ENIGMATICAL EPITAPH.

"Primus Papa, potens Pastor, pietate paterna,Petrus, perfectam plebem pascendo paravit.Posthabito plures populo, privata petentes,Pinguia Pontifices, perdunt proh pascua plebis."

"Primus Papa, potens Pastor, pietate paterna,

Petrus, perfectam plebem pascendo paravit.

Posthabito plures populo, privata petentes,

Pinguia Pontifices, perdunt proh pascua plebis."

R. G.

In the church of Middleton Tyas, in the North Riding of the county, there is the following extraordinary inscription on the monument of a learned incumbent of that parish:—

"This Monument rescues from oblivion the Remains of the Rev. John Mawer, D.D., late Vicar of this Parish, who died Nov. 18th, 1763, aged 60. The doctor was descended from the royal family of Mawer, and was inferior to none of his illustrious ancestors in personal merit, being the greatest linguist this nation ever produced. He was able to write and speak twenty-two languages, and particularly excelled in the Eastern tongues, in which he proposed to his Royal Highness Frederick Prince of Wales, to whom he was firmly attached, to propagate the Christian religion in the Abyssinian empire,—a great and noble design, which was frustrated by the death of that amiable prince."

Whitaker, after giving the epitaph verbatim in hisHistory of Richmondshire, vol. i. p. 234., says:

"This extraordinary personage, who may seem to have been qualified for the office of universal interpreter to all the nations upon earth, appears,notwithstanding, to have been unaware that the Christian religion, in however degraded a form, has long been professed in Abyssinia. With respect to the royal line of Mawer I was long distressed, till, by great good fortune, I discovered that it was no other than that of old King Coyl."

As I happen to feel an interest in the subject which disinclines me to rest satisfied with the foregoing hasty—not to say flippant explanation of the learned historian, I am anxious to inquire whether or not any reader of the "Notes and Queries" can throw light on the history, and especially the genealogy, of this worthy and amiable divine? While I have reason to believe that Dr. Mawer was about the last person in the world to have composed the foregoing eulogy on his own character, I cannot believe that the allusion to illustrious ancestors "is merely a joke," as Whitaker seems to imply; while it is quite certain that there is nothing in the inscription to justify the inference that the deceased had been "unaware that the Christian religion" had "long been professed in Abyssinia:" indeed, an inference quite the reverse would be quite as legitimate.

J. H.

Rotherfield, Feb. 23. 1851.

(Act IV. Sc. 1.).

In the lines—

"The quality of Mercy is not strained,It droppeth, as the gentle rain from heaven,Upon the place beneath."

"The quality of Mercy is not strained,

It droppeth, as the gentle rain from heaven,

Upon the place beneath."

What is the meaning of the word "strained?" The verbto strainis susceptible of two essentially different interpretations; and the question is as to which of the two is here intended? On referring to Johnson's Dictionary, we find, amongst other synonymous terms,To squeeze through something; to purify by filtration; to weaken by too much violence; to push to its utmost strength. Now, if we substitute either of the two latter meanings, we shall have an assertion that "Mercy is not weakened by too much violence (or put to its utmost strength), but droppeth, as the gentle rain from heaven," &c., where it would require a most discerning editor to explain the connexion between the two clauses. If, on the other hand, we take the first two meanings, the passage is capable of being understood, if nothing else. Beginning withto squeeze through something; what would present itself to our ideas would be, that "Mercy does not fall in one continuous stream (as would be the case, ifstrained) on one particular portion of the earth, but expands into a large and universal shower, so as to spread its influence over the entire globe." This, however, though not absurd, is, I fear, rather forced.

To come to the second explanation ofto purify, which in my opinion is the most apt, I take it that Shakspeare intended to say, that "Mercy is so pure and undefiled as to require no cleansing, but falls as gently and unsullied as the showers from heaven, ere soiled by the impurities of earth."

With these few remarks, I shall leave the matter in the hands of those whose researches into the English language may have been deeper than my own, with a hope that they may possess time and inclination to promote the elucidation of a difficulty in one of the most beautiful passages of our great national bard; a difficulty, by the way, which seems to have escaped the notice of all the editors and commentators.

L. S.

Was Lord Howard of Effingham, who commanded in chief against the Spanish Armada, a Protestant or a Papist?—On the one hand, it is highly improbable that Queen Elizabeth should employ a popish commander against the Spaniards.

