REPLIES.

"Arthur, whose giddy son leglects the laws."

on which Warburton notes—

"Arthur Moore, Esq."

Who wasArthur Moore, Esq.? and who was the "giddy son?" Was the latterJames Moore Smitha gentleman whose family name was, I think,Moore, and who assumed (perhaps for a fortune) the additional name ofSmith? This gentleman Pope seems to call indiscriminatelyMoore,Moor, andMore: and when he says that his good nature towards the dunces was so great that he had even "rhymed for Moor" (Ib.v. 373.), I cannot but suspect that the Moorforwhom he hadrhymed, was thegiddy sonwhomArthuraccused him of seducing from the law to the Muses. There are many allusions to this Mr. James Moore Smith throughout Pope's satirical works, but all very obscure; and Warburton, though he appears to have known him, affords no explanation as to who or what he was. He was the author of a comedy calledThe Rival Modes.

Dr. E. Cleaver, Bishop of Cork.—I shall feel much obliged to any of your correspondents who will furnish me with the particulars of the consecration of Dr. Euseby Cleaver to the sees of Cork and Ross, in March, April, or May, 1789. Finding no record of the transaction in the Diocesan Registry of Cork, and not being able to trace it in any other part ofIreland, I am induced to believe that this consecration may have taken place inEngland; and shall be very glad to be correctly informed upon the point.

H. COTTON.

Thurles, Ireland.

Gwynn's London and Westminster.—Mr. Thomas Frederick Hunt, in hisExemplars of Tudor Architecture, 4to. London, 1830, in a note at p. 23., alludes toLondon and Westminster improved, by John Gywnn, London, 1766, 4to., and has this remark:

"It is a singular fact, that in this work John Gwynn pointed out almost all the designs for the improvement of London, which have beendevisedby the civil and military architects of the present day."

And Mr. Hunt concludes by observing,, that—

"This discovery was made by theLiterary Gazette."

Will you permit me, through the medium of your useful publication, to solicit information of the number and date of theLiterary Gazettewhich recalled public attention to this very remarkable fact?

§N.

Coronet.—In Newbold Church, in the county of Warwick, is a monument to the memory of Thomas Boughton of Lawford, and Elizabeth his wife, representing him in a suit of armour, with sword and spurs,a coronet on his head, and a bear at his feet, chained and muzzled. Query.—Can any of your readers give an accurate description of this coronet? Or can any of them mention instances of the monuments of esquires having similar coronets? The date of his death is not given: his wife died in the year 1454.

Cinderella.—Referring to Vol. ii., p. 214., allow me to ask in what edition of Perrault'sFairy Talesthe misprint ofverrefromvairfirst occurs? what is the date of their first publication, as well as that of the translation under the title ofMother Goose's Tales? whether Perrault was the originator ofCinderella, or from what source he drew the tale?what, moreover, is the authority for identifyingsablewithvairfor the employment of either in designating the highest rank of princesses?

SANDVICENSIS.

Judas' Bell, Judas' Candle(Vol. i., pp. 195. 235. 357.).—Some time since I asked the meaning of a Judas' Bell, and your learned correspondent CEPHAS replied that it was only a bell so christened after St. Jude, the apostle. However, it may have been connected with the Judas' tapers, which, according, to the subjoined entries, were used with the Paschal candle at Easter. May I trust to his kindness to explain its purport?

"Reading Parish Accompts."1499. Itm. payed for making leng' Mr. Smyth's molde wt. a Judas for the Pascall—vJd.""St. Giles' Parish Accompts."A.D. 1514. Paid for making a Judas for Pascall iiijd.""Churchwardens' Accompts of S. Martin, Outwich."1510. Paid to Randolf Merchaunt Wex Chandiler for the Pascall, the tapers affore the Rode, the Cross Candelles, and Judas Candelles—viiijs. iiijd.""St. Margaret's, Westminster."1524. Item payed for xij. Judacis to stand with the tapers—O ijd. O"

"Reading Parish Accompts.

"1499. Itm. payed for making leng' Mr. Smyth's molde wt. a Judas for the Pascall—vJd."

"St. Giles' Parish Accompts.

"A.D. 1514. Paid for making a Judas for Pascall iiijd."

"Churchwardens' Accompts of S. Martin, Outwich.

"1510. Paid to Randolf Merchaunt Wex Chandiler for the Pascall, the tapers affore the Rode, the Cross Candelles, and Judas Candelles—viiijs. iiijd."

"St. Margaret's, Westminster.

"1524. Item payed for xij. Judacis to stand with the tapers—O ijd. O"

MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A., Oxon.

