CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Part I.—ExterminationChapterPageI.Former Abundance Of Wild Life1II.Extinct Species Of North American Birds7III.The Next Candidates For Oblivion17IV.Extinct And Nearly Extinct Species Of Mammals34V.The Extermination Of Species, State By State42VI.The Regular Army Of Destruction53VII.The Guerrillas Of Destruction63VIII.The Unseen Foes Of Wild Life73IX.Destruction Of Wild Life By Diseases82X.Destruction Of Wild Life By The Elements88XI.Slaughter Of Song-Birds By Italians94XII.Destruction Of Song-Birds By Southern Negroes And Poor Whites105XIII.Extermination Of Birds For Women's Hats114XIV.The Bird Tragedy On Laysan Island137XV.Unfair Firearms And Shooting Ethics143XVI.The Present And Future Of North American Big Game—I156XVII.The Present And Future Of North American Big Game—II171XVIII.The Present And Future Of African Game181XIX.The Present And Future Of Game In Asia188XX.Destruction Of Birds In The Far East. By C. William Beebe195XXI.The Savage Viewpoint Of The GunneR203Part II.—PreservationXXII.Our Annual Losses By Insects208XXIII.The Economic Value Of Birds213XXIV.Game And Agriculture: Deer As A Food Supply234XXV.Law And Sentiment As Factors In Preservation244XXVI.The Army Of The Defense247XXVII.How To Make A New Game Law258XXVIII.New Laws Needed: A Roll-Call Of The States—I265XXIX.New Laws Needed: A Roll-Call Of The States—II275XXX.New Laws Needed: A Roll-Call Of The States—III283XXXI.New Laws Needed: A Roll-Call Of The States—IV292XXXII.Need For A Federal Migratory Bird Law, No-Sale-Of-Game Law, And Others304XXXIII.Bringing Back The Vanished Birds And Game313XXXIV.Introduced Species That Have Been Beneficial324XXXV.Introduced Species That Have Become Pests330XXXVI.National And State Game Preserves And Bird Refuges335XXXVII.Game Preserves And Game Laws In Canada350XXXVIII.Private Game Preserves358XXXIX.British Game Preserves In Africa364XXL.Breeding Game And Fur In Captivity369XLI.Teaching Wild-Life Protection To The Young376XLII.Ethics Of Sportsmanship382XLIII.The Duty Of American Zoologists To American Wild Life386XLIV.The Greatest Need Of The Cause; And The Duty Of The Hour393ILLUSTRATIONSThe Folly of 1857 and the Lesson of 1912FrontispieceShall We Leave Any One of Them Open?6Six Recently Exterminated North American Birds9Sacred to the Memory of Exterminated Birds15Whooping Cranes in the Zoological Park19California Condor22Primated Grouse, or "Prairie Chicken"25Sage Grouse26Snowy Egrets in the McIlhenny Preserve27Wood-Duck29Gray Squirrel32Skeleton of a Rhytina36Burchell's Zebra37Thylacine, or Tasmanian Wolf38West Indian Seal39California Elephant Seal40The Regular Army of Destruction55G.O. Shields58Two Gunners of Kansas City61Why the Sandhill Crane is Becoming Extinct62A Market Gunner at Work on Marsh Island64Ruffed Grouse65A Lawful Bag of Ruffed Grouse66Snow Bunting68A Hunting Cat and Its Victim76Eastern Red Squirrel79Cooper's Hawk80Sharp-Shinned Hawk81The Cat that Killed Fifty-eight Birds in One Year81An Italian Roccolo on Lake Como95Dead Song-Birds104The Robin of the North107The Mocking-Bird of the South107Northern Robins Ready for Southern Slaughter108Southern-Negro Method of Combing Out the Wild Life111Beautiful and Curious Birds Destroyed for the Feather Trade—I115Sixteen Hundred Hummingbirds at Two Cents Each116Beautiful and Curious Birds Destroyed for the Feather Trade—II118Beautiful and Curious Birds—III123Fight in England Against the Use of Plumage128Young Egrets, Unable to Fly, Starving132Snowy Egret Dead on Her Nest132Miscellaneous Bird Skins, Eight Cents Each135Laysan Albatrosses, Before the Great Slaughter138Laysan Albatross Rookery, After the Great Slaughter139Acres of Gull and