1. The silence of Dr. Lingard and other historians is also negatively in favour of his being a Protestant.

But, on the other hand, it has been repeatedly asserted, in both houses of Parliament, that he was a Papist.

2. It islikely, because hisfatherwas the eldest son by his second wife of Thomas, second Duke of Norfolk, and was created Baron Howard of Effingham by Queen Mary.

3. Whatever his own religion may have been, he was contemporary with his cousin, Philip, Earl of Arundel, whom Camden calls the champion of the Catholics, and whoseviolencewas the cause of his perpetual imprisonment.

4. The present Lord Effingham has recently declared that by blood he was (had always been?) connected with the Roman Catholics.

Under these andothercircumstances, it is a question to be settled byevidence.

C. H. P.

Brighton.

Lord Bexley—how descended from Cromwell?—In the notice of the late Lord Bexley inThe Times, it is stated that he wasmaternallydescended from Oliver Cromwell, the Protector, through the family of Cromwell's son-in-law, Ireton.

Burke, in hisPeerage, mentions that Henry Vansittart, father of Lord Bexley, was governor of Bengal (circa 1770), and that he married Amelia Morse, daughter of Nicolas Morse, governor of Madras.

It would therefore appear that this said Nicolas Morse was a descendant of General Ireton. I wish to ascertain if this assumption be correct; and, if correct, when and how the families of Morse and Ireton became connected? If any of your correspondents can furnish information on thissubject, or acquaint me where I can find any account or pedigree of the Morse family, I shall feel much indebted to them.

Pursuivant.

Earl of Shaftesbury.—I have read with great interest Lord Shaftesbury's letter to Le Clerc, published in No. 67. May I ask your correspondentsJanus Dousaand Professor des AmoriesVan der Hoven, whether the Remonstrants' library of Amsterdam contains any papers relating to the first Earl of Shaftesbury, which might have been sent by the third Earl to Le Clerc; and whether any notices or traditions remain in Amsterdam of the first Lord Shaftesbury's residence and death in that city? Any information relative to the first Earl of Shaftesbury will greatly oblige.

CH.

Family of Peyton.—Admiral Joseph Peyton [Post-Captain, December 2, 1757—Admiral, 1787—ob. 1804] was Admiral's First Captain in the fleet under Darby, at the relief of Gibraltar, 1781. He was son of Commodore Edward Peyton [Post-Captain, April 4, 1740], who is supposed to have gone over from England, and settled in America, and there to have died. I should be very glad of further particulars of these persons. Are my dates correct? How is this branch of the family (lately represented by John Joseph Peyton, Esq., of Wakehurst, who married a daughter of Sir East Clayton East, Bart., and died in 1844, leaving four children minors) connected with the Baronets Peyton, of Iselham, or Dodington? Who was the father of the above Commodore? It may aid the inquiry to mention that this branch is related to the Grenfell family: William Peyton, second son of the above Admiral Joseph, having married a first cousin of Pascoe Grenfell, Esq., M.P. for Great Marlow (who died in 1833).

Ache.

"La Rose nait en un Moment."—I wish to learn the name of the author of the following verses, and where they are to be found. Any of your correspondents who can inform me shall receive my sincere thanks:—

"La Rose nait en un moment,En un moment elle est flêtrie;Mais ce que pour vous mon cœur sent,Ne finira qu'avec ma vie."

"La Rose nait en un moment,

En un moment elle est flêtrie;

Mais ce que pour vous mon cœur sent,

Ne finira qu'avec ma vie."

T. H. K.

Malew, Man.

John Collard the Logician.—Could any of your correspondents tell me where I could find any account ofJohn Collard, who wrote three treatises on Logic:—The first, under the name ofN. Dralloc(his name reversed),Epitome of Logic, Johnson, St. Paul's Church Yard, 1795; in his own name,Essentials of Logic, Johnson, 1796; and in 1799, thePraxis of Logic. He is mentioned asDrallocby Whately and Kirwan; but nobody seems to have known him asCollardbut Levi Hedge, the American writer on that subject. I made inquiry, some forty years ago, and was informed that he lived at Birmingham, was a chairmaker by profession, and devoted much of his time to chemistry; that he was known to and esteemed by Dr. Parr; and that he was then dead.

