MISCELLANEOUS

10. Archbishop Usher, "Errorum malleus." (Univ. of Oxford. Parr'sLife of Usher, p. 101.)

11. Henry Hammond,Errorum maleus, &c.. (Lloyd'sMemoires, p. 401.)

12. Dean Comber, "falsi Malleus". (Ib. v. 450.) The reader will at once recollect "The hammer of the whole earth," in Jeremiah, L. 23. Grotius, in his note on the "Malleusuniversæ terræ" of that passage, says,—

"Sic vocat Chaldæos, pari de causâ ut ob quamFrancorum quidam dictus estMartellus".

"Sic vocat Chaldæos, pari de causâ ut ob quam

Francorum quidam dictus estMartellus".

Compare George Herbert of Lord Bacon,—"SophismatumMastix ... Securisque errorum," &c. &c. (Poems, p. 253, ed. 1844.) Nor must we forget Attila, "thescourgeof God."

R.A.

Charles Martel(Vol. i. p. 86.)—The following note may perhaps be acceptable in conjunction with that of G.J.K. (p. 86.), on Charles Martel. It is taken from Michelet'sHistory of France, an easily accessible work.

"Charlemagne is usually considered as the translation of Carolus Magnus. 'Challemaines si vaut autant comme grant challes.' (Chro. de St. Denis, 1. i. c. 4.) Charlemagne is merely a corruption of Carloman, Karlmann, the strong man. In the above-cited chronicle itself, the words Challes and Challemaines are used for Charles and Carloman (maine, a corruption ofmann, asleineoflana). In theChronicle of Theophanesa still more conclusive text is found: he calls Carloman Καρουλλομαγνος;Scr. fr.v. 187. The two brothers must have borne the same name. In the 10th century, Charles the Bald was dignified, though most undeservedly, with the same title of Great, through the ignorance of the Latin monks.—Epitaph. ap Scrip. fr. vii. 322.... Nomen qui nomine duxitDe Magni Magnus, de Caroli Carolus.A similar kind of blunder was made by the Greek writers in the name Elagabal, which they transformed into Heliogabal, from "'Ηλιος, the sun."

... Nomen qui nomine duxitDe Magni Magnus, de Caroli Carolus.

... Nomen qui nomine duxit

De Magni Magnus, de Caroli Carolus.

A similar kind of blunder was made by the Greek writers in the name Elagabal, which they transformed into Heliogabal, from "'Ηλιος, the sun."

With regard to Charles Martel, Michelet does not allude to M. Collin de Plaucy's explanation, and adopts the old version—

"Son surnom païen de Marteau me ferait volontiers douter s'il était chrétien. On sait que le marteau est l'attribut de Thor, le signe de l'association païcune, celui de la propriété de la conquête barbare."—Vide Michelet'sOrigines du Droit Français.

Charles was notoriously at variance with the Church. I should consider Michelet a much better authority than M. Collin de Plaucy, who, to judge from his preface to another work,Le Dictionnaire Infernal, slavishly submits his critical acuteness to the dicta of his Church.

J.B.D.

I am not going to take part in the game ofhockey, started by LORD BRAYBROOKE, and carried on with so much spirit by several of your correspondents in No. 28.; but I have a word to say to one of the hockey-players, C.B., who,per fas et nefas, has mixed up "feast and fast" with the game.

C.B. asks, "Is not the derivation of 'feast' and 'fast' originally the same? that which is appointed connected with 'fas,' and that from 'fari?'" I should say no; and let me cite the familiar lines from the beginning of Ovid'sFasti:—

"Ne tamen ignores variorum jura dierumNon habet officii Lucifer omnis idem.Ille Nefastus erit per quem tria verba silentur:Fastus, erit per quem lege licebit agi.Neu toto perstare die sua jura putâris;Qui jam Fastus erit, manè Nefastus erat.Nam simul exta Deo data sunt, licet omnia fari;Verbaque Honoratus libera Praetor habet."

"Ne tamen ignores variorum jura dierum

Non habet officii Lucifer omnis idem.

Ille Nefastus erit per quem tria verba silentur:

Fastus, erit per quem lege licebit agi.

Neu toto perstare die sua jura putâris;

Qui jam Fastus erit, manè Nefastus erat.

