PLATE VII ONCIDIUM MARSHALLIANUMPLATE VIIONCIDIUM MARSHALLIANUM
Comparettia.—These are small-growing epiphytes. Grow in small baskets or hanging pans in the intermediate house.C. falcata, red,C. macroplectron, pale rose; spotted; andC. speciosa, scarlet, are the best species.
Colax.—A small genus of cool-house Orchids allied to Lycaste, and requiring similar treatment.C. jugosushas been crossed with Zygopetalums with good results.
Coryanthes.—These are similar in habit to Stanhopea. The plants should be grown in baskets suspended in the intermediate house. The structure of the large, fleshy flowers is most remarkable, and some interesting particulars relating to their fertilisation by insect aid have been recorded in theGardeners' Chronicle(July 17, 1897, p. 31).
Cycnoches.—Of similar habit and requirements to Catasetum. The plants are best grown in baskets and suspended. They should be rested cool and dry with the deciduous Dendrobiums.C. chlorochilon(Swan Orchid),C. Egertonianum,C. Loddigesii,C. maculatum,C. peruvianum, andC. pentadactylonare fine species.
Cymbidium.—These are showy, large-growing Orchids for the intermediate house or warm conservatory. Pot the plants in equal proportions of fibrous loam, peat, and Sphagnum-moss.C. giganteum,C. Lowianum,C. grandiflorum, andC. Tracyanumare the most commonly grown.C. eburneum,C. Mastersii,C. insigne, andC. erythrostylumare fine, white species, the latter two with rose markings on the lip. There are numerous hybrids.C. Lowio-eburneum, a cross fromC. Lowianum, andC. eburneumis illustrated inPlate VI.
Cynorchis.—Terrestrial Orchids from Tropical Africa and Madagascar, requiring to be grown in the warm house in moist and shady conditions. The flowers are generally of rose colour.
Cypripedium.—This is one of the largest, most useful, and most prolific genera, which, although commonly known in gardens as Cypripedium, may be divided into several distinct classes. Most of those generally known in gardens as Cypripediums have been termed Paphiopedilum, includingC. barbatum, andC. Rothschildianum, and the green-leafed class, more commonly known in gardens as Selenipedium, are now termed Phragmopedilum. The name Cypripedium, however, has so firm a hold on cultivators that it is convenient to retain it in gardening handbooks.
The Cypripediums have very numerous hybrids, and their numbers increase annually. An enumeration is therefore impossible within the scope of this work. All require to be treated as terrestrial Orchids, a proportion of fibrous loam (see the chapter on potting terrestrial Orchids) being added in proportion to the strength of the subject, the largest proportion being given to the strongest growers. The Selenipedium, or green-leafed section, should be potted in fibrous loam, with a sprinkling of leaves and Sphagnum-moss.C. insigne,C. Spicerianum,C. Charlesworthii, and others of the class, also hybrids of them, may be grown in the cool house.C. Rothschildianum,C. Stonei, and the whole of that section require the highest temperature, but all may be grown successfully in an intermediate house.C. insigne Sanderæis illustrated inPlate I.
Cyrtopodium.—A strong-growing genus needing to be grown in the intermediate house. The plants should be potted as terrestrial Orchids.C. punctatumis the showiest and most easily grown species.
Dendrobium.—One of the largest and most decorative genera of epiphytal Orchids, comprising several hundredspecies and a large number of hybrids. Primarily the genus may be divided into two classes—the evergreen; and the deciduous, which lose their leaves after the completion of the growths, and should have a protracted dry resting season. The evergreen species have a shorter and less rigorous resting season accorded them. The deciduous class is exemplified byD. nobile,D. Wardianum,D. crassinode, and the plants associated with them, and their hybrids; and the evergreen species byD. densiflorum,D. Farmeri, andD. chrysotoxum.D. Wardianum, with 264 flowers, is illustrated inPlate III.