Dozen of Bread; Baker's Dozen.—In theChronicle of Queen Jane, and of Two Years of Queen Mary, lately printed for the Camden Society (Appendix iv. p. 112.), it is stated that, amongst other particulars in the accounts of the Chamberlain of Colchester, at which place Mary was entertained on her way to London, there is:—"For xxxviii.dozen of bread, xxxixs." In the language of the county from which I write, "a dozen of bread" was (and I believe is yet) used to express either one loaf, value twelvepence or two loaves, value sixpence each: and even when the sizes and price of the loaves varied, it was used to express the larger loaf, or the two smaller loaves. A dozen of bread was also divided into six twopenny, or twelve penny loaves.

But in the quotation above, thirty-eight dozen of bread are charged thirty-nine shillings; whereas the extra one shilling, cannot be divided into aliquot parts, so as to express the value of each of the thirty-eight dozen of bread.

What was a dozen of bread in 1553?

What is abaker's dozen, and why so called?

P.H.F.

Kongs skuggsia.—Is anything, precise known of the date and origin of the Icelandic Kongs skuggsia.

F.Q.

Coins of Gandophares.—Coins of Gandophares, an Indian prince, are described by Prinsep,Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, and in Wilson'sAsiana. The name is met with in the legends of St. Thomas can it be found elsewhere?

F.Q.

Satirical Medals.—Is any printed account to be found of a very elaborately executed series of caricature medals relating to the revolution of 1688?

F.Q.

The work entitledThe Adventures of Sig. Gaudentio di Luccawas published at London in 1737, in 1 vol. 8vo. It purports to be a translation from the Italian, by E.T. Gent but this is a mere fiction. The work is evidently an English composition. It belongs to the class ofVoyages Imaginaires, and its main object is to describe the institutions and manners of the Mezoranians, an Utopian community, supposed to exist in the centre of Africa. Sig. Gaudentio is able, by an accident, to visit this people, by the way of Egypt, and to return to Europe; he resides at Bologna, where he falls under the suspicion of the Inquisition, and having been brought before that tribunal, he describes his former life, and his adventures in the country of the Mezoranians.

A second London edition of this work, of the date of 1748, is mentioned in theGentleman's Magazinefor Jan. 1777. There is an edition in 12mo., printed at Edinburgh, 1761. And there is another London edition, in 8vo., of the year 1786. Copies of the editions of 1737 and 1786 are in the British Museum.

There are two French translations of the work. One is of the date 1746, under the title ofMémoires de Gaudentio di Lucca. The second, of 1754, by M. Dupuy Demportes, speaks of the first having been made by an Englishman namedMilts; but the person and name appear to be fictitious. The first translation is said by Barbier,Dict. des Anonymes, No. 11,409, to have been revised by the Chevalier de Saint Germain, who made additions to it of his own invention. The second translation is reprinted in the collection ofVoyages Imaginaires, Amsterdam et Paris, 1787, tom. vi.

An anonymous writer in theGent. Mag.for Jan. 1777, vol. xlvii., p. 13., speaking of Bishop Berkeley, says that "theAdventures of Signor Gaudentio di Luccahave been generally attributed to him." The writer of the note added to theLife of Berkeleyin Kippis'sBiogr. Brit., 1780, vol. ii. p. 261., quotes this statement, and adds that the work is ascribed to him by the booksellers in their printed catalogues. This writer thinks that the authorship of Bp. Berkeley is consistent with the internal evidence of the book but he furnishes no positive testimony on the subject.

In a letter from Mr. J.C. Walker to Mr. Pinkerton, of 19 Jan., 1799 (published in Pinkerton'sLiterary Correspondence, vol. ii., p. 41.), Lord Charlemont is referred to as believing that Gaudentio di Lucca is founded in fact; that Bishop Berkeley, when he was at Cairo, conversed with persons who had attended a caravan, and that he learned from them what he narrated in the account of Gaudentio. This passage is cited in Southey'sCommon-place Book, p. 204; but the work is manifestly fictitious, and it does not appear that Berkeley, though he twice visited the Continent, was ever out of Europe.

The date of the publication of Gaudentio is quite consistent with the authorship of Berkeley, who died in 1753; but the notice in theGentleman's Magazineonly proves the existence of a rumour to that effect; and the authenticLife of Berkeley, by Dr. Stock, chiefly drawn up from materials communicated by Dr. R. Berkeley, brother to the Bishop, and prefixed to the collected edition of his work (2 vols. 4to. Lond., 1784), makes no allusion to Gaudentio. There is nothing in the contents of this work which renders it likely that the authorship should have been carefully concealed by Bp. Berkeley and his family, if he had really been the author. The literary execution of Gaudentio is good; and it is probable that the speculative character of the work, and the fact that Berkeley had visited Italy, suggested the idea that he had composed it. The belief that Bishop Berkeley was the author ofGaudentio di Luccamay therefore be considered as unauthorised.

The copy of the edition ofGaudentioof 1786, which is preserved in the British Museum, contains in the title-page the following note, in pencil:

"Written originally in English by Dr. Swale of Huntingdon. SeeGent. Mag.1786."