Albatross Bones140Shed Filled with Wings of Slaughtered Birds141Four of the Seven Machine Guns144The Champion Game-Slaughter Case147Slaughtered According to Law149A Letter that Tells its Own Story151The "Sunday Gun"154The Prong-Horned Antelope160Hungry Elk in Jackson Hole168The Wichita National Bison Herd179Pheasant Snares197Pheasant Skins Seized at Rangoon198Deadfall Traps in Burma199One Morning's Catch of Trout near Spokane205The Cut-Worm209The Gypsy Moth211Downy Woodpecker214Baltimore Oriole217Nighthawk218Purple Martin219Bob-White221Rose-Breasted Grosbeak223Barn Owl225Golden-Winged Woodpecker227Kildeer Plover230Jacksnipe230A Food Supply of White-Tailed Deer235White-Tailed Deer239Notable Protectors of Wild Life: Madison Grant, Henry Fairfield Osborn, John F. Lacey, and William Dutcher249Notable Protectors: Forbush, Pearson, Burnham, Napier251Notable Protectors: Phillips, Kalbfus, McIlhenny, Ward255Band-Tailed Pigeon273Six Wild Chipmunks Dine with Mr. Loring315Chickadee, Tamed316Chipmunk, Tamed316Object Lesson in Bringing Back the Ducks317Gulls and Terns of Our Coast321Egrets and Herons in Sanctuary on Marsh Island363Bird Day at Carrick, Pa379Distributing Bird Boxes and Fruit Trees381MAPSThe Wilderness of North America155Former and Existing Ranges of the Elk164Map Showing the Disappearance of the Lion183States and Provinces Requiring Resident Licenses.303Eighteen States Prohibit the Sale of Game307Map Used in Campaign for Bayne Law309United States National Game Preserves339Bird Reservations on the Gulf Coast and Florida349Marsh Island and Adjacent Preserves361Most Important Game Preserves of Africa366
Part I.—Extermination
Chapter
Page
I.
Former Abundance Of Wild Life
1
II.
Extinct Species Of North American Birds
7
III.
The Next Candidates For Oblivion
17
IV.
Extinct And Nearly Extinct Species Of Mammals
34
V.
The Extermination Of Species, State By State
42
VI.
The Regular Army Of Destruction
53
VII.
The Guerrillas Of Destruction
63
VIII.
The Unseen Foes Of Wild Life
73
IX.
Destruction Of Wild Life By Diseases
82
X.
Destruction Of Wild Life By The Elements
88
XI.
Slaughter Of Song-Birds By Italians
94
XII.
Destruction Of Song-Birds By Southern Negroes And Poor Whites
105
XIII.
Extermination Of Birds For Women's Hats
114
XIV.
The Bird Tragedy On Laysan Island
137
XV.
Unfair Firearms And Shooting Ethics
143
XVI.
The Present And Future Of North American Big Game—I
156
XVII.
The Present And Future Of North American Big Game—II
171
XVIII.
The Present And Future Of African Game
181
XIX.
The Present And Future Of Game In Asia
188
XX.
Destruction Of Birds In The Far East. By C. William Beebe
195
XXI.
The Savage Viewpoint Of The GunneR
203
Part II.—Preservation
XXII.
Our Annual Losses By Insects
208
XXIII.
The Economic Value Of Birds
213
XXIV.
Game And Agriculture: Deer As A Food Supply
234
XXV.
Law And Sentiment As Factors In Preservation
244
XXVI.
The Army Of The Defense
247
XXVII.
How To Make A New Game Law
258
XXVIII.
New Laws Needed: A Roll-Call Of The States—I
265
XXIX.
New Laws Needed: A Roll-Call Of The States—II
275
XXX.
New Laws Needed: A Roll-Call Of The States—III
283
XXXI.
New Laws Needed: A Roll-Call Of The States—IV
292
XXXII.
Need For A Federal Migratory Bird Law, No-Sale-Of-Game Law, And Others
304
XXXIII.
Bringing Back The Vanished Birds And Game
313
XXXIV.
Introduced Species That Have Been Beneficial
324
XXXV.
Introduced Species That Have Become Pests
330
XXXVI.
National And State Game Preserves And Bird Refuges
335
XXXVII.
Game Preserves And Game Laws In Canada
350
XXXVIII.
Private Game Preserves
358
XXXIX.
British Game Preserves In Africa
364
XXL.
Breeding Game And Fur In Captivity
369
XLI.
Teaching Wild-Life Protection To The Young
376
XLII.
