[23]
Taxes are levied, not only upon the liquors themselves, but upon the business of brewing and rectifying; of selling by wholesale and by retail; of manufacturing stills; and upon the stills themselves. A list of these taxes may be obtained from the collector of any internal revenue district.
Taxes are levied, not only upon the liquors themselves, but upon the business of brewing and rectifying; of selling by wholesale and by retail; of manufacturing stills; and upon the stills themselves. A list of these taxes may be obtained from the collector of any internal revenue district.
[24]
These were exactly like those imposed by Parliament in the Stamp Act of 1765
These were exactly like those imposed by Parliament in the Stamp Act of 1765
[25]
See also Article 1, Section 9, Clause 4:No capitation, or other direct, tax shall be laid unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken.
See also Article 1, Section 9, Clause 4:No capitation, or other direct, tax shall be laid unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken.
[26]
These arepoll taxes. Such a tax was levied on slaves in 1798 and 1813.
These arepoll taxes. Such a tax was levied on slaves in 1798 and 1813.
[27]
No gold one-dollar pieces have been coined since 1890.
No gold one-dollar pieces have been coined since 1890.
[28]
Our full legal-tender coins at present are the gold coins, silver dollars, United States notes, and Treasury notes of 1890. Subsidiary silver coins are legal tender in amounts not greater than $10.00, and the minor coins are legal tender to the amount of twenty-five cents.
Our full legal-tender coins at present are the gold coins, silver dollars, United States notes, and Treasury notes of 1890. Subsidiary silver coins are legal tender in amounts not greater than $10.00, and the minor coins are legal tender to the amount of twenty-five cents.
[29]
See "Government in State and Nation," p. 193, for a further discussion of bankrupt laws—especially that of 1898.
See "Government in State and Nation," p. 193, for a further discussion of bankrupt laws—especially that of 1898.
[30]
The total receipts of the Post-office Department for 1910 were $224,128,657.
The total receipts of the Post-office Department for 1910 were $224,128,657.
[31]
According to the report of the superintendent for the year ending June 30, 1910, 41,079 routes had been established. The rural population receiving daily mail service amounted to more than 18,000,000. Two thousand one hundred and twenty-four new rural routes were authorized in 1911, aggregating 51,230 miles in length. President Taft urged a further extension of the system.
According to the report of the superintendent for the year ending June 30, 1910, 41,079 routes had been established. The rural population receiving daily mail service amounted to more than 18,000,000. Two thousand one hundred and twenty-four new rural routes were authorized in 1911, aggregating 51,230 miles in length. President Taft urged a further extension of the system.
[32]
In the year 1910, 37,421 patents were granted by our government.
In the year 1910, 37,421 patents were granted by our government.
[33]
The minimum number of men was fixed at 57,000. In 1908, the number of officers and men in the army was 72,628.
The minimum number of men was fixed at 57,000. In 1908, the number of officers and men in the army was 72,628.
[34]
For the government of this district, see "Government in State and Nation," p. 204.
For the government of this district, see "Government in State and Nation," p. 204.
[35]
Bryce, "American Commonwealth," I, 390.
Bryce, "American Commonwealth," I, 390.
[36]
Clause 1 of this article formed an important part of the third great compromise, which was discussed on p. 43.
Clause 1 of this article formed an important part of the third great compromise, which was discussed on p. 43.
[37]
Clause 4 is discussed under National Finances, p. 84.
Clause 4 is discussed under National Finances, p. 84.
[38]
In the celebrated Dartmouth College case, it was finally determined that a State legislature may not modify the terms of a contract. See Life of John Marshall, by Magruder, "American Statesmen," new ed., 188-190.
In the celebrated Dartmouth College case, it was finally determined that a State legislature may not modify the terms of a contract. See Life of John Marshall, by Magruder, "American Statesmen," new ed., 188-190.
[39]
See Appendix A.
See Appendix A.
[40]
It has sometimes happened, however, when the election in a State has been close, that one or more of the electors on a minority ticket have run ahead of the other candidates on that ticket, and have secured a larger number of votes than candidates on the majority ticket, thus obtaining an election. California, in 1892, gave one electoral vote to Mr. Harrison and eight to Mr. Cleveland, and again, in 1896, gave eight votes to Mr. McKinley and one to Mr. Bryan. Kentucky, in 1896, cast twelve votes for Mr. McKinley and one for Mr. Bryan.
It has sometimes happened, however, when the election in a State has been close, that one or more of the electors on a minority ticket have run ahead of the other candidates on that ticket, and have secured a larger number of votes than candidates on the majority ticket, thus obtaining an election. California, in 1892, gave one electoral vote to Mr. Harrison and eight to Mr. Cleveland, and again, in 1896, gave eight votes to Mr. McKinley and one to Mr. Bryan. Kentucky, in 1896, cast twelve votes for Mr. McKinley and one for Mr. Bryan.
[41]
What constitutes disability has not been settled. President Garfield performed only the single executive act of signing an extradition paper from July 2 to September 19, 1881. The fact of his inability to discharge the duties of President was not formally established. Nor was there declared disability in the case of President McKinley, between September 6 and the day of his death, September 14, 1901.
What constitutes disability has not been settled. President Garfield performed only the single executive act of signing an extradition paper from July 2 to September 19, 1881. The fact of his inability to discharge the duties of President was not formally established. Nor was there declared disability in the case of President McKinley, between September 6 and the day of his death, September 14, 1901.
[42]
It is frequently urged, with good reason, that this date should be changed to a time of year when the weather in Washington would be more favorable. An amendment, recently sanctioned by the Senate, provides that the date for the inauguration shall be the last Thursday of April. The chief objection to this change seems to be the further extension of time between the election and the assuming of duties.
