[121]See chapter iii., p. 67, ofAncient Rome
[121]See chapter iii., p. 67, ofAncient Rome
[122]De titulis in quibus impensæ monumentorum sepulcralium indicatæ sunt.
[122]De titulis in quibus impensæ monumentorum sepulcralium indicatæ sunt.
[123]See Luigi Grifi:Sopra la iscrizione antica dell' auriga Scirto, in theAccademia archeologica, 1854, v. xiii.
[123]See Luigi Grifi:Sopra la iscrizione antica dell' auriga Scirto, in theAccademia archeologica, 1854, v. xiii.
[124]See theCorpus inscriptionum latinarum, vol. vi., part 2, nos. 4327-5886.
[124]See theCorpus inscriptionum latinarum, vol. vi., part 2, nos. 4327-5886.
[125]See Walch:Ad Gorii Xenia, p. 98.—Orelli-Henzen: vol. 2, no. 4789, etc.
[125]See Walch:Ad Gorii Xenia, p. 98.—Orelli-Henzen: vol. 2, no. 4789, etc.
[126]Monumenti inediti dell' Instituto di correspondenza archeologica, Supplemento, 1891.
[126]Monumenti inediti dell' Instituto di correspondenza archeologica, Supplemento, 1891.
[127]Titus, 4.
[127]Titus, 4.
[128]See:—Pietro Sante Bartoli:Gli antichi sepolcri. Roma: de Rossi, 1727.—Corpus inscriptionum latinarum, vol. vi., part ii., pp. 1073, 1076.—Villa Pamphylia, ejusque palatium cum suis prospectibus: statuæ, fontes, vivaria. Romae: fol. max.—Ignazio Ciampi:Innocenzo X Pamfili e la sua corte. Roma: Galeati, 1878.
[128]See:—Pietro Sante Bartoli:Gli antichi sepolcri. Roma: de Rossi, 1727.—Corpus inscriptionum latinarum, vol. vi., part ii., pp. 1073, 1076.—Villa Pamphylia, ejusque palatium cum suis prospectibus: statuæ, fontes, vivaria. Romae: fol. max.—Ignazio Ciampi:Innocenzo X Pamfili e la sua corte. Roma: Galeati, 1878.
[129]See:—Otto Jahn:Die Wandgemälde des Columbariums in der Villa Pamfili, in theAbhandlungen der bayerischen Akademie, 1857.—Eugen Petersen:Sitzungsberichte des Archäologischen Instituts, Römische Abtheilung, March 18, 1892.
[129]See:—Otto Jahn:Die Wandgemälde des Columbariums in der Villa Pamfili, in theAbhandlungen der bayerischen Akademie, 1857.—Eugen Petersen:Sitzungsberichte des Archäologischen Instituts, Römische Abtheilung, March 18, 1892.
[130]A discovery of the same kind has come within my experience. In 1885, while excavating near the city walls, between the Porta S. Lorenzo and the Porta Maggiore, we found an amphora of great size, containing the corpse of a little child embedded in lime. He had probably died of a contagious disease. The corpse had been reduced to a handful of tiny bones; and the impression of them was so spoiled by dampness and age that it was found impossible to cast the form of the infant.
[130]A discovery of the same kind has come within my experience. In 1885, while excavating near the city walls, between the Porta S. Lorenzo and the Porta Maggiore, we found an amphora of great size, containing the corpse of a little child embedded in lime. He had probably died of a contagious disease. The corpse had been reduced to a handful of tiny bones; and the impression of them was so spoiled by dampness and age that it was found impossible to cast the form of the infant.
[131]Digest, index., 2, 5, § 3.
[131]Digest, index., 2, 5, § 3.
[132]See:—Notizie degli Scavi, 1884, p. 393.—Henzen:Bullettino dell' Instituto, 1885, p. 9.—Stevenson:idem, 1885, p. 22.—Geffroy:Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome, 1885, p. 318, pl. vii-xiii.
