We remained here for several days, during which time one of our men was tried by Court Martial for attempting an outrage on the person of a woman in Kentucky, while on the march from Somerset to Columbia. He was found guilty, and sentenced to serve six months in military prison, with ball and chain attached to his leg, and to forfeit two months’ pay.
While here, General Crittenden came near falling into Rebel hands. He, however, managed to escape, but several of his staff were captured.
After having remained in camp at Silver Springs for six days, on the morning of November 19th we broke up, and moved down the turnpike towards Nashville. Proceeded as far as Stone river, and again camped, being eight miles from the city. We remained here one week, with nothing worthy of note transpiring.
Broke up camp on the morning of November 26th, and moved towards Nashville.
During the march, one of our new members, who had joined us at Louisville, named Leonard Starr, died in the ambulance. He had been sick several days. His remains were sent home in charge of his brother, who is also a member of our battery.
We camped on the Murfreesboro pike, three miles from Nashville.
Our tents were pitched in a large open field. The ground was low and springy, and whenever it rained, the place was almost untenable.
The day after our arrival was Thanksgiving day, but it passed off the same as all other days with us. We had our usual dinner of sow-bellya la mode, and hard-tacka la mouldy.
Nothing out of the usual course occurred, until December 8th. On that day, our brigade made a foraging excursion on the Nolensville pike. Went ten miles, and succeeded in obtaining one hundred and sixty-nine loads of corn, which was brought away in sight of the enemy’s pickets, without a gun being fired.
Captain Standart was acting as Chief of Artillery on General Palmer’s Staff; General Palmer having succeeded General Smith as Division Commander.
I will here mention that we were now in what was called the Fourth Division of General Crittenden’s Corps. Our Brigade is known as the Twenty-second, General Cruft commanding. Lieutenant Baldwin, at this time, was temporarily commanding the Battery.
On the 10th, we moved our camp about one-fourth of a mile to a drier piece of ground. Captain Standart also moved his quarters back to the Battery, but still retained his position as Chief of Artillery.
We remained in camp near Nashville just onemonth, during which time we had several alarms, but none of them of any consequence. Also made several reconnoisances on different roads.
We here received a supply of new clothing, harness, and other equipments; and, on the morning of December 24th, were ordered to have five days’ rations in haversacks, ready to march—but for some cause did not move.
Christmas went by in quiet, but it was only a lull in the war-storm which was soon to break upon us with a fury hard to withstand.
On the morning of the 26th we were ordered to move. All camp equipage and baggage, as well as those who were not fit for active duty, were to be moved into Nashville.
The storm was about to burst.
At an early hour on the morning of Friday, December 26th, the shrill call of the bugle ringing out on the frosty air, announced that we were about to move.
Soon great activity prevailed in camp, and all were in high spirits at the prospect of an advance; and it was evident to each and every one of us, thatunless the rebels should retreat from Murfreesboro, a battle must soon occur.
Nothing so arouses a soldier’s spirit as the prospect of a battle—though, in the same anxiously looked for battle, his life may be sacrificed. For human life, at best, but hangs on a thread which even a little blow may snap asunder. But if man dies thus, his life is nobly given on the altar of his country, and that is worth the life of any man.
“Whodies in vainUpon his country’s war-fields, and withinThe shadow of her altars?”
War follows rebellion, and death follows war. Some must die—both the just and the unjust; but in the end, right willeverconquer. And now to our movements.
The morning was cloudy, and in a short time it began to rain. Nevertheless, all were soon ready to move. After waiting for more than an hour, the command was finally given to “forward march.”
The army of General Rosencrans had now been divided into three separate divisions, or army corps, and designated as the Right, Left and Center wings. The Right, commanded by General McCook; the Centre, by General Thomas; and the Left, by General Crittenden. To the last named was our Battery attached, General Palmer being still in command of the Division, and General Cruft of the Brigade. Our Corps moved forward on the Murfreesboro road, the other Corps taking different routes. At the timewe got fairly started the rain had increased, and the storm was raging furiously; and though all were thoroughly drenched, yet it dampened not the ardor of the brave men, as they were elated at the prospect of soon meeting their deadly enemy in battle array.
Owing to the great number of troops, and having a large wagon train, our progress was quite slow; and further, it was known that our movements would be more or less harrassed by the enemy. Great caution was therefore necessary.
When within two miles of Lavergne—which is a small station on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad—our advance guard encountered the Rebel pickets. After a short skirmish, the enemy were driven into their camp at Lavergne, where they had one Brigade stationed.
Our Brigade having the advance, we soon came in sight of the enemy, who were drawn up in line ready for battle. Our Battery, and one section of Konkle’s Battery, under command of Lieutenant Nathan Newell, were ordered into position, and opened on the Rebels. They immediately returned our fire, when a lively artillery fight commenced, which lasted until dark. One of our men had his hand badly shattered, by the premature explosion of one of the guns. He has since had his hand amputated. One of the men belonging to Newell’s section was instantly killed by the Rebel fire. This was the only loss sustained on our side. TheRebels suffered the loss of a number killed and wounded, and a few taken prisoners.
Early next morning, we were in readiness to renew the attack; but the enemy were not inclined to oppose us, as they commenced a retrograde movement towards Murfreesboro. Our troops at once pressed on them closely, and constant skirmishing ensued throughout the entire day. At dark, we had succeeded in driving them six miles, to what is called Stewart’s Creek. We here rested for the night—the Rebels on the east and we on the west side of the creek.
The following day both armies remained in the same position, and no movement was made on either side.Wewere awaiting the arrival of General Thomas’ troops.
The next morning we moved forward in order of battle. Skirmishers were thrown out on each side of the road, through the woods and fields, and during the day some little fighting took place. We moved to within four miles of Murfreesboro, and camped for the night in a piece of cedar woods.