Next, the genus may be divided into two further classes—those requiring a high temperature, such asD. Phalænopsis,D. superbum,D. atro-violaceum, &c.; and those which may be grown comparatively cool, which includeD. speciosum(an excellent plant for a sunny conservatory),D. moniliformefrom Japan,D. aggregatum,D. Jenkinsii, and many others. All the species require a high temperature, moist atmosphere, and an abundance of water during the growing season, but should be kept drier and cooler after the growth is completed to prepare them for flowering. The species with pendulous growths should be grown in baskets or suspended pans.
Diacrium.—A section of Epidendrum, with hollow pseudo-bulbs, and white, wax-like flowers.D. bicornutumis a very fine species for the warm house.
Disa.—A genus of terrestrial Orchids from Africa, best represented in gardens by the fine ScarletDisa grandiflora, which, with the others of its section,D. racemosaandD. tripetaloides, have produced many beautiful hybrids. These are cool-house plants, and should be potted in a mixtureof peat, Sphagnum-moss, sand, and loam fibre. They are increased by offsets, and, when repotted soon after the flowering season, the strong growths should be potted on for flowering, and the smaller ones placed together in store pans. Free drainage should be provided, and the plants liberally watered until they flower. After this stage, cultivation in a cold frame for a few weeks before repotting and returning the plants to the cool house will benefit them.
TheD. graminifoliaor Blue Disa section do not increase by stolons. They are heath plants, and should be potted in sandy peat, and kept quite dry when they lose their leaves.
Epidendrum.—There are over 400 known species of this genus.E. vitellinumis a fine orange-coloured, cool-house species. All may be grown in the intermediate house.E. O'Brienianum,E. radicans, andE. Boundiiare fine plants for covering the ends of houses and back walls.
Eria.—An interesting genus, comprising many curious, and some very pretty species. They are epiphytes, and should be grown in the intermediate house. The deciduous species need to be kept dry when at rest.
Eriopsis.—These are epiphytal Orchids from South America. They should be grown in the intermediate house, and they need moisture and shade.E. bilobaandE. rutidobulbonare the best-known species.
Eulophia.—A large genus in which both evergreen and terrestrial plants are represented. Grow them in the intermediate house.
Eulophiella.—The genus includes two species from Madagascar,E. Elisabethæ, white, andE. Peetersiana, rose. Grow them in a moist position of the warm house, giving them a liberal supply of rain-water.
Galeandra.—These are deciduous epiphytes, needing similar cultivation to Catasetum.
Gomeza.—Allied to Odontoglossum. The flowers are yellowish, and are produced in racemes. Intermediate-house plants.
Gongora.—Intermediate-house Orchids, which should be grown in baskets or suspending pans to allow of the full production of their long flower-spikes.
Grammatophyllum.—A genus of strong-growing epiphytal Orchids for the warm house.G. speciosumis a gigantic Malayan species.
Grobya.—Brazilian Orchids represented byG. galeataandG. Amherstiæ. Intermediate house.
Habenaria.—Terrestrial Orchids.H. militarisandH. rhodocheilaare bright scarlet;H. carnea, flesh colour;H. Susannæ,H. Bonatea, andH. Ugandæ, tall-growing, green and white. The two latter species will grow in a cool house; the others need greater warmth. The North American species are nearly hardy, and may be grown in a frame.
Houlletia.—Fragrant epiphytal Orchids from South America. Intermediate house.
Ionopsis.—Pretty, slender, white and lilac species. Grow in small baskets in the intermediate house.
Lælia.—One of the largest and showiest genera, great favourites in gardens, and fine subjects in the hands of the hybridiser. The Mexican speciesL. anceps,L. autumnalis,L. albida, &c., used to be allotted a special dryish intermediate house, but they are now usually grown in the intermediate or Cattleya house, and rested in a cooler vinery or corridor. All the species require the same treatment as Cattleya.
Liparis.—A genus of dwarf Orchids chiefly of botanical interest. Intermediate house.