[132]See:—Notizie degli Scavi, 1884, p. 393.—Henzen:Bullettino dell' Instituto, 1885, p. 9.—Stevenson:idem, 1885, p. 22.—Geffroy:Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome, 1885, p. 318, pl. vii-xiii.
[133]See C. Ludovico Visconti:Il sepolcro del fanciullo Quinto Sulpicio Massimo.Roma, 1871.—Wilhelm Henzen:Sepolcri antichi rinvenuti alla porta salaria, in theBullettino dell' Instituto, 1871, p. 98.—Luigi Ciofi:Inscriptiones latinæ et græcæ, cum carmine græco extemporali Quinti Sulpicii Maximi. Roma, 1871.—J. Henry Parker:Tombs in and near Rome. Oxford, 1877. (Plate X.)
[133]See C. Ludovico Visconti:Il sepolcro del fanciullo Quinto Sulpicio Massimo.Roma, 1871.—Wilhelm Henzen:Sepolcri antichi rinvenuti alla porta salaria, in theBullettino dell' Instituto, 1871, p. 98.—Luigi Ciofi:Inscriptiones latinæ et græcæ, cum carmine græco extemporali Quinti Sulpicii Maximi. Roma, 1871.—J. Henry Parker:Tombs in and near Rome. Oxford, 1877. (Plate X.)
[134]On the subject of this competition see:—Suetonius:Domitian, 4.—Stefano Morcelli:Sull' Agone Capitolino. Dissertazione postuma. Milano, 1816.—Joachim Marquardt:Handbuch der römischen Alterthümer, iv., 453.
[134]On the subject of this competition see:—Suetonius:Domitian, 4.—Stefano Morcelli:Sull' Agone Capitolino. Dissertazione postuma. Milano, 1816.—Joachim Marquardt:Handbuch der römischen Alterthümer, iv., 453.
[135]See Cesare Lucchesini:Esame della questione se i latini avessero veri poeti improvvisatori. Lucca, 1828.
[135]See Cesare Lucchesini:Esame della questione se i latini avessero veri poeti improvvisatori. Lucca, 1828.
[136]The bibliography on Herodes Atticus and his villa at the second milestone of the Appian Way is so rich that I can mention but a few of the leading works, besides Visconti's.—Claude Saumaise:Mémoires sur la vie d'Herodes Atticus,inAcadémie des inscriptions et belles lettres, xxx. p. 25;Corpus inscriptionum græcarum:vol. iii. no. 6280, p. 924.—Wilhelm Dittenberger:Die Familie des Herodes Atticus.—Richard Burgess:Description of the Circus on the Via Appia. Italian translation, p. 89. Rome, 1829.—Ludovico Bianconi:Descrizione dei circhi e particolarmente di quello di Caracalla. Roma, 1786.—Antonio Nibby:Del circo volgarmente detto di Caracalla. Roma, 1825.
[136]The bibliography on Herodes Atticus and his villa at the second milestone of the Appian Way is so rich that I can mention but a few of the leading works, besides Visconti's.—Claude Saumaise:Mémoires sur la vie d'Herodes Atticus,inAcadémie des inscriptions et belles lettres, xxx. p. 25;Corpus inscriptionum græcarum:vol. iii. no. 6280, p. 924.—Wilhelm Dittenberger:Die Familie des Herodes Atticus.—Richard Burgess:Description of the Circus on the Via Appia. Italian translation, p. 89. Rome, 1829.—Ludovico Bianconi:Descrizione dei circhi e particolarmente di quello di Caracalla. Roma, 1786.—Antonio Nibby:Del circo volgarmente detto di Caracalla. Roma, 1825.
[137]When Maxentius repaired the Appian Way in 309, one of these commemorative columns was converted into a milestone, the seventh from the Porta Capena. The column was removed in the Middle Ages to the Church of S. Eusebio on the Esquiline, where it was seen and purchased, at the beginning of the last century, by cardinal Alessandro Albani. It now belongs to the Capitoline Museum.
