Replies.

"The man that killed the ram, Sir,Was up to his knees in blood;The boy that held the bucket, Sir,Was carried away in the flood."

"The man that killed the ram, Sir,

Was up to his knees in blood;

The boy that held the bucket, Sir,

Was carried away in the flood."

I fancy it had an electioneering origin.

H. W.

Lady Slingsby.—Among many of the plays temp. Car. II. the name of "The Lady Slingsby" occurs in the list of performers composing thedramatis personæ. Who was this Lady Slingsby?

God save the Queen.—Can any correspondent state the reason of the recent discontinuance of this brief but solemn and scriptural ejaculation, at the close of royal proclamations, letters, &c., read during the service of the Church?

J. H. M.

Meaning of Steyne—Origin of Adur.—Can any of your correspondents give the derivation of the word "Steyne," as used at Brighton, for instance? or the origin of the name "Adur," a small river running into the sea at Shoreham?

Col. Lilburn.—Who was the author of a book calledLieut.-Colonel John Lilburn tryed and cast, or his Case and Craft discovered, &c., &c., published by authority, 1653?

P. S. W. E.

French Verses.—Will one of your readers kindly inform me from what French poet the two following stanzas are taken?

"La Mort a des rigueurs à nulle autre pareilles.On a beau la prier,La cruelle, qu'elle est, se bouche les oreilles,Et nous laisse crier."Le pauvre en sa cabane, que le chaume couvre,Est sujet à ses lois;Et la garde qui veille aux barrières du LouvreN'en défend pas les rois."

"La Mort a des rigueurs à nulle autre pareilles.On a beau la prier,La cruelle, qu'elle est, se bouche les oreilles,Et nous laisse crier.

"La Mort a des rigueurs à nulle autre pareilles.

On a beau la prier,

La cruelle, qu'elle est, se bouche les oreilles,

Et nous laisse crier.

"Le pauvre en sa cabane, que le chaume couvre,Est sujet à ses lois;Et la garde qui veille aux barrières du LouvreN'en défend pas les rois."

"Le pauvre en sa cabane, que le chaume couvre,

Est sujet à ses lois;

Et la garde qui veille aux barrières du Louvre

N'en défend pas les rois."

E. R. C. B.

Our World.—I once heard a lady repeat the following pithy lines, and shall be glad if any of your readers can tell me who is the author, and where they first appeared,

"'Tis a very good world to live in—To lend, and to spend, and to give in;But to beg, or to borrow, or ask for one's own,'Tis the very worst world that ever was known."

"'Tis a very good world to live in—

To lend, and to spend, and to give in;

But to beg, or to borrow, or ask for one's own,

'Tis the very worst world that ever was known."

D. V. S.

Home, April 29.

Porson's Imposition.—When Porson was at Cambridge, his tutor lent him a pound to buy books, which he spent in getting drunk at atavern. The tutor set him an imposition, which he made to consist in a dog-Greek poem, giving an account of the affair. These were the three first lines,—

"Τυτορ ἐμοὶ μὲν πουνδον ἐλένδετο· ῶς μάλα σιμπλοςΤὸν μὲν ἐγὼ σπένδον κατα δώματα ρεδλιονοιο,Δριγκομενος καὶ ῥωρομενος διὰ νυκτὰ βεβαίως."

"Τυτορ ἐμοὶ μὲν πουνδον ἐλένδετο· ῶς μάλα σιμπλος

Τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ σπένδον κατα δώματα ρεδλιονοιο,

Δριγκομενος καὶ ῥωρομενος διὰ νυκτὰ βεβαίως."

Then part of another,—

"—αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ μεγάλοις κλυββοῖσιν ἐβαγχθην."

I cannot but think that some Cambridge men know the whole, which would be invaluable to retrieve. There is nothing about it in Kidd.

C. B.

Alice Rolle.—Can any of your readers conversant with Irish pedigrees, if they remember to have met with this lady's name, kindly inform me where it may be found?

S. S. S.

The Meaning of "Race" in Ship-building.—In Hawkin'sVoyages("Hakluyt Society, 1847"), p. 199., he says, "Here is offerred to speak of a point much canvassed amongst carpenters and sea-captains, diversely maintained but yet undetermined, that is, whether therace, or loftie built shippe, bee best for the merchant;" and again, p. 219.: "A third and last cause of the losse of sundry of our men, most worthy of note for all captains, owners, and carpenters, was theracebuilding of our ship, the onely fault she had," &c. Can any of your correspondents explain what is meant by "race"; the editor of theVoyages, Captain C. R. D. Bethune, R.N., confesses himself unable to explain it.

E. N. W.

Southwark, May 27. 1850.

The Battle of Death.—I possess a curious old print entitled "The Battle of Death against all Creatures, and the Desolation wrought by Time." It bears the engraver's name, "Robert Smith," but no date. The figures, however, which are numerous, and comprise all ranks, seem to present the costume of the latter end of the 16th century. There is a long inscription in verse, and another in prose: query, who was the author of the verses, and what is the date of the engraving? As I am on the subject of prints, perhaps some person learned in such matters will also be kind enough to inform me what number constitutes a complete series of the engravings after Claude by Francis Vivares; and who was "Jean Rocque, Chirographaire du Roi," who executed several maps of portions of London, also a map of Kilkenny?

X. Y. A.

Kilkenny, June 8. 1850.

Execution of Charles I.—Is the name of the executioner known who beheaded King Charles I.? Is there any truth in the report that it was an Earl Stair?

P. S. W. E.

Morganitic Marriage.—In Ducange, &c., the adjectivemorganiticis connected with themorgangab(morning gift), which was usual from a husband to his wife the day after their marriage. How comes this adjective to be applied to marriages in which the wife does not take her husband's rank?

Lord Bacon's Palace and Gardens.—Will any of your architectural or landscape gardening readers inform me whether any attempts were ever made by any of our English sovereigns or nobility, or by any of our rich men of science and taste, to carry out, in practice, Lord Bacon's plans ofa princely palace, ora prince-like garden, as so graphically and so beautifully described in hisEssays, xlv. and xlvi., "Of Building" and "Of Gardens"?

