AMSTERDAMAlva, Duke of,221Banking system,222Canals,221,228Churches,227Haarlem, siege of,221Helder,220Museum,226Pictures,227Rembrandt,225Ruyter, de,227Spinoza, 223-225Town hall,227Trade,222-223Zuyder Zee,220ANTWERPAlva, Duke of,211,213Cathedral,217Chassé, General,215Churches,218Forts,218Matsys, Quentin,215Museum,216Painters,211,215-216Philip II.,213Plantin,219Quays,219Reynolds, Sir J.,216Schelde,211Siege of,215William of Orange,213Zoological Garden,219ASSISIChiesa Nuova,28Dante,27Giotto,26,27Goethe,28,29Ruskin,27San Francisco, church of,25,26San Rufino, cathedral of,28Santa Maria, church of,26Simone,27St Bonaventura,21,25St Clare, church of,28St Damian, church of,24St Francis,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28Via Portica,28Vasari,27Vespasian, temple of,20ATHENSAcropolis,278,280,281Ægea, isle of,278Alcibiades,275,276Alexandria,267Archelaus,277Apollo,280Aristides,269Aristotle,268Aristophanes,269Aspasia,274Athene,279Attica,266,270,277,282Callicrates,272Cephissus River,279Cimon,271,272Delphi, oracle of,276Demosthenes,268Erechtheum,273,279Hephæstus,279Hermes, street of,281Hermippus,274Herodotus, 269Hippareté,275Hissus River,279Ictinus,272Lais,276Lysander,276Lysias,277Mars, Hill of,278Miltiades,269,271Moore, Albert,282Museum, National,281Olympus,278Pan,280Parthenon,267,272,273,278,279-280Pelasgians,267Pericles,272,274,275,277,279Phidias,268,272,273Philopappus,278Piræus,268Plato,268,270,279Plutarch,270,271,272,273,274Praxiteles,268,273Salamis, isle of,278Socrates,268,269,274,275Sophocles,268Sylla,277Themistocles,269,271,276Timander,275Watts, G. F.,282Xenophon,270,274Xerxes,276Zeus,279BRUGESAlva, Duke of,193Canals,192,199Cathedral,195Chamois, Captain,193Chapelle du St Sang,196Dukes of Burgundy,192,194Forts,199“Golden Fleece,”194Lace-making,199Market,192Mary of Burgundy,196Motley,194Memling,198Philip the Good,194Prissenhof,199Tapestry,193Titchmann,193Town hall,196Van Eyck brothers,194,197,198CHARTRESAignan, St,184Bernard, St,180Bishops of,181Cathedral,181-184Charlemagne,180Churches,184Desportes,185Eure River,179Gothic art,180,181-183Museum,185Pierre, St,184Regnier, Mathurin,185Romans,179,180,185COLOGNEAgrippina,229Bridges,230Caxton,229Cathedral,230Churches,231,232Durer,232Eau de Cologne,234“Farina,”234Museum,232Painters,231,232Rathaus,232Rhine,233Romans,229Titian,232Trajan,229Vandyk,232CORDOVAAbderahman,101,105,108,112,115Abu Mohammed,104Alcazar, 114Almanzor,102Averroes,117Az-Zahra,102Berbers,102,115Bridge of,100Castillo,119Céspedes,118Charles V.,111Climate,98Court of Oranges,108De Amicis,109Fernando,103Gate of Pardon,107Gongora,117Gran Capitan,97,117Guadalquivir,98,99Gautier,113Hakam,107,110Hisham III.,102Leal, Valdés,118Lucan,116Mihrâb,110Moors,97,98,103Mosque,106-113Picture Gallery,119Puerta de las Palmas,108Ribera,119Roderick,101Sala Capitular,112Seneca,116Villaviciosa Chapel,112Yusuf,102.FLORENCEAngelo, Michael,58,64,65,70Apennines,57Aquinas, Thomas,71Beatrice,60Bargello,70Boboli Gardens,57Boccaccio,58,60,61Browning,58Bruneschi Palace,57Buondelmonti,59Campanile,57Cellini,67Croce,69Dante,58,60,65Delia