TheGentleman's Magazinefor 1786 does not, however, contain any information about the authorship ofGaudentio; and the name of Dr. Swale appears to be unknown in literary history. At the same time, a positive entry of this sort, with respect to an obscure person, doubtless had some foundation. On the authority of this note, Dr. Swale is registered as the author of Gaudentio in the printed catalogue of the British Museum Library, whence it has passed into Watt'sBibl. Brit.Perhaps some of your correspondents, who are connected with Huntingdon, may be able to throw some light on Dr. Swale.

Lastly, it should be added, that the writer of the article "Berkeley," in theBiographic Universelle, adverts to the fact thatGaudentio di Luccahas been attributed to him: he proceeds, however, to say that—

"The author of a Life of Berkeley affirms that Berkeley is not the author of that book, which he supposes to have been written by a Catholic priest imprisoned in the Tower of London."

I have been unable to trace the origin of this statement; nor do I know what is theLife of Berkeley, to which the writer in theBiogr. Univ.refers. The Life published under the direction of his family makes no allusion to Gaudentio, or to the belief that it was composed by Bishop Berkeley.

TheEncyclopédie Méthodique, div. "Econ. pol. et dipl." (Paris, 1784), tom. I. p. 89., mentions the following work:—

"La République des Philosophes, ou l'Histoire des Ajaoiens, relation d'un voyage du Chevalier S. van Doelvett en Orient en l'an 1674, qui contient la description du Gouvernement, de la Religion, et des Moeurs des Ajaoiens."

It is stated that this romance, though composed a century before, had only been lately published. The editor attributed it to Fontenelle, but (as the writer in theEncycl. Méth.thinks) probably without reason. The title of Berkeley to the authorship of Gaudentio has doubtless no better foundation.

[Dunlop,Hist. Fiction, iii. 491., speaks of this romance as "generally, and I believe on good grounds, supposed to be the work of the celebrated Berkeley;" adding, "we are told, in the life of this celebrated man, that Plato was his favourite author: and, indeed, of all English writers Berkeley has most successfully imitated the style and manner of that philosopher. It is not impossible, therefore, that the fanciful republic of the Grecian sage may have led Berkeley to writeGaudentio di Lucca, of which the principal object apparently is to describe a faultless and patriarchal form of governnent." The subject is a very curious one, and invites the further inquiry of our valued correspondent.—ED.]

I was indebted to MR. SINGER for one of the best emendations in the edition of Shakspeare I superintended (vol. vi. p. 559.), and I have too much respect for his sagacity and learning to pass, without observation, his remarks in "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. ii., p. 259.), on the conclusion of the speech of Ferdinand, in "The Tempest," Act iii., Sc. 1.:—

"But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours;Most busy, least when I do it."

"But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours;

Most busy, least when I do it."

This is the way in which I ventured to print the passage, depending mainly upon the old copies. In the folio, 1623, where the play for the first time appeared, the last line stands:

"Most busie lest, when I doe it;"

and in that of 1632,

"Most busie least, when I doe it:"

so that the whole merit I claim that of altering the place of a comma, thereby, as I apprehend, rendering the meaning of the poet evident. The principle upon which I proceeded throughout was that of making as little variation as possible from the ancient authorities: upon that principle I acted in the instance in question, and I frequently found that this was the surest mode of removing difficulties. I could not easily adduce a stronger proof of this position, than the six words on which the doubt at this time has been raised.

Theobald made an important change in the old text, and his reading has been that generally adopted:—

"Most busy-less when I do it."

In restoring the old text I had, therefore, to contend with prepossession, against which, it seems, the Rev. Mr. Dyce was not proof, although I only know it from MR. SINGER'S letter, never having looked into the book in which I suppose, the opinion is advanced.

One reason why I should reject the substitution of "busy-less," even if I had not a better mode of overcoming the difficulty, is properly adverted to by MR. SINGER, viz. that the word was not in use in the time of Shakspeare. The only authority for it, at any period, quoted in Todd's Johnson, is this very (as I contend) corrupted passage in the Tempest; I have not met with it at all in any of the older dictionaries I have been able to consult; and unless the Rev. Mr. Dyce have been more fortunate, he was a little short-sighted, as well as a little angry, when he wrote his note upon mine. Had he taken more time to reflect, he might have found that after all Theobald and I are not so much at odds, although he arrives at his end by varying from, and I at mine by adhering to, the ancient authorities. In fact, I gain some confirmation of what, I believe, is the true meaning of Shakspeare, out of the very corruption Theobald introduced, and the Rev. Mr. Dyce, to my surprise, supports. I should have expected him to be the very last man who would advocate an abandonment of what has been handed down to us in every old edition of the play.

The key of the whole speech of Ferdinand is contained in its very outset:—

"There be some sports are painful, and their labourDelight in them sets off;"

"There be some sports are painful, and their labour

Delight in them sets off;"

and the poet has said nearly the same thing in "Macbeth:"

"The labour we delight in physics pain."