I cannot but think that if such an attempt was never made, the failure is discreditable to us as a nation; and that this work ought yet to be executed, as well for its own intrinsic beauty and excellence, as in honour of the name and fame of its great proposer.

Effaress.

June 24. 1850.

"Dies Iræ, Dies Illa."—Will any of your correspondents oblige me by answering the following Queries. Who was the author of the extremely beautiful hymn, commencing—

"Dies iræ, dies illa,Solvet sœclum in favillaTeste David cum Sibylla."

"Dies iræ, dies illa,

Solvet sœclum in favilla

Teste David cum Sibylla."

And in what book was it first printed?

A copy of it is contained in a small tract in our library, entitledLyrica Sacra, excerpta ex Hymnis Ecclesiæ Antiquis. Privatim excusa Romæ, 1818. At the end of the preface is subscribed "T. M. Anglus." And on the title page in MS., "For the Rev. Dr. Milner, Dean of Carlisle, Master of Queen's College, in the University of Cambridge, from T. J. Mathia—" the rest of the name has been cut off in binding; it was probably Mathias. As here given, it has only twenty-seven lines. The original hymn is, I believe, much longer.

W. Sparrow Simpson.

Queen's College, Cambridge.

Aubrey Family.—In Burke'sPeerage and Baronetage, under the head "Aubrey," I find the following passage:—

"Vincent, Windsor Herald in the time of Elizabeth, compiled a pedigree of the family of Aubrey, which he commences thus:—'Saint Aubrey, of the blood royal of France, came into England with William the Conqueror, anno 1066, as the Chronicles of All Souls College testify, which are there to be seen tied to a chain of iron.'"

Can any of your readers give me any information respecting this "Saint Aubrey," whose name I have not been able to find in the Roll of BattleAbbey: or respecting his son, Sir Reginald Aubrey, who aided Bernard de Newmarch in the conquest of the Marches of Wales, and any of his descendants?

Pwcca.

Ogden Family.—The writer is very desirous of information as to the past history of a family of the name ofOgden. Dr. Samuel Ogden, the author of a volume of sermons, published in 1760, was a member of it. A branch of the family emigrated to America about 1700, and still exists there. They yet bear in their crest allusion to a tradition, that one of their family hid Charles II. in an oak, when pursued by his enemies. What authority is there for this story? I shall be grateful for any indications of sources of information that may seem likely to aid my researches.

Twyford.

It has often been noticed, that when a writer wishes to support some favourite hypothesis, he quite overlooks many important particulars that militate against his own view of the case. The Rev. Mr. Corser, in his valuable communication respecting Sir George Buc (Vol. ii., p. 38.), is not exempt from this accusation. He has omitted the statement of Malone, that "Sir George Buc died on the 28th of September, 1623." (Boswell'sShakspeare, iii. 59.) We knowpositivelythat in May 1622, Sir George, "by reason of sickness and indisposition of body, wherewith it hath pleased God to visit him, was become disabled and insufficient to undergo and perform" the duties of Master of the Revels; and it is equallypositivethat Malone would not so circumstantially have said, "Sir George Bucdiedon the 28th of September, 1623," without some good authority for so doing. It is only to be regretted that the learned commentator neglected to give that authority.

Mr. Corser wishes to show that Sir George Buc's days "were further prolonged till 1660;" but I think he is in error as to his conclusions, and thatanotherGeorge Buc must enter the field and divide the honours with his knightly namesake.

It is perfectly clear that a George Buc was living long after the date assigned as that of the death of Sir George, by Malone. This GeorgeBuck, for so he invariably spells his name, contributed a copy of verses to Yorke'sUnion of Honour, 1640; to Shirley'sPoems, 1646; and to the folio edition of Beaumont and Fletcher'sPlays, 1647. Ritson, then, when speaking of Sir George Buc'sGreat Plantagenet, as published in 1635, was rather hasty in pronouncing it as the work of "some fellow who assumed his name," because here is evidence that a person of the same name (if not Sir George himself, as Mr. Corser thinks) was living at the period. The name, ifassumedin the case of theGreat Plantagenet, would hardly have been kept up in the publications just alluded to.

In the British Museum, among the Cotton MSS. (Tiberius, E. X.), is preserved a MS. called "The history of King Richard the Third, comprised in five books, gathered and written by Sir G. Buc, Knight, Master of the King's Office of the Revels, and one of the gentlemen of his Majesty's Privy Chamber." This MS., which appears to have been the author's rough draft, is corrected by interlineations and erasements in every page. It is much injured by fire, but a part of the dedication to Sir Thomas Howard, the Earl of Arundel, &c., still remains, together with "an advertisement to the reader," which is dated "from the King's Office of the Revels, St. Peter's Hill, 1619." Thishistorywas first published in 1646, by George Buck,Esquire, who says, in his dedication to Philip, the Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, "that he hadcollected these papers out of their dust." Here is evidence that the work was notpublishedby the original compiler; besides, how can Mr. Corser reconcile his author's knighthood with the designations on the respective title-pages ofThe Great Plantagenet, andThe History of Richard the Third? In the former the writer is styled "George Buck,Esquire," and in the latter, "George Buck,Gentleman." It is difficult to account for Mr. Corser's omission of these facts, because I am well assured, that, with his extensive knowledge of our earlier poets, my information is not new to him.

That there weretwoGeorge Bucs in the seventeenth century, and both of them poets, cannot, I think, be doubted. Perhaps they were not even relations; at any rate, Mr. Corser's account of the parentage ofonediffers from mine entirely.

"He [Sir George Buc] was born at Ely, the eldest son of Robert Bucke, and Elizabeth, the daughter of Peter Lee of Brandon Ferry; the grandson of Robert Bucke, and Jane, the daughter of Clement Higham; the great-grandson of Sir John Bucke, who, having helped Richard to a horse on Bosworth Field, was attainted for his zeal."—Chalmers'Apology, p. 488.

