English.Fall-Indian of Umfreville.Ahnenin.Minetare.eyenunnecsoonaraythyaishtah.knifewarthwahatamatzee.pipepechouoneinpssaheekeepee.tobaccocheesouonkitchtawanowpai.doghudtherahttahmatshuga.fireusitter——beerais.bowbart——beerahhah.arrowutcee——eetan.onekarci——lemoisso.twoneecenethiyaunoopah.threenarce——namee.fourneanyahnayautopah.fiveyautune——cheehoh.sixneteartuce——acamai.sevennesartuce——chappo.eightnarswartuce——nopuppee.nineanharbetwartuce——nowassappai.tenmettartucenetassapeeraga.
The Ahnenin language, without being at present referable to any recognized group, has numerous miscellaneous affinities.
EnglishGod.Ahneninesis—sun.Sheshatapooshshayshoursh.Passamaquoddysaisos.Englishhair.Ahneninbetamnita.Caddobaat.Tacullipitsa—head.Uchepseotan—head.Englishear.Ahneninetah.Esquimauxheutinga.——tsheeutik.——shudik.Knistenauxotowegu.Ojibbewayottowug.Micmachadowugan.Massachusettswehtoughh.Narragansetswuttowwog.Delawarewittauk.Miamitawakeh.Shawnoetowakah.Omohawneetah.Osagenaughta.Quappanottah.Englishnose.Ahneninhusi.Old Algonkinyash.Massachusettswutch.Englishmouth.Ahneninockya.Osageehaugh.Natchezheche.Englishfingers.Ahneninnaha.Onondagoseniage.Englishblood.Ahneninbarts.Caddobaaho.Englishhand.Ahneninikickan.Pawneeiksheeree.Muskogeinnkke.Catawbaeeksapeeah.Mohawkoochsoochta.English.leg.Ahneninnunaha.Sack and Foxnenanah.Caddodanuna—foot.Englishman.Ahneninneehato—white man——watamahat—black? manTuscaroraaineehau.Nottowayeniha.Senecaungouh.Wyandotaingahon.Mohawkoonguich.Dacotaweetschahskta.Englishgirl.Ahneninwahtah.Dacotaweetsheeahnah.Yanctonweetchinchano.Yanctonweetachnong—daughter.Osagewetongah—sister.Englishwife.Ahneninetha.Kenayssióo.Englishwater.Ahneninnitsa.Quappanih.Uchetsach.Englishsun.Ahneninesis.Algonkinkesis.Choctawhashe.Ohikkasawhusha.Muskogehahsie.Englishrock.Ahneninhannike.Winebagoeenee.Dacotaeeang.Yanctoneeyong.Mohawkoonoyah.Onondagoonaja.Englishwood.Ahneninbess.Passamaquoddyapass—tree.Abenakiabassi—tree.Englishbear.Ahneninwussa.Quappawassah.Osagewasauba.Omahawwassabai.Englishdog.Ahneninahttah.——hudther.Sheshatapooshattung.Abenakiattie.Tuscaroratcheer.Nottowaycheer.Englishelk.Ahneninwussea.Miamimusuoh—deer.Illinoismousoah—deer.Englishbad.Ahneninwahnatta.Mohawkwahpateku.Onondagoswahethe.Oneidawahetka.Englishgood.Ahneninetah.Caddohahut—handsome.Englishme,mine.Ahneninnistow.Blackfootniste—I.Englishyou.Ahneninahnan.Kenaynan.Englishto-day.Ahneninwananaki.Mohawkkuhhwanteh.Onondagosneucke.Englishto-morrow.Ahneninnacah.Tchuktchiunako.——unniok.Choctawonaha.Englishmany.Ahneninukaka.Mohawkawquayakoo.Senecakawkuago.Englishdrink.Ahneninnahbin.Osagenebnatoh.Englishsleep.Ahneninnuckcoots.Abenakinekasi.Mohawkyihkootos.Onondagosagotawi.Senecawanuhgoteh.Englishtwo.Ahneninneece.Passamaquoddynes.Abenakiniss.Massachusettsneese.Narragansetsneesse.Mohicanneesoh.Montaugnees.——neeze.Adaizenass.Englishthree.Ahneninnarce.Abenakinash.Narragansetsnish.Englishfour.Ahneninnean.——yahnayau.Ojibbewaynewin.Ottawaniwin.Knistenauxnayo.Old Algonkinneyoo.Sheshatapooshnaou.Massachusettsyaw.Narragansetsyoh.Englishsix.Ahneninnekitukujan.Knistenauxnegotoahsik.Ojibbewaygotoasso.——nigouta waswois.Ottawaningotowaswi.Abenakinegudaus.Montaugnacuttah.