Nam simul exta Deo data sunt, licet omnia fari;

Verbaque Honoratus libera Praetor habet."

Thedies festuswas not only notdies fastus, butdies nefastus.

Without going beyondfeastandfast, I see nothing in C.B.'s suggestion better than the old derivations of the wordsfeastfromfestus -um, andfastfrom the Anglo-Saxon; nor indeed anything half so good.Feastandfastare opposed in meaning: our wordfasthas a meaning which neitherfas, fari, norfastus, nor all three together, will explain.

CH.

The Badger's Legs(Vol. i., p. 381.).—In answer to one of your correspondents, who inquires whether there is any allusion to the inequalities of the badger's legs previous to that made by Sir T. Browne:—

"And as that beast hath legs (which shepherds fear,'Yclept a badger, which our lambs doth tear),One long, the other short, that when he runsUpon the plain, he halts, but when he runsOn craggy rocks, or steepy hills, we seeNone runs more swift or easier than he."

"And as that beast hath legs (which shepherds fear,

'Yclept a badger, which our lambs doth tear),

One long, the other short, that when he runs

Upon the plain, he halts, but when he runs

On craggy rocks, or steepy hills, we see

None runs more swift or easier than he."

Browne'sBritannia's Pastorals, B.I.

Song 5. A.D. 1613.

J.F. BOYES.

Twm Sion Catti(Vol. i., p. 456.).—Seleucus observes that Twm Catti flourished between the years 1590 and 1630.

I have seen the original pardon, under the great seal, countersigned Vaughan, and bearing date 15th Jan., 1st of Elizabeth (1559).

The pardon extends to—

"Thome Johns, alias Cattye, nuper de Tregaen in Com. Cardigan, Genº., alias dict. Thome Johns, alias Catty ae Tregaem, in Com. Cardigan, Generoso, alias dict. Thome Jones, alias Catty, Gent., sen quocunque alio nomine vel cognomine seu additione hominis cognitionis dignitatis, officii sen losi idem Thomas cognatur, vocetur seu nuncupetur," &c. &c.; and includes "omnia escapia et cautiones."

I have written the extract without all the contractions in the original.

J.M.T.

May 21. 1850.

Christian Captives(Vol. i., p. 441.).—R.W.B. may probably obtain valuable information from the trustees of Lady Mico's Charity. See Attorney-Generalv. Gibson, 2Beavan, 317. (n.)

A note on that case may not be uninteresting, as showing the vast increase of a fund originally small.

Lady Mico, in 1670, gave 1000l. to redeem poor slaves. In 1686 this fund was laid out in the purchase of land.

In 1827 an information was filed against Mr. Gibson and others and at that time the rental of the purchased land amounted to something like 3000l. a year, and the trustees had accumulated upwards of 115,000l. Consols.

Trustees were appointed in 1834, and their office is No. 20. Buckingham Street, Strand. The funds are applied towards the education of our emancipated slaves.

Q.D.

Cannibals.—Your correspondent W. (Vol. i., p. 186.) will field the origin of this word in Stillingfleet'sOrigines Sacrae, Part II. Book i. c. i., where there are traced the gradations observed by travellers in the savagery of the several natives of America. Has it been recorded of any people in Europe, Asia, or Africa, that they were addicted to the practice of scalping?

T.J.

Symbols of the four Evangelists.—The misappropriation of the four faces of the cherubim, originally designed to shadow forth the incarnate Deity, to the four evangelists, with whom these emblematic representations are still, as anciently, associated in architectural decorations and heraldic bearings, appear to have originated, among the early Christians, in the reverence with which they regarded the four gospels. JARLZBERG (Vol. i., p. 385.) explains why the lion is assigned to St. Mark, and desires to know the reasons assigned for the three other Evangelists' emblems.

"Aquila", says Aringhi, "dignissimum ilium ac lynceum in arcanarum rerum ac mysteriorum sublimitate speculatorem, Joannem Evangelistam sublimi velocium pennarum symbolo portendit."

The ox, according to the same author, has been assigned as well to St. Matthew as to St. Luke, as all laborious ministers of the gospel are aptly represented by the "animal natum tolerare labores."

T.J.