[137]When Maxentius repaired the Appian Way in 309, one of these commemorative columns was converted into a milestone, the seventh from the Porta Capena. The column was removed in the Middle Ages to the Church of S. Eusebio on the Esquiline, where it was seen and purchased, at the beginning of the last century, by cardinal Alessandro Albani. It now belongs to the Capitoline Museum.
[138]I comentari di Frontino intorno le acque e gli acquedotti: Opera premiata dalla r. Accademia dei Lincei col premio reale di lire 10,000. Roma, Salviucci, 1880.
[138]I comentari di Frontino intorno le acque e gli acquedotti: Opera premiata dalla r. Accademia dei Lincei col premio reale di lire 10,000. Roma, Salviucci, 1880.
[139]Among the modern writers on the subject are:—Christian Hülsen:Die Auffindung der römischen Leiche vom Jahre1485, in theMittheilungen des Instituts für österreichische Geschichtforschung, Band iv., Heft 3.—J. Addington Symonds:History of the Renaissance, i. 23.—Giovanni Antonio Riccy:Dell' antico pago Lemonio. Roma, 1802 (p. 109).—Gregorovius:Geschichte der Stadt Rom im Mittelalter, vii., 3, p. 571.—Corpus inscriptionum latinarum, vol. vi., no. 20,634.Contemporary documents:—Stefano Infessura:Diario, edited by Tommasini. Rome, 1890.—Notarius a Nantiportu: inCod. Vatic., 6,823, f. 250.—Raffaele Maffei da Volterra (Volterranus, born 1451, died 1522):Commentarii rerum Urbanarum, column 954 of the Lyons edition, 1552.—Bartolomeo Fonte (Humanist, born 1445, died 1513): letter to Francesco Sassetto, published by Janitschek:Gesells. der Rénaissance, p. 120.—Letter from Laur Pehem, dated April 15, 1475, in theCod. Munich, 716 (among the papers collected by Hartman Schedel).—Copy of a letter from messer Daniele da San Sebastiano to Giacomo di Maphei, citizen of Verona, in theCod. Marciano(Venice), xiv. 267.—Alexander ab Alexandro (born at Naples, 1461, died in Rome, 1523):Genialium Dierum, iii. 2.—Fragment of the diary of Antonio di Vaseli (1481-1486), in theArchives of the Vatican, Armar. XV. fasc. 41.—Fragment of the diary of Corona (first entry Jan. 30, 1481; last July 25, 1492) in the possession of H.D. Grissel, Esq.—Anonym ap. Mountfaucon,Diarium Italicum, xi. 157.
[139]Among the modern writers on the subject are:—Christian Hülsen:Die Auffindung der römischen Leiche vom Jahre1485, in theMittheilungen des Instituts für österreichische Geschichtforschung, Band iv., Heft 3.—J. Addington Symonds:History of the Renaissance, i. 23.—Giovanni Antonio Riccy:Dell' antico pago Lemonio. Roma, 1802 (p. 109).—Gregorovius:Geschichte der Stadt Rom im Mittelalter, vii., 3, p. 571.—Corpus inscriptionum latinarum, vol. vi., no. 20,634.
Contemporary documents:—Stefano Infessura:Diario, edited by Tommasini. Rome, 1890.—Notarius a Nantiportu: inCod. Vatic., 6,823, f. 250.—Raffaele Maffei da Volterra (Volterranus, born 1451, died 1522):Commentarii rerum Urbanarum, column 954 of the Lyons edition, 1552.—Bartolomeo Fonte (Humanist, born 1445, died 1513): letter to Francesco Sassetto, published by Janitschek:Gesells. der Rénaissance, p. 120.—Letter from Laur Pehem, dated April 15, 1475, in theCod. Munich, 716 (among the papers collected by Hartman Schedel).—Copy of a letter from messer Daniele da San Sebastiano to Giacomo di Maphei, citizen of Verona, in theCod. Marciano(Venice), xiv. 267.—Alexander ab Alexandro (born at Naples, 1461, died in Rome, 1523):Genialium Dierum, iii. 2.—Fragment of the diary of Antonio di Vaseli (1481-1486), in theArchives of the Vatican, Armar. XV. fasc. 41.—Fragment of the diary of Corona (first entry Jan. 30, 1481; last July 25, 1492) in the possession of H.D. Grissel, Esq.—Anonym ap. Mountfaucon,Diarium Italicum, xi. 157.
