PLATE II.

Plate IWyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Wyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Figs. 18Ato 22A. Old Scottish treble wooden tumbler lock (Patent Museum).

Fig. 18A. Front view.

Fig. 19A. Side view.

Fig. 20A. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 21A. Transverse section.

Fig.22A. Section through A B (fig. 21A).

Figs. 23Ato 25A. Wooden tumbler lock from Norway (Hazilius Museum, Stockholm).

Fig. 23A. Front view.

Fig. 24A. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 25A. Transverse section on A B.

Figs. 26Ato 28A. Wooden tumbler lock made by negroes of Jamaica (Museum, Kew Gardens).

Fig. 26A. Front view.

Fig. 27A. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 28A. Transverse section on A B.

Figs. 29Ato 31A. Wooden tumbler lock from British Guiana (ChristyCollection).

Fig. 29A. Front view.

Fig. 30A. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 31A. Transverse section.

Fig. 9B. Probable use of fig. 29B, Plate III., as a key for a single tumbler lock.

Figs. 10Bto 12B. Modern Egyptian wooden tumbler or pin-lock in use at the present time.

Fig. 10B. Longitudinal section showing pegs raised by key A preparatory to withdrawing the bolt B.

Fig. 11B. Key A.

Fig. 12B. Longitudinal section showing pegs down and bolt locked.

Plate IIWyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Wyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Figs. 13Band 14B. Modern wooden tumbler or pin-lock from Yarkand (India Museum).

Fig. 13B. Longitudinal section showing pegs raised by key A preparatory to withdrawing the bolt B.

Fig. 14B. Longitudinal section showing pegs down and bolt locked.

Figs. 15Bto 20B. Reproduction of Roman tumbler lock (Mainz Museum) (Lindenschmit).

Fig. 15B. Front view.

Fig. 16B. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 17B. Transverse section on C D.

Fig. 18B. Section through A B.

Fig. 19B. Bolt (top view).

Fig. 20B. Key.

a.Key.b.Bolt.c.Block,e.Hasp.f f.Tumblers.g.Spring.h.Plate of spring.

Fig. 21B. Ancient hasp from Hetternheim, Roman.

Fig. 22B. Bronze bolt from Oppenheim, Roman.

Fig. 23B. Bronze bolt from Heddernheim, Roman.

Fig. 24B. Iron key found in the River Rhine at Mayence, Roman.

Fig. 25B. Key for tumbler lock with ward plate, Roman ('La Ferronnerie').

Fig. 26B. Bolt for single tumbler found in the Forest of Compiègne, Roman ('La Ferronnerie').

Fig. 27B. Key to raise single tumbler lock found at Nonfous, Switzerland, Roman ('La Ferronnerie').

Fig. 28B. Modern pick-lock.

Fig. 29B. Key found in Germano-Roman tomb at Niderolm (probable use shown in fig. 9B, Plate II.).

Fig. 30Band Fig. 31B. Anglo-Saxon keys found at Sarr, in Kent ('Archæologia Cantiana').

Fig. 32Band Fig. 33B. Two keys from Bornholm, in the Baltic ('Mémoires de la Société Royale es Antiquaries du Nord').

Plate IIIWyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Wyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Fig. 34B. Key found at Caerwent, in Wales ("Isca Silurum").

Fig. 35Band Fig. 36B. Two keys found in Roman villa at Hartlip, Kent ('Collectanea Antiqua').

Fig. 37Band Fig. 38B. Two keys found at St. Pierre-en-Chastre, Oise. Gaulish. From drawings taken by Gen.Pitt-Rivers, in the Musée de Saint Germain.

Fig. 39B. Key found at Spettisbury, near Blandford. British. (British Museum.)

Fig. 40Band Fig. 41B. Two keys found in Mount Caburn Camp, near Lewes, by the Author. British. ('Archæologia.')

Fig. 42B. Key found in Cissbury Camp, Sussex. British. ('Journal Anthropological Institute.')

Fig. 43B. Represents the ancient mode of carrying keys on shoulder, adapted to the British key found in Caburn. (Fig. 41B.)

Figs. 1Cand 2C. Modern Scandinavian bolt and key ('La Ferronnerie').

Fig. 1C. Front view.

Fig. 2C. Transverse section on A B.

Figs. 3Cto 5C. Modern Scandinavian bolt and key, with spring A. From a model presented by Dr.Engelhardt, and used in Norway.

Fig. 3C. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 4C. Transverse section.

Fig. 5C. View showing keyhole.

Fig. 6Cand Fig. 7CTwo iron keys from Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne, France.

Fig. 8Cand Fig. 9CTwo iron keys from Colchester, Essex, ("Uriconium").

Fig. 10C. Iron key from Jordan Hill, near Weymouth.