It is because Ferdinand delights in the labour that he does not feel it irksome:

"This my mean taskWould be as heavy to me as odious; butThe mistress which I serve quickens what's dead,And makes my labours pleasure."

"This my mean task

Would be as heavy to me as odious; but

The mistress which I serve quickens what's dead,

And makes my labours pleasure."

He, therefore, tells us, at the close, that his labours are refreshed by the sweet thoughts of her; that, in fact, his toil is no toil, and that when he is "most busy" he "least does it," and suffers least under it. The delight he takes in his "mean task" renders it none.

Such I take to be the clear meaning of the poet, though somewhat obscurely and paradoxically expressed—

"Most busy, least when I do it;"

and when Theobald proposed to substitute

"Most busy-less when I do it,"

he saw, though perhaps not quite distinctly, that such was the poet's intention, only, as I have said above, he arrived at it by altering, and I by adhering to, the poet's language. I may be allowed to add that I came to my conclusion many years before I was asked to put my name to an edition of Shakspeare, which interrupted one of the most valuable friendships I ever formed.

MR. SINGER will see at once that my interpretation (which I consider quite consistent with the character of Shakspeare's mind, as well as quite consistent with the expressions he has used throughout the speech of the hero), steers clear of his proposal to alter "busie lest," or "busie least," of the folios of 1623 and 1632, tobusyestorbusiest; although everybody at all acquainted with our old language will agree with him in thinking, that if Shakspeare had used "busiest" at all, which he does not in any of his productions, he might have saidmost busiestwithout a violation of the constant practice of his day.

J. PAYNE COLLIER.

September 24. 1850.

Perhaps the HERMIT of HOLYPORT will be satisfied with proofs from GRAY himself as to the time and manner of the first appearance of theElegy.

GRAY thus writes to Dr. Wharton, under the date of "Dec. 17, 1750." [I quote Mason's "Life" of its Author, p. 216.]

"The stanzas" [which he afterwards calledElegyat the suggestion of Mason] "which I now enclose to you have had the misfortune, byMr.[Horace]Walpole's fault, to be made still more public," &c.

The next letter in Mason's publication is a letter from "Mr. Gray to Mr. Walpole" (p. 217.), and is dated "Cambridge, Feb.11, 1751," which runs thus:—

"As you have brought me into a little sort of distress, you must assist me, I believe, to get out of it as well as I can. Yesterday I had the misfortune of receiving a letter from certain gentlemen (as their bookseller expresses it) who have taken the Magazine of Magazines into their hands: they tell me that aningeniouspoem, called 'Reflections in a Country Church-yard,' has been communicated to them, which they are printing forthwith; that they are informed that theexcellentauthor of it is I by name, and that they beg not only hisindulgence, but thehonourof his correspondence, &c.... I therefore am obliged to desire you would make Dodsley print it immediatelyfrom your copy, but without my name, &c. He must correct the press himself ... and the title must be 'Elegy written in a Country Church-yard.' If he would add a line or two to say it came into his hand by accident, I should like it better ... If Dodsley do not do this immediately, he may as well let it alone."

Dr. Johnson (Life of Gray) says:

"His next production, 1750, was his far-famedElegy," &c.

The Doctor adds:

"Several of his [Gray's] pieces were published, 1753, with designs by Mr. Bentley, and that they might in some form or other make a book, only one side of each leaf was printed. I believe the poems and the plates recommended each other so well, that the whole impression was soon bought."

It containssixpoems, one being theElegy. I have before me a copy of this collection, which is folio. The plates are clever, and very curious; a copy was sold at the Fonthill sale for 3l.4s.! The copy, admirably bound, which I quote, was bought at a bookseller's front-window stall for 4s.The title of this collection is "Designs by Mr.R. BENTLEY,for six poems by Mr.J. GRAY."

According to the title-page, it was "printed for R. DODSLEY, in Pall Mall, MDCCLIII.," two years previously to the date to which your correspondent refers. This (1753) collection gives the line,—

"Save where the beetle wheels hisdroningflight."

In theElegant Extracts(verse), ed. 1805, which, it must be needless to mention, was prepared by the able and indefatigable Dr. Vicesimus Knox, the accomplished scholar gives the line—

"Save where the beetle wheels hisdronyflight."

Dr. Johnson'sDictionarydoes not insert the word "droning" or "drony;" but among his Illustrations attached to the verb "to drone," there are two from Dryden, each, it may be seen, using the word "droning." There is no quotation containing the word "drony." Gray's language is:

"Save where the beetle wheels hisdroningflight,And drowsytinklingslull the distant folds."

"Save where the beetle wheels hisdroningflight,

And drowsytinklingslull the distant folds."

Johnson's second quotation from Dryden may be worth repeating, as showing that Gray's language is not wholly different from his predecessor's:—

"Melfoil and honeysuckles pound,With these alluring savours strew the ground,And mix withtinklingbrass the cymbal'sdroningsound."