The MS. now in Mr. Corser's possession occurs in theBibliotheca Heberiana, Part xi. No. 98., and I observe, by referring to that volume, that the compiler has the following note:—

"This MS. is entirely in the handwriting of Sir George Buck, Master of the Revels in the reign of James I., as prepared by him for publication. The initials G. B. correspond with those of his name, and the handwriting is similar to a MS. Dedication of his poem to Lord Chancellor Egerton, which is preserved at Bridgewater House."

The authorship ofThe Famous History of St. George, then, rests solely upon the initials "G. B.," and the similarity of the handwriting to that ofSir George Buc. Now it must be remembered that the MS. dedication was written in 1605, and thehistoryafter 1660! Surely an interval offifty-fiveyears must have made some difference in the penmanship of the worthy Master of the Revels. I think we must receive thecomparisonof handwritings with considerable caution; and, unless some of your readers can produce "new evidence" in favour of one or other of the claimants, I much fear that your reverend correspondent will have to exclaim with Master Ford in the play,—

"Buck.I would I could wash myself of theBuck!"

Edward F. Rimbault.

I am not quite certain that I can satisfactorily answer Mr. Corser's query; but at least I am able to show thataSir George Buck, seised in fee of lands in Lincolnshire, did die in or about 1623. In the Report Office of the Court of Chancery is a Report made to Lord Keeper Williams by Sir Wm. Jones, who had been Lord Chief Justice in Ireland, dated the 10th Nov. 1623, respecting a suit referred to him by the Lord Keeper, in whichStephen Buckwas plaintiff andRobert Buckdefendant. In this report is contained a copy of the will of Sir George Buck, whom I supposed to betheSir George Buck, the master of the Revels; and the will containing a singular clause, disinheriting his brother Robert because he was alleged to be a Jesuit, and it having been supposed that Sir George Buck died intestate, I published an extract from it in myActa Cancellariæ(Benning, 1847). On further examination of the whole of the document in question, I find it distinctly stated, and of course that statement was made on evidence adduced, that Sir George Buck was seised in fee of certain lands and tenements in Boston and Skydbrooke, both of which places, I need scarcely say, are in Lincolnshire. It is therefore, at least, not improbable that the testator was a native of Lincolnshire. It also appears that the proceedings in Chancery were instituted previously to June, 1623; and, inasmuch as Sir George Buck's will is recited in those proceedings, he must have died before they were commenced, and not in September, 1623, as I once supposed. It may, perhaps, aid Mr. Corser's researches to know that the will (which is not to be found at Doctors' Commons) mentions, besides the brother Robert, a sister, Cecilia Buck, who had a son, Stephen, who had a son, George Buck, whom his great uncle, Sir George, made ultimate heir to his lands in Lincolnshire.

Cecil Monro.

Registrars' Office, Court of Chancery.

YourSexagenarianwho dates from "Shooter's Hill," hasnothit the mark when he suggests that Anna Bouleyn's marriage with Henry VIII. (in the teeth of the Church) is the hidden mystery of the popular old song,—

"Sir Frog he would a-wooing go,Whether his mother was willing or no."

"Sir Frog he would a-wooing go,

Whether his mother was willing or no."

That some courtship in the history of the British monarchy, leaving a deep impression on the public mind, gave rise to this generally diffused ballad, is exceedingly probable; but the style and wording of the song are evidently of a period much later than the age of Henry VIII. Might not the madcap adventure of Prince Charles with Buckingham into Spain, towoo the Infanta, be its real origin? "Heigho! for Antony Rowley" is the chorus. Now "Old Rowley" was a pet name for Charles the Second, as any reader of the Waverley Novels must recollect. No event was more likely to be talked about and sung about at the time, the adventurous nature of the trip being peculiarly adapted to the ballad-monger.

Francis Mahony.

"A Frog he would a-wooing go"(Vol. ii., p. 45.)—Your correspondent T. S. D. is certainly right in his notion that the ballad of "A frog he would a-wooing go" is very old, however fanciful may be his conjecture about its personal or political application to Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn. That it could not refer to "the Cavaliers and the Roundheads," another of T. S. D.'s notions, is clear from the fact, that it was entered at Stationers' Hall in November, 1581; as appears by the quotation made by Mr. Payne Collier, in his second volume ofExtracts, printed for the Shakspeare Society last year. It runs thus:—

"Edward White. Lycensed unto him, &c., theis iiij. ballads followinge, that is to saie, A moste strange weddinge of the frogge and the mowse," &c.

Upon this entry Mr. Collier makes this note:

"The ballad can hardly be any other than the still well-known comic song 'A Frog he would a-wooing go.'"

It may have been even older than 1581, when Edward White entered it; for it is possible that it was then only a reprint of an earlier production. I, like Mr. Collier, have heard it sung "in our theatres and streets," and, like T. S. D., always fancied that it was ancient.

The Hermit of Holyport.

Rowley Powley.—As generally inclined to the belief that everything is older than anybody knows of, I am rather startled by "Rowley Powley" not being as old as myself. I remember seeing mentioned somewhere, without any reference to this chorus, thatrowley powleyis a name for a plump fowl, of which both "gammon and spinach" are posthumous connexions. I cannot help thinking that this may be a clue to some prior occurrence of the chorus, with or withoutthe song. If "derry down," which has been said to be druidical, were judged of by the last song it went with, how old would be the Druids?