At the close of his preface to hisPraxishe says,—

"And let me inform the reader also, that this work was not composed in the pleasant tranquillity of retirement, but under such untoward circumstances, that the mind was subject to continual interruptions and vexatious distraction."

Then he adds,—

"I have but little doubt but thisPraxiswill, at some future period, find its way into the schools; and though critics should at present condemn what they have either no patience or inclination to examine, I feel myself happy in contemplating, that after I am mouldered to dust, it may assist our reason in this most essential part."

B. G.

Feb. 20. 1851.

Traherne's Sheriffs of Glamorgan.—Could any of your readers tell me where I might see a copy ofA List of the Sheriffs of County Glamorgan, printed (privately?) by Rev. J. M. Traherne? I have searched the libraries of the British Museum, the Athenæum Club, and the Bodleian at Oxford, in vain.

Edmond W.

Haybands in Seals.—I have, in a small collection of Sussex deeds, two which present the following peculiarity: they have the usual slip of parchment and lump of wax pendant from the lower edge, but the wax, instead of bearing an armorial figure, a merchant's mark, or any other of the numerous devices formerly employed in the authentication of deeds instead of one's chirograph, has neatly inserted into it a small wreath composed of two or three stalks of grass (or rather hay) carefully plaited, and forming a circle somewhat less in diameter than a shilling. The deeds, which were executed in the time of Henry the Seventh, relate to the transfer of small landed properties. I have no doubt that this diminutivehaybandwas the distinctive mark of a grazier or husbandman who did not consider his social status sufficient to warrant the use of a more regular device by way of seal. I have seen a few others connected with the same county, and, if I recollect rightly, of a somewhat earlier date. I shall be glad to ascertain whether this curious practice was in use in other parts of England.

M. A. Lower.

Lewes.

Edmund Prideaux, and the First Post-office.—Polwhele, in hisHistory of Cornwall, says, p. 139.:

"To our countryman Edmund Prideaux we owe the regular establishment of the Post-office."

He says again, p. 144.:

"Edmund Prideaux, Attorney-General to Oliver Cromwell, andInventorof the Post-office."

Now the Edmund spoken of as Attorney-General, was of Ford Abbey, in Devonshire, and second son of Sir Edmund Prideaux, of Netherton, in the said county, therefore could not be one of the Cornish branch.

Query No. 1. Who was the Edmund Prideaux, his countryman, that regularly established the Post-office?

Query No. 2. How were letters circulated before his time?

Query No. 3. Was Edmund Prideaux the Attorney-General, the inventor of the Post-office, as he states; if not, who was?

Query No. 4. Has any life of Edmund Prideaux as Attorney-General been published, or is any account of him to be found in any work?

G. P. P.

William Tell Legend.—Could any of your readers tell me the true origin of the William Tell apple story? I find the same story told of—

(1.) Egil, the father of the famous smith Wayland, who was instructed in the art of forging metals by two dwarfs of the mountain of Kallova. (Depping,Mém. de la Société des Antiquaires de France, tom. v. pp. 223. 229.)

(2.) Saxo Grammaticus, who wrote nearly a century before Tell, tells nearly the same story of one Toko, who killed Harold.

(3.) "There was a souldier called Pumher, who, daily through witchcraft, killed three of his enemies. This was he who shot at a pennie on his son's head, and made ready another arrow to have slain the Duke Remgrave (? Rheingraf), who commanded it." (Reginald Scot, 1584.)

(4.) And Adam Bell, Clym of the Clough, and William of Cloudeslie.

G. H. R.

Arms of Cottons buried in Landwade Church, &c.(Vol. iii., p. 39.).—WillJonathan Oldbuck, Jun., oblige me by describing the family coat-armour borne by the Cottons mentioned in his Note? It may facilitate his inquiry, in which, by the way, I am much interested.

R. W. C.

Sir George Buc's Treatise on the Stage.—What has become of this MS.? Sir George Buc mentions it inThe Third University of England, appended to Stowe'sAnnals, ed. 1631, p. 1082.—

"Of this art [the dramatic] have written largelyPetrus Victorius, &c.—as it were in vaine for me to say anything of the art; besides, thatI have written thereof a particular treatise."

If this manuscript could be discovered, it would doubtless throw considerable light upon the Elizabethan drama.

Edward F. Rimbault.