"Melfoil and honeysuckles pound,

With these alluring savours strew the ground,

And mix withtinklingbrass the cymbal'sdroningsound."

It is perhaps hardly worth noticing, that there is not uniformity even in the title. Johnson calls it,Elegy in the Church-yard; Dodsley (1753) styles it,Elegy written in a Country Church-yard.

A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.

Gray's Elegy(Vol. ii., p. 264.).—The HERMIT OF HOLYPORT is referred to the 4to. edit. of theWorks of Gray, by Thos. Jas. Mathias, in which, vol. i. at the end of the Elegy, in print, he will find "From the original in the handwriting of Thos. Gray:

"'Save where the beetle wheels hisdroningflight.'"

From the autograph the Elegy appears to have been written in 1750; and the margin states, published in Feb. 1751, by Dodsley, and went through four editions in two months; and afterwards a fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth, ninth and tenth, and eleventh; printed also in 1753, with Mr. Bentley's designs, of which there is a second edition; and again by Dodsley in hisMiscellany, vol. iv.; and in a Scotch collection, called theUnion. Translated into Latin by Chr. Anstey, Esq., and the Rev. Mr. Roberts, and published in 1762; and again in the same year by Rob. Lloyd, M.A. The original MS. of the above will be found among the MSS. of Thos. Gray, in the possession of the Masters and Fellows of Pembroke House, Cambridge.

W.S.

Richmond, Sept 21. 1850

Arun is not right, in reference to this Query, in saying that the precedence of bishops over the temporal barons is regulated by the statute of 31 Hen. VIII. The precedence of bishops over the temporal lords is not regulated by the Act of 31 Hen. VIII. for placing the lords. They may have originally been summoned to sit in parliament in right of their succession to certain baronial lands annexed to, or supposed to be annexed to their episcopal sees; but as some of the temporal peers were also summoned in right of lands held of the kingper baroniam, that is not a satisfactory reason why they should take precedence of temporal barons.

The precedency must have been regulated by some other laws, rules, or usage than are presented by the Act of 31 Hen. VIII. The Archbishop of Canterbury precedes the Lord Chancellor; the Archbishop of York the Lord President of the Council and the Lord Privy Seal; and all bishops precede barons. This precedency, however, is not given by thestatute. The Act provides only, in reference to the spiritual peers, that the Vicegerent for good and due ministration of justice, to be had in all causes and cases touching the ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and for the godly reformation and redress of all errors, heresies, and abuses in theChurch (and all other persons having grant of the said office), shall sit and be placed in all parliaments on theright sideof the parliament chamber, and upon the same form that the Archbishop of Canterbury sitteth on, and above the same archbishop and his successors; and next to the said Vicegerent shall sit the Archbishop of Canterbury; and then, next to him, on the same form and side, shall sit the Archbishop of York; and next to him, on the same form and side, the Bishop of London; and next to him, on the same side and form, the Bishop of Durham; and next to him, on the same side and form, the Bishop of Winchester; and then all the other bishops of both provinces of Canterbury and York shall sit and be placed on the same side, after their ancienties, as it hath been accustomed.

There is nothing here to show in what order they are to rank among the great officers, or other temporal peers; nor is the precedency given to the Lord Chancellor over the Archbishop of York.

By the Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland, the archbishops of that kingdom have rank immediately after the Archbishop of York, and therefore before the great officers (excepting only the Lord Chancellor), as well as above dukes; and the Irish bishops immediately after those of England.

It may be rightly stated that the high spiritual rank of the bishops is a reason for giving them precedence over the temporal lords sitting as barons; but has thatreasonbeen assigned by any writer of authority, or even any writer upon precedence?—the Query suggested by E. (Vol. ii., p. 9.) Lord Coke does not assign that reason, but says, because they hold their bishopricks of the kingper baroniam. But the holdingper baroniam, as before observed, would equally apply to the temporal lords holding lands by similar tenures, and sitting by writ, and receiving summons in ancient times in virtue of such their tenure.

The precedence of bishops over barons was clearlydisputedin the reign of King Henry VI., when Baker says in hisChronicle(p. 204.),judgmentwas given for thelords temporal; but where the judgment, or any account of the dispute for precedence, is to be found I cannot say. That is what your correspondent G. inquired for (Vol. ii., p. 76.).

C.G.

Your correspondent ARUN (Vol. ii., p. 254.) states, on the authority of Stephen'sBlackstone, that—

"Bishops are temporal barons, and sit in the House of Peers in right of succession to certain ancient baronies annexed or supposed to be annexed to their episcopal lands."