Fig. 11C. Iron key from Caudebec-les Elbeuf ('La Ferronnerie').

Fig. 12C. Iron lock-plate found with above (fig. 11C).

Fig. 13Cand Fig. 14C. Two iron keys from Roman villa, at Hartlip, Kent ('Collectanea Antiqua').

Fig. 15Cand Fig. 16C, Fig. 17C. Three keys from Anglo-Saxon graves at Sarr, Kent ('Archæologia Cantiana').

Fig. 18C. Bronze key from Gotland, Iron Age ('Antiquités Suédoises').

Fig. 19Cand Fig. 20C. Two keys from Björkö, in the Gulf of Bothnia, 8th or 9th CenturyA.D.

Plate IVWyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Wyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Figs. 21Cand 22C. Portions of Roman padlock found at Jordan Hill, Weymouth.

Fig. 21C. Side view of lock-case and parallel bar.

Fig. 22C. Side view of bolt with spring catch.a.Bolt.b b.Perpendicular bars of boltc c.Rings to slip over parallel bard.e.Catch springs.f.Hole in tube through which bolt is passed.g.Key.

Figs. 23Cto 25C. Roman padlocks found at Great Chesterford, Essex ('Archæological Journal').

Fig. 23C. Side view of supposed original form.

Fig. 24C. Improved form showing bolt,a.

Fig. 25C. Improved form without bolt.

Figs. 26Cand 27C. Old Swedish padlock.

Fig. 26C. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 27C. Side view of bolt and springs.d.Parallel bar turning on hinge ath, and entering tube case atj.

Figs. 28Cto 30C. Old Russian bronze padlock, St. Petersburg ('La Ferronnerie').

Fig. 28C. Side view of bolt and springs.

Fig. 29C. Side view of tube case.

Fig. 30C. End of case showing aperture for springs.

Figs. 31Cand 32C. Old English fetterlock, from Epping, near London.

Fig. 31C. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 32C. Side view of bolt and springs A. Side and end views of key shown above.

Fig. 33C. Fragment of bolt with springs, found in rampart in excavations at the Norman Camp, Folkestone ('Archæologia').

Fig. 34C. Iron padlock found at Swanscombe, Kent, 15th Century ('Archæological Journal').

Fig. 35C. Longitudinal section (with key) of modern padlock, from Rushmore, Wiltshire, spiral spring action.

Fig. 36C. Side view of modern padlock, from Paris, spiral spring action.

Fig. 37C. Side view of modern padlock, from Germany, with spiral spring action.

Fig. 38C. Longitudinal section of modern handcuff, from Wiltshire, with spiral spring action, unlocked by a revolving key.

Plate VWyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Wyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Figs. 39Cto 41C. Padlock, from Paris, probably 17th Century, spring lock, unlocked by a revolving key.

Fig. 39C. Front view.

Fig. 40C. Transverse section.

Fig. 41C. Longitudinal section.

Figs. 42Cand 43C. Old iron padlock, from Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Fig. 42C. Front view.

Fig. 43C. Side view.

Figs. 44Cto 46C. Iron padlock, from the Gate of Moultan, India, of similar construction to the Roman padlock (India Museum).

Fig. 44C. Side view.

Fig. 45C. Side view of springs.

Fig. 46C. Side view of key.

Figs. 47Cand 48C. Modern iron padlock, from Cairo; the bolt entering a socket in the parallel bar.

Fig. 47C. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 48C. End and side views of key.

Figs. 49Cand 50C. Modern padlock from Cairo; key with lateral action.

Fig. 49C. Side view.

Fig. 50C. End view.

Figs. 51Cand 52C. Modern padlock from India; key with lateral action and ward; the bolt entering a socket in the parallel bar.

Fig. 51C. Side view.

Fig. 52C. End view.

Figs. 53Cto 55C. Modern padlock, from Myhere, India (India Museum).

Fig. 53C. Side view.

Fig. 54C. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 55C. Transverse section.

Figs. 56Cand 57C. Old Egyptian manacle.

Fig. 56C. Side view.

Fig. 57C. Longitudinal section.

Plate VIWyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Wyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Figs. 58Cto 60C. Modern padlock, from Abyssinia (British Museum), the bolt entering a socket in the parallel bar.

Fig. 58C. Side view.

Fig. 59C. Side view of bolt and springs.

Fig. 60C. Front view of key.

Figs. 61Cto 63C. Modern brass Chinese padlock.

Fig. 61C. Side view.

Fig. 62C. Side view of bolts and springs.

Fig. 63C. Transverse section.

Figs. 64Cto 67C. Modern brass padlock, from Yarkand (India Museum).

Fig. 64C. Side view.

Fig. 65C. Side view of bolts and springs.