Lissochilus.—Showy terrestrial Orchids, chiefly from South and Tropical Africa. They should be grown in warm or cool conditions according to their habitats.L. KrebsiiandL. speciosusare two handsome, cool-house species;L. giganteus,L. Horsfallii, and others of this class require a warm house. Being marshy plants, they need weak, liquid manure when growing.
Lueddemannia.—A fine genus of strong, Acineta-like growth and pendulous racemes of bronzy-orange coloured flowers. The growths are three to five feet in length. The best species areL. Lehmannii,L. Pescatorei, andL. triloba. Grow in baskets suspended in intermediate house.
Luisia.—Terete-leafed Orchids that may be grown in the warm house with the Aërides.
Lycaste.—Most of the species thrive in the cool end of the intermediate house. They have been grown successfully in a compost in which decayed leaves formed the principal ingredient, the remainder being either Sphagnum-moss, loam fibre, or peat, with a little sand or fine crocks added. In some collectionsL. Skinneriand some of the other species are grown in the cool house. All the species require to be kept as cool as possible in summer.
Masdevallia.—Dwarf, tufted plants, with pretty and varied flowers, from high ranges in South America. They should be grown in the cool or Odontoglossum house. Pot them in equal proportions of Sphagnum-moss and peat, with a little sand and fine crocks. The species ofM. chimærasection should be grown in suspending baskets or pans, and given a rather warmer situation than those ofthe showierM. Harryana(coccinea) andM. Veitchianasections, being placed in the cool end of the intermediate house in winter.M. tridactylites,M. O'Brieniana,M. ionocharis, and many others form an interesting section of dwarf Orchids, with singular, insect-like flowers. The Masdevallias require to be kept moist all the year, and are benefited by occasional division when being repotted in spring or late summer.
Maxillaria.—An extensive genus, widely distributed in South America, and extending to the West Indies. All the species are intermediate-house plants, requiring the ordinary potting material for epiphytes. The flowers are varied in form and colour from the whiteM. grandifloraandM. venustato the large claret-blotchedM. Sanderiana. Many of the species have fragrant flowers.
Megaclinium.—A singular genus from Tropical Africa, closely allied to Bulbophyllum, their chief characteristic being the singular flat rachis of the inflorescence, which bears a single row of insect-like, brownish flowers on each side.M. Bufo, the type species, is probably not now in gardens.M. falcatumis the commonest, andM. purpureorachis,M. triste, and several other species are sometimes seen. They should be grown in the warm house in baskets or pans.
Microstylis.—The species of Microstylis should be grown as terrestrial Orchids in Sphagnum-moss and peat, with fine crocks added. Rest the deciduous species in dry and cooler conditions.
Miltonia.—The Miltonias are compact-growing South American epiphytes, to be grown in pans elevated in a sheltered corner of the intermediate house. Pot the plants in ordinary material for epiphytal Orchids, and surfacethe compost with living Sphagnum-moss.M. vexillaria,M. Roezlii,M. Warscewiczii, formerly included in Odontoglossum, form a section requiring to be grown like Odontoglossums, but rather warmer. This section has been found to thrive well with a good proportion of leaves in the compost.Miltonia vexillaria, "Empress Victoria," is illustrated inPlate II.
Mormodes.—Grow these with the Catasetum and Cycnoches, and treat them similarly by resting them dry. The genus is a singular one, the curiously formed, generally fragrant flowers being very attractive.
Neobenthamia.—N. gracilisis an elegant, white-flowered, slender species from Tropical Africa, and it should be grown in warm-intermediate temperature.
Nephelaphyllum.—Dwarf, terrestrial species for the warm house. Grow with Anœctochilus.
Notylia.—Graceful epiphytes for baskets and suspending pans. Intermediate house.
Octomeria.—A genus allied to Pleurothallis. The flowers are usually white and rather small.