[140]Sponges are most frequently found in thecistæat Palestrina, which were nothing else but toilet-boxes. I have had the opportunity of examining the contents of twelve of them, lately discovered. These include sponges, combs of various kinds and shapes, hairpins, wooden boxes with movable lids, still full of excellent powders, cosmetics, and ointments, and other articles of themundus muliebris.
[140]Sponges are most frequently found in thecistæat Palestrina, which were nothing else but toilet-boxes. I have had the opportunity of examining the contents of twelve of them, lately discovered. These include sponges, combs of various kinds and shapes, hairpins, wooden boxes with movable lids, still full of excellent powders, cosmetics, and ointments, and other articles of themundus muliebris.
[141]Principal authorities:—Philip de Winghe:Cod. biblioth. Bruxell. 17872.—Panvinius:De Cœmeteriis Urbis Romæ. Rome, 1568.—Antonio Bosio:Roma sotterranea; opera postuma. Roma, 1632-34.—Paolo Aringhi:Roma subterranea novissima.Roma, 1651 fol. Cologne, 1659 fol.—M.A. Boldetti:Osservazioni sopra i cimiteri de' SS. martiri.Roma, Salvioni, 1720.—Giovanni Bottari:Sculture e pitture estratte dai cimiteri di Roma.3 vol. Roma, 1737-54.—Filippo Buonarroti:Vasi antichi di vetro ornati di figure, etc. Firenze, 1716, 4.—Raoul Rochette:Le catacombe di Roma.Milano, 1841.—Giuseppe Marchi:Monumenti delle arti cristiane primitive.Roma, Puccinelli, 1844.—Raffaele Garrucci:Storia dell' arte cristiana.Roma: 6 vol. fol.;Vetri ornati di figure in oro, trovati nei cimiteri dei Cristiani.Rome, Salviucci, 1858.—Louis Perret:Les catacombes de Rome, etc. 6 vol. fol. Paris, 1852-1856.—De Rossi:Roma sotterranea cristiana.3 vol. fol. Roma, Salviucci, 1864;Inscriptiones Christianæ Urbis Romæ.2 vol. fol. Rome, 1861-1887;Bullettino di archeologia cristiana.Roma, Salviucci, 1863-1891.—Northcote and Brownlow:Roma sotterranea.2 volumes 8vo, 2d ed. London, Longmans, 1878.—Northcote:Epitaphs of the Catacombs.London, Longmans, 1878.—Henry Parker:The Catacombs of Rome.Oxford, Parker, 1877.
[141]Principal authorities:—Philip de Winghe:Cod. biblioth. Bruxell. 17872.—Panvinius:De Cœmeteriis Urbis Romæ. Rome, 1568.—Antonio Bosio:Roma sotterranea; opera postuma. Roma, 1632-34.—Paolo Aringhi:Roma subterranea novissima.Roma, 1651 fol. Cologne, 1659 fol.—M.A. Boldetti:Osservazioni sopra i cimiteri de' SS. martiri.Roma, Salvioni, 1720.—Giovanni Bottari:Sculture e pitture estratte dai cimiteri di Roma.3 vol. Roma, 1737-54.—Filippo Buonarroti:Vasi antichi di vetro ornati di figure, etc. Firenze, 1716, 4.—Raoul Rochette:Le catacombe di Roma.Milano, 1841.—Giuseppe Marchi:Monumenti delle arti cristiane primitive.Roma, Puccinelli, 1844.—Raffaele Garrucci:Storia dell' arte cristiana.Roma: 6 vol. fol.;Vetri ornati di figure in oro, trovati nei cimiteri dei Cristiani.Rome, Salviucci, 1858.—Louis Perret:Les catacombes de Rome, etc. 6 vol. fol. Paris, 1852-1856.—De Rossi:Roma sotterranea cristiana.3 vol. fol. Roma, Salviucci, 1864;Inscriptiones Christianæ Urbis Romæ.2 vol. fol. Rome, 1861-1887;Bullettino di archeologia cristiana.Roma, Salviucci, 1863-1891.—Northcote and Brownlow:Roma sotterranea.2 volumes 8vo, 2d ed. London, Longmans, 1878.—Northcote:Epitaphs of the Catacombs.London, Longmans, 1878.—Henry Parker:The Catacombs of Rome.Oxford, Parker, 1877.