"A Frog he would a-wooing go."—It may perhaps be interesting to some of your correspondents on the subject of "A frog he would a-wooing go," to know that there exists an Irish version of that woeful tale, which differs in several respects from the ballad which has so long been familiar to English ears. The burthen of "Heigho! says Rowley," does not occur in the Hibernian composition, but a still less intelligible chorus supplies its place. The air is exceedingly quaint, and seems to me to bear the stamp of antiquity. The words are as follow:—

"Misther Frog lived in a well,Heigho! my lanti-iddity!And the merry mouse in the mill,Terry heigho! for lang for liddity!Says Mr. Frog, 'I will go coort,'Heigho, &c.'Saddle me nag and polish me boots!'Terry heigho, &c.Frog cametoLady Mouse's hall,Heigho, &c.Gave a rap and thundering call,Terry heigho, &c.'Whereisthe peopleofthis house?'Heigho, &c.'Here am I,' says my Lady Mouse,Terry heigho, &c.'I've come to court Miss Kitty here,'Heigho, &c.'If that she can fancy me.'Terry heigho, &c.'Uncle Rat is not at home;'Heigho, &c.'He'll give you an answer—I have none,'Terry heigho, &c.Uncle Rat, when he came in,Heigho, &c.'Who's been here since I left home?'Terry heigho, &c.'Misther Frog, a worthy man;'Heigho, &c.'Give him a wife, Sir, if you can,'Terry heigho, &c.'Where shall we make the bride's bed?'Heigho, &c.'Down below, in the Horse's Head.'Terry heigho, &c.'What shall we have for the wedding supper?'Heigho, &c.'A roasted potato and a roll o' butter.'Terry heigho, &c.Supper was laid down to dine,Heigho, &c.Changed a farthing and brought up wine,Terry heigho, &c.First come in was a nimble bee,Heigho, &c.With his fiddle upon his knee,Terry heigho, &c.Next come in was a creeping snail,Heigho, &c.With his bagpipes under his tail,Terry heigho, &c.Next came in was a neighbour's pig,Heigho, &c.'Pray, good people, will ye play us a jig?'Terry heigho, &c.Next come in was a neighbour's hen,Heigho, &c.Took the fiddler by the wing,Terry heigho, &c.Next come in was a neighbour's duck,Heigho, &c.Swallow'd the piper, head and pluck,Terry heigho, &c.Next come in was a neighbour's cat,Heigho, &c.Took the young bride by the back,Terry heigho, &c.Misther Frog jumped down the well,Heigho, &c.'Zounds, I'll never go coort again!'Terry heigho, &c.Uncle Rat run up a wall,Heigho, &c.'Zounds, the divil's among you all!'Terry heigho, &c."

"Misther Frog lived in a well,

Heigho! my lanti-iddity!

And the merry mouse in the mill,

Terry heigho! for lang for liddity!

Says Mr. Frog, 'I will go coort,'

Heigho, &c.

'Saddle me nag and polish me boots!'

Terry heigho, &c.

Frog cametoLady Mouse's hall,

Heigho, &c.

Gave a rap and thundering call,

Terry heigho, &c.

'Whereisthe peopleofthis house?'

Heigho, &c.

'Here am I,' says my Lady Mouse,

Terry heigho, &c.

'I've come to court Miss Kitty here,'

Heigho, &c.

'If that she can fancy me.'

Terry heigho, &c.

'Uncle Rat is not at home;'

Heigho, &c.

'He'll give you an answer—I have none,'

Terry heigho, &c.

Uncle Rat, when he came in,

Heigho, &c.

'Who's been here since I left home?'

Terry heigho, &c.

'Misther Frog, a worthy man;'

Heigho, &c.

'Give him a wife, Sir, if you can,'

Terry heigho, &c.

'Where shall we make the bride's bed?'

Heigho, &c.

'Down below, in the Horse's Head.'

Terry heigho, &c.

'What shall we have for the wedding supper?'

Heigho, &c.

'A roasted potato and a roll o' butter.'

Terry heigho, &c.

Supper was laid down to dine,

Heigho, &c.

Changed a farthing and brought up wine,

Terry heigho, &c.

First come in was a nimble bee,

Heigho, &c.

With his fiddle upon his knee,

Terry heigho, &c.

Next come in was a creeping snail,

Heigho, &c.

With his bagpipes under his tail,

Terry heigho, &c.

Next came in was a neighbour's pig,

Heigho, &c.

'Pray, good people, will ye play us a jig?'

Terry heigho, &c.

Next come in was a neighbour's hen,

Heigho, &c.

Took the fiddler by the wing,

Terry heigho, &c.

Next come in was a neighbour's duck,

Heigho, &c.

Swallow'd the piper, head and pluck,

Terry heigho, &c.

Next come in was a neighbour's cat,

Heigho, &c.

Took the young bride by the back,

Terry heigho, &c.

Misther Frog jumped down the well,

Heigho, &c.

'Zounds, I'll never go coort again!'

Terry heigho, &c.

Uncle Rat run up a wall,

Heigho, &c.

'Zounds, the divil's among you all!'

Terry heigho, &c."

W. A. G.

Carucate of Land(Vol. ii., p. 9.).—The measure of the carucate was as indefinite in Edward III.'s time as at an earlier period. It then, as before, represented as much land as could be worked with one plough in a year. I am fortunately enabled to give your correspondent E.V. a precise answer to his Query. In a MS. survey of the Hospitallers' lands in England, taken under the direction of Prior Philip Thame,A.D.1338, which I transcribed from the original, among the records of the order, I find in the "extent" of the "Camera de Hetherington in comitatu Northampton,"—

"Item. v Carucate terre continentes vcacre terre: pretium cujuslibet, viijd.""Bæjulia de Eycle (i. e.Eagle in Lincolnshire) cum membris.""Et ibidem iiij. carucate terre, que continent vcacras terre et apud le Wodehous iij carucate terre, que continent iijc: pretium acre, vjd."

"Item. v Carucate terre continentes vcacre terre: pretium cujuslibet, viijd."

"Bæjulia de Eycle (i. e.Eagle in Lincolnshire) cum membris."

"Et ibidem iiij. carucate terre, que continent vcacras terre et apud le Wodehous iij carucate terre, que continent iijc: pretium acre, vjd."

Here we have a decided instance of the variation in the number of acres represented by the carucate. I have generally found that the nearest approximation to correctness, where no other evidence is at hand, is to consider the carucate as designating about 100 acres.