The following day was passed in preparing for the great battle, which was now imminent. Our troops were posted at different points, Batteries placed in position, picket lines established, scouts and skirmishers thrown out, ammunition chests overhauled, and all other necessary preparations made for the coming conflict.
That night our guards were doubled. The Infantry slept on their arms, and Artillerymen at their several posts. No fires were allowed, and the utmost vigilance enjoined on all.
To-morrow would be an eventful day.
Just at daylight, and while some were getting breakfast, others watering their horses, the Rebels made a sudden and vigorous attack on the Division of General Johnson in General McCook’s Corps, and which was stationed on the extreme right.
Owing to the suddenness of the attack, and the overpowering force which the enemy had brought to bear at this particular point, the troops of General Johnson were thrown into confusion, and ere they could recover from their surprise, the enemy had broken through their lines, and forced them to fall back, at the same time firing volley after volley, killing and wounding a large number of Union troops. They had also succeeded in capturing several pieces of artillery, and, in one instance, the entire battery of Captain Edgarton, taking the Captain and most of his men prisoners.
General Johnson rallied the remainder of his troops as speedily as possible, and others coming to hissupport—but not until having lost considerable ground—by 9 o’clock, A. M., the engagement had become general along the entire line. At 10 o’clock the battle raged with great fury, and slaughter. Our Battery was stationed on the left of General Negley’s division—it being the last, or left division of the right wing. The enemy, at noon, had succeeded in turning this wing, and had partially got in on our rear, subjecting us to a severe cross-fire. General Cruft, however, managed to extricate the brigade from this unpleasant predicament, and our Battery was drawn off in fine order, but not until we had expended all our ammunition. Our men, as well as those of the entire brigade, stood their ground bravely, and dealt dire destruction to the enemy. Several of our men were killed and wounded about this time.
The battle still raged with great fierceness. The Rebels had gained a great advantage, and had driven General McCook’s wing two or three miles.
At this critical juncture, when it seemed as if we must suffer complete annihilation—when the Rebel star was in the ascendant—Generals Rosencrans and Thomascomingdashing along the line, cheering and rallying their men, when they turned and fought like very tigers. And now the scene was truly thrilling.
“Then more fierceThe conflict grew; the din of arms—the yellOf savage rage—the shriek of agony—The groan of death, commingled in one soundOf undistinguished horrors.”
Inch by inch was the lost ground recovered, ashand to hand friend and foe grappled for the mastery. General Rosencrans, by his dauntless bearing, cheered on our brave men to such deeds of valor as the pen of history has seldom recorded. Fiercely did the Union troops throw themselves in solid battallions against the fierce assailing foe. The roar of artillery, the rattle of musketry, the groans of the wounded and dying, rang horribly upon the ear.
Darkness finally closed over the scene, and, for the time, put an end to the conflict. Weary and exhausted the men threw themselves on the blood-dyed ground, to pass the hours of night, their ears filled with the groans of their dying companions.
The number of killed and wounded, on both sides, this day, was quite large.
Thus ended the old year of Eighteen Hundred and Sixty-Two.
The New Year dawned not on faces radiant with joy and gladness; for, alas! many of our brave comrades lay stark and cold on that ensanguined field. No “Happy New Year” came from their voiceless lips—no kindly word of greeting; but, with eyes upturned to Heaven, they lay mute in death. Never again would that gray-haired father welcome his son on the threshold of home. Never again would that meek-eyed mother fold her darling soldier-boy to her heart. Never again would brother, nor sister, gaze upon his manly form—for that brave boy slept his last sleep on the battle-field of his country. Whoshall say that the angels did not welcome him that morning to a Happy New Year, where the sound of battle is never heard?
No, there were no merry greetings, nor lively pealing of bells, for those war-worn men; but instead was heard the roar of artillery, and the rattle of musketry, and the groans and shrieks of the wounded and dying soldier, mingled with that thrilling and strange cry of the horse on receiving his death wound.
The fighting this day was confined principally to artillery, but at longer range than the day previous, and consequently the slaughter was much lighter.
The battle lasted through the day, with no material advantage to either side; and at night both armies retained nearly their positions of the morning.
Another night was passed on the battle-field.
Early the following morning considerable skirmishing ensued, and continued through the forenoon, with shifting of positions.
Between 3 and 4 o’clock in the afternoon, the Rebels, in strong force, opened an attack on a single brigade of ours, which was posted near Stone river, and in advance of our extreme left. Pressed by greatly superior numbers the brigade was compelled to fall back, which they did in good order, contesting every inch of ground, and making great havoc in the enemy’s ranks. Our reserve force soon pushed forward, with cheers and yells, determined to do or die.With a shock that could not be withstood, our brave men rushed upon the foe. Their columns shook—they wavered, reeled, and fighting desperately, fell back, while the brave Union troops pushed them at every step. Vainly did the Rebel General in command strive to rally and turn back his horror-stricken legions. But furiously, more furiously, did our noble men assail the rebellious foe, till the ground was piled heap on heap with the slain, and the thirsty earth drank up their life blood. And now, in utter confusion, the enemy gave way, and soon were flying before us, like chaff before the wind.
Night had now set in, and darkness was gradually stealing over us; but still we fought on, determined to achieve a glorious victory for our country, and our firesides.
Our forces were now massed, and with cheers that made the welkin ring, we charged down upon a battery of artillery, which had been pouring destruction into our ranks.
So great was this onset, that again did the enemy give way and retire from their guns, and fled in wild disorder back into the cedar thickets which dotted the battle-field.
In this charge we captured four guns of the enemy’s celebrated Washington battery, of Louisiana, and also recaptured several of our own guns, which were taken from us in the first day’s fight.
The Rebel loss, in killed, wounded, and prisoners, was nearly three to our one. Had but two hoursmore of daylight intervened, the Rebel army would have been well nigh annihilated. It was fortunate for them that darkness put an end to the conflict, when
“Our bugles sang truce—for the night-cloud had lower’d,And the sentinel stars set their watch in the sky;And thousands had sunk on the ground overpower’d,The weary to sleep, and the wounded to die.”