Fig. 66C. Transverse section.

Fig. 67C. Longitudinal section (looking down).

Figs. 68Cto 70C. Modern steel lock, from Indore, India (India Museum).

Fig. 68C. Side view.

Fig. 69C. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 70C. End view (showing keyhole).

Figs. 71Cto 74C. Modern steel lock, from India (India Museum).

Fig. 71C. Side view.

Fig. 72C. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 73C. End view.

Fig. 74C. End and side view of key.

Plate VIIWyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Wyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Figs. 75Cto 77C. Modern padlock from Burmah, with screw ward (India Museum).

Fig. 75C. Side view.

Fig. 76C. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 77C. End view (showing keyhole).

Fig. 78C. Portion of modern padlock from Nuremberg, with screw ward. End view, showing keyhole, with side and end views of key to same.

Figs. 79Cto 81C. Modern steel lock from Indore, India, with spiral spring action (India Museum).

Fig. 79C. Side view.

Fig. 80C. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 81C. End view.

Figs. 82Cto 84C. Modern steel lock from India, with screw action (India Museum).

Fig. 82C. Side view.

Fig. 83C. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 84C. End view.

Figs. 85Cto 89C. Modern iron lock from Brussels, with screw action.

Fig. 85C. Side view.

Fig. 86C. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 87C. Side view of staple.

Fig. 88C. End view of staple.

Fig. 89C. Side view of key.

Figs. 90Cto 92C. Modern padlock from Toomkoor, Mysore, India, with spring action compressed by a revolving key (India Museum).

Fig. 90C. Side view.

Fig. 91C. Longitudinal section (looking down).

Fig. 92C. Side view of key.

Plate VIIIWyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Wyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Figs. 93Cto 97C. Modern Japanese brass padlocks.

Fig. 93C. Side view.

Fig. 94C. Side view of bolt and springs.

Fig. 95C. End view (showing keyhole).

Fig. 96C. Side and end view of key.

Fig. 97C. Side view (showing keyhole).

Figs. 98Cand 99C. Modern Japanese brass padlock, the springs compressed by a revolving key.

Fig. 98C. Side view (showing keyhole).

Fig. 99C. End view, with side view of key.

Figs. 100Cand 101C. Ancient bronze fish-shaped padlock ('La Ferronnerie'), believed to be from Egypt, in the Louvre, at Paris.

Fig. 100C. Side view.

Fig. 101C. Longitudinal section.

Figs. 102Cto 104C. Modern steel fish-shaped padlock, from India (India Museum).

Fig. 102C. Side view.

Fig. 103C. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 104C. End view of key.

Figs. 105 and 106. Ancient Roman bronze lock, in the form of a horse, belonging to Dr.John Evans, F.R.S.

Fig. 105C. Side view.

Fig. 106C. End, showing apertures for springs.

Figs. 107Cto 109C. Modern brass Chinese padlock in the form of a lion, the springs entering behind, belonging to Mr.Chubb.

Fig. 107C. Side view.

Fig. 108C. Side view of bolt and springs.

Fig. 109C. Front view, showing method of inserting the key.

Fig. 110C. Front view of iron padlock from Cairo, also in common use in Naples at the present time.

Fig. 111. Revolving key for raising tumblers, found in London ('La Ferronnerie').

Fig. 112. Revolving key for raising two tumblers, found in Lothbury, London ('Archæological Journal').

Plate IXWyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Wyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Figs. 113 to 116. Modern wooden tumbler lock, adapted to a revolving key, from India (India Museum).

Fig. 113. Front view. A, bolt.

Fig. 114. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 115. Transverse section.

Fig. 116. Key.

Figs. 117 to 121. Modern wooden Chinese tumbler lock, the tumblers raised by a T-shaped key; the bolt shot with a revolving key, or handle,a.

Fig. 117. Front view.

Fig. 118. Transverse section, A B.

Fig. 119. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 120. Top view of bolt.

Fig. 121. Top view of key.

Fig. 122. Roman iron key, found in London.

Fig. 123. Key from Chalons ('La Ferronnerie').

Fig. 124. Key from Museum at Saumur ('La Ferronnerie').

Fig. 125. Key from Museum at Saint Germain ('La Ferronnerie').

Fig. 126. Modern English latchkey.

Fig. 127. Lock with complex wards, used in the Middle Ages.

Figs. 128 to 130. Modern tumbler lock found at Funtley, Hants, belonging to Mr.Chubb.

Fig. 128. Longitudinal section.

Fig. 129. End view and section.

Fig. 130. Top view of bolt.

Fig. 131.Barron'stumbler lock (Tomlinson'On Locks and Keys').

Plate XWyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

Wyman & Sons, Printers, Gt. Queen St. London, W.C.

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