Odontoglossum.—The Odontoglossums are deservedly the most extensively grown genus of cool-house Orchids, the larger proportion of those in gardens being represented byO. crispum(illustrated inPlate VIII.), one of the most beautiful of Orchids. The spotted forms often realise very high prices. Cool, moist houses are provided forO. crispumand its section of Odontoglossum; in some gardens several houses are allotted to the species. Given a suitable house and careful treatment, the Odontoglossums are among the easiest Orchids to grow, and the most certain to flower. All the species generally classed withO. crispumshould begrown in well-drained pots. The compost in which they are grown used to be formed exclusively of Orchid peat and Sphagnum-moss, and, where these materials can be obtained of good quality they have never been improved upon. There came a craze in some collections for putting the Odontoglossums in leaf-soil, which ended in disaster, although it indicated that a proportion of dry leaves (not leaf-soil) may be used in the compost with advantage. Scarcity of good Orchid peat brought about the introduction of Polypodium fibre and Osmunda fibre, both excellent materials when prepared as recommended in the chapters on Potting Epiphytal Orchids, and Hybrid Orchids. For the general repotting of those requiring it September is the best month, but in early spring the plants should be examined in order to repot those which need immediate attention. The Odontoglossum house must be kept cool at all seasons, and the necessity to have lower night temperatures must be strictly recognised. Free ventilation should be provided, but at all seasons when drying, east winds prevail, especially in winter and early spring, the bottom ventilators should be only opened slightly, the top ones being kept closed; the laps of the glass of the roof will admit sufficient air. Moisture should be freely distributed about the house by syringing beneath the staging and between the pots in summer, but in winter the houses, if kept at the prescribed low temperature, will be moist without much water being distributed.Odontoglossum citrosmum,O. Rossii,O. membranaceum, and some other Mexican species should be grown in baskets or pans;O. coronariumand its varieties in oblong baskets;O. Londesboroughianumon rafts. Odontoglossums require abundance of water, but are easily injured if allowed to getsoddened. Water should therefore be given systematically—a thorough watering, and no more until the effect of it is passing and the still moist material is sufficiently near the dry point. After flowering, a lessened supply should also be given for a time, but the plants must not be dried off. At this stage it is a good time to repot any requiring to be repotted. In the cool houses, and indeed all the Orchid houses, observation should be made as to the rapidity of evaporation of water from the floors and staging. If the moisture evaporates too quickly and the floors and stages become dry rapidly, it must be remembered that the conditions are not favourable to sustaining the vitality of the plants in the house, for, where rapid evaporation takes place, a similar process affects the tissues of the plants. Means should be taken, either by lowering the temperature or checking the ventilation, to sustain a lasting humidity in the houses.
Oncidium.—This is a large genus, most of the members being suitable for cultivation in the intermediate house.O. macranthumis a cool-house plant, andO. crispum,O. Forbesii,O. concolor,O. Marshallianum(illustrated inPlate VII.),O. varicosum, and others also do well in the cool house in baskets or suspended pans.O. Papilio,O. Kramerianum,O. Lanceanum, andO. ampliatumshould have a position in the warmest end of the intermediate house. Pot the plants as epiphytal Orchids. Withhold water for a time after growth is completed.
Paphinia.—Small-growing epiphytes. Grow in baskets or pans in a warm, moist house.
PLATE VIII ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUMPLATE VIIIODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM
Phaius.—Strong-growing, terrestrial Orchids for the intermediate house. Pot them according to the directions in the chapter on the potting of terrestrial Orchids. The species are evergreen, and require but a short resting season. They require shade.
Phalænopsis.—These are warm-house species from the Philippines, Java, Borneo, India, and other places. Pot the plants in Sphagnum-moss. They succeed best when suspended, but if they are grown on the stage they should be elevated on inverted pots. A moist atmosphere is essential.P. amabilis Rimestadianawill grow in the intermediate house; so will also most of the other species, if placed in a moist corner.
Peristeria.—The genus is best known in gardens byP. elata(Dove Orchid). The cultivation is similar to that for Phaius.