The Blackfoot.—Of this language we have three vocabularies; a short one by Umfreville, a short one in Mr. Catlin's work, and the longer and more important one in Mr. Gallatin's manuscripts. The three vocabularies represent the same language. Its affinities are miscellaneous; more however with the Algonkin tongues than with those of the other recognized groups.
Englishwoman.Blackfootahkeya.Old Algonkinickweh.Ottawauque.Delawareokhqueh.——khqeu.Nanticokeacquahique.Illinoisickoe.Shawnoeequiwa.Saukikwoyikih.Cherokeeageyung.Woccoonyecauau.Englishboy.Blackfootsacoomahpa.Upsarokaskakkatte.English.girl.Blackfootahkaquoin.Catawbayahwachahu.Englishchild.Blackfootpokah.Upsarokabakkatte.Englishfather.Blackfootonwa.Senecahanee.Englishhusband.Blackfootohmah.Esquimauxoemah.Englishdaughter.Blackfootnetan.Knistenauxnetannis.Ojibbewaynindanis.——nedannis.Ottawatanis.Massachusettsnutannis.Narragansetsnittannis.Illinoistahana.Sack and Foxtanes.Ucheteyunung.Englishbrother.Blackfootnausah.Passamaquoddynesiwas.Abenakinitsie.Englishhead.Blackfoototoquoin.Old Algonkinoostiquan.Sheshatapooshstoukoan.Ojibbewayoostegwon.Knistenauxistegwen.——ustequoin.Englishnose.Blackfootokissis.Menomenioocheeush.Englishneck.Blackfootohkokin.Miamikwaikaneh.Sack and Foxnekwaikaneh.Englishhand.Blackfootokittakis.Esquimauxiyuteeka.——tikkiek—fingers.Englishleg.Blackfootohcat.Ojibbewayokat.Knistenauxmiskate.Sheshatapooshneescatch.Massachusettsmuhkout.Menomenioakauut.Englishfeet.Blackfootoaksakah.Wyandotochsheetau.Mohawkoochsheeta.Onondagoochsita.Senecaoochsheeta.Oneydaochsheecht.Nottowayseeke—toes.Englishbone.Blackfootohkinnah.Knistenauxoskann.Ojibbewayokun.Ottawaokunnum.Miamikanih.Massachusettsuskon.Narragansetswuskan.Shawnoeochcunne.Sack and Foxokaneh.Menomeniokunum.Englishkettle.Blackfooteske.Knistenauxaskick.Ojibbewayakkeek.Englishshoes.Blackfootatsakin.Mohawkohtaquah.Senecaauhtoyuawohya.Nottowayotawgwag.Englishbread.Blackfootksaquonats.Mohicantauquauh.Shawnoetaquanah.Englishspring.Blackfootmotoe.Osagepaton.Englishsummer.Blackfootnapoos.Knistenauxnepin.Ojibbewayneebin.——nipin.Ottawanipin.Sheshatapooshneepun.Micmacnipk.Abenakinipéné.Massachusettsnepun.Narragansetsneepun.Mohicannepoon.Delawarenipen.Miaminipeenueh.Shawnoenepeneh.Sack and Foxneepenweh.Menomenineeaypeenaywaywah.Englishhail.Blackfootsahco.Knistenauxsasagun.Ojibbewaysasaigan.Sheshatapooshshashaygan.Englishfire.Blackfootesteu.Mohicanstauw.Englishwater.Blackfootohhkeah.Chikkasawuckah.Attacapaak.Englishice.Blackfootsacoocootah.Esquimauxsikkoo.Tchuktchitshikuta.Englishearth.Blackfootksahcoom.Knistenauxaskee.Ojibbewayahkee.Ottawaaki.Old Algonkinackey.