L. B. L.

Carucate of Land.—A case in point is given in the 33rd vol. of theArchæologia, p. 271. Thecarucate frequently consisted of eight bovatæ of arable land; but the number of acres appears to have varied not only according to the quality of the soil, but according to the custom of husbandry of the shire: for where a two-years' course, or crop and fallow, was adopted, more land was adjudged to the carucate than where a three-years' course obtained, the land lying fallow not being reckoned or rateable. The object would appear to have been to obtain a carucate of equal value throughout the kingdom.

B. W.

Golden Frog and Sir John Poley(Vol. i., p. 214. and 372.).—Your correspondentGastrossuggests that "to the Low Countries, the land of frogs, we must turn for the solution of this enigma," (Vol. i., p. 372.); accordingly, it appears from the treatise of Bircherodius on the Knights of the Elephant, an order of knighthood in Denmark, conferred upon none but persons of the first quality and merit, that a frog is among the devices adopted by them; and we need not further seek for a reason why thisSymbolum Heroicumwas worn by Sir John Poley, who served much under Christian, king of Denmark (Vol. i., p. 214.), and distinguished himself much by his military achievements in the Low Countries (p. 372.).

T. J.

The Poley Frog.—More than half a century ago, I was present when this singular appendage was the subject of conversation in a large literary party, but being then a schoolboy I made "no note of it." My recollection now is, that after some jokes on the name of Poley as that of a frog, allusion was made to an old court story of King James II. throwing a frog into the neck of William, third Earl of Pembroke. The story, with its consequences, may be found in theTixall Letters, vol. i. p. 5.; Wood'sAthenæ Ox., vol. i. p. 546.; Park'sRoyal and Noble Authors, vol. ii. p. 249.

Old English G

I have never seen a head of any engraving of the portrait of Sir John Poley, of Boxsted Hall, not Bexstead. I believe there is none.

Bands(Vol. ii., p. 23.) are the descendants of the ruff a portion of the ordinary civil costume of the sixteenth century. In the reign of James I., the ruff was occasionally exchanged for a wide stiff collar, standing out horizontally and squarely, made of similar stuff, starched and wired, and sometimes edged like the ruff with lace. These collars were called bands. A good example occurs in the portrait of Shakspeare by Cornelius Jansen, engravings of which are well known. At the end of the seventeenth century these broad-falling bands were succeeded by the small Geneva bands, which have ever since been retained by our clergymen and councillors, but in a contracted form, having been originallybonâ fidecollars, the ends of which hung negligently over the shoulders. (See Planché'sBrit. Costume, pp. 350. 390.) Bands are worn by the ecclesiastics in France and Italy, as well as in England.

In the second number ofPopular Tracts Illustrating the Prayer-Book, p. 3., it is suggested that bands are perhaps the remains of the amice, one of the eucharistic vestments in use previous to the Reformation, which consisted of a square cloth, so put on that one side, which was embroidered, formed a collar round the neck, whilst the rest hung behind like a hood. By analogy with the scarf of our Protestant clergy, which is clearly the stole of the Roman Church retained under a different name, this suggestion is not without some degree of plausibility.

The fact that the present academical costume is derived from the ordinary civil dress of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, sufficiently accounts for the retention of the bands as a part.

Arun.

Surely bands are no part of the peculiar dress of the clergy, &c., but the ordinary dress of the people, retained by certain classes or professions, because they wished for something regular and distinctive. So the wigs of the judges were the fashionable dress 150 years ago. It is curious that the clergy have cut down their bands, while the lawyers still glory in comparatively large and flowing ones. Bands altered greatly in their form. Taylor, the Water Poet, I think, says—

"The eighth Henry, as I understand,Was the first prince that ever wore a band,"

"The eighth Henry, as I understand,

Was the first prince that ever wore a band,"

or, indeed, person of any sort. The date of the same thing in France is mentioned in Vellay, but I forget it now.

C. B.

Bishops and their Precedence(Vol. ii., p. 9.).—It may interest your correspondent E. to refer to a passage in Baker'sChronicle, sub anno 1461, p. 204., which would tend to show that the precedency of the spiritual barons was at that period disputed. That writer says:—

"John Earl of Oxford, with his son Aubrey de Vere, &c., was convicted of treason and beheaded. John Earl of Oxford, in a former parliament, had disputed the question concerning the precedency of Temporal and Spiritual Barons, a bold attempt in those days, and by force of whose argument Judgment was given for theLords Temporal."

Where will this judgment or any account of the dispute be found?

"Imprest" and "Debenture"(Vol. ii., p. 40.).—Imprestis derived from the Italianimprestare, to lend, which isim-præstare, (Fr.prêter).Debentur, orDebenture(Lat.debeo), was originally a Customhouse term, meaning a certificate or ticket presented by an exporter, when a drawback or bounty was allowed on certain exported goods. Hence it seemsto mean a certificate acknowledging a debt, and promising payment at a specified time on the presentation of the certificate. Debentures are thus issued by railway companies when they borrow money, and the certificates for annual interest which accompany them are, so to speak,sub-debentures. Perhaps this may throwsomelight upon the matter.

E. S. Jackson.

Charade(Vol. i., p. 10.).—The charade cited byQuæstoris on my "Notes" as the "Bishop of Salisbury's," and the following answer is said to be by a clergyman:—

"Firm on the Rock of Christ, though lowly sprung,The Church invokes the Spirit's fiery Tongue;Those gracious breathings rouse but to controulThe Storm and Struggle in the Sinner's Soul.Happy! ere long his carnal conflicts cease,And the Storm sinks in faith and gentle peace—Kings own its potent sway, and humbly bowsThe gilded diadem upon their brows—Its saving voice with Mercy speeds to all,But ah! how few who quicken at the call—Gentiles the favour'd 'little Flock' detest,And Abraham's children spit upon their rest.Once only since Creation's work, has nightCurtain'd with dark'ning Clouds its saving light,What time the Ark majestically rode,Unscath'd upon the desolating flood—The Silver weigh'd for it, in all its strengthFor scarce three pounds were counted, while its lengthTraced in the Prophet's view with measur'd reed,Squared just a mile, as Rabbins are agreed—And now I feel entitled well to smile,Since Christ's Church bears the Palm in all our Isle."