This position, though supported by Lord Coke in more places than one (seeCoke upon Littleton, 134.a, b; 3Inst.30.; 4Inst.44.), and adopted by most other legal text-writers on his authority, cannot, it is conceived, be supported. It seems to be clearly ascertained that bishops sat in the great councils of this and other kingdoms notratione baroniarumbutjure ecclesiarum, by custom, long before the tenureper baroniamwas known. In the preambles to the laws of Ina (Wilkins'Leges Ang.-Sax.f. 14.), of Athelstan (ib.54.), of Edmund (ib.72.), the bishops are mentioned along with others of the great council, whilst the tenureper baroniamwas not known until after the Conquest. The truth seems to be that

"The bishops of the Conqueror's age were entitled to sit in his councils by the general custom of Europe and by the common law of England, which the conquest did not overturn."—Hallam'sMid. Ag.137-8, 9th ed.

Can any of your readers throw any light on the much disputed tenureper baroniam? What was its essential character, what its incidents, and in what way did it differ from the ordinary tenurein capite?

BARO.

Leicester and the reputed Poisoners of his Time(Vol. ii., pp. 9. 92.).—This subject receives interesting illustration in theMemoirs of Gervas Holles, who at some length describes the seduction of the Lady Sheffield, by Leicester, at Belvoir Castle, while attending the Queen on her Progress. A letter from the Earl to the lady of his love, contained the suspicious intimation—

"That he had not been unmindful in removing that obstaclewhich hindered the full fruition of their contentments; that he had endeavoured one expedient already which had failed, but he would lay another which he doubted not would hit more sure."

This letter the Lady Sheffield accidentally dropped from her pocket; and being picked up and given to the Lord Sheffield by his sister Holles, he read it with anger and amazement. That night he parted beds, and the next day houses; meditating in what manner he might take honourable and just revenge. Having resolved, he posted up to London to effect it; but the discovery had preceded him to the knowledge of Leicester, who finding a necessity to be quick, bribed an Italian physician ("whose name," says Holles, "I have forgotten") in whom Lord Sheffield had great confidence, to poison him, which was immediately effected after his arrival in London. Leicester, after cohabiting with the Lady Sheffield for some time, married the widow of the Earl of Essex, who, it is thought, says Holles, "served him in his own kind, every way."

In the suit afterwards instituted by Sir Robert Dudley, with the view of establishing his legitimacy, the Lady Sheffield was examined, and sworeto a private marriage with the Earl of Leicester, but that she had been prevailed on, by threats and pecuniary largesses, to deny the marriage, as Queen Elizabeth was desirous that Lord Leicester should marry the widow of the Earl of Essex.

One curious circumstance arises out of the revival of these dark doings. Are the particular drugs employed by Leicester's Italian physician "in removing obstacles" now known and in operation? By a remarkable coincidence, in a case of supposed poisoning at Cheltenham, some time since, the intended victim escaped with the loss of his hair and his nails.

H.K.S.C.

What is the correct Prefix of Mayors?(Vol. i., p. 380.)—In Leicester the usage has always been to designate the chief magistrate "The worshipful the Mayor," which, I believe, is the style used inboroughs. Incities, and placesspecially privileged, "Right worshipful" are the terms employed.

JAYTEE.

Marks of Cadency(Vol. ii., p. 248.).—The label of the Prince of Wales has, from the time of Edward III. up to the present time, been of three points argent, andnotcharged.

F.E.

Although we do not usually record in our columns the losses which literature sustains from time to time, we cannot permit the death of Thomas Amyot, the learned Director of the Camden Society, and for so many years the Treasurer of the Society of Antiquaries, to pass without rendering our grateful tribute to the memory of one of the most intelligent and kindest-hearted men that ever breathed; from whom we, in common with so many others, when entering on our literary career, received the most friendly assistance, and the most encouraging sympathy.

Every fifty years commences a discussion of the great question when the current century, or half century, properly begins. We have just seen this in the numerous Queries, Answers, Replies, and Rejoinders upon the subject which have appeared in the columns of the daily and weekly press; the only regular treatise being the essay uponAncient and Modern Usage in Reckoning, by professor De Morgan, in theCompanion to the Almanackfor the present year. This Essay is opposed to the idea of a "zero year," and one of the advocates of that system of computation has, therefore, undertaken a defence of the zero principle, which he pronounces, "when properly understood, is undoubtedly the most correct basis of reckoning," in a small volume entitled,An Examination of the Century Question, and in which he maintains the point for which he is contending with considerable learning and ingenuity. All who are interested in the question at issue, will be at once amused and instructed by it.

Mr. Charles Knight announces a new edition of hisPictorial Shakespeareunder the title of the National Edition; to contain the whole of the Notes, Illustrations, &c., thoroughly revised; and which, while it will be printed in a clear and beautiful type across the page, and not in double columns, will have the advantage of being much cheaper than the edition which he originally put forth.

