EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Represents the various forms ofPapilio Memnon(see pages 6 and 46). N.B. The left side of each figure shows the upper surface, and the right side the under surface of the same insect.

Fig. 1. A male, from Borneo (a slight local variety).

Fig. 2. A female, from Java (a variety likeP. Agenor, Cr.).

Fig. 3. A female, from Sumatra (a variety nearP. Anceus, Cr.). The last two are varieties of the 1st dimorphic form of female in this species.

Fig. 4. A female, from Java (P. Achates, Cr.). The 2nd dimorphic form of female ofPapilio Memnon.

Represents the various forms ofPapilio Pammon(figs. 1, 3, 5, and 6) andP. Theseus(figs. 2, 4, and 7). (See pages 6, 7, 51, 52, and 53.) N.B. The left side of each figure shows the upper surface, and the right side the under surface of the same insect.

Fig. 1.Papilio Pammon; a male, from Malacca.

Fig. 3. The first form of female, closely resembling the male, from India.

Fig. 5. The second form of female (P. Polytes, L.), from Singapore. This is the most common and widely distributed form of female, occurring everywhere with the male.

Fig. 6. The third form of female (P. Romulus, Cr.), from India.

Fig. 2.Papilio Theseus, the first form of female, almost exactly resembling the male, from Timor. This form is very rare.

Fig. 4. The second form of female, from Timor.

Fig. 7. The third form of female (P. Theseus, Cr.), from Sumatra. The second and third forms of female seem about equally plentiful, but are generally confined to separate islands. A fourth form of female (P. Melanides, De Haan) would have been figured, but could not be brought on to the plate. (See pages 7 and 53.)

Represents the various forms ofPapilio Ormenus(see pages 8, 55, and 56). N.B. The left side of each figure shows the upper surface, and the right side the under surface of the same insect.

Fig. 2. A male, from the island of Goram.

Fig. 1. The first form of female, from Waigiou.

Fig. 3. The second form of female, from Waigiou.

Fig. 4. The third form of female (P. Amanga, Bd.), from the island of Goram.

Represents two species allied toPapilio Ormenus, but whose females are notdimorphic(see pages 57 and 58). N.B. The left side of each figure shows the upper surface, and the right side the under surface of the same insect.

Fig. 1. A female ofPapilio Adrastus, peculiar to the island of Banda (see page 57).

Fig. 3.Papilio Tydeus; a male, from Batchian.

Fig. 2. The female ofPapilio Tydeus, exhibiting a single permanent form confined to a small group of islands (Batchian and Gilolo), intermediate between the two forms ofPapilio Ormenus♀ which are represented on Plate III. figs. 3 and 4.

Represents several new species of Papilio, illustrating “local variation.” N.B. The right side of each figure shows the upper surface, and the left side the under surface of the same insect.

Fig. 1. The male ofPapilio Noctis, from Borneo (see page 41). The female was figured by Mr. Hewitson in the ‘Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London,’ 1859, plate 66. fig. 5.

Fig. 2.Papilio Leodamas, male, from Mysol (see page 42).

Fig. 3.Papilio Hecuba, male, from Celebes (see pages 16 and 50).

Fig. 4.Papilio Pertinax, male, from Celebes (see page 49).

Fig. 5.Papilio Albinus, male, from New Guinea (see page 49).

Represents four species not before figured, belonging to the most brilliantly coloured group of Eastern Papilios, and illustrating local modifications of form. N.B. The right side shows the upper surface, and the left side the under surface of the same insect.

Fig. 1.Papilio Pericles, male, from Timor (see page 45).

Fig. 2.Papilio Macedon, male, from Celebes (see page 45). This species exhibits in a marked manner the strongly arched wings characteristic of those from Celebes, as contrasted with those represented at figs. 1 and 3, from other islands (see pages 16, 17 and 18).

Fig. 3.Papilio Philippus, female, from Ceram (see page 45).

Fig. 4.Papilio Blumei, male, from the north of Celebes (see page 46). This also exhibits the arched wing, as compared with its ally from the Moluccas (fig. 3).

Plate VII.

Represents six remarkable species of Papilio not before figured. N.B. Except in fig. 1, the right side shows the upper surface, and the left side the under surface of the same insect.

Fig. 1.Papilio Thule, male. The upper surfaces of two varieties or local forms of this species are figured. The right side represents the form found in New Guinea, the left side that obtained in Waigiou. It resemblesDanais sobrina, Bd., which inhabits the same countries, and varies in a somewhat similar manner (see pages 20 and 63).

Fig. 3.Papilio Ænigma, male, from Sumatra (see page 60). This species was named as above, from its puzzling resemblance toPapilio Paradoxa, which is found in the same districts. Both species appear to mimicEuplœa Midamus(see page 20).

Fig. 2.Papilio Miletus, male, from Celebes (see page 65). This species and the next exhibit in a striking manner the abruptly curved wing peculiar to Celebes. Figs. 5 and 6 represent species almost equally remarkable in this respect.

Fig. 4.Papilio Telephus, male, from Celebes (see page 67).

Fig. 5.Papilio Androcles, male, from Celebes (see page 63).

Fig. 6.Papilio Gigon, female, from Celebes (see page 59).

Illustrates, by comparative outlines of the anterior wings, the local modification of form in the Papilios of Celebes as compared with those of the surrounding islands. In each pair of outlines, the upper one represents a species peculiar to Celebes, while the one beneath it shows the most closely allied species or variety from any of the surrounding islands. (For details, see page 16.) The following are the names of the species:—

Fig. 1.Papilio Gigon, from Celebes;P. Demolion, from Java.

Fig. 2.Papilio Macedon, from Celebes;P. Peranthus, from Java.

Fig. 3.Papilio Androcles, from Celebes;P. Antiphates, from Borneo.

Fig. 4.Papilio Telephus, from Celebes;P. Jason, from Sumatra.

Fig. 5.Papilio Miletus, from Celebes;P. Sarpedon, from Java.

Fig. 6.Papilio Agamemnon, var., from Celebes;P. Agamemnon, var., from Sumatra.

Trans Linn Soc. Vol. XXV Tab 1

Trans Linn Soc Vol XXV Tab 2.

Trans Linn Soc Vol XXV Tab. 3.J. O. Westwood, del. Day & Son, lithrsto the Queen.

Trans Linn Soc Vol XXV Tab 4

Trans Linn. Soc., Vol. XXV, Tab 5J. O. Westwood, del. Vincent Brooks, Imp.

PLATE VI.

Fig. 1.Papilio Pericles, male, from Timor (see page 45).

Fig. 3.Papilio Philippus, female, from Ceram (see page 45).

Fig. 4.Papilio Blumei, male, from the north of Celebes (see page 46). This also exhibits the arched wing, as compared with its ally from the Moluccas (fig. 3).

Wallace, A. R., “On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidæ of the Malayan region,”The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, V. 25, 1866, p. 1–71.

Trans Linn Soc. Vol XXV, Tab 6J. O. Westwood, del. Vincent Brooks, Imp

Trans Linn Soc. Vol XXV, Tab 7.J. O. Westwood, del. Vincent Brooks, Imp

Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol XXV., Tab. 8J. O. Westwood, del. Vincent Brooks, Imp

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTESPageChanged fromChanged to75Trans Linn Soc Vol XXV TabTrans Linn Soc Vol XXV Tab 2.Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained.Used numbers for footnotes.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

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