Thus passed another night on the battle-field.
During this day the enemy kept up a continual skirmishing along our front, but without seeming inclined to risk another general encounter. This afterwards appeared to have been only a blind to cover their retreat, for during the same night they evacuated the field.
On Sunday morning, January 4th, General McCook entered Murfreesboro, and took formal possession of the town.
Thus ended the great battle of Stone river, which, for desperate and hard fighting, has not been excelled by any battle fought during the rebellion.
It would be occupying too much time and space to give full particulars of all that transpired during this memorable conflict. And where all fought so bravely and so well, it will not be necessary to discriminate. Taken as a whole, it was one of thehardest contested, and most decisive battles, which has yet been fought. The loss, in killed and wounded, on both sides, was very heavy. The enemy’s loss, in killed and wounded, will not vary far from twelve thousand to fourteen thousand. About five thousand of the enemy fell into our hands as prisoners of war. We captured but few arms or equipments. Our loss, in killed and wounded, was about eight thousand, and from three thousand to four thousand captured and missing. The Rebels probably gained a slight advantage in the amount of artillery captured. Several Generals, and other officers high in rank were killed and wounded, on both sides. The Rebels retreated towards Tullahoma.
This victory once more placed us in possession of a good part of Middle Tennessee, and thereby materially afforded us help in obtaining supplies.
The enemy were confident of success, but were woefully disappointed, and it has been a severe blow to them, and one from which they will hardly recover. General Rosencrans rather outwitted the redoubtable Rebel Bragg, and came off with increased laurels. Rosencrans has shown himself to be the right man in the right place. He knows no such word asfail.
Our Battery, in this engagement, was in command of Lieutenant Norman Baldwin. Captain Standart was still acting as Chief of Artillery, on General Palmer’s Staff. Lieutenant Sypher was sick, atNashville. Both Lieutenants Baldwin and Sturges acted with great coolness and bravery. Lieutenant Baldwin had one horse killed under him. The Battery was several times in a dangerous position, and once was nearly surrounded by the enemy, and subjected to a severe cross fire. The men heroically stood at their posts, and fought like veterans, while the air was hissing with shot and shell. None wavered from their duty, and all are deserving of the highest praise. But, alas! some laid down their lives in that fearful battle-storm. This was the first time that any of our company were killed in battle.
The following is a list of the members of the Battery who were killed, wounded, and taken prisoners:
Killed—Orderly Sergeant Thomas J. Thompson; Sergeant George Wolf; Privates Chauncey Lyon, Samuel Ruple, John Elliott.
Wounded Seriously—PrivatesBenjaminF. Sarles, S. W. Shankland, William Broe, Alfred French John Blanchard.
Wounded and Missing—A. J. McLaughlin, George Overy.
Slightly Wounded—L. L. Sawtell, N. Schoh, J. Arndt, J. Grant, —. Hayes.
Of those mentioned as killed, Chauncey Lyon was killed instantly;SergeantWolf had his head entirely blown off, and, as is supposed, by one of our own guns, as he was seen to step in front of thebattery just as the command to fire was given. Immediately thereafter his lifeless body was found near one of the guns. The others died a few days after, from the effects of their wounds. Those seriously wounded were removed to the hospitals at Nashville. Alfred French had his arm amputated. The others will all probably recover without loss of limbs. Those who were slightly wounded continued on duty. We had twenty-one horses killed.Ashot struck the forge, knocking out a spoke and splintering the box. The battery wagon was made a complete wreck.
We remained camped on the battle-ground until the 7th of January, when we moved about three miles beyond Murfreesboro, on the McMinnville road, and camped in a piece of woods near the road. The same night the wagons came out from Nashville, bringing our tents and baggage. We remained here through the next day. On Friday, January 9th, we struck tents, and went one mile nearer town.
We camped about a quarter of a mile off the road, and near a house. The ground was not very well adapted for such a purpose, being quite low.
During our stay here we experienced much heavyweather; it rained or snowed a great portion of the time. But we now received a supply of new clothing, and other necessary articles.
After remaining here for ten days, on the morning of Sunday, January 18th, we once more made a move.
The morning was quite cold, and considerable snow lay on the ground—a heavy snow storm having prevailed during the night.
A march of six miles brought us to Cripple creek. We pitched our tents on a hill overlooking the surrounding country, and near the creek. The place was very rocky, and covered with young cedars. The trees, rocks and stumps, were so thick that it was almost impossible for a wagon to get through. But the men went to work, and soon had the ground sufficiently cleared to pitch the tents. This camp was on the McMinnville road, and eight miles from Murfreesboro. We hadpassedthe place several times previously.
The day succeeding our arrival all hands went to work clearing up the ground, felling trees, and building breast-works and fortifications. This occupied several days. The weather was cold, with frequent rains, which rendered our condition rather unpleasant.
Nothing out of the usual way occurred untilJanuary24th, when the entire brigade made a reconnoissance towards Woodbury. On reaching Readyville were joined by General Hazen’s brigade, andthen proceeded as far as Woodbury, where a skirmish ensued with a small Rebel force. Our troops repulsed and drove them from the town. Our brigade returned to camp the same night.
Sunday, January 22d. This being the anniversary of Washington’s birth-day, at sun-down we fired a salute.
The next day Captain Standart started for home, having obtained a short furlough.
March 2d. A skirmish reported beyond Readyville.
March 3d. The entire division of General Reynolds passed our camp, going towards Woodbury.
March 5th. An election took place for five persons whose names should be placed on the Roll of Honor, according to published order of General Rosencrans. The following men were elected, viz: John Boon, Joseph Axford, Thomas C. Potter, John Snyder, and C. B. Valentine.
March 6th. Were paid this day for four months’ services, being up to January 1st. The first payment we had received in six months. This put the men in good spirits again; but they had one difficulty, and that was, they had no means of getting rid of their money, as the market in this vicinity was not over-well stocked with what a soldier wants.