[142]SeeCod. Theodos.index. 17, 2.
[142]SeeCod. Theodos.index. 17, 2.
[143]On the subject of the Jewish colony in Rome, see:—Emmanuel Rodocanachi:Le saint-siège et les Juifs: le Ghetto a Rome.Paris, Didot, 1891.—A. Bertolotti:Les Juifs à Rome.Revue des études juives, 1881, fasc. 4.—Raffaele Garrucci:Cimiterio degli antichi Ebrei.Roma, 1862.—Pietro Manfrin:Gli Ebrei sotto la dominazione romana.Roma, 1888-1890.—Ettore Natali:Il Ghetto di Roma.Roma, 1887.—Perreau:Education et culture des Israelites en Italie au moyen âge.Corfou, 1885.
[143]On the subject of the Jewish colony in Rome, see:—Emmanuel Rodocanachi:Le saint-siège et les Juifs: le Ghetto a Rome.Paris, Didot, 1891.—A. Bertolotti:Les Juifs à Rome.Revue des études juives, 1881, fasc. 4.—Raffaele Garrucci:Cimiterio degli antichi Ebrei.Roma, 1862.—Pietro Manfrin:Gli Ebrei sotto la dominazione romana.Roma, 1888-1890.—Ettore Natali:Il Ghetto di Roma.Roma, 1887.—Perreau:Education et culture des Israelites en Italie au moyen âge.Corfou, 1885.
[144]This "poster," painted in red letters, which is now in the Museo Nazionale, Naples, was published by Zangemeister in vol. iv., p. 13, n. 117, of theCorpus inscriptionum latinarum.—Prof. Mommsen, in theRheinisches Museum, xindex. (1864), p. 456, contradicts the opinion of de Rossi as regards the religious persuasion of this Fabius Eupor (Bullettino di archeologia cristiana, 1864, pp. 70, 92).
[144]This "poster," painted in red letters, which is now in the Museo Nazionale, Naples, was published by Zangemeister in vol. iv., p. 13, n. 117, of theCorpus inscriptionum latinarum.—Prof. Mommsen, in theRheinisches Museum, xindex. (1864), p. 456, contradicts the opinion of de Rossi as regards the religious persuasion of this Fabius Eupor (Bullettino di archeologia cristiana, 1864, pp. 70, 92).
[145]See Champagny:Rome et la Judée, p. 31, of the first edition.
[145]See Champagny:Rome et la Judée, p. 31, of the first edition.
[146]See Suetonius,Domitian, chap. 92; Dion Cassius, lxvii. 13.
[146]See Suetonius,Domitian, chap. 92; Dion Cassius, lxvii. 13.
[147]See Pliny,Epistolæ, x. 67.
[147]See Pliny,Epistolæ, x. 67.
[148]See de Rossi:Bullettinodi archeologia cristiana, 1868, p. 19.
[148]See de Rossi:Bullettinodi archeologia cristiana, 1868, p. 19.
[149]SeeBullettino di archeologia cristiana, 1867, p. 76.
[149]SeeBullettino di archeologia cristiana, 1867, p. 76.
[150]SeeAtti dell' Accademia dei Nuovi Lincei, sessione 6 maggio, 1860.
