disgorging such church livings as their zeal had eaten up."â€”Strafford's Letters, vol. i. p. 161.

"First, though while we had the happiness and honour to have your assistance here at the Council Board, you made many ill faces with your pen (pardon, I beseech your Lordship, the over free censure of your Vandyking), and worse, oftentimes, with your speeches, especially in the business of the Lord Falconberg, Sir Thomas Gore, Vermuyden, and others; yet I understand you make worse there in Ireland, and there never appeared a worse face under a cork upon a bottle, than your Lordship hath caused some to make in disgorging such church livings as their zeal had eaten up."â€”Strafford's Letters, vol. i. p. 161.

This passage, as well as what follows, is written in a strain of banter, and is intended to compliment the great Lord Deputy under the pretence of a free censure of his conduct. The first part of the second paragraph evidently alludes to Wentworth's habit of drawing faces upon paper when he was sitting at the Council Table, and the wordVandykingis used in the sense ofportrait-painting. Vandyck was born in 1599; he visited England for a short time in 1620, and in 1632 he came to England permanently, was lodged by the king, and knighted; in the following year he received a pension of 200l.for life, and the title of painter to his Majesty. It was therefore quite natural that Windebanke should, in November, 1633, use the termVandykingas equivalent toportrait-painting.

In the latter part of the same paragraph, the allusion is to the wry faces, which the speeches of this imperious member of council sometimes caused. Can any of your correspondents explain the expression, "a worse face under a cork upon a bottle?"

Monteith(Vol. ix., p. 452.).â€”The Monteith was a kind of punch-bowl (sometimes of delf ware) with scallops or indentations in the brim, the object of which was to convert it into a convenient tray for bringing in the glasses. These were of wine-glass shape, and being placed with the brims downwards, and radiating from the centre, and with the handles protruding through the indentations in the bowl, were easily carried, without much jingling or risk of breakage. Of course the bowl was empty of liquor at the time.

P. P.

A. M. and M. A.(Vol. ix., p. 475.).â€”Juverna, M. A., is certainly wrong in stating that "Masters of Arts of Oxford are styled 'M. A.,' in contradistinction to the Masters of Arts in every other university." A. B., A. M., are the proper initials forBaccalaureusandMagister Artium, and should therefore only be used when the name is in Latin. B.A. and M.A. are those for Bachelor and Master of Arts, and are the only ones to be used where the name is expressed in English. Thus John Smith, had he taken his first degree in Arts at any university, might indicate the fact by signing John Smith, B.A., or Johannes S., A.B. If he put John Smith, A.B., a doubt might exist whether he were not anable-bodiedseaman, for that is implied by A.B. attached to an English name. The editor of Farindon'sSermons, who is, I believe, a Dissenter, styles himself the Reverend T. Jackson, S.T.P.,i. e.SacrosanctÃ¦ TheologiÃ¦Professor. He might as well have part of his title in Sanscrit, as part in English and part in Latin.

I believe this mistake is made more frequently by graduates of Cambridge than by those of Oxford. Indeed, they have now created a new degree, Master of Laws, with the initials LL.M. (Legum Magister). But they are usually infelicitous in their nomenclature, as witness theirvoluntarytheological examination, now madecompulsoryby all the bishops.

E. G. R., M.A.

Cambridge.

"The monks asserted that all heresies arose from those two languages [Greek and Hebrew], and particularly from the Greek. 'The New Testament,' said one of them, 'is a book full of serpents and thorns. Greek,' continued he, 'is a new and recently-invented language, and we must be upon our guard against it. As for Hebrew, my dear brethren, it is certain that all who learn it immediately become Jews.' Heresbach, a friend of Erasmus and a respectable author, reports these expressions."

B. H. C.

In Lewis'sHistory of the English Translation of the Bible, edit. London, 1818, pp. 54, 55., the following passage occurs:

"These proceedings for the advancement of learning and knowledge, especially in divine matters, alarmed the ignorant and illiterate monks, insomuch that they declaimed from the pulpits, that 'there was now anew languagediscovered called Greek, of which people should beware, since it was that which produced all the heresies; that in this language was come forth a book called theNew Testament, which was now in everybody's hands, and was full of thorns and briers: that there was also another language now started up which they called Hebrew, and that they who learnt it were termed Hebrews.'"

The authority quoted for this statement is Hody,De Bibliorum Textibus, p. 465.

See also the rebuke administered by Henry VIII. to a preacher who had "launched forth against Greek and its new interpreters," in Erasmus,Epp., p. 347., quoted in D'AubignÃ©'sReformation, bookXVIII.1.

C. W. Bingham.

Caldecott's Translation of the New Testament(Vol. viii., p. 410.).â€”J. M. Caldecott, the translator of the New Testament, referred to by your correspondent S. A. S., is the son of the late â€”â€” Caldecott, Esq., of Rugby Lodge, and was educated at Rugby School, where I believe he obtained one or more prizes as a first-class Greek and Hebrew scholar. After completing his studies at this school, his father purchased for him a commission in the East India Company's service; but soon after his arrival in India, conceiving a dislike to the army, he sold his commission and returned to England. Being somewhat singular in his notions, and altogether eccentric both in manner and appearance, he estranged himself from his family and friends, and, as I have been informed, took up his temporary abode in this city about the year 1828. Although his income was at that time little short of 300l.per annum, he had neither house nor servant of his own; but boarded in the house of a respectable tradesman, living on the plainest fare (so as he was wont to say), to enable him to give the more to feed the hungry and clothe the naked. In this way, and by being frequently imposed upon by worthless characters, he gave away, in a few years, nearly all his property, leaving himself almost destitute: and, indeed, would have been entirely so, but for a weekly allowance made to him by his mother (sometime since deceased), on which he is at the present time living in great obscurity in one of our large seaport towns; but may be occasionally seen in the streets with a long beard, and a broad-brimmed hat, addressing a group of idlers and half-naked children. I could furnish your correspondent S. A. S. with more information if needful.

T. J.

Chester.

Blue Bells of Scotland(Vol. viii., p. 388. Vol. ix., p. 209.).â€”SurelyW (black-letter)of Philadelphia is right in supposing that the Blue Bell of Scotland, in the ballad which goes by that name, is a bell painted blue, and used as the sign of an inn, and not the flower so called, as asserted byHenry Stephens, unless indeed there be an older ballad than the one commonly sung, which, as many of your readers must be aware, contains this line,â€”

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