The next day a portion of General Reynold’s force—which went towards Woodbury a few days previous—returned to Murfreesboro. Cannonadingwas heard this day—supposed to be in the direction of Franklin.
The morning following, the order was passed to prepare to march. But, after getting ready, we stood all day waiting for the word to proceed. Just at dark were told to unharness horses, as we were not to move for the present.
Tuesday, March 10th. All quiet on Cripple creek. Tents were again pitched. Considerable rain fell during the day.
Thursday, March 12th. Lieutenant Baldwin went to Nashville this day, to procure horses.
Saturday, March 14th. Buchanan Reed, the artist and poet, of Cincinnati, addressed our brigade this day. Lieutenant Kelley left for home, having resigned, and his resignation being accepted. Captain Standart returned to his command.
Sunday, March 15th.—Eighth week in our present camp. Brigade review to-day.
Sunday, March 22d. Ninth week in camp.—Weather delightful. Peach trees in bloom. Trees leaving out.
Wednesday, March 25th. Received news to-day that George D. Eldridge—a member of our company—was dead. He died in hospital, at Nashville.
Sunday, March 29th. Tenth week in camp. Last night, at 10 o’clock, we had an alarm. It was caused by our pickets, who fired on a small party of Rebel cavalry—the cavalrymen having made adash on them, so the pickets reported. No one hurt.
Wednesday, April 1st. At 12 o’clock last night were routed out, with orders to prepare three days’ rations, in haversacks, for a reconnoissance. Two hours later preparations were completed, when a start was made. All of our guns were taken, with two train wagons. The forge and Battery wagons, and all camp equipage, were left in camp. The brigade divided and took different roads. The object of this movement was to surprise and capture a force of Rebel cavalry, who were camped between Woodbury and McMinnville. A part of the third brigade came out to our camp, on guard duty, during the absence of our brigade. The expedition returned at night, having dispersed the enemy, killing and wounding a number. They also captured their entire camp equipage, several wagons, a lot of horses and mules, and about twenty prisoners.
The next morning the third brigade of our division passed camp. Part of the Fifteenth Pennsylvania cavalry were with them. They had no camp equipage, and carried five days’ rations. Were on a reconnoissance, and going towards Woodbury and McMinnville.
Saturday, April 4th. Part of our brigade went to Readyville, as guard to General Hazen’s camp.
Sunday, April 5th. Eleventh week in camp.
Tuesday, April 7th, were paid to-day up to 1st of March.
Saturday, April 11th. At roll-call we had orders to draw three days’ rations, and be in readiness to move at daylight next morning.
Sunday, April 12th. All were ready to move, but no further order was given in regard to doing so. In the afternoon the First and Second Kentucky infantry were each presented with a beautiful flag. The weather continued fine. This was our twelfth week in present camp.
Monday, April 20th. General Reynold’s division passed our camp on another reconnoissance towards Woodbury and McMinnville.
Tuesday, April 21st. The men were this day—as well as several days previous—engaged in clearing up camp—hauling gravel and evergreens. The ground had been leveled off, and covered with gravel, and arbors and summer-houses built of evergreens, stables made for the horses, and our camp otherwise beautified. It now presented a cheerful appearance. From indications it appeared that we were to remain here for some time to come. We were favored with fine weather—but little rain having fallen during the last month. Everything in nature looked beautiful.
Saturday, April 25th. A teamster belonging to the brigade, while intoxicated, fell off his mule just in front of our camp. The wagon passed over him, injuring him so severely that he died the samenight. Could not learn his name, nor to what regiment he belonged.
Sunday, April 26th. Fourteen weeks this day since our arrival here. Lieutenant Baldwin started for home, on a short furlough. Lieutenant Sypher was sent to Cleveland, on recruiting service, on the 22d inst. The teamster who was killed the day previous was buried this day.
Tuesday, April 28th. Had orders to hold ourselves ready to move at any moment. Considerable Rebel cavalry were daily seen hovering around our lines. Nothing very serious apprehended.
Thursday, April 30th. Regular two month’s muster for pay. Our tents were also turned over to the Quarter-Master. We were to have what are termed “shelter” tents, in place of our old ones. The men call them “dog” tents, and they are rightly named. Although this was the day set apart, by President Lincoln, as a day of fasting and prayer, everything went on as usual in camp. The men said that they had done enough fasting.
Friday, May 1st. All the sick were this day sent to the hospital.
Sunday, May 3rd. Fifteen weeks this day at Cripple Creek. We were joined by two companies of the First Tennessee Cavalry. They went into camp on the flats across the creek. Regular brigade review.
Monday, May 4th. The One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry passed our camp, goingtowards Murfreesboro. The regiment had been for some time in the Second brigade of General Palmer’s division, but had been reduced by sickness and desertion, so that it did not then contain over one hundred and fifty effective men. The weather continued quite warm.
Tuesday, May 5th. The Twenty-Third Kentucky Infantry passed our camp, on their way to take the place of the One Hundred and Tenth Illinois. Weather cloudy, with some rain.
Friday, May 8th. Lieutenant Baldwin returned from home, bringing numerous packages for the men, sent by their friends.
On Sunday, May 11th, J. P. Beers died, at noon. His disease was Typhoid fever. He hailed from Collamer, a few miles East of Cleveland, Ohio. At 3 o’clock a grand review of the entire brigade took place, after which the troops were formed in a hollow square, when Captain Standart was called out and presented, by General Cruft, on behalf of the officers of the brigade, with a beautiful flag for our Battery. But great was the Captain’s surprise, when the General presented him with a splendid sword, as a mark of the respect and high estimation in which the officers of the brigade held him. General Cruft then made a neat little speech, which was happily responded to by Captain Standart.
Colonel Barnett being present, also offered a few remarks, in which he alluded, in a happy manner, to the good discipline and soldierly bearing of themen, and congratulated us for the fair name and reputation which we had gained.