——ackwin.Englishlake.Blackfootomah sekame.Knistenauxsakiegun.Ojibbewaysahgiegun.Shawnoemskaque.Englishisland.Blackfootmane.Upsarokaminne—water.——minneteekah—lake.——minnepeshu—island.Knistenauxministick.Ojibbewayminnis.Old Algonkinminis.Passamaquoddymuniqu.Abenakimenahan.Mohicanmnauhan.Delawaremenokhtey.——menatey.Miamimenahanweh.Menomenimeenayish.Englishrock, stone.Blackfootohcootoke.Nottowayohhoutahk.Englishtree.Blackfootmasetis.Ojibbewaymetik.Old Algonkinmetiih.Sheshatapooshmistookooah.Massachusettsmehtug.Englishgrass.Blackfootmahtooyaase.Miamimetahkotuck.Quappamontih.Englishleaf.Blackfootsoyapoko.Massachusettswunnepog.Narragansetswunnepog.Mohicanwunnepok.Miamimetshipakwa.Sack and Foxtatapacoan.Menomeniahneepeeoakunah.Englishbeaver.Blackfootkakestake.Esquimauxkeeyeeak.Englishwolf.Blackfootmahcooya.Esquimauxamaok.Knistenauxmyegun.Ojibbewaymieengun.——maygan.Old Algonkinmahingan.Massachusettsmuckquoshin.Narragansetsmuckquashin.Miamimuhkwaiauch.Englishbird.Blackfootpakesa.Massachusettspsukses.Narragansetspeasis.Englishegg.Blackfootohwas.Taculliogaze.Kenaykquasa.Cherokeeoowatse.Salishooseh.Englishgoose.Blackfootemahkiya.Menomenimckawk.Englishpartridge.Blackfootkatokin.Nanticokekitteawndipqua.Englishred.Blackfootmohisenum.Massachusettsmisqueh.Englishyellow.Blackfootohtahko.Esquimauxtoongook.——tshongak.Knistenauxasawwow.Ojibbewayozawa.——ojawa.Old Algonkinoozao.Sack and Foxossawah.Menomenioashahweeyah.Englishgreat.Blackfootohmohcoo.Micmacmechkilk.Mohicanmakauk.Englishsmall.Blackfootenahcootse.Upsarokaecat.Englishstrong.Blackfootmiskappe.Knistenauxmascawa.Ojibbewaymachecawa.Old Algonkinmasshkawa.Nanticokemiskiu.Englishwarm.Blackfootkazetotzu.Knistenauxkichatai.——kisopayo.Ojibbewaykezhoyah.Ottawakeshautta.Old Algonkinakishattey.Passamaquoddykesipetai.Massachusettskussutan.Narragansetskssetauwou.EnglishI.Blackfootnisto.Chipewyanne.Knistenauxnitha.——neya.Ojibbewayneen, nin.Old Algonkinnir.Sheshatapooshneele.Micmacnil.Illinoisnira.Ahneninnistow.Englishthou.Blackfootchristo.Knistenauxkitha.Ojibbewaykeen, kin.Old Algonkinkir.Micmackil.Illinoiskira.Englishthis,that.Blackfootkanakha.Upsarokakinna.Nanticokeyoukanna.Englishto-day.Blackfootanookchusiquoix.Knistenauxanoutch.Onondagoneuchke.Englishyesterday.Blackfootmahtone.Dacotatanneehah.Englishdrink.Blackfootsemate.Upsarokasmimmik.Englishspeak.Blackfootapooyatz.Upsarokabidow.Englishsing.Blackfootanihkit.Knistenauxnecummoon.Ojibbewaynugamoo.Sheshatapooshnekahmoo.Illinoisnacamohok.Menomenineekaumeenoon.Englishsleep.Blackfootokat.Mohawkyihkootos.Onondagoagotawi.Senecawanuhgoteh.Englishkill.Blackfootenikke.Abenakinenirke.