Turkish Spy(Vol. i., p.334).—In theGent. Mag.for March last, it is well observed that "It is a great fault in an historical writer not to be well read in Sylvanus Urban." The remark will apply to your inquirer concerning these celebrated letters, and indeed, to many others who devote much labour in exploring the contents of MSS., without being aware of what lies on the surface of literature. The late D'Israeli is a striking instance of this art ofdiscoveringin an old MS. what had been long known in print.

In consequence of what Mr. Hallam stated concerning theseLetters of a Turkish Spy, I sent a communication to theGent. Mag., which appearedin vol. xiv. N.S. 142., on the subject, which gave rise to several interesting articles in the same and subsequent vol. from other more able writers. To these I would refer Dr. Rimbault, and it will afford me much satisfaction if he will aid in elucidating what still remains avexata questio.

F.R.A.

Dr. Maginn's Miscellanies(Vol. i., p. 470.).—In reply to J.M.B., I beg to state that the "Magazine Miscellanies" of Dr. Maginn were published in numbers, at 3d. each, by Dodsley and Co., Crane Court, Fleet St. I have nine numbers of it, all that were published, I believe, containing several tales, serious and humorous Poems, Irish Melodies, Maxims of Mr. O'Doherty, Miscellaneous Papers, The Tobias Correspondence, a translation of Lucian's Timon, Shakspere Papers on Sir John Falstaff Jaques, Romeo, Bottom the Weaver, Lady Macbeth, and Timon; a Translation of the Batrachomyomachia, and three or four of the Homeric Ballads.

WILLIAM CARPENTER.

Adelphi.

As your correspondent J.M.B. appears to be inquiring into the earliest contributions of Dr. Maginn to the periodical press in England, you may inform him that he communicated a great number of papers, &c., to theLiterary Gazettebefore he left Cork, and wrote articles inBlackwood's Magazine. The former were his first appearances in print in England, though the Cork journals published many of his productions whilst yet a mere boy.

TEUTHA.

Trianon(Vol. i., p. 439.).—The meaning of this word is "a pavilion," and was applied, doubtless, to the elegant structures to which your correspondent refers, on account of the light and graceful style of their architecture.

J.K.R.W.

Lee Trianons.—I have always understood that these gardens, &c., took their name from the village of Trianon, the site of which they occupy, and which village Louis XIV. purchased from the monks of St. Geneviève.

AREDJID KOOEZ.

Pimlico(Vol. i. p. 383. and 474.).—Would it not be worth the while of some of your ingenious correspondents to inquire whether the following extract may not give a clue to the origin of this word?

In an enumeration of "strange birds" to be found in Barbadoes, there is mention of "the Egge Bird, the Cahow, the Tropick Bird,the Pemlico which presageth storms." America painted to the life. (The True History of the Spaniards' Proceedings in America, by Ferdinando Gorges, Esq., Lond. 4to. 1659.)

BR.

The Arms of Godin.—My attention has been drawn to a Query from Mr. KERSLEY, in page 439. of Vol. i., relative to the arms of Godin. I have seen these arms blazoned variously. Mr. Godin Shiffner bears them quarterly with his own coat of Shiffner, and blazons them thus:—Party per fess, azure and gules, a barr or; in chief, a dexter and sinister hand grasping a cup, all proper.

I am inclined to think this is an innovation upon the original arms, as I have them painted on an old piece of chinaazure, a cup or. They are here impaled with the arms of Du Fon, an ancient French family that intermarried with the Godins.

In theThéâtre de la Noblesse de Brabant, I find that "François Godin, Secrétaire ordinaire du Roy Philippe II., en grand conseil séant à Malines," was ennobled by letters patent, dated Madrid, 7th January, 1589, and "port les armoiries suivantes, qui sont,un escu de sinople à une coupe lasalade, ou couverture ouverte d'or; ledit escu sommé d'un heaume d'argent grillé et liséré d'or; aux bourlet et hachements d'or et de sinople: cimier une coupe de l'escu."

This blazoning is corrected in the index, where the arms are stated to be "un escu de sinople à la coupe couverte d'or."

In theNobiliaire des Pays-Bas, I find that Daniel Godin, Seigneur de Beauvois, was enobled by Philip IV. in 1623, and "les armes sont,de sinople à une coupe couverte d'or."