Colonel Enyart, of the First Kentucky Infantry, was also presented with an elegantly wrought sword, by the officers and soldiers of his command.
Immediately after the above ceremony, loud, long, and hearty cheers were given for General Cruft, Colonel Barnett, Captain Standart, Colonel Enyart, and the officers of the First Brigade. And now all quietly marched back to their respective quarters.
Sunday, May 10th, 1863, will long live in the remembrance of those who composed Standart’s Battery.
The flag which we received was made of the most costly material. On its folds, in letters of silver, was inscribed: Presented by the Officers of First Brigade, Second Division, Twenty-First Army Corps, to Standart’s Ohio Battery. Underneath this were the Words: Wild Cat, Mill Springs, Chaplin Hills, Stone River. The Captain’s sword is heavily mounted with gold, and is a beautiful piece of workmanship. It cost two hundred dollars.
From the above it will be seen that the services which our Battery has rendered in the Union cause are duly appreciated by those who know our history best.
The morning succeeding the above eventful day, the body of J. P. Beers was sent home. Thedetachment to which he belonged escorted his remains outside the lines.
The day following, the Third brigade of our division arrived, and camped near us.
Friday, May 15. A little excitement in camp, caused by a horse-race for one hundred dollars a side. Our whilom mule-driver says that his steed can run the “har” clean off them dandified looking “critters.” But says he don’t “keer” about betting, as cabbages ain’t very plenty just now.
Sunday, May 17th. On this morning, as General Palmer and Staff were out, with some of the First Tennessee cavalry, on a reconnoissance, when about five miles from camp they were suddenly confronted by a large body of Rebel cavalry, who at once opened fire on them. General Palmer gave the command for his cavalry to charge, and which order the brave Tennesseeans were not slow in obeying. With drawn sabres they rushed on the Rebels, which caused them to give way, when they broke and fled in confusion. The result was the capture of about twenty prisoners, the same number of horses, and a few muskets. Two captains were among the prisoners. One or two of the enemy were killed, and several wounded. Two or three slightly wounded on our side. The prisoners were soon after brought into camp. Brigade inspection in the afternoon. Seventeen weeks in camp at Cripple creek.
After the above incident nothing aside from theusual daily routine and an occasional reconnoissance, transpired until Tuesday, June 23d. On this day we received word that Andy Ives, a member of our company, was dead. He had been sick for some time, and had been taken to Nashville by his father. This made twenty-two of our members who had died or been killed since we first entered the service. This afternoon the entire army in camp at Cripple Creek was called out to witness the execution of a private, in the First Kentucky infantry, for desertion.
At half-past 2 o’clock, P. M., the division marched in regiments to the parade ground, and were drawn up in the usual manner on such occasions. At a quarter to 3 o’clock the prisoner made his appearance, following his coffin, and surrounded by a strong guard. On either side of him was a chaplain, or spiritual adviser. The drums beat a mournful march, and, after passing around the various regiments, with head uncovered, the doomed man was placed behind his coffin. He was then allowed to make a short address, but little of which could be heard. After he had concluded, a prayer, in his behalf, was offered by each of the chaplains. The prisoner then shook hands with them, and with some of the officers. His eyes were then bandaged—his bosom bared for the fatal shot. The soldiers detailed for this painful duty took their positions. With a suspense which was painful to witness, all awaited the final word for the execution.
Precisely at 3 o’clock the signal was given, andimmediately the report of twelve guns echoed through the valley. * * * All was over.
On examination it was found that four balls had pierced his heart, and one had entered his temple. His death was easy and instantaneous.
Thus ended a sad and painful scene, the like of which we hope never again to behold. The man’s name was Shockman, and he hailed from Cincinnati. He was about twenty-eight years of age, and unmarried.
On returning to our quarters, an order was received to issue twelve days’ rations, and be ready to move at a moment’s notice. As we had before received such orders, and nothing came of them, the men were now inclined to believe—as we had been so long at this camp—that we would here remain until disbanded. But at dark it became quite evident that a move would be made on the following morning. Some were pleased at this, but others were loth to leave a place which had become almost like a home to them. We had now been here a little over five months—by far the greatest length of time we had remained in any one camp. But all things must have a termination, and so did our stay here.
In the different dates above, have been given the items of interest which occurred during our stay at Cripple Creek. But little else, aside from the usual routine of camp life, had taken place.
Early on the morning of June 24th all were astir, and busily engaged in preparing to march. The word was given to be ready at 7 o’clock. The weather was quite cloudy, and indicated rain. At 8 o’clock it commenced raining; and shortly after, we were on the move, having bid adieu to Cripple Creek, which had so long been our home. The rain was now falling heavily, and so continued through the whole day.
After crossing the creek, we took a South-east course. The roads in many places were quite rough, but the country, generally, was level. We passed through a fine farming section, and the crops mostly looked flourishing, but somewhat backward, owing to the late spring frosts, which had delayed planting.
A march of six or eight miles brought us out on the Murfreesboro and Bradyville pike, and the roads were now in better condition. General Wood’s Division were here waiting for us to pass. A little further on, we found the Second Brigade, General Hazen, waiting to join us. Shortly after, we passed through the small town of Bradyville. About one mile beyond this, at a creek, a skirmish took place between some of the First Tennessee Cavalry and a party of Rebel Cavalry. Two of the Tennesseanswere wounded, and, as usual, the enemy “skeedaddled.”
A halt was now made; and, after standing in the rain for an hour, we finally turned off the road, and camped for the night in a piece of woods. Thus ended our first day’s march from Cripple Creek.
The next morning was again rainy. Made a move at 6 o’clock, and found the roads rough and hilly. Had one very steep and bad hill to ascend, and found it necessary to double our teams; but it was some time ere all the guns and caissons were well at the top. We marched about five miles, and then halted for the wagon train to come up. The weather had now partially cleared. At 5 o’clock, seeing no prospect of the trains arriving that night, we finally camped. Some firing heard in the distance, on our left.