A Cracowe Pike(Vol. iii., p. 118.).—Since I sent you the Query respecting aCracowe Pike, I have found that I was wrong in supposing it to be a weapon or spear: forCracowe Pikeswas the name given to the preposterous "piked shoes," which were fashionable in the reign of Richard II., and which were so long in the toes that it was necessary to tie them with chains to the knee, in order to render it possible for the wearer to walk. Stowe, in hisChronicle, tells us that this extravagant fashion was brought in by Anne of Bohemia, Queen of Richard II. But why were they calledCracowepikes?

I. H. T.

St. Thomas of Trunnions.—Who was this saint, and why is he frequently mentioned in connexion with onions?

"Nay softe, my maisters, bySaincte Thomas of Trunions,I am not disposed to buy of youronions."Apius and Virginia, 1575."And you that delight in trulls and minions,Come buy my four ropes of hardS. Thomas's onions."The Hog hath lost his Pearl, 1614.

"Nay softe, my maisters, bySaincte Thomas of Trunions,I am not disposed to buy of youronions."Apius and Virginia, 1575.

"Nay softe, my maisters, bySaincte Thomas of Trunions,

I am not disposed to buy of youronions."

Apius and Virginia, 1575.

"And you that delight in trulls and minions,Come buy my four ropes of hardS. Thomas's onions."The Hog hath lost his Pearl, 1614.

"And you that delight in trulls and minions,

Come buy my four ropes of hardS. Thomas's onions."

The Hog hath lost his Pearl, 1614.

"Buy my rope of onions—whiteSt. Thomas's onions," was one of the cries of London in the seventeenth century.

Edward F. Rimbault.

Paper-mill near Stevenage(Vol. ii., p. 473.).—In your number for December 14, 1850, one of your correspondents, referring to Bartholomeusde Prop. Rerum, mentions a paper-mill near Stevenage, in the county of Hertford, as being probably the earliest, or one of the earliest, established in England. I should feel much obliged if your correspondent, through the medium of your pages, would favour me with any further particulars on this subject; especially as to the site of this mill, there being no stream within some miles of Stevenage capable of turning a mill. I have been unable to find any account of this mill in either of the county histories.

Hertfordiensis.

Mounds, Munts, Mounts.—In the parish register of Maresfield in Sussex, there is an entry recording the surrender of a house and three acres of land, called the "Mounds," in 1574, to the use of the parish; and in the churchwardens' accounts at Rye, about the same time, it is stated that the church of Rye was entitled to a rent from certain lands called "Mounts." In Jevington, too, there are lands belonging to the Earl of Liverpool called Munts or Mounts, but whether at any time belonging to the church, I am unable to say. Any information as to the meaning of the word, or account of its occurring elsewhere, will much oblige

R. W. B.

Church Chests.—A representation of two knights engaged in combat is sometimes found on ancient church chests. Can any one explain the meaning of it? Examples occur at Harty Chapel, Kent, and Burgate, Suffolk. The former is mentioned in theGlossary of Architecture, and described as a carving: the latter is painted only,and one of the knights is effaced: the other is apparently being unhorsed; he wears a jupon embroidered in red, and the camail, &c., of the time of Richard II.: a small shield is held in his left hand: his horse stoops its head, apparently to water, through which it is slowly pacing. Is this a subject from the legend of some saint, or from one of the popular romances of the middle ages? Are any other examples known?

C. R. M.

The Cross-bill.—Is "The Legend of the Cross-bill," translated from Julius Mosen by Longfellow, a genuine early tradition, or only a fiction of the poet?

2. Is the Cross-bill considered in any country as a sacred bird? and was it ever so used in architectural decoration, illumination, or any other works of sacred art?

3. What is the earliest record on evidence of the Cross-bill being known in England?

H. G. T.

Launceston.

Iovanni Volpe.—Can any of your readers supply a notice ofIovanni Volpe, mentioned in a MS. nearly cotemporary to have been

"An Italian doctor, famous in Queen Elizabeth's time, who went with George Earl of Cumberland most of his sea voyages, and was with him at the taking of Portorico?"

Another MS., apparently of the date of James I., describes him as "physician to Queen Elizabeth."

He had a daughter, Frances, widow of Richard Evers, Esq. ("of the family of Evers of Coventry"), who married, 2d November, 1601, Richard Hughes, Esq., then a younger son, but eventually representative, of the ancient house of Gwerclas and Cymmer-yn-Edeirnion, in Merionethshire, and died 29th June, 1636.