[150]SeeAtti dell' Accademia dei Nuovi Lincei, sessione 6 maggio, 1860.
[151]Bullettino di archeologia cristiana, 1863, p. 75.
[151]Bullettino di archeologia cristiana, 1863, p. 75.
[152]... passim corpora condensPlurima sanctorum subter hæc mœnia ponit.
[152]... passim corpora condensPlurima sanctorum subter hæc mœnia ponit.
[153]The attention of learned men had been directed towards Christian underground Rome just ten years before this event, by the publication of Panvinio's pamphletDe cæmeteriis urbis Romæ, 1566.
[153]The attention of learned men had been directed towards Christian underground Rome just ten years before this event, by the publication of Panvinio's pamphletDe cæmeteriis urbis Romæ, 1566.
[154]Ad ann. 575; 130, 226.
[154]Ad ann. 575; 130, 226.
[155]SeeBullettino di archeologia cristiana, 1865, p. 36.
[155]SeeBullettino di archeologia cristiana, 1865, p. 36.
[156]See Fea:Miscellanea, vol. i., pp. 238, 245, etc.
[156]See Fea:Miscellanea, vol. i., pp. 238, 245, etc.
[157]It is now in the Vatican Library. A good engraving is to be found in Buonarroti'sOsservazioni sui medaglioni, p. 497.
[157]It is now in the Vatican Library. A good engraving is to be found in Buonarroti'sOsservazioni sui medaglioni, p. 497.
[158]Historiar., iii. 65.
[158]Historiar., iii. 65.
[159]Historiæ, iii. 65.
[159]Historiæ, iii. 65.
[160]The name Ampliatus belongs to servants and freedmen; it was never used by men of rank, whether pagans or Christians.
[160]The name Ampliatus belongs to servants and freedmen; it was never used by men of rank, whether pagans or Christians.
[161]Baroniusad Martyr. 31 October.
[161]Baroniusad Martyr. 31 October.
[162]See Renan'sSt. Paul, lxvii.
[162]See Renan'sSt. Paul, lxvii.
[163]Orazio Marucchi:Di un ipogeo scoperto nel cimitero di S. Sebastiano.Roma, 1879;Un antico busto del Salvatore, etc., in theMélanges de l'Ecole française, 1888, p. 403.—Pietro d' Achille:Il sepolcro di S. Pietro.Roma, 1867.—Giovanni B. Lugari:Le catacombe ossia il sepolcro apostolico dell' Appia.Roma, 1888.—De Rossi:Roma sotterranea cristiana, vol. iii., p. 427;Il sepolcro degli Uranii cristiani a S. Sebastiano, in theBullettino di archeologia cristiana, 1886, p. 24.—Pietro Marchi:Monumenti primitivi delle arti cristiane, p. 212, tav. xxxindex-xli.
[163]Orazio Marucchi:Di un ipogeo scoperto nel cimitero di S. Sebastiano.Roma, 1879;Un antico busto del Salvatore, etc., in theMélanges de l'Ecole française, 1888, p. 403.—Pietro d' Achille:Il sepolcro di S. Pietro.Roma, 1867.—Giovanni B. Lugari:Le catacombe ossia il sepolcro apostolico dell' Appia.Roma, 1888.—De Rossi:Roma sotterranea cristiana, vol. iii., p. 427;Il sepolcro degli Uranii cristiani a S. Sebastiano, in theBullettino di archeologia cristiana, 1886, p. 24.—Pietro Marchi:Monumenti primitivi delle arti cristiane, p. 212, tav. xxxindex-xli.
[164]Inscriptiones Christianæ, vol. ii. 32, 77.
[164]Inscriptiones Christianæ, vol. ii. 32, 77.
[165]Represented in plate index. of theMélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome, 1888.
[165]Represented in plate index. of theMélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome, 1888.