Next morning, the train had not reached us, and we could not move without it, as we were without provisions or forage. Were obliged to send back for feed for our horses. More rain was falling, and the roads were getting very heavy. About noon, the wagons arrived; but no further move was made, and we quietly remained in camp. Heavy firing was heard nearly all day. A general battle was reported as going on at Beech Grove, about twelve or fourteen miles distant. General Thomas’ Corps was engaged. Rumors were rife in camp, and several prisoners were brought in. Our camp was locatedat Holly Springs, about seventeen miles from Murfreesboro.
Saturday, June 27th. All hands were up at daylight, and prepared breakfast. The weather again cloudy. Firing on our right, still heard; but just before noon, ceased. At 12 o’clock, report came that General Thomas had defeated the Rebels and driven them, taking a large number of prisoners, and a lot of plunder.
At 1 o’clock, we once more got started, but the road was in a horrible condition; and after plodding slowly along for some six miles, we turned into a field near a creek and pitched our tents.
Sunday, June 28th. Morning cloudy. About 9 o’clock it commenced raining, but we were soon moving. Went two miles, and then prepared to camp; but the stumps and brush were so thick that it was some time ere we were enabled to pitch the tents. This was one mile from Manchester, and near a large creek, called the Barren fork of Duck river.
In the morning we were again moving, but nothing worthy of note transpired for several days.
Saturday, July fourth, eighteen hundred and sixty-three. This is the eighty-seventh anniversary of our National Independence, and here we are engaged in civil war. What would our old Revolutionary heroes say, could they but look in upon us? Ah! little did they dream when they laid down the sword and gun, that this country would ever againhave cause to maintain her honor by sword-blade and cannon’s mouth; yet, this curse has been entailed upon us, by the vandal hand of the South. And now, to-day we stand up in a cause just as pure and holy as that for which our fathers fought in days gone by. We battle for our country as a whole; itmust not, itcan notbe divided. Yes,
We’ll battle for our own true flag,We’ll fight for every star;In town, on plain, or beetled crag,Our cause we’ll thunder far.
But, already a light—faint though it be—breaks over our war-tossed homes, and ’tis slowly but surely expanding. Ere another year be passed, we hope to see its effulgent rays light up all the dark corners of our land. That light, is the light of Liberty and Union.
But to our Battery.
We were now camped in the woods near Elk river, and there was but little prospect of our very soon getting out, as it rained almost uninterruptedly for several days, making our condition far from enviable. Our wagons, which had been left at Manchester, arrived early in the morning, as also did the train from Murfreesboro with provisions, which was hailed with delight. But still we were to be kept on half rations, as we had been for some time back.
During the afternoon the writer of this received two boxes of “good things” from home, and the menall gathered around him with open mouths and straining eyes.
There being a little “mountain dew” in one of the boxes, on inspection, it made some of the men feel in better spirits, and rather more patriotic.
Thus passed the 4th of July, 1863.
Tuesday, July 7th. About five o’clock in the afternoon cannonading was heard in the direction of Tullahoma, and from the regularity of the firing it was supposed to be occasioned by some good news. In a short time after, firing was heard much nearer, and evidently in General Thomas’s Corps, which was encamped on the opposite side of Elk river. One half hour later, the joyful news was received of the capture of Vicksburg, and the entire Rebel army of that place. The news spread like wild-fire through the camp, and every one was in high glee. Good news was also received from the army of the Potomac, which was now under the command of Major-General Meade.
Wednesday, July 8th. Early this morning received word to prepare for a move. Some of the batteries in our division fired a salute in honor of the victory achieved at Vicksburg. About half-past 7, we got started, and moved towards Manchester. The roads were in a horrible condition, and it was with difficulty that we were enabled to proceed. We passed through the town of Hillsboro, and here General Woods’s division went into camp while we pushed forward, and at 4 o’clock in the afternoon reachedManchester, a small town on the Chattanooga and Nashville railroad, and went into camp.
Our tents were pitched on the same ground that we formerly occupied, and on the following day we commenced clearing up and regulating the place, as it was evident that we were to remain here for several days. Shades of evergreens were erected over the tents, and the ground being hard and dry our situation was quite pleasant.
On Monday, July 13th, Generals Rosencrans and Crittenden, together with several other distinguished officers, arrived on the cars. They appeared to be on a tour of inspection; but after a short stop proceeded to McMinnville.
The Pay Master arrived on the following Wednesday, and took up quarters with Captain Standart. The next day we were paid for four months’ services, being up to July 1st.
The above comprises about all thatoccurredwhile in camp at Elk river, out of the usual course of camp life. The weather, while here, was quite hot, and frequent thunder storms ensued. Several prisoners were brought in at different times, andnumerousforaging expeditions were sent out, and were generally successful, bringing in oats, rye, and hay. Farmers came in with wagon loads of potatoes, fruit and vegetables, which were readily bought by the soldiers. A number of men in our Battery built ovens, in which they baked bread, pies, etc.; and, as a general thing, we lived on the best the country afforded.
A few days before we left camp an addition was made to our Battery of twelve new members, who were enlisted on the Western Reserve, in Ohio. Orderly Sergeant Thompson, received his commission as Second Lieutenant, and William Camp was appointed Orderly Sergeant. William Broe, who was wounded at the battle of Stone river, rejoined us. Captain Standart was acting as Chief of Artillery for the division, and also sitting on the Court Martial board. We received a number of fresh horses from Nashville, together with a lot of new clothing. Several of the members who had been left in hospital at Murfreesboro, returned to duty. We remained in this camp just thirty-eight days.
At 3 o’clock on the morning of Sunday, August 16th, we were all aroused from a sound sleep, with the order to “turn out,” and “get ready to march.”