"Firm on the Rock of Christ, though lowly sprung,

The Church invokes the Spirit's fiery Tongue;

Those gracious breathings rouse but to controul

The Storm and Struggle in the Sinner's Soul.

Happy! ere long his carnal conflicts cease,

And the Storm sinks in faith and gentle peace—

Kings own its potent sway, and humbly bows

The gilded diadem upon their brows—

Its saving voice with Mercy speeds to all,

But ah! how few who quicken at the call—

Gentiles the favour'd 'little Flock' detest,

And Abraham's children spit upon their rest.

Once only since Creation's work, has night

Curtain'd with dark'ning Clouds its saving light,

What time the Ark majestically rode,

Unscath'd upon the desolating flood—

The Silver weigh'd for it, in all its strength

For scarce three pounds were counted, while its length

Traced in the Prophet's view with measur'd reed,

Squared just a mile, as Rabbins are agreed—

And now I feel entitled well to smile,

Since Christ's Church bears the Palm in all our Isle."

I waited some time to see if any solution would be given of the charade; and I now send you the one in my possession, in default of a better.

Rebecca.

Dutch Language(Vol. i., p. 383.).—E. V. asks what are the bestmodernbooks for acquiring a knowledge of the Dutch language. If E. V. insist uponmodernbooks, he cannot have better than Hendrik Conscience's novels, or Gerrits'sZoon des Volks. I would, however, advise him to get a volume of Jacob Cats'Poems, the language of which is not antiquated, and is idiomatic without being difficult to a beginner.

H. B. C.

"Construe" and "Translate"(Vol ii., p. 22.).—It is very common, I apprehend, in language, for two words, originally of the same meaning, or two spellings of the same word, to be gradually appropriated by usage to two subordinate uses, applications, and meanings of the word respectively, and that merely by accident, as to which of the two is taken for one of the subdivisions, and which for the other. We have made such an appropriation in our own time,—despatch and dispatch.

It may be curious, however, to inquire how far back the distinction mentioned by your correspondent is found.

"Construe," originally, must probably have meant, not to turn from one language into another, but to explain the construction, or what is called by the Greek name syntax, much like what in regard to a single word is called parsing.

C. B.

Dutton Family(Vol. ii., p. 21.).—B. will find theDuttonproviso in the statute 17 Geo. II. explained by reference to Ormerod'sCheshire, vol. i. pp. 36. 477. 484.; Lyson'sCheshire; Blount'sAntient Tenures, 298., &c. An early grant by one of the Lacy family transferred to Hugh de Dutton and his heirs "magistratum omnium leccatorum et meritricum totius Cestriæ." In the fifteenth century the jurisdiction was claimed by the Dutton family, in respect of the lordship or manor of Dutton, and was then confined to a jurisdiction over the minstrels and musicians of the palatinate and city of Chester, who constituted, I presume, a department among theleccatores, or licorish fellows, mentioned above. In virtue of this jurisdiction the lord of Dutton had the advowry or "advocaria" of the minstrels of the district, and annually licensed them at aCourt of Minstrelsy, where the homage consisted of a jury of sworn fiddlers; and certain dues, namely, flagons of wine and a lance or flagstaff, were yearly rendered to the lord. The last court was held in 1756.

As the early Vagrant Acts included "minstrels" in their definition of rogues and vagabonds, it is evident that the suitors of the Minstrelsy Court would have run the risk of commitment to the House of Correction and a whipping, if the acts had not specially excepted the franchise of the Dutton family from their operation. The earliest statutes are 14 Eliz. c. 5.; 39 Eliz. c. 4.; and 43 Eliz. c. 9. Section 27. of the last Act clearly shows that it was the power of licensing minstrels which the proviso of the acts was intended to save. The pedigree of the Dutton family will be found in the volume of Ormerod already cited.

E. S.

June 5. 1850.

"Laus tua, non tua fraus," &c. (Vol. i., p. 416.).—The lines were written by Philelphus on Pope Pius II., as is stated in the book calledLes Bigarrures du Seigneur des Accords, p. 173. of the edit. 1662.

C. B.

In a small work, entitledSpecimens of Macaronic Poetry, 8vo., 1831, the verses quoted by "O." are stated to have been written by some poet (not named) in praise of Pope Clement VI. or Pius II., but of which learned authorities do not agree. It seems the poet was afraid he might not receive such a reward as, according to his own estimate, he deserved, and therefore retained the power of converting his flattery into abuse, by simply givinghis friends the cue to commence from the last word, and begin backwards. The following are other verses of the same sort:—

AD JULIUM III. PONTIFICEM MAXIMUM."Pontifici sua sint Divino Numine tutoCulmina, nec montes hos petat omnipotens."AD CAROLUM V. CAESAREM."Cæsareum tibi sit felici sidere nomen,Carole, nec fatum sit tibi Cæsareum."

AD JULIUM III. PONTIFICEM MAXIMUM."Pontifici sua sint Divino Numine tutoCulmina, nec montes hos petat omnipotens."

AD JULIUM III. PONTIFICEM MAXIMUM.

"Pontifici sua sint Divino Numine tuto

Culmina, nec montes hos petat omnipotens."

AD CAROLUM V. CAESAREM."Cæsareum tibi sit felici sidere nomen,Carole, nec fatum sit tibi Cæsareum."

AD CAROLUM V. CAESAREM.

"Cæsareum tibi sit felici sidere nomen,

Carole, nec fatum sit tibi Cæsareum."

W. G. S.

"O." is referred to a low and scurrilous translation, or rather imitation of the epigrams of Martial and others, purporting to be "by the Rev. Mr. Scott, M.A.," and published in London in 1773.