Ethics Of Sportsmanship
382
XLIII.
The Duty Of American Zoologists To American Wild Life
386
XLIV.
The Greatest Need Of The Cause; And The Duty Of The Hour
393
ILLUSTRATIONS
The Folly of 1857 and the Lesson of 1912
Frontispiece
Shall We Leave Any One of Them Open?
6
Six Recently Exterminated North American Birds
9
Sacred to the Memory of Exterminated Birds
15
Whooping Cranes in the Zoological Park
19
California Condor
22
Primated Grouse, or "Prairie Chicken"
25
Sage Grouse
26
Snowy Egrets in the McIlhenny Preserve
27
Wood-Duck
29
Gray Squirrel
32
Skeleton of a Rhytina
36
Burchell's Zebra
37
Thylacine, or Tasmanian Wolf
38
West Indian Seal
39
California Elephant Seal
40
The Regular Army of Destruction
55
G.O. Shields
58
Two Gunners of Kansas City
61
Why the Sandhill Crane is Becoming Extinct
62
A Market Gunner at Work on Marsh Island
64
Ruffed Grouse
65
A Lawful Bag of Ruffed Grouse
66
Snow Bunting
68
A Hunting Cat and Its Victim
76
Eastern Red Squirrel
79
Cooper's Hawk
80
Sharp-Shinned Hawk
81
The Cat that Killed Fifty-eight Birds in One Year
81
An Italian Roccolo on Lake Como
95
Dead Song-Birds
104
The Robin of the North
107
The Mocking-Bird of the South
107
Northern Robins Ready for Southern Slaughter
108
Southern-Negro Method of Combing Out the Wild Life
111
Beautiful and Curious Birds Destroyed for the Feather Trade—I
115
Sixteen Hundred Hummingbirds at Two Cents Each
116
Beautiful and Curious Birds Destroyed for the Feather Trade—II
118
Beautiful and Curious Birds—III
123
Fight in England Against the Use of Plumage
128
Young Egrets, Unable to Fly, Starving
132
Snowy Egret Dead on Her Nest
132
Miscellaneous Bird Skins, Eight Cents Each
135
Laysan Albatrosses, Before the Great Slaughter
138
Laysan Albatross Rookery, After the Great Slaughter
139
Acres of Gull and Albatross Bones
140
Shed Filled with Wings of Slaughtered Birds
141
Four of the Seven Machine Guns
144
The Champion Game-Slaughter Case
147
Slaughtered According to Law
149
A Letter that Tells its Own Story
151
The "Sunday Gun"
154
The Prong-Horned Antelope
160
Hungry Elk in Jackson Hole
168
The Wichita National Bison Herd
179
Pheasant Snares
197
Pheasant Skins Seized at Rangoon
198
Deadfall Traps in Burma
199
One Morning's Catch of Trout near Spokane
205
The Cut-Worm
209
The Gypsy Moth
211
Downy Woodpecker
214
Baltimore Oriole
217
Nighthawk
218
Purple Martin
219
Bob-White
221
Rose-Breasted Grosbeak
223
Barn Owl
225
Golden-Winged Woodpecker
227
Kildeer Plover
230
Jacksnipe
230
A Food Supply of White-Tailed Deer
235
White-Tailed Deer
239
Notable Protectors of Wild Life: Madison Grant, Henry Fairfield Osborn, John F. Lacey, and William Dutcher
249
Notable Protectors: Forbush, Pearson, Burnham, Napier
251
Notable Protectors: Phillips, Kalbfus, McIlhenny, Ward
255
Band-Tailed Pigeon
273
Six Wild Chipmunks Dine with Mr. Loring
315
Chickadee, Tamed
316
Chipmunk, Tamed
316
Object Lesson in Bringing Back the Ducks
317
Gulls and Terns of Our Coast
321
Egrets and Herons in Sanctuary on Marsh Island
363
Bird Day at Carrick, Pa
379
Distributing Bird Boxes and Fruit Trees
381
MAPS
The Wilderness of North America
155
Former and Existing Ranges of the Elk
164
Map Showing the Disappearance of the Lion
183
States and Provinces Requiring Resident Licenses.
303
Eighteen States Prohibit the Sale of Game
307
Map Used in Campaign for Bayne Law
309
United States National Game Preserves
339
Bird Reservations on the Gulf Coast and Florida
349
Marsh Island and Adjacent Preserves
361
Most Important Game Preserves of Africa
366