It is frequently urged, with good reason, that this date should be changed to a time of year when the weather in Washington would be more favorable. An amendment, recently sanctioned by the Senate, provides that the date for the inauguration shall be the last Thursday of April. The chief objection to this change seems to be the further extension of time between the election and the assuming of duties.
[43]
James Ford Rhodes,Scribner's Magazine,February, 1903.
James Ford Rhodes,Scribner's Magazine,February, 1903.
[44]
For the suspension of the privilege of the writ ofhabeas corpus, see p. 109.
For the suspension of the privilege of the writ ofhabeas corpus, see p. 109.
[45]
For the power of the President over legislation by means of the veto, see pp. 78, 79.
For the power of the President over legislation by means of the veto, see pp. 78, 79.
[46]
President Harrison was called upon to consider 779 requests for pardon. Of these 527 were granted, wholly or partially. President Cleveland acted on 907 such cases, and granted 506, in whole or in part.
President Harrison was called upon to consider 779 requests for pardon. Of these 527 were granted, wholly or partially. President Cleveland acted on 907 such cases, and granted 506, in whole or in part.
[47]
Those who receive an annual salary of $1000 and above.
Those who receive an annual salary of $1000 and above.
[48]
In 1913 there were 100,000 unclassified or excepted offices. During the year 1901-1902, the civil service rules providing for competitive examinations were extended by order of the President or by act of Congress so as to include the rural free delivery service, employees of the permanent census bureau, and additional employees made necessary because of the war with Spain. Five thousand eight hundred offices were placed on the competition basis in 1911, and 50,000 in 1913.
In 1913 there were 100,000 unclassified or excepted offices. During the year 1901-1902, the civil service rules providing for competitive examinations were extended by order of the President or by act of Congress so as to include the rural free delivery service, employees of the permanent census bureau, and additional employees made necessary because of the war with Spain. Five thousand eight hundred offices were placed on the competition basis in 1911, and 50,000 in 1913.
[49]
Article IV, Section 4.The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence.
Article IV, Section 4.The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence.
[50]
Among scores of similar subjects, our consuls reported, within recent years, on the following: American goods in Syria; American commerce with Asia Minor and Eastern Europe; German opinion of American locomotives; American coal in Germany; European and American competition.
Among scores of similar subjects, our consuls reported, within recent years, on the following: American goods in Syria; American commerce with Asia Minor and Eastern Europe; German opinion of American locomotives; American coal in Germany; European and American competition.
[51]
The work of each department is usually distributed among the bureaus. Bureaus are again divided into divisions. At the head of each bureau is a commissioner, and of each division a chief.
The work of each department is usually distributed among the bureaus. Bureaus are again divided into divisions. At the head of each bureau is a commissioner, and of each division a chief.
[52]
The annual appropriation by Congress for the army alone in 1912 amounted to $90,483,403.
The annual appropriation by Congress for the army alone in 1912 amounted to $90,483,403.
[53]
The appropriation for this department in 1913 was $140,000,000.
The appropriation for this department in 1913 was $140,000,000.
[54]
Report of the Secretary of the Interior, 1910. Within twelve years 89,000 Indians were granted full rights as citizens.
Report of the Secretary of the Interior, 1910. Within twelve years 89,000 Indians were granted full rights as citizens.
[55]
In 1912 there were 838,172 immigrants to the United States, and 2853 were refused admission. Of these there were 767 paupers, 31 contract laborers, 749 diseased persons.
In 1912 there were 838,172 immigrants to the United States, and 2853 were refused admission. Of these there were 767 paupers, 31 contract laborers, 749 diseased persons.
[56]
"The Supreme Court of the United States,"Scribner's Mag., 33:275,276.
"The Supreme Court of the United States,"Scribner's Mag., 33:275,276.
[57]
Statutes at Large, 612.
Statutes at Large, 612.
[58]
See Appendix A.
See Appendix A.
[59]
Story, "Commentaries on the Constitution," § 1784.
Story, "Commentaries on the Constitution," § 1784.
[60]
Exceptions to this statement must be made to cover certain lands reserved by some of the original States that ceded their claims to the United States; as, for instance, the Western Reserve in Ohio retained by Connecticut, and other lands in the same State retained by Virginia.
Exceptions to this statement must be made to cover certain lands reserved by some of the original States that ceded their claims to the United States; as, for instance, the Western Reserve in Ohio retained by Connecticut, and other lands in the same State retained by Virginia.
[61]
For Amendment XI, see p. 160; for Amendment XII, see p. 119.
For Amendment XI, see p. 160; for Amendment XII, see p. 119.
[62]
Among the South American republics, Brazil, Mexico, and Argentine Republic are federal in nature, like the United States and Switzerland.
Among the South American republics, Brazil, Mexico, and Argentine Republic are federal in nature, like the United States and Switzerland.
[63]
Compare the "Bill of Rights" in our Constitution; see pp. 256-260.
Compare the "Bill of Rights" in our Constitution; see pp. 256-260.
[64]
Property qualifications for suffrage are common in European countries.
Property qualifications for suffrage are common in European countries.
[65]
The number of members in the ministries of England and Germany varies.
The number of members in the ministries of England and Germany varies.
[66]
Irish peers are elected for life, and Scottish peers are elected for the duration of a Parliament.
Irish peers are elected for life, and Scottish peers are elected for the duration of a Parliament.
[67]
This system finds its best illustration in the English government, of which a brief description will be found in "Government in State and Nation," pp. 157-160. For references, see questions 14 and 15, p. 161.
This system finds its best illustration in the English government, of which a brief description will be found in "Government in State and Nation," pp. 157-160. For references, see questions 14 and 15, p. 161.