Therein the lines quoted by "O." are given, accompanied by a sorry attempt at translation; and the epigram is attributed to

"One Cianconius, a Dominican Friar, in honour of Pope Clement the Fourth."

A. E. B.

Leeds.

Mother of Thomas à Becket(Vol. i., pp. 415. 490.).—Thierry, in the 8th vol. of hisHistoire de la Conquête de l'Angleterre par les Normands, quotes as an authority for the account of the Eastern origin of the mother of Thomas à Becket,Vita et Processus S. Thomæ Cantuariensis, seu Quadripartita Historia, cap. ii. fol. 3.

W. G. S.

Medal of Stukeley.—In answer to Mr.Britton'sQueries (Vol. i., p. 122., and Vol. ii., p. 40.), I beg to inform him that the medal of Stukeley was executed soon after that eminent antiquary's death by an artist of the name of Gaal, who was not a die-sinker, but a modeller and chaser. The medal is rare, but not unique: I have one in my own collection, and I have, I think, seen one or two others. They are all cast in a mould and chased.

Edw. Hawkins

June 13. 1850.

Dulcarnon(Vol. i., p. 254.).—HasDulcarnonany reference to the HindostaneeDhoulcarnein, two-horned,—the epithet constantly applied in India to Alexander the Great, or Iskander, as they call him? It seems not a bad word for a dilemma or puzzle.

H. W.

Nottingham.

Practice of Scalping.—Your correspondent T. J. will find in Mr. Layard'sNineveh and its Remains(vol. ii. p. 374.) the following note:—

"The Scythiansscalpedand flayed their enemies, and used their skins as horse trappings."—Herod.iv. 64.

G. R.

Greenock.

Scalping.—Perhaps your correspondent T. J. (Vol. ii., p. 12.) may recollect the allusion to "scalping," in Psalm lxviii. 21.; upon which verse an argument has been based in favour of the supposition, that the aborigines of America are derived from the ten tribes of Israel.

J. Sansom.

Derivation of Penny(Vol. i., pp. 384. 411.).—Akerman'sNumismatic Manual(p. 228.) has, under the head of "Penny," the following remarks:—

"The penny is next in antiquity. It is first mentioned in the laws of Ina. The term has been derived by various writers from almost every European language; but the conjecture of Wachter, as noticed by Lye, seems the most reasonable. This writer derives it from the Celtic wordpen, head; the heads of the Saxon princes being stamped on the earliest pennies. The fact of thetestoonof later times having been so named, certainly adds weight to the opinion of Wachter."

W. G. S.

"By Hook or by Crook" (Vol. i., p. 405.).—The following extract may, perhaps, by multiplying instances, tend to corroborate the supposed origin of the above saying:—

"Not far from them [Peverell's Crosses], in the parish of Egloshayle, is another moonstone [granite] cross near Mount Charles, called the Prior's Cross, on which is cut the figure of ahookand acrook, in memory of the privilege granted by him to the poor of Bodmin, for gathering for fire-boot and house-boot such boughs and branches of such trees in his contiguous wood of Dunmere, as they could reach with ahook and a crookwithout further damage to the trees. From whence arose the Cornish proverb,they will have it by hook or by crook."—Hitchins and Drewe,Hist. Cornwall, p. 214. vol. ii. edit. 1824.

Seleucus.

Burning dead Bodies.—In his remarks on "ashes to ashes,"Cinissays (Vol. i., p.22.) that "the burning of the dead does not appear to be in itself an anti-christian ceremony," &c.: he is mistaken, for the early Christians, like the Jews, never burned their dead, but buried them. The catacombs of Rome and Naples, besides those in other places, were especially used for sepulture; and ifCiniswish for proofs, he will find an abundance in Rock'sHierurgia, t. ii. p. 802., &c.

Cephas.

Etymology of "Barbarian," &c.—Passow, in his Lexicon (ed. Liddell and Scott), s.v.βάρβαρος, observes that the word was originally applied to "all that were not Greeks, or that did not speak Greek. It was used of all defects which the Greeks thought foreign to themselves and natural to other nations: but as the Hellenes and Barbarians were most of allseparated by language, the word had always especial reference to thisγλῶσσα βάρβαρα, Soph. Aj. 1263, &c." He considers the word as probably an onomatopœion, to express the sound of a foreign tongue. (Cf. Gibbon, c. li.; Roth,UeberSinn u. Gebrauch des Wortes Barbar.Nürnberg, 1814.) I am disposed to look for the root in the Hebr.בָּרַר"bârār,"separavit, in its Pilpel form,בַרְבָר"barbâr;" hence, "one who isseparated," "a foreigner." And even though Clel. Voc. 126., n., admits thatpurus, "clean," "separatedfrom dross," originally signifies cleansing by fire,πῦρ, yet both it andfar-farris, "bread-corn," i. e.separatedfrom the husk, andfur-fur, "bran," which isseparatedfrom the flour, may find their origin possibly from the same source.

E. S. T.

Royal and distinguished Disinterments.—It is suggested that a volume of deep and general interest might be very easily formed by collecting and arranging the various notices that have from time to time appeared, of the disinterment of royal and distinguished personages. This hint seems deserving of the attention of Messrs. Nichols.

J. H. M.

The great interest excited by the further discovery in August last, of tesselated pavements at Cirencester induced Professor Buckman and Mr. Newmarch at once to issue proposals for a work, descriptive not only of those beautiful specimens of Roman art, but also of all such other of the numerous remains found in the same locality as they could satisfactorily identify. The result was, such a well-filled Subscription List, and such ready co-operation on the part of those who had collectetd and preserved such objects, as have enabled these Gentlemen to produce, under the title ofIllustrations of the Remains of Roman Art in Cirencester, the Site of Ancient Corinium, a work which will not only gratify the antiquary by its details, and the beauty and fidelity of its engravings, but enable the general reader, without any great exercise of imagination, to picture to himself the social condition of Corinium when garrisoned by Roman cohorts,

"'Ere the wide arch of the ranged Empire fell."