The Declaration of the Fathers of the Councell of Trent concerning the going into Churches at such Times as Hereticall Service is said or Heresy preached, &c., is a reprint of a very rare tract, which possesses some present interest, as it bears upon the statement which has been of late years much insisted on by Mr. Perceval and other Anglican controversialists, that for the first twelve years of Elizabeth's reign, and until Pius V.'s celebrated Bull,Regnans in Excelsis, the Roman Catholics of England were in the habit of frequenting the Reformed worship.

We have received the following Catalogues:—W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Sixty-first Catalogue of English and Foreign Second-hand Books; W.D. Reeve's (98. Chancery Lane) Catalogue No. 13. of Cheap Books, many Rare and Curious; R. Kimpton's (31. Wardour Street, Soho) Catalogue No. 29. of Second-hand Books in good Condition at very reduced Prices.

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY POLL-BOOKS FOR 1780, 1784, 1790, and 1829.

OXFORD UNIVERSITY POLL-BOOKS for 1750, 1768, 1806.

BEN JONSON by CLIFFORD. 8vo. Vols. II., III., and IV.

Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,carriage free, to be sent to Mr. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

VOLUME THE FIRST OF NOTES AND QUERIES,with Title-page and very copious Index, is now ready, price 9s. 6d., bound in cloth, and may be had, by order, of all Booksellers and Newsmen.

We are unavoidably compelled to postpone numerous NOTES, QUERIES, AND REPLIES: indeed we see no way of clearing off our accumulation of REPLIES without the publication of an extra Number, to be devoted exclusively to the numerous Answers which we now have waiting for insertion.

GUTCH'S Literary and Scientific Regsiter and Almanack,advertised in our last No., is for1851not1850.

Mr. G.B. RICHARDSONwould oblige us by forwarding the additional verses of"Long Lonkin"for our correspondentSELEUCUS.

A CONSTANT SUBSCRIBERwill find the line,

"Music hath charms to soothe the savage breast,"

in Congreve'sMourning Bride.

JANUS DOUSA.In our next No.

MEDICUS,who inquires respecting the origin of the proverbial saying, "Quem Deus vult perdere," is referred to our First Volume, pp. 347. 351. 421. and 476.The original line reads "Quem Jupiter vult," and is Barnes' translation of a fragment ofEuripides.

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXIV., is published THIS DAY.

CONTENTS:I. TICKNOR'S HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE.II. CHURCH AND EDUCATION IN WALES.III. FORMS OF SALUTATION.IV. SIBERIA AND CALIFORNIA.V. MURE ON THE LITERATURE OF GREECE.VI. METROPOLITAN WATER SUPPLY.VII. ANECDOTES OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.VIII. COCHRANES'S YOUNG ITALY.IX. LAST DAY OF LOUIS-PHILIPPE.JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

Will be published on the 1st of November, 1850, with the other Almanacks,

THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC REGISTER AND ALMANACK for 1851. Price 3s.6d.

Dedicated by especial permission to H.R.H. Prince Albert, by J.W.G. GUTCH, M.R.C.S.L., F.L.S.;

Containing a condensed mass of scientific and useful information alike valuable to the student and man of science.

Tenth Yearly issue.

Published by D. BOGUE, Fleet Street, London

Shortly will be Published.

THE ARCHITECTURAL QUARTERLY REVIEW. A Literary Periodical devoted to Works appertaining to the Art and Science of Architecture. Prospectuses may be obtained from the Publisher. Letters for the Editor, and books, drawings, models, and specimens, to be addressed to the care of the Publisher.

GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

Royal 4to., cloth, price 2l.2s.

EXAMPLES OF ANCIENT PULPITS EXISTING IN ENGLAND. Selected and drawn from Sketches and Measurements taken on the Spot, with Descriptive Letterpress. By FRANCIS T. DOLLMAN, Architect.

This Work contains thirty quarto Plates, three of which are highly finished in Colours, restored accurately from the existing indications. The Pulpits delineated are St. Westburga, Chester: SS. Peter and Paul, Shrewsbury; St. Michael, Coventry; St. Mary, Wendon; St. Mary and All Saints, Fotheringay; All Saints, North Cerney; Holy Trinity, Nallsea; St. Peter Winchcombe; St. John Baptist, Cirencester; St. Mary, Totness; St. Mary, Frampton. Holy Trinity, Old Aston; St. Benedict, Glastonbury; St. Peter, Wolverhampton: St. Andrew, Cheddar (coloured); St. Andrew, Banwell; St. George, Brakworth; Holy Trinity, Long Sutton (coloured); St. Saviour, Dartmouth (coloured); All Saints, Sudbury; All Saints, Hawstead; St. Mary de Lode, Gloucester; St. Mary, North Petherton.

GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

To be completed in Four Parts, Parts I. and II., price 5s.each plain; 7s.6d.coloured.

ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND: being Examples of Antique Furniture, Plate, Church Decoration, Objects of Historical Interest, &c. Drawn and etched by W.B. SCOTT.