Physosiphon.—A small genus allied to Stelis.P. Loddigesiihas racemes of orange-coloured flowers.
Platyclinis.—These are pretty, intermediate-house Orchids, with pendulous racemes of white or yellow flowers, generally fragrant.
Pleione.SeeCœlogyne.
Pleurothallis.—A large genus of elegant, dwarf-growing Orchids for the intermediate house.
Promenæa.SeeZygopetalum.
Renanthera.—These showy species are natives of Tropical Asia and Malaya. They should be grown like Aërides and Vandas.R. Imschootianais a compact, free-growing species, with showy, crimson flowers.
Restrepia.—A cool-house genus usually grown with the Masdevallias, and requiring similar treatment.
Rodriguezia.—This genus includes the species usually called Burlingtonia in gardens. Suspend the plants in theintermediate house.R. secundahas rose-coloured flowers; most of the others are white, and they are generally fragrant.
Rhyncostylis.—These are warm-house plants, which are known usually as Saccolabiums in gardens. The commoner species isR. retusa, with fine racemes of blush-white flowers, spotted with purple; and the blueR. cœlestis. The cultivation is similar to Aërides.
Saccolabium.—The Saccolabiums should be grown in a warm house like Aërides.S. bigibbumand others of its class are pretty, dwarf species, with yellowish flowers spotted with purple and having a white lip.
Sarcanthus.—Allied to Saccolabium, and having similar cultural requirements.
Sarcochilus.—The species of Sarcochilus need to be grown in Sphagnum-moss in the intermediate house.
Satyrium.—Terrestrial Orchids chiefly from South Africa, needing greenhouse treatment. The plants must be kept dry during the resting period.
Schomburgkia.—A strong-growing genus, requiring similar treatment to Lælias and Cattleyas. The best position for them is a sunny situation in the intermediate house.
Scuticaria.—The Scuticarias are handsome, bulbless species, with long, terete, pendulous leaves, and showy, yellowish flowers, blotched with purple. They should be grown on rafts, or in baskets suspended in the intermediate house.
Selenipedium.SeeCypripedium.
Sobralia.—The species of Sobralia are strong-growing, terrestrial Orchids with reed-like stems, requiring abundance of water during the period of growth. Intermediate house.S. macranthaand its white variety are best known.
Sophronitis.—A dwarf genus, best known byS. grandiflora, which has scarlet flowers, and has been used for crossing with Lælias and Cattleyas. All the species are cool-house plants, needing cultivation in pans or baskets suspended from the roof. The hybrids succeed best in the intermediate house.
Spathoglottis.—Terrestrial Orchids of similar growth to Bletia, requiring a pronounced resting period. Intermediate house. Rest dry.
Stanhopea.—A fine genus, with large, pendulous, wax-like flowers of aromatic odour. They should be grown in baskets in the intermediate house. Rest rather dry in a cool house or vinery.
Stauropsis.—Stauropsis should be grown with Aërides and Vandas. The genus is best known in gardens byS. lissochiloides(Vanda Batemanii) andS. gigantea.
Stelis.—The plants in this genus possess similar growth to the dwarf Pleurothallis, and require the same treatment.
Stenoglottis.—S. fimbriataandS. longifoliaare South African terrestrial Orchids, needing similar conditions to Disa.
Tetramicra(Leptotes).—Dwarf species with white flowers, having rose labellums. Intermediate house.
Thunia.—A section of Phaius with erect, terete stems and deciduous leaves. Grow them in a warm and moist house, but keep them cool and dry during the resting period.
Trichocentrum.—Dwarf, evergreen South American Orchids. Grow in pans suspended in a shady part of the intermediate house.
Trichopilia.—An ornamental, epiphytal genus, includingPilumna, the white, fragrantT. fragrans, and its varietynobilis, representing that section.T. suavisis one of the showiest species. All are worthy of a place in collections. Intermediate house.