To the grandeur of form, dignity of character, and great breadth of treatment exhibited in these Pavements,—Mr. Westmacott, the Royal Academician, bears his testimony; and the fidelity with which they have been copied in the valuable work before us reflects the highest credit upon all parties engaged in its production.

Messrs. Puttick and Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will sell on Wednesday next an extraordinary Collection of MSS., comprising a cotemporary MS. of Occleve's Poems, Autograph Poetry of Mary Queen of Scots; Legend of St. Molaisse, an Irish MS. of the 11th century, &c., and, among other things, many thousand early Charters, from the time of the Conqueror to the 17th century.

We have received the following Catalogues:—Charles Dolman's (61. New Bond Street) Catalogue of Books in various Languages; Supplement E., comprising many of the works of the Fathers, Ecclesiastical History, &c.; John Petheram's (94. High Holborn) Catalogue, Part CXIII., No. 7. for 1850, of Old and New Books.

(In continuation of Lists in former Nos.)

Aristotle, Buhle's edition, vol. v.

Arnold's Thucydides, vol. i.

Kant's Saemmtliche Werke, edition of Schuberand Rosenkrantz (von Leipsic), Part XI.—Query, Has this eleventh part been published?

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,carriage free, to be sent to Mr.Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Volume the First,Complete with Index, may now be had, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth.The Index,which we publish this day, is, we trust, sufficiently full to satisfy to the utmost the wishes of our Subscribers. We feel that, if called upon at any time to establish the utility ofNotes and Queries,we may confidently point to the Index as a proof that the Literary Inquirer, be his particular branch of Study what it may, will not search in vain in our pages for valable Notes and Illustrations of it.

Just published in 8vo., with a Portrait and Plates, Price 12s., cloth; or, in royal 8vo. (large paper), Price 18s.6d.cloth,

DILSTON HALL; or, Memoirs of the Right Hon. James Radcliff, Earl of Derwentwater, a Martyr in the Rebellion of 1715. To which is added, a visit to Bamburgh Castle; with an Account of Lord Crewe's Charities, and a Memoir of the Noble Founder. Forming the Second Series of Descriptive and Historical Notices of Northumbrian Churches and Castles. ByWilliam Sidney Gibson, Esq., F.S.A., F.G.S., Barrister-at-Law.

London:Longman, Brown, Green,andLongmans.

The following Periodical Works will be published on July 1.

THE IMPERIAL CYCLOPÆDIA OF GEOGRAPHY—THE BRITISH EMPIRE, Part III., Price 2s.6d.

HALF-HOURS WITH THE BEST AUTHORS. Part III., Price 6d.Issued also in Weekly Numbers, Price 1½d.

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THE BARONIAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL ANTIQUITIES OF SCOTLAND. Illustrated byRobert William BillingsandWilliam Burn, Architects. To be completed in Sixty Parts, of which Forty are published; each containing Four large Engravings on Steel, byJ. H. Le Keuxand other Artists, and One or more Woodcuts, with Descriptive Letterpress; Price, in medium quarto, 2s.6d.each.

"The 'Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities' of Mr. Billings is the first work which, either in point of extent or of style, has any claim to be regarded as a collection worthy of the remains yet spared to Scotland."—Quarterly Review.

MEMORIALS OF THE CASTLE OF EDINBURGH. BYJames Grant, Author of "Memoirs of Kirkaldy of Grange", &c. &c. With Twelve Illustrations, engraved on Wood byBranston. In crown octavo, Price 7s.6d.

"Of the different books of this nature that have fallen in our way, we do not remember one that has equalled Mr. Grant's 'Memorials of the Castle of Edinburgh.'"—The Spectator.

MEMOIRS AND ADVENTURES OF SIR WILLIAM KIRKALDY OF GRANGE, Knight, Commander of French Horse, Lord of the Secret Council, and Governor of the Castle of Edinburgh for Mary Queen of Scots. In One Vol., post octavo, Price 10s.6d.

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LAYS OF THE SCOTTISH CAVALIERS, AND OTHER POEMS. ByWilliam Edmonstoune Aytoun, Professor of Rhetoric in the University of Edinburgh. Third Edition. With an APPENDIX, containing Examination of Statements inMacaulay's"History of England," relative toGrahameof Claverhouse. In fcp. octavo, Price 9s.

"Finer ballads than these, we are bold to say, are not to be found in the language."—The Times."A volume of verse which shows that Scotland has yet a poet. Full of the true fire, it now stirs and swells like a trumpet note—now sinks in cadences sad and wild as the wail of a Highland dirge."—Quarterly Review.

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A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, and GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, exemplified by upwards of Eighteen Hundred Illustrations drawn from the best Examples, and Engraved on Wood byJewittand other eminent Artists.

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Now ready, Fourth Edition, with upwards of 100 Plates and Woodcuts, 2 vols. 8vo., 36s.

NINEVEH AND ITS REMAINS: being a Narrative of Researches and Discoveries amidst the Ruins of Assyria. With an Account of the Chaldean Christians of Kurdistan; the Yezidis, or Devil-worshippers; and an Enquiry into the Manners and Arts of the Ancient Assyrians. ByAusten H. Layard, D.C.L.

"This is, we think, the most extraordinary work of the present age, whether with reference to the wonderful discoveries it describes, its remarkable verification of our early biblical history, or the talent, courage, and perseverance of its author. We have had our Bruces and Mungo Parks, as well as our Parrys, Franklins, Backs, and Rosses, but we question whether a more enlightened or a more enterprising traveller than Mr. Layard is to be met with in the annals of our modern English history."—From theTimes.

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ALDHELMI OPERA. 8vo., 10s.6d., Reduced to 6s.Aldhelm was the first Bishop of Sherborne, 705-709.

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Printed byThomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published byGeorge Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, June 29, 1850.

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