"A collection of antiquarian relics, chiefly in the decorative branch of art, preserved in the northern counties, portrayed by a very competent hand ... All are drawn with that distinctness which makes them available for the antiquarian, for the artist who is studying costume, and for the study of decorative art."—Spectator.

Parts III. and IV., completing the Work, are in preparation, and will be published shortly.

GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No CLXXXVIII., will be publishd on THURSDAY, October 10th, 1850.I. HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.II. THE UNITED STATES.III. BRITISH MUSEUM: CATALOGUE OF PRINTED BOOKS.IV. MURE'S CRITICAL HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGEAND LITERATURE OF ANTIENT GREECE.V. COL. CHESNEY'S EXPEDITION TO THE EUPHRATES AND TIGRIS.VI. RECENT CLASSICAL ROMANCES.VIII. DIFFICULTIES OF REPLUBLICAN FRANCE.IX. HORACE AND TASSO.London: LONGMAN AND CO. Edinburgh: A. and C. BLACK.

THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No CLXXXVIII., will be publishd on THURSDAY, October 10th, 1850.

I. HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.II. THE UNITED STATES.III. BRITISH MUSEUM: CATALOGUE OF PRINTED BOOKS.IV. MURE'S CRITICAL HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGEAND LITERATURE OF ANTIENT GREECE.V. COL. CHESNEY'S EXPEDITION TO THE EUPHRATES AND TIGRIS.VI. RECENT CLASSICAL ROMANCES.VIII. DIFFICULTIES OF REPLUBLICAN FRANCE.IX. HORACE AND TASSO.

London: LONGMAN AND CO. Edinburgh: A. and C. BLACK.

MR. L.A. LEWIS'S SALES for OCTOBER, 1850, FRIDAY 11TH., and SATURDAY 12th. Valuable Books, Architechural Books, Books of Prints, &c., from the West of England, including Stuart and Revett's Antiquities of Athens, 4 vols.; unedited Antiuities of Attica; Piranesi Campus Martius Antiqua Orbis; Houghton Gallery, 2 vols; Bowyer's Hume's England; Rogers' Collection of Prints, 2 vols.; Knorr, Deliciæ Naturæ Selectæ, 2 vols.; Tableaux Historiques de la Révolution Française, 2 vols.; Stow's London, by Strype, 2 vols.; Domesday Book, 2 vols.; Edmondson's Heraldry, 2 vols.; Illustrated London News, 11 vols.; Encyclopædia Metropolitana, 29 vols.; Neale's Gentlemen's Seats, 6 vols.; Loddiges' Botanical Cabinet, 10 vols., large paper; Maund's Botanic Garden, 9 vols.; Sweet's Geraniums, 5 vols.; Beauties of England and Wales, 32 vols.; Hogarth's Works, 3 vols., red morocco; Knight's London, 6 vols.; Retrospective Review, 14 vols.; Bayle, Dictionnaire Historique, 16 vols.; Lodge's Illustrious Portraits, 10 vols.; Knight's Pictorial Bible, 3 vols.; Clarke's Commentary on the Bible, 6 vols.; a few Pictures and Prints, &c.

FRIDAY, 18TH, AND SATURDAY, 19TH.—Books, including the stock of the late Mr. C. Whiten.

FRIDAY, 25TH,—Pictures, Prints, Books, Stereotype Plates, Copyrights, Books in Quires, &c.

Mr. C.A. Lewis will have Sales on each Friday in November and December.

125. Fleet Street.

Just published, Part 9, price 9s., plain; Tinted, small paper, 10s.6d.; Proof, large paper, 12s.

THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE AGES: or, Select Specimens of Early and Middle Pointed Structures; with a few of the pures; Late Pointed Examples, Illustrated by Geometric and Perspective Drawings. By HENRY BOWMAN and J.S. CROWTHER, Architects. Containing Illustrations of St. Peter's Church, Thrukingham, Norfolk; St. John's, Cley, Norfolk; and St. Andrew's, Heckington, Lincolnshire.

To be completed in Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, Imperial folio. Issued at intervals of two months.

"Ewerby is a magnficent specimen of a Flowing Middle-Pointed Church. it is most perfectly measured and described: one can follow the most rcondite beauties of the construction, mouldings and joints, in these Plates, almost as well as in the original structure. Such a monograph as this will be of incalculable value to the architects of our Colonies or the United States, who have no means of access to ancient churches. The Plates are on stone, done with remarkable skill and distinctness. Of Heckington we can only say that the perspective view from the south-east presents a very vision of beauty; we can hardle conceive anything more perfect. We heartlily recommend this series to all who are able to patronize it."—Ecclesiologist, Oct. 1849.

"This, if completed in a similar manner to the Parts now out, will be a beautiful and valuable work. The perspective of St. Andrew's, Heckington, is a charming specimen of lithography, by Hawkins. We unhesitatingly recommend Messrs. Bowman and Crowther's work to our readers, as likely to be useful to them."—Builder.

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, October 5. 1850.

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