This was rather unexpected, and caused considerable surprise, as it was understood that no movement would be made until Monday. But, “no man knoweth what a day may bring forth.” So move it was, and at 8 o’clock we were “marching along.” About 10 o’clock we crossed Taylor creek, and headed towards McMinnville; but when we had proceeded some five or six miles it clouded up suddenly, and soon we were experiencing one of those thunder storms so peculiar to this region. In a couple of hours the storm had passed over, and the remainder of the day was quite pleasant. We reached Viola near sundown, and camped in a large field near the place.
At daylight all were up and had breakfast, expecting the usual early move. The morning was foggy, but at 8 o’clock the mist cleared away, and two hours later we were on the road.
We now turned off to the right, crossing a small creek; and, as we were now off the McMinnville pike, our expectations of going to that place vanished. We were once more nonplussed as to what was really our destination. As usual, various opinions were expressed.
It would really be laughable to an outsider to hear the surmises and “yarns” of the men about this, that and the other. One thing, however, was quite evident: that from the direction we were taking, we would soon be among the Cumberland mountains; and it further looked as if we were heading towards Chattanooga.
We soon found ourselves on a road over which we had marched nearly a year previous, and which leads from McMinnville to Altamont. This road is a succession of twists and turns, being similar to a street in Boston: it had no apparent beginning, nor ending.
After a tedious day of it—meeting with some slight accidents—at night we came near a large Female Seminary, and camped in the woods close by, and two miles from Collins river.
Started at 8 o’clock the next morning, and soon thereafter crossed Collins river. The road was now ascending, being in many places quite steep, and it was with much difficulty that we were enabled totransport our heavy guns. The horses were all pretty well used up at the end of the day, and some of them had given out entirely.
On Wednesday morning, according to orders of the previous evening, we got an early start, and at five o’clock were all on the road. The horses were suffering for want of food, as we had no forage for them, and we were obliged to send them back on the road for a supply.
The road now lay through a thinly settled part of the country, and very rocky and uneven. Water was scarcely to be obtained, and for the want of which there was much suffering. Frequent halts were found necessary, to rest both men and horses. At 2 o’clock we had made about fifteen miles; had now gained the summit, and were about to descend the mountain. We found this part of the road more heavy than that of the morning. In going down a steep pitch, the reach of the forge was broken, and a little further on, two caissons broke down. The men belonging to the detachments, together with the wagon maker, were left with them to make repairs. The remainder of the Battery continued on, and at 5 o’clock reached the small town of Dunlap, which is located in Sequatchie Valley, and one mile from the foot of the mountain.
At 10 o’clock on the morning of September 3d, we once more made a move, and about noon passed through the town of Jasper, making but a short halt. Five miles beyond the town, we crossed the Sequatchieriver, and halted on its banks long enough to get dinner. At 4 o’clock we again moved forward, and continued on till about 8 o’clock in the evening, when we halted in a large field, about one mile from the Tennessee river.
Our orders were to unharness horses, but to be prepared to cross the river as soon as the moon rose. Accordingly none ventured to sleep; but we built large fires, cooked supper, and patiently awaited for the moon’s rising.
At 10 o’clock Miss Luna showed her face, which was the signal to move; and in a few moments we were on the way to the river. In a short time we reached its bank, and at once commenced crossing by means of ferry-boats; but it was daylight ere all were safely crossed, and at Shellmond.
Shellmond is nothing more than a railroad station, there being only the depot building to give it the name of a place. It is located on the Nashville and Chattanooga railroad, twenty-two miles from Chattanooga, and about sixteen from Stevenson, being on the South bank of Tennessee river. The place had been occupied by the Rebels a short time previous to our arrival, but they had been driven out by Union troops. The depot building, which is of brick, showed rough usage from the effects of cannon balls, shell and bullets—it being pretty well riddled.
About one mile from the depot is a large cavern, called the Knick-a-Jack Cave. Near by, are thesalt works, which had been worked by the Rebels, but which were mostly destroyed by our troops, at the time the Rebels were driven out.
We remained in the above camp until the afternoon of September 5th, when, at 2 o’clock, we were once more on the move.
During our stay here, a large number of troops arrived from different points; and it was now plainly evident that our destination was Chattanooga, or its immediate vicinity, and all were in expectation of soon being once more engaged in deadly array with the enemy. The weather was extremely warm and sultry.
The division to which our Battery was attached, proceeded on the direct road to Chattanooga. In many places the road was narrow and rocky, and our progress was necessarily slow. The Tennessee river was frequently in plain view, and the road ran in close proximity to the railroad. We occasionally passed places where the Rebels had made a halt, and had hastily erected breastworks, or slight stockades, no doubt from fear of an attack from our forces.
At dark, all were anxiously awaiting for the order to encamp; but in this were disappointed, for we were still kept on the move. At half-past 9 o’clock we passed the ruins of the railroad bridge at Falling Waters. This bridge was formerly a splendid structure, but was now a complete wreck, having been destroyed by the Rebels. Three miles further,much to our gratification, we filed into a cornfield and camped for the night.
All were weary and well nigh worn out by the protracted march; but fires were soon lighted, and preparations made for supper.
It so happened that there was—to elegantly describe it—a hog pen near by, in which were several fine young “porkers,” and the men—though contrary to orders—were determined to make an inspection of the place. But how to manage the thing, without alarming the guard, was the question. Finally a plan was arranged: Two of the men were to stand sentry, while one, with axe in hand, and another with keen, glittering blade, were to knock on the head, and cut porkers’ throats. This done, they would be thrown out to the sentries, when they would at once drag them off into the field, where the initiated were to be lying in wait to receive them. But, alas! how often are poor mortals’ calculations vain. Owing to some blunder, the pigs took the alarm, and beat a hasty retreat into one corner of the pen, and their outcries soon brought a Major to the scene of action, who at once arrested all those who were in the vicinity of the pen, and all of whom were innocent of any crime. But to the guard-house they were marched, there to dream of pork in all its forms.