[166]This is also illustrated by Martigny:Dictionnaire, 2d ed. p. 586.—Kraus:Realencyclopädie, ii. p. 580.—Northcote and Brownlow:Roma Sotterranea.London, 1879. (ii. p. 29.)—Roller:Catacombes, planche i., xl. n. 2.—Garrucci:Arte cristiana, tav. 428, 5.—Duchesne:Bullettino critique, Décembre, 1882, p. 288.—De Rossi:Bullettino comunale, 1889, p. 131, tav. v., vi.
[166]This is also illustrated by Martigny:Dictionnaire, 2d ed. p. 586.—Kraus:Realencyclopädie, ii. p. 580.—Northcote and Brownlow:Roma Sotterranea.London, 1879. (ii. p. 29.)—Roller:Catacombes, planche i., xl. n. 2.—Garrucci:Arte cristiana, tav. 428, 5.—Duchesne:Bullettino critique, Décembre, 1882, p. 288.—De Rossi:Bullettino comunale, 1889, p. 131, tav. v., vi.
[167]See:—Giovanni Marangoni:Istoria dell' oratorio appellato Sancta Sanctorum.Roma, 1747.—Gaspare Bambi:Memorie sacre della cappella di Sancta Sanctorum.Roma, 1775.—Giuseppe Soresini:Dell' immagine del SS. Salvatore ad Sancta Sanctorum.Roma, 1675.—Benedetto Millini:Oratorio di S. Lorenzo ad Sancta Sanctorum.Roma, 1616.—Raffaele Garrucci:Storia dell' arte cristiana, vol. i. p. 408.—Rohault de Fleury:Le Latran.
[167]See:—Giovanni Marangoni:Istoria dell' oratorio appellato Sancta Sanctorum.Roma, 1747.—Gaspare Bambi:Memorie sacre della cappella di Sancta Sanctorum.Roma, 1775.—Giuseppe Soresini:Dell' immagine del SS. Salvatore ad Sancta Sanctorum.Roma, 1675.—Benedetto Millini:Oratorio di S. Lorenzo ad Sancta Sanctorum.Roma, 1616.—Raffaele Garrucci:Storia dell' arte cristiana, vol. i. p. 408.—Rohault de Fleury:Le Latran.
[168]A pious but unfounded tradition identifies this picture of Edessa with the one preserved in Genoa, in the church of S. Bartolomeo degli Armeni.
[168]A pious but unfounded tradition identifies this picture of Edessa with the one preserved in Genoa, in the church of S. Bartolomeo degli Armeni.
[169]On the subject of the Paneas group see:—André Peraté:Note sur le groupe de Paneas, inMélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome, 1885, p. 302.—Raoul-Rochette:Discours sur les types imitatifs qui constituent l'art du Christianisme, 1834.—Bayet:Recherches pour servir à l'histoire de la peinture en Orient, p. 29.—Orazio Marucchi:Di un busto del Salvatore, etc., in theMélanges, 1888, p. 403.—Eusebius: H.E. VII., 185, edition Teubner, p. 315.—Grimouard de St. Laurent:Guide de l'art Chrétien, ii. p. 215.
[169]On the subject of the Paneas group see:—André Peraté:Note sur le groupe de Paneas, inMélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome, 1885, p. 302.—Raoul-Rochette:Discours sur les types imitatifs qui constituent l'art du Christianisme, 1834.—Bayet:Recherches pour servir à l'histoire de la peinture en Orient, p. 29.—Orazio Marucchi:Di un busto del Salvatore, etc., in theMélanges, 1888, p. 403.—Eusebius: H.E. VII., 185, edition Teubner, p. 315.—Grimouard de St. Laurent:Guide de l'art Chrétien, ii. p. 215.
[170]See:—Bossio:Roma sotterranea, p. 591, D.—Bruder:Die heiligen Martyren Marcellinus und Petrus. Mainz, 1878.—De Rossi:Bullettino di archeologia cristiana. 1882, p. 111.—Wilpert:Ein Cyclus christologischer Gemälde aus der Katacombe der heiligen Petrus und Marcellinus. Freiburg, 1891.