M. N. O.

Auriga.—How comes the Latin wordAurigato mean "a charioteer?"

Varro.

To speak in Lutestring.—1. Philo-Junius—that is, Junius himself—in the 47th Letter, writes:

"I was led to trouble you with these observations by a passage which,to speak in lutestring, I met with this morning, in the course of my reading."

Had the expression in Italics been used before by any one?

2. In the 56th Letter, addressed to the Duke of Grafton, Junius asks:

"Is the union ofBlifilandBlack Georgeno longer a romance?"

What part of that story is here referred to?

Varro.

"Lavora, come se tu," &c.—In Bohn's edition of Jeremy Taylor'sHoly Living and Dying, I observe in the notes several Italian sentences, mostly couplets or proverbs. One peculiarly struck me: and I should feel obliged if any of your readers could tell me whence it was taken, name of author, &c. The couplet runs thus (Vide p. 182. of the work):—

"Lavora, come se tu avessi a camper ogni hora:Adora, come se tu avessi a morir allora."

"Lavora, come se tu avessi a camper ogni hora:

Adora, come se tu avessi a morir allora."

Indeed it would not be amiss, ifallthe notes were marked with authors' names or other reference, as I find some few of the Latin quotations as well as the Greek, andallthe Italian ones, require a godfather.

W. H. P.

Tomb of Chaucer.—Are any of the existing English families descended from the poet Chaucer? If so, might they not fairly be applied to for a contribution to the proposed restoration of his tomb? His son Thomas Chaucer left an heiress, married to De la Pole, Duke of Suffolk; but I have not the means of ascertaining whether any of their posterity are extant.

C. R. M.

Family of Clench.—Can any of your readers supply me with the parentage and family ofBruin Clenchof St. Martin's in the Fields, citizen of London? He married Catharine, daughter of William Hippesley, Esq., of Throughley, in Edburton, co. Sussex; and was living in 1686. His christian name does not appear in the pedigrees of the Clinche or Clench family of Bealings and Holbrook, co. Suffolk, in theHeralds' Visitations, in the British Museum. His daughter married Roger Donne, Esq., of Ludham, co. Norfolk, and was the maternal grandmother of the poet Cowper.

C. R. M.

(Vol. iii., p. 8.)

Your correspondent may be interested to know, that Sir Anthony Chester, Bart., of Chichley, co. Bucks, married, May 21, 1657, Mary, dau. of Samuel Cranmer, Esq., alderman of London, and sister to Sir Cæsar Cranmer, Kt., of Ashwell, Bucks. This Samuel Cranmer was traditionally the last male heir of the eldest of Cranmer's sons; his descent is, I believe, stated in general terms in the epitaphs of Lady Chester, at Chichley, and Sir Cæsar Cranmer, at Ashwell. He was a great London brewer by trade, and married his cousin Mary (sister of Thomas Wood, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, and Sir Henry Wood, Bart., of the Board of Green Cloth), dau. of Thomas Wood, Esq., of Hackney, by his wife —— Cranmer. They had only two children, and it would appear from Harleian MS. No. 1476. fo. 419., which omits all mention of Sir Cæsar, that he died in his father's lifetime, and that Lady Chester was sole heiress to this branch of the Cranmers.

There are two brief pedigrees I have seen of these Cranmers, one in Harl. MS. 1476. abovementioned, the other in Philipot'sCatalogue of Knights; but neither of them goes so far as to connect them with the archbishop, or even with the Nottinghamshire family; for they both begin with Samuel Cranmer's grandfather, who is described of Alcester, co. Warwick. Now the connexion is certain: could one of your readers supply me with the wanting links? Is it possible that they omit all mention of the archbishop on account of the prejudice mentioned by your correspondent; being able to supply the three generations necessary to gentility without him?

I am obliged to write without any books of reference, or I would have consulted the epitaphs in question again.