Trichosma.—Trichosma suavisis a pretty, cool-house species, with white, fragrant flowers.
Trigonidium.—There are several curious species of Trigonidium, with the sepals usually developed and arranged differently to Orchids generally. Intermediate house.
Vanda.—The genus is one of the largest and most interesting, and, like the other large genera, it may be divided into several sections. The largest-growing and best-known species areV. tricolorandV. suavis, which have white or yellowish flowers, spotted with purple, and without any distinguishing botanical feature between them.V. cœruleais one of the finest blue Orchids;V. Sanderianaone of the handsomest;V. insignis,V. lamellata,V. Denisoniana,V. limbata, andV. Bensoniiare all desirable kinds.V. Kimballiana,V. Amesiana, andV. Watsoniiform a distinct section, with fleshy leaves and erect spikes of pretty, white flowers, marked with rose in the two first, and requiring to be grown, where possible, in baskets suspended in the intermediate house.V. teres,V. Hookeriana, and their hybridV. Miss Joaquim, have erect stems, bearing terete leaves, and fine, rose-coloured flowers.V. alpina,V. cristata, andV. pumilaare pretty, dwarf species. All are generally grown together in the warm or East Indian house, but it is an open question whether the keeping of these plants and the Aërides and Saccolabiums continuously in the same house is not the cause of the unsatisfactorycondition of many of them in gardens. Each section should be watched, and, when growth is completed, a change should be given to a cool, intermediate house for a couple of months. Aërides, Vandas, and Saccolabiums suffer most from being kept too hot and close in winter. After spring opens the amount of heat and moisture should be gradually increased. Directly they have flowered, the tall plants which have lost their bottom leaves should be lowered in the pots or baskets by being cut off at the base. Dwarf-growing species should be brought well up to the light.V. cœruleagrows well under the most dissimilar conditions, and with it, as with many other Orchids, there is more in finding a suitable place than in growing the plant. All require to be potted or basketed in Sphagnum-moss. Some growers add a sprinkling of leaves. TheV. teressection may be planted in Sphagnum-moss in a warm corner of the house, or against the end of the house. If grown in pots, three or four should be potted together and trained to a stout stick or teak rod.
Zygopetalum.—Under Zygopetalum, several distinct sub-genera are included. The largest-growing and showiest species includeZ. Mackayi,Z. crinitum, and other related species. These should be potted in peat, Sphagnum-moss, and loam fibre in equal proportions, with a sprinkling of leaves, and fine broken crocks added. During the growing season occasional waterings with weak, liquid manure should be given; and, after flowering, a rest with restricted water supply. Those that need repotting should be attended to before growth begins, but they will remain satisfactory for years in the same pots if carefully treated.
There are many hybrids, especially ofZ. maxillare,which should be treated like the species.Z. rostratumrequires a warm, moist house. The Promenæas includeP. stapelioides,P. Rollissoni, andP. xanthina. These should be grown in shallow pans, either for suspending or placing on a shelf near the glass of the roof.
Bollea,Huntleya,Pescatorea,Batemannia,andWarscewiczella.—These are sectional names for a leafy class, with rudimentary pseudo-bulbs. They are frequently mismanaged. The plants should be grown in the potting materials recommended for epiphytal Orchids, and surfaced with Sphagnum-moss. Being evergreen, and with no superabundant vitality, they should be kept moist all the year, but liberally watered when growing. A moist corner of the intermediate house, or warm house, should be selected for them, each plant being raised on an inverted pan or pot. When grown in the warm house, a rest should be given in a cooler house after growth is completed, but the plants must not be dried off. They may be propagated by division. All require shade. Botanically they are placed under Zygopetalum.
It is impossible to enumerate the immense number of home-raised hybrids in the scope of this book. It must therefore suffice to name some of the principal genera which have been crossed, and a few of the best hybrids, from the garden point of view.
Too much cannot be said for the absorbing interest of raising hybrid Orchids, which is referred to at length on p. 67.