The Blackfoot numerals, as given by Mackenzie and Umfreville, slightly differ. The termination in-umruns through the numerals of Fitz-Hugh Sound, an Oregon language.
English.Blackfoot ofUmfreville.Blackfoot ofMackenzie.Fitz-Hugh Sound.onetokescumsanimscum.twonartokescumnahtokamalscumthreenohokescumnahhokautascum.fournesweumnasowemoozcum.fivenesittwinesittothikaescum.sixnaynowwekitliscum.sevenkitsicakitsecumatloopooscum.eightnarnesweumnahnissowemalknaskum.ninepickseepakesonanooskim.tenkeepeykepohighio.
2. nekty,Tuscarora; tiknee,Seneca; teghia,Oneida; dekanee,Nottoway; tekini,Otto.
3. noghoh,Mohican; nakha,Delaware.
5. nthsysta,Mohawk; sattou,Quappa; satta,Osage,Omahaw; sata,Otto; sahtsha,Minetare.
7. tzauks,Kawitchen,Noosdalum.
10. kippio,Chimmesyan.
The Crow and Mandan Languages.—Of the important language of the Upsarokas or Crows the Archæologia Americana contains only thirty words. Of the Mandan we have, in the same work, nothing beyond the names of ten chiefs. In Gallatin's classification these tribes are dealt with as subdivisions of the Minetare nation. Now the Minetare are of the Sioux or Dacota family.
Between the Mandan vocabulary of Mr. Catlin and the Crow vocabulary of Gallatin's MSS. there are the following words in common. The affinity seems less close than it is generally stated to be: still the two languages appear to be Sioux. This latter point may be seen in the second table.
English.Mandan.Crow.Godmahhopenetasakahbooatta.sunmenakhaa'hhhiza.moonesto menakhaminnatatche.starsh'kakaekieu.rainh'kahoosthannah.snowcopcazemakkoupah—hail.riverpassahahahesu.dayhampahmaupah.nightestogroche.darkhampaheriskahchippusheka.lightedayhushthieshe.womanmehameyakatte.wifemoorsemoah.childsookhomahabakkatte.girlsookmehameyakatte.boysooknumohkshakkatte.headpanmarshaa.legsdokabuchoope.eyesestumemeishta.moutheaea.nosepahoobuppa.faceestahesa.earsnakohauppa.handonkabuschie.fingersonkahabuschie.footsheebusche.hairhahheemasbeah.canoemenankomaheshe.fishpohbooah.bearmahtoduhpitsa.wolfharattachata.dogmones warootabiska.buffaloptemdaybisha.elkomepaheitchericazzse.deermahmanacooohha.beaverwarrappabiruppe.shoehoompahhoompe.bowwarraenoopahbistuheeah.arrowmahhaahnailz.pipeehudkaompsa.tobaccomannashahopa.goodshushuitsicka.badk'hecushkubbeek.hotdsasoshahre.coldshincehushhootshere.Imebe.thounede.heena.wenoobero.theyeonahmihah.1mahhannahamutcat.2nompahnoomcat.3namarynamenacat.4tohhashopecat.5kakhoochihhocat.6kemahahcamacat.7koopahsappoah.8tatuckanoompape.9mahpaahmuttappe.10perugperakuk.