At daylight we were again on the move, and shortly after crossed the Georgia line, being the first time we had ever been in that State.
In many places there were evidences of a grand “skedaddle” having been made by the Rebels. The men now anxiously began to enquire along the road the distance to Chattanooga, and what about the enemy. To these questions they received about as intelligent answers as they might expect from a freshly imported Dutchman’s “Nix-cum-erouse,” as all we could learn was, that it was a “right smart distance,” and that Bragg had a “heap” of men, and us Yankees would wish ourselves “done gone.”
At noon, we arrived at Rock Cove mountain, and, on climbing to its summit, went into camp.
We remained here undisturbed during the following day, when, at evening roll-call, we were ordered to prepare to march. A large number of troops had come in during the day, and it was evident to all that something important was soon to occur.
At 1 o’clock on the morning of September 8th, we resumed our march, and without an incident, at night camped by the road-side. At daybreak the following morning, again moved forward, and just before noon arrived at the celebrated Lookout Mountain, and at once commenced its ascent. We were soon in plain view of Chattanooga; and from the top of this mountain the prospect of the surrounding country was grand and picturesque in the extreme.
Owing to the breaking down of a number of the transportation wagons, it was late in the dayere we were all safely over. But great was our surprise, on now finding ourselves faced in a contrary direction to Chattanooga. Soon, however, we learned that the enemy had evacuated the town, and were retreating towards Lafayette; so in that direction we shaped our course. Proceeding five miles further, we camped for the night.
The next day we continued the march, and now began to have skirmishes with the enemy’s rear-guard, and it was thought that a general engagement would soon be brought about.
Shortly before dark, we crossed the small river of Chickamauga, and two miles further on came to a halt.
We moved on the next morning, and after proceeding five miles, halted for dinner. But while we were quietly partaking of our food, a sudden and unexpected assault was made by a force of the enemy’s cavalry, which resulted in the capture of about fifty men of the First Kentucky Infantry, of our brigade, and who were on picket guard. So emboldened were the Rebels by their exploit, that they made a second dash, and into our very midst. But they met with a sudden check, and were soon put to flight, leaving several of their number dead and wounded in our hands. For the remainder of the day we were not disturbed, and lay in camp till the next morning.
The next day, at 10 o’clock in the morning, we arrived at the small town of Graysville. At thisplace were several mills and factories, which had been used in manufacturing various articles for the Confederates. These works were ordered to be destroyed, which was speedily accomplished, and soon thereafter we were again moving.
At 2 o’clock P. M., we reached the town of Ringgold. It was near this place that Colonel Creighton, and Lieutenant-Colonel Crane, of the gallant Seventh Ohio Infantry, were soon afterwards killed, while charging up the steeps at the head of their men.
We were here informed that the enemy’s rear guard had been driven from the town by our advance cavalry.
Remaining here for the night, early in the morning we moved forward; but not until we had destroyed the property of the rampant Rebels who resided in the place.
Passing through the town, we took a South-easterly course, and soon crossed Chickamauga river. After proceeding about eight miles, our column was suddenly brought to a halt, by our scouts coming in contact with the enemy’s rear guard. A lively skirmish now ensued, which resulted to our advantage, as several of the Rebels were killed and captured.
After this incident, we continued on our way, and at dark camped near Lee and Gordon’s Mills, which are situated on the Chickamauga river. Troops were constantly coming in, and there seemedto be a general concentration of our forces at this point. Something momentous was on the tapis.
Long ere daylight the following morning, we had made preparations to move, and were awaiting orders. From various movements going on in camp, it was apparent that the enemy were meditating mischief, as it was well known that they were in strong force in our immediate vicinity. About dark we changed our position by crossing the river.
At early dawn the next morning all were ready for orders. After waiting for some hours, word reached us that the enemy were retreating. Immediately we were pushed forward, and after going a few miles, arrived at a cross roads, when a halt was ordered.
It was now ascertained that the enemy were gradually falling back to the town of Lafayette, and where it was supposed they would concentrate their force and await an attack.
At 7 o’clock of the same evening, the clear, ringing notes of the bugle summoned us to our respective posts, and in less than ten minutes thereafter we were moving. But instead of going forward, a retrograde movement was made; or, in other words, we fell back. Here was mystery on mystery, to us soldiers, and many a sly wink, or ominous shake of the head, was exchanged. Two days later, however, plainly showed what this movement meant. All along the road flashed the camp-fires of the Union army. The night was cold and cheerless,and around the fires groups of weary, worn-out soldiers were gathered. Many a draft was made on some Confederate’s rail fence, for fuel to keep the fires going. Onward we slowly moved, sometimes through cornfields and woods. At 8 o’clock we turned into a large field, and now expected to go into camp. But in this were disappointed, for an hour later we were again ordered to proceed. Near midnight we turned into a cornfield, and, after considerable maneuvering, were ordered to pitch tents.
At peep-of-day, on the morning of September 18th, the camp was astir. Breakfast was hurried up, horses fed and watered, and soon we were ready to move. Orders were frequently given, and as often countermanded. Horses were harnessed and unharnessed, some half dozen times; but at last we made a go of it. Every few moments a halt was ordered; and thus it went until the day was nearly ended, and little progress had been made.
Shortly before dark we arrived at Gordon’s Mills and came to a halt. Considerable cannonading was now heard on our right, and Madame Rumor, with her thousand tongues, was busily circulating all manner of reports throughout the lines. One thing, however, was certain; and that was, matters must soon come to a focus, which the events of the following day will fully demonstrate.
At 8 o’clock, the same evening, our horses were harnessed and hitched to the guns; but hour afterhour went by, and no word to move. Troops were constantly filing past our Battery. We huddled around the camp-fires and patiently awaited for orders. At midnight came the word to “forward,” and away we went. But little did we dream of what was in store for us the day following, and which resulted so disastrously to the Army of the Cumberland.