Brassavola Digbyanahas been one of the most satisfactory parents, crossing readily with Cattleya and Lælia, and imparting to the hybrids its large flowers and fringed lip.B. glaucahas also been useful.Brasso-Cattleya Digbyano-Mossiæ, "Westonbirt Variety," is illustrated inPlate V.
Calanthes have been wonderfully improved, so far as the deciduous, winter-flowering kinds are concerned, by intercrossing, commencing withC. Veitchii(rosea × vestita) and now including all shades from pure white to blood-red.
Cattleya, Lælia, Sophronitis, and Brassavola have produced by intercrossing numerous showy garden plants, some of them, as for exampleC. Iris(C. bicolor × C. Dowiana) andLælio-Cattleya callistoglossa(C. Warscewiczii × L. purpurata), exhibiting great variation in the colour of their beautiful flowers.
Cymbidium has been enriched by the hybridist, thesection Cyperorchis being merged in true Cymbidium.Cymbidium Lowio-eburneumis illustrated inPlate VI.
Dendrobium hybrids are among the most numerous and useful as decorative flowers.
Epidendrum has produced some satisfactory results, includingE. O'BrienianumandEpiphronitis Veitchii(Sophronitis grandiflora × Epidendrum radicans).
Cypripedium has been so prolific that there are amateurs who cultivate them either exclusively or give the greater part of their accommodation to the genus and its hybrids, which may be numbered by the hundred.
Species of Masdevallia, Odontoglossum, Lycaste, Phaius, and Zygopetalum have all been intercrossed, and the number of possible combinations admits of incalculable development, especially as the crossing is not confined to the same genus. Plants of distinct genera have been crossed with each other, and in many cases the results have been unexpectedly good, as for example the pretty, scarletCochlioda Noezliana, which has been crossed successfully with several genera. Such facts as these seem to indicate that there are but few combinations amongst the genera of Orchideæ cross-breeders may not attempt with a reasonable hope of success.
Acanthophippium,81Acineta,81Acropera,82Adapting ordinary plant-house for Orchid culture,19Aëranthus,83Aërides,82Aganisia,83Angræcum,83Anguloa,84Anœctochilus,84Ansellia,85Apostasieæ,6Arachnanthe,85Barkeria,86Bartholina,86Baskets and pots, culture in,24Batemannia and Bollea,86,108Bifrenaria,86Bollea,108Brassavola,86Brassia,86Brasso-CattleyaDigbyano-Mossiæ(Plate V.)Broughtonia,86Bulbophyllum,86Calanthe,87Calanthe Dominyi, the first Orchid hybrid,5,67Calanthes, deciduous,38Catasetum,87Cattleya,87Cattleya Trianæ, var.Hydra(Plate IV.)Cattleya fly, the,48Chysis,88Cirrhæa,88Cirrhopetalum,88Cochlioda,88Cochlioda noezliana crosses,110Cockroaches, how to entrap,50Cœlia,88Cœlogyne,88Colax,91Collecting wild Orchids,60Comparettia,88Compost for seedlings,76-80Conservatory, species for the,52Coryanthes,91Cut flowers, to preserve,56Cycnoches,91Cymbidium,91Cymbidium Lowio-eburneum(Plate VI.)Cymbidiums for the conservatory,54Cynorchis,91Cypripedium,91Cypripedium insigne Sanderæ(Frontispiece)Cypripediums, structure of,6Cypripediums for the conservatory,53Cyrtopodium,92Dendrobium,92Dendrobium Wardianum(Plate III.)Dendrobium from cuttings,35Diacrium,93Difficulties to overcome,8Disa,93Diseases and Insect Pests,47Dossinia marmorata,84Durability of Orchid flowers,56Enumeration of Principal Genera,81Epidendrum,94Epidendrum Boundii,109Epidendrum