R. E. W.

I am afraid that my quotations from memory, in my letter of Saturday, werenot exactly correct; for on examining Lipscomb'sBuckinghamshireto-day, I find that it is stated (vol. iv. pp. 4-7.) on the monument of Samuel Cranmer atAstwood Bury, that he was "descended in a direct line from Richard Cranmer, elder brother to Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury;" and that it was found, on an inquisition held on April 7, 1640, that his son and heir Cæsar Cranmer (called on the monument "Sir Cæsar Wood AteCranmer, Kt.") was his heir at six years of age. This Cæsar was knighted by Charles II., and died unmarried; so that his sister, Lady Chester, was evidently the representative of this branch of the Cranmer family.

Now, with regard to this statement on the monument, in the first place it is discrepant with Lady Chester's epitaph at Chichley, which (Lipscomb'sBucks, vol. iv. p. 97.) expressly declares that she derived her descent from the archbishop. In the next place it appears from Thoroton'sNotts, that the archbishop had no elder brother named Richard. His elder brother's name was John; who by Joan, dau. of John Frechevill, Esq., had two sons, Thomas andRichard. Could this be the Richard alluded to? In the third place, in neither of the pedigrees alluded to is there given any connexion with the family of Cranmer of Aslacton. And, lastly, it is opposed to the uniform tradition of the family. Now, if any of your readers can clear up this difficulty, or will refer me to any other pedigree of the Cranmers, I shall feel extremely obliged to him.

With the exception of the points now noticed, my former letter was perfectly correct, and may be relied on in every respect.

I may mention that these Cranmers were from Warwickshire. The monument states that Samuel Cranmer was born at "Aulcester" in that county, "about the year 1575."

R. E. W.

(Vol. iii., p. 22.)

The second edition of the song-book mentioned by theHermit of Holyportmust have been published between 1781 and 1810, as the many popular works printed for S. and W. Koene may testify. In 1798 they lived on the Linde gracht, but shifted afterwards their dwelling-place to the Boomstraat. For the above information—about a trifle, interesting enough to call ahermitfrom hismemento-moricogitations—I am indebted to the kindness of Mr.J. J. Nieuwenhuyzen.

But, alas! what can I, the man with aborrowed nameand borrowed learning, say in reply to the first Query of the busy anchorite? He will believe me, when I tell his reverence that I amnotJanus Dousa. What's in the name, that I could choose it? Must I confess? A token of grateful remembrance; the only means of making myself known to a British friend of my youth, but for whom I would perhaps never have enjoyedMr. Hermit'svaluable contributions—the medium, in short, of being recognised incognito. Will this do? Or must I say, copying a generous correspondent of "Notes and Queries,"—Spare my blushes, I am

J. H. van Lennep.

Amsterdam, Feb. 25. 1851.

(Vol. iii., p. 87.)

Your correspondent P. asks for information respecting the families and descendants of William Malbank and Bigod de Loges, two of the Barons of Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, whose signatures are affixed to the charter of foundation of St. Werburgh's Abbey at Chester.

Of the descendants of William Malbank I can learn nothing; but it appears from the MS. catalogue of the Norman nobility before the Conquest, that Roger and Robert de Loges possessed lordships in the district of Coutances in Normandy. One at least, Roger, must have accompanied the Conqueror to England (and his name appears in the roll of Battle Abbey as given by Fox), for we find that he held lands in Horley and Burstowe in Surrey. His widow, Gunuld de Loges, held the manor of Guiting in Gloucestershire of King William; and in the year 1090 she gave two hides of land to the monastery of Gloucester to pray for the soul of her husband. Roger had two sons, Roger and Bigod, or, as he is sometimes called, Robert. The former inherited the lands in Surrey. One of his descendants (probably his great-grandson) was high sheriff of Surrey and Sussex in the years 1267, 1268, and 1269. His son Roger de Loges owned lands and tenements in Horley, called La Bokland, which he sold to the Abbot ofChertsea. His successor, John de Logge of Burstowe, witnessed in the tenth year of Edward II. a deed relating to the transfer of land in Hadresham, Surrey. The name became gradually corrupted to Lodge.

To return to the subject of inquiry, Bigod de Loges—

"held five tenements in Sow of the Earl of Chester, by the service of conducting the said earl towards the king's court through the midst of the forest of Cannock, meeting him at Rotford bridge upon his coming, and at Hopwas bridge on his return. In which forest the earl might, if he pleased, kill a deer at his coming, and another at his going back: giving unto Loges each time he should so attend him a barbed arrow. Hugo de Loges granted to William Bagot all his lands in Sow, to hold of him the said Hugo and his heirs, by the payment of a pair of white gloves at the feast of St. Michael yearly."—Dugdale.