EnglishGod.Mandanmahhoppeneta.Winebagomahahnah.Minetaremanhopa.Algonkinmarutoo.Englishsun.Mandanmenahka.Omahawmeencajai.Caddomanoh—light.Englishstar.Mandanh'kaka.Quappamihcacheh.Ottopeekahhai.Omahawmeecaai.Minetareeekah.Englishday.Mandanhampah eriskah.Winebagohaunip.——haumpeehah.Dacotaanipa.Yanctonaungpa.Osagehompaye.Ottohangwai.Omahawombah.Minetaremahpaih.Englishwoman.Mandanmeha.Yanctonweeah.Omahawwaoo.Minetaremeeyai.Iowaymega.Englishchild.Mandansookhomaha.Quappaschehjinka.Ottocheechingai.Omahawshingashinga.Englishhead.Mandanpan.Dacotapah.Yanctonpah.Quappapahhih.Omahawpah.Englisharms.Mandanarda.Minetarearrough.Pawneeheeeeru.Englishleg.Mandandoka.Quappajaccah.Osagesagaugh.Englisheyes.Mandanestume.Dacotaishta.Yanctonishtah.Quappainschta.Otto &c.ishta.Englishmouth.Mandanea.Sioux passimea.Englishnose.Mandanpahoo.Sioux passimpah.Englishface.Mandanestah.Dacotaeetai.Yanctoneetai.Minetareetah.Englishears.Mandannakoha.Winebagonahchahwahhah.Yanctonnougkopa.Osagenaughta.Englishhands.Mandanonka.Nottowaynunke.Tuscaroraohehneh.Menomenioanah.Miamienahkee.Englishfingers.Mandanonkahah.Onondagoeniage.Wyandoteyingia.Tchuktchiainhanka.Englishfoot.Mandanshee.Siouxsih.Pawneeashoo.Tuscarorauhseh.Englishhair.Mandanpahhee.Siouxpahee.Englishfish.Mandanpoh.Minetareboa.Siouxho, hough.Englishbeaver.Mandanwarappah.Minetaremeerapa.Ottorawaiy.Englishdeer.Mandanmahmanaco.Yanctontamindoca.Englishhouse.Mandanote.Iowaytshe.Englishbow.Mandanwarraenoopah.Minetarebeerahhah.Tuscaroraawraw.Englisharrow.Mandanmahha.Siouxmong, ma.Englishshoe.Mandanhoompah.Dacotahanipa.Quappahonpeh.Minetareopah.Englishbad.Mandank'hecush.Dacotasheecha.Englishcold.Mandanshineekush.Winebagoseeneehee.Siouxsnee.Englishno.Mandanmegosh.Tuscaroragwush.EnglishI.Mandanme.Dacotameeah.Minetaremeeee.Quappavieh.Osageveca.Englishthou.Mandanne.Winebagoney.Dacotaneeah.Minetarenehe.Englishhe.Mandane.Dacotaeeah.Englishwe.Mandannoo.Winebago.neehwahkiaweeno.Onondagoni.Knistenauxneou.Englishone.Mandanmahhannah.Osageminche.Omahawmeeachchee.Englishtwo.Mandannompah.Siouxnompa, noopa.Uchenowah.Englishthree.Mandannamary.Minetarenamee.Englishfour.Mandantohha.Siouxtopah, tuah.Englishfive.Mandankakhoo.Minetarecheehoh.Muskogechahgkie.Englishsix.Mandankemah.Minetareacamai.Englishseven.Mandankoopah.Minetarechappo.Englisheight.Mandantatucka.Senecatikkeugh.Mohawksohtayhhko.Englishten.Mandanperug.Minetareperagas.
The Riccaree Language.—In Balbi and in the Mithridates, the Riccaree is stated to be a dialect of the Pawnee; but no words are given of it: hence the evidence is inconclusive. Again, the term Pawnee is equivocal. There are tribes called Pawnees on the river Platte, and tribes called Pawnees on the Red river of Texas. Of the last nation we have no vocabulary; they appear however to be different from the first, and are Pawneesfalsely so called.
Of the Riccaree we have but one vocabulary (Catlin's North American Indians, vol. ii.); it has the following words common with thetruePawnee list of Say in the Archæologia Americana, vol. ii.