Robbia,70Donatello,65,69Fiesole,57,58Fra Angelico,66,67Ghibellines,59Giotto,57,58,65,69Guelfs,59Hunt, Leigh,64Lorenzo,70Machiavelli,59Marco, San,67Maria Santa,70Milton,58,61Orcagna,71Petrarch,61Pisano,69Pitti Palace,57,66Porta Mandoria,65Raphael,67Riccardi Palace,70San Miniato,57Savonarola,58,60,67,68Shelley,64Strozzi Chapel,71Titian,67Totila the Goth,59Uberti,59Uffizi Palace,66Vallombrosa,58Vasari,66Vecchio Palace,69Velazquez,67GHENTAldegonde, St,205,206Aerschot, Duke,205,206Alva, Duke of,203,205Belfry,201Charles V.,203-204Edward III.,202,209Erasmus,202“Golden Fleece,”203Hotel de Ville,210Imbize,206-207John of Ghent,202Museum,210Pictures in,210Rubens,210Ryhove,205Trade guilds,207Walls,204Weaving,203University,210Van Artevelde,208Van Eyck brothers,209GRANADAAlbaicin Quarter,149,150Alhambra,135,140,141,142,143,144,145,146— baths,139— Court of Lions,142,143— Council Chamber,144— fish pond,142— Hall of Ambassadors,143— — Abencerrages,142— — Justice,142— palace of Charles V.,141,142— Puerta de Judiciaria,141— towers,141,142Al-Ahmar,136Audencia,149Boabdil,137Borrow, George,150Bourgoanne, Chevalier de,150Cano, Alonso,146,147,148Cartuja,149Castillo, Juan del,147Cathedral,146,147,148Charles V.,140,146Darro River,135,136,146Fancelli,149Fernando, King,137,139Ford,150Generalife,145Genil,135,136,146Gran Capitan, El,149Greco, El,148Isabel, Queen,137Irving, Washington,150Mohammed,137Montañez,148O’Shea, Henry,150Pacheco,147Philip IV.,147Philip V.,141Ribera,148San Geronimo, church of,149Sierra Nevada,136Siloe, Diego de,146St Ildefonso, church of,147Talavera, Cardinal,138,139Yusuf I.,137Ximenes, Cardinal,138,139HEIDELBERGAnlagen,240Castle of,237Hegel,238-239Huss,240Jerome of Prague,240Mary of Scotland,237Morata, Olympia,240Neckar River,236Rupert, Elector,236Students,239Tully,236,238Tun, great,237Wars,240NUREMBERGBridges,248Churches,241,245Craftsmen,241Durer,244-245Forts,246Gustavus,243Huss,242Imhoff Gallery,245Karl IV.,242Krafft,245“Lohengrin,”248Luther,242Melanchthon, 242Old houses,248“Parsifal,”248Pegnitz River,246,248Rathaus,247Stoss,248Vischer, Peter,247,248Wagner,248Wars,243Wolf-brothers,247Wolfram,248OPORTOAlfonso I.,155Art,157,162,163Bridge,161Cathedral,160Churches,160Climate,154-155Douro,152,155,159,161,162English in,154Explorers of,157Exports,159Foz,163Gama, de,157Gardens,161John I.,156Juan of Castile,156— III.,157Lusitania,155Manuel I.,157Markets,153Mattosinhos,163Museum,162Pedro IV.,163Pedroites,158Peninsular War,158Philip II.,158Pictures in,162Port wine,158Romans,155Teutons,155Visigoths,155PERUGIABaroccio,54Bernardino,56Bonfigli,54,55Canonica,54Collegio del Cambio,55Coreggio,54Fra Angelico,55Fiorenzo di Lorengo,54Giannicola,55Palazzo Pubblico,54Paul III., Pope,53Perugino,54,55,56Piazzi del Municipio,56Piazza Sopramuro,56Pinturicchio,55Prefeturra terrace,53Raphael,55San Domenico, church of,56San Lorenzo, cathedral of,54San Pietro, church of,56San Severo, church of,55POITIERSBattle of,164-166Black Prince,164Buch, Captal,165Coligny,167,168Churches,168Dukes of Aquitaine,168John of France,