Bigod de Loges had two sons, Hugo and Odardus:

"Odardus de Loges was infeoffed by Ranulphus de Meschines, Earl of Chester, in the baronies of Stanyton, Wigton, Doudryt, Waverton, Blencoyd, and Kirkbride, in the county of Cumberland; and the said Odardus built Wigton church and endowed it. He lived until King John's time. Henry I. confirmed the grant of the barony to him, by which it is probable that he lived a hundred years. He had issue Adam. Adam had issue Odard, the lord, whose son and heir, Adam the Second, died without issue, and Odard the Fourth likewise," &c.—Denton'sMS.

Of the branch settled in Staffordshire and Warwickshire—

"Hugo de Loges married, tempo Richard I., Margerie, daughter and heiress of Robert de Brok. By this marriage Hugo became possessed of the manor of Casterton in Warwickshire. He was forester of Cannock chace. He had issue Hugo de Loges, of Chesterton, whose son and heir, Sir Richard de Loges, died 21st of Edward I. Sir Richard had issue two sons, Richard and Hugo. The eldest, Richard of Chesterton, left issue an only daughter, Elizabeth, married to Nicholas de Warwick. The issue of this marriage was John de Warwick, whose daughter and heiress, Eleonora, married Sir John de Peto, and brought the manor of Chesterton into that family."—Dugdale.

M. J. T.

(Vol. iii., p. 139.)

The scene inAntony and Cleopatracontains two expressions which are inHenry VIII.—

"Learn this, Silius.""Learn this, brother."—Hen. VIII."The Captain's captain.""To be her Mistress' mistress, the Queen's queen."—Hen. VIII.

"Learn this, Silius.""Learn this, brother."—Hen. VIII.

"Learn this, Silius."

"Learn this, brother."—Hen. VIII.

"The Captain's captain.""To be her Mistress' mistress, the Queen's queen."—Hen. VIII.

"The Captain's captain."

"To be her Mistress' mistress, the Queen's queen."—Hen. VIII.

The first of these passages is in a scene inHenry VIII., whichMr. Hicksongives to Fletcher (and of which, by-the-bye, it may be observed, that, like the scene inAntony and Cleopatra, it has nothing to do with the business of the play). The other is in a scene which he gives to Shakspeare.

But, perhaps, there may be doubts whether rightly. I am exceedingly ignorant in Fletcher; but here is a form of expression which occurs twice in the scene, which, I believe, is more conformable to the practice of Fletcher:—

"Aheed was in his countenance.""And force them withaconstancy."

"Aheed was in his countenance."

"And force them withaconstancy."

There is very great stiffness in the versification: one instance is quite extraordinary:

"Yet I know her forA spleeny Lutheran; and not wholesome toOur cause, that she should lie i' the bosom ofOur hard rul'd king."

"Yet I know her for

A spleeny Lutheran; and not wholesome to

Our cause, that she should lie i' the bosom of

Our hard rul'd king."

There is great stiffness and tameness in the matter in many places.

Lastly, whatMr. Hicksonhopes he has taken off Shakspeare's shoulders, the compliments to the Queen and the King, is brought in here most forcedly:—

"She (i.e.A. Boleyn) is a gallant creature, and completeIn mind and feature. I persuade me, from herWill fall some blessings to this land, which shallIn it be memoriz'd."

"She (i.e.A. Boleyn) is a gallant creature, and complete

In mind and feature. I persuade me, from her

Will fall some blessings to this land, which shall

In it be memoriz'd."

But there is also the general question, whether, either uponà prioriprobability, or inferences derived from particular passages, we are bound to suppose that the two authors wrote scene by scene. Shakspeare might surely be allowed to touch up scenes, of which the mass might be written by Fletcher.

As to the dates,Mr. Collieris persuaded thatHenry VIII.was written in the winter of 1603-4. The accession of James was in March, 1603.Mr. Collierthinks that the compliments to Queen Elizabeth were not written in her lifetime. He thinks that, even in the last year of her long reign, no one would have ventured to call her an "aged princess," though merely as a way of saying that she would have a long reign; and he says, there is not the slightest evidence that the compliment to King James was an interpolation. But surely it is strong evidence that if there is no interpolation, this passage—

"As whenThe bird of wonder dies, the maiden phœnix,"

"As when

The bird of wonder dies, the maiden phœnix,"

afterwards—

"When Heav'n shall call her from this cloud of darkness,"

and then, after disposing of the King—

"She shall be to the happiness of EnglandAn aged princess . . .. . . . . .Would I had known no more—but she must die;She must—the saints must have her yet a virgin," &c.