O'Brienianum,109Epiphronitis Veitchii,109Eria,94Eriopsis,94Eulophia,94Eulophiella,94Evaporation from lower stage,15Evaporation, test,100Fertilising Orchids,68Floor of natural earth,9,15Floor of wood trellis,9Galeandra,95Genera and Species,81Glazing,11Gomeza,94Gongora,95Goodyera Dawsoniana,85Grammatophyllum,95Grobya,95Habenaria,95Hæmaria discolor,84Heating Orchid houses,16Hot-water piping,16Houlletia,95Huntleya,108Hybridising and raising seedlings,67Importing of Orchids,59Insecticides,48,49Introduction,1Ionopsis,95Label, the best form of,31Labelling the plants,30Lælia,95Leaves, removal of damaged,32Leaves, use of, in potting compost,24,80,99Leptotes,105Liparis,96Liquid manure,43Lissochilus,96Listrostachys,83Lueddemannia,96Luisia,96Lycaste,96Macodes Petola,84Manures for Orchids,39Masdevallia,96Maxillaria,97Megaclinium,97Metal injurious,29Microstylis,97Miltonia,97Miltonia vexillaria(Plate II.)Mormodes,98Mystacidium,83Neobenthamia,98Nephelaphyllum,98Night temperatures,17,18Notylia,98Octomeria,98Odontoglossum,98Odontoglossum crispum(Plate VIII.)Odontoglossum, potting of,99Odontoglossum seedlings,71-78Odours of Orchids,65Oncidium,100Oncidium Marshallianum(Plate VII.)Orchid-collecting,108Orchid flowers, structure of,6Orchid house, structure of,9Orchid house, the single,19Orchid hybrids,108Orchid, the first hybrid,5Orchids as cut flowers,55Orchids for baskets,27Orchids for the conservatory,52Orchids for pans,27Orchids for villa conservatory,53Orchids, suspending of,27Orchids, the earliest introductions of,3,4,5Osmunda fibre,23,80,99Packing, systems of,61Painting interior of houses,11Paphinia,100Paraffin, need for avoiding use of,49Paths, methods of making,9Periodical inspection of plants,50Peristeria,103Pescatorea,108Phaius,100Phalænopsis,103Physosiphon,103Plant-houses adapted for Orchids,12-19Platyclinis,103Pleione,103Pleurothallis,103Potting and basketing, methods of,22Potting material for hybrids,79Potting, old-time system of,3Promenæa,103,108Propagation by division,35Rain-water, the value of,35Raising seedling Orchids,67Renanthera,103Resting season, the,37,44Restrepia,103Rhyncostylis,104Rise of Orchid culture,3Rockeries in Orchid house,10Rodriguezia,103Saccolabium,104Sarcanthus,104Sarcochilus,104Satyrium,104Scale insects,49Schomburgkia,104Scuticaria,104Seed-raising, case for,72-75Seed-sowing,70Seed-storing,69Seedlings, damping off,77Seedlings in subdued light,78Seedlings, affording water to,72Seeds, Orchid,69Selection of subjects for cross-fertilisation,79Selenipedium,92,104Shading,21Shading of houses containing seedlings,78Slugs and woodlice,50Sobralia,104Sophronitis,104Spathoglottis,105Spraying the plants,37,72Staging for the plants,12Staking or fixing plants,28Stanhopea,105Stauropsis,105Stelis,105Stenoglottis,105Structure of the flowers,6,67Structure of Orchid house,9Syringing, the need for,37Tanks for storing water,9Tar, injurious effects of,51Tetramicra,105Temperatures,17-20Terrestrial species, packing of,62Thrips, destructiveness of,48Thunia,105Treatment of imported plants,63Trichocentrum,105Trichopilia,105Trichosma,106Trigonidium,106Useless leaves and pseudo-bulbs, removal of,31Vanda,106Vanda Batemanii,105Ventilation,9Warscewiczella,108Watering epiphytal species,35Watering terrestrial species,38Wire injurious to the plants,29Zygopetalum,107Zygopetalum, sections of,108
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