In 1642, "Jean-François Godin, Seigneur de Baumez, Baillé et haut Justicier de Reumes" (son of François Godin, who was ennobled by Philip II.), obtained permission from Philip IV. to alter his paternal coat, and to carry "un écu de sinople à trois coupes couvertes d'or; cet écu timbré d'un casque d'argent, grillé, liséré, et couronné d'or, orné de ses lambrequins d'or et de sinople, et au-dessus en cimier, une tête et col de licorne au naturel."

His son, Jaques-François Godin, appears afterwards to have obtained the title of Baron.

The earliest mention I can find of the Godin arms is in 1588, when Christopher Godin carried "de sinople à une coupe couverte d'or." He was a son of Jacques Seigneur d'Aubrecicourt and of Françoise Lettin, and brother to the first-named François Godin. There appears to have been another brother, Jaques; and they were all three ennobled by Philip II., probably for their public services, as Christopher was Conseiller et Receveur-général des Domaines et Finances des Pays-Bas; Jacques, Conseiller et Maître de la Chambre des Comptes en Hollande; and François, Secrétaire du Grand Conseil à Malines.

I am not aware what connection existed between these Godins and the family of that name in Normandy (now extinct); but thecupin the arms, though borne differently, proves that they were of the same race.

J.R.C.

May 23, 1850.

The Title of D.D.—The remarks of your correspondent "BROWN RAPPEE" (Vol. I. p. 438.)induced me to turn to the List of the Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries, and I find it in my power to exonerate the compiler of the list on one point from the carelessness he imputes. "BROWN RAPPEE" says, "We see one or two D.D.'s deprived of their titles of 'Rev.'" I find but one D.D. in that condition, and in that instance the list is correct, and the usual prefix would have been an error; the gentleman in questionnotbeing in orders, although his services in Biblical literature have been acknowledged with the degree of D.D. Your correspondent does not seem to be aware that this doctorate is, like all others, an academical, and not a clerical, distinction and that, although it is seldom dissociated from the clerical office in this country, any lay scholar of adequate attainments in theology is competent to receive this distinction, and any university to bestow it upon him.

EYE-SNUFF.

Emancipation of the Jews(Vol. i. p. 479.).—The following extract from Tovey'sAnglia Judaica, p. 259., may be acceptable in connection with this subject:—

"As soon as King Charles was murther'd, the Jews petitioned the Council of War to endeavour a repeal of that act of parliament which had been made against them; promising, in return, to make them a present of five hundred thousand pounds: Provided that they could likewise procure the cathedral of St. Paul to be procured them for a synagogue, and the Bodleian Library at Oxford to begin their traffic with, which piece of service it seems was undertaken by thosehonest men, at the solicitation of Hugh Peters and Henry Masters, whom the Jews employed as their brokers but without any success."

Afterwards, however, the Jews of Holland sent a deputation, consisting of the famous Rabbi Manasseh ben Israel, and several wealthy Jewish merchants. When Cromwell came into full power their hopes were raised, for he was known to be favourable to their re-admission; but after much discussion, the popular feeling, and the voices of many influential preachers, were found to be so much against the measure that nothing was eventually done; and Charles II. must be regarded as the restorer of the Jews to this country. Tovey says that the Rabbi Netto, "the governor of the synagogue" in his time, had searched the Jewish registers at his request, and had found that, so late as 1663, there were but twelve Jews in England. It seems that while these negotiations were in hand, all sorts of absurd and idle rumours were afloat. Among these I incline to reckon the alleged proposal to purchase St. Paul's for a synagogue. It seems to be sufficiently refuted by the intrinsic absurdity of the thing. But beyond this we have the express denial, made on the spot and at the time, by Rabbi Manasseh ben Israel himself. On turning to hisVindiciæ Judæorum, written in this country, I find that after recapitulating various calumnies on his people—such as their sacrificing Christian children, etc.—he thus goes on:—

"'Love and hatred,' says Plutarch, 'corrupt the truth of every thing;' as experience sufficiently declares it, when we see that which comes to pass, that one and the same thing, in one and the same city, at one and the same time, is related in different manners. I myself, in my own negociation here, have found it so. For it hath been rumoured abroad, that our nation had purchased St. Paul's church, for to make it their synagogue, notwithstanding it was a temple formerly consecrated to Diana. And many other things have been reported of us that never entered the thought of our nation."

J.K.

Sneck-up or Snick-up.—Surely this means nothing more or less than what we should writeHiccup!orHiccough!so, at least, I have always supposed; misled, perhaps, by Sir Toby's surname, and his parenthetical imprecation on "pickle herring". I do not pretend to be a critic of Shakspeare, and must confess that I do not possess a copy of the "Twelfth Night" but after seeing your correspondent R.R.'s letter (Vol. i., p. 467.), I resolved to write you a note. First, however, I called on a neighbour to get a look at the text, and he brought me down Theobald's edition of 1773, where it stands,—

"Sir To.We did keep time, Sir, in our catches.Sneck up!" [Hiccoughs.

The effort necessary to pronounce the word "catches" might help to produce a catch of another sort in the stomach of a gentleman oppressed with drink and pickle herring; and it seems likely that some such idea was in the author's mind.

DAVUS.

The readiness which many of our friends have evinced to illustrate that most curious, interesting, and valuable of all gossiping histories, the recently completed edition ofThe Diary of Samuel Pepys, for which the public is indebted to our noble correspondent Lord Braybrooke, tempts us to call their attention to the no less important work now in course of publication,The Diary and Correspondence of John Evelyn.This we are the more anxious to do, inasmuch as, although the two volumes already issued complete the Diary, there remains still an opportunity of introducing into the concluding volumes such farther notes and illustrations as any of our readers may be enabled and disposed to furnish and who would not gladly so show his reverence for the memory of such a man as John Evelyn?

A List of Printed Service Books according to the Ancient Uses of the Anglican Churchhas recently beenprinted by Mr. F. Dickenson (late M.P. for Somersetshire), as a first attempt towards getting a complete account of all such books, and of all copies of each class that are extant. Mr. Dickenson's object is, eventually to produce a completeCatalogue raisonnéeof all books of this class, whether printed or MSS., comprising, as to the MSS., a careful abstract of the contents of each, with a notice of its probable age and of anything that may help to fix the place where it was written, or intended to be used; and as to the printed copies, supplying the title, colophon, foliation, and any peculiarities of type, woodcuts, or ornaments, and including besides, an account of the origin and history of the Anglican uses. Any information on these heads with which that gentleman may be favoured, our readers may calculate on seeing turned to good account.

We have tested De la Rue and Co.'sImproved Pamphlet Binder(registered by James MacCabe), for the purpose of facilitating the binding or extracting of any letter or pamphlet, without the possibility of deranging the consecutive order of any others that may be contained in it, and have found it answer extremely well the purpose for which it was intended. Whether containing one pamphlet or fifty,—and we tried with the numbers of our valued contemporary, theAthenæum,—it equally forms a perfect book; and we have therefore no doubt of its practical utility.

Messrs. Sotheby and Co., Wellington Street, Strand, will commence on Wednesday next a nine days' sale of the Philological, Philosophical, Historical, Classical, and General Library of the late Dr. Scott, of Bedford Square, a library particularly rich in Oriental Works.

(In continuation of Lists in former Nos.):

ARCANA OF SCIENCE, 1828.

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INDEX AND TITLE-PAGE TO VOLUME THE FIRST.The Index is preparing as rapidly as can be, consistently with fullness and accuracy, and we hope to have that and the Title page ready by the 15th of the Month.

Our readers will perceive some few alterations in the mechanical arrangement of our Paper. These have been adopted for the purpose of procuring additional space for their communications.

Errata in Vol. I.—P. 405. col. 1., for "Taxall" and "Texshall," read "Paxall" and "Pexshall," and for "Bacon," read "Becon;" p. 412. col. 2. l. 17., for "audato" read "andato," l. 20., for "Ginnone," read "Giunone," l. 23., for "DELLE," read "DETTE," l. 24, for "Gopelin," read "Gosselin;" p 468. col. 2., for "Estruscilla," read "Etruscilla;" p.481 col. 2., for "Prominens," read "Proximus," and for "proprior," read "propior;" p.486. col. 1. l. 23., for "vespertionum," read "vespertilionum."

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