"She shall be to the happiness of England

An aged princess . . .

. . . . . .

Would I had known no more—but she must die;

She must—the saints must have her yet a virgin," &c.

would be ridiculous. All that can be said is, that either way it is partly ridiculous to make it a matter of prophecy and lamentation that a human being must, sometime or other, die.

But it is very difficult to conceive that the compliments to Elizabeth should have been written after her death.

Fletcher, born in 1579, did not, in Mr. Dyce's opinion, bring out anything singly or jointly with Beaumont till 1606 or 1607.

The irrelevant scenes, like that of Ventidius, are introduced with two objects—one to gain time, the other for the sake of naturalness: of the latter of which there are two instances inMacbeth; one where the King talks of the swallows' nests: the other, relating to the English king touching for the evil, seems remarkably suited to the mind of Shakspeare.

C. B.

(JOSH.x. 12.)

(Vol. iii., p. 137.)

The observations of I. K. upon this passage have obviously proceeded from a praiseworthy wish to remove what has appeared to some minds to be inconsistent with that perfect truth which they expect to be the result of divine inspiration. I. K. doubtless believes that God put it into the heart of Joshua to utter a command for the miraculous continuance of daylight. But why should he expect the inspiration to extend so far as to instruct Joshua respecting the manner in which that continuance was to be brought about? Joshua was not to be the worker of the miracle. It was to be wrought by Him who can as easily stop any part of the stupendous machinery of His universe, as we can stop the wheels of a watch. Joshua was left to speak, as he naturally would, in terms well fitted to make those around him understand, and tell others, that the sun and moon, whom the defeated people notoriously worshipped, were so far from being able to protect their worshippers, that they were made to promote their destruction at the bidding of Joshua, whom God had commissioned to be the scourge of idolaters. And when the inspired recorder of the miracle wrote that "the sun stood still," he told what the eyes saw, with the same truth as I might say that the sunrosebefore seven this morning. Inspiration was not bestowed to make men wise in astronomy, but wise unto salvation.

Those who think that the inspired penman should have said "the earth stood still," in order to give a perfectly true account of the miracle, have need to be told, or would do well to remember, that the stopping of the diurnal revolution of the earth, in order to keep the sun and moon's apparent places the same, would not involve a cessation of its motion in its orbit, still less a cessation of that great movement of the whole solar system, by which it is now more than conjectured that the sun, the moon, and the earth are all carried on together at the rate of above 3700 miles in an hour; so that to say "the earth stood still" would be liable to the same objection, viz., that of not being astronomically true. I. K. carries his notion of the "inseparable connexion" of the sun "with all planetary motion" too far, when he supposes that a stoppage of the sun's motion round its own axis would have any effect on our planet. The note he quotes from Kitto'sPictorial Bibleis anything but satisfactory; and that from Mant is childishly common-place. Good old Scott adverts with propriety to the Creator's power to keep all things in their places, when the earth's revolution was stopped; but when he endeavoured to illustrate it by the little effect of a ship'scasting anchor when under full sail, he should have consulted his friend Newton, who would have stopped such an imagination. Another commentator, Holden, has argued, in spite of the Hebrew, that "in the midst of heaven" cannot mean mid-day, having made up his mind that the moon can never be seen at that hour!

Such helpers do but make that difficult which, if received in its simplicity, need neither perplex a child nor a philosopher.

H. W.

Ulm Manuscript(Vol. iii., p. 60.).—The late Bishop Butler's collection of manuscripts is in the British Museum. I send you a copy of the bishop's own description of the MS. (which should be called theSt. Gall MS.), from the printed Catalogue, which was prepared for a sale by auction, previous to the negociation with the trustees for the purchase of the collection for the nation.

"Acta Apostolorum. Epistolæ Pauli et Catholicæ cum Apocalypsi. Latinè. Sæculi IX. Upon Vellum. 4to.

The date of this most valuable and important manuscript is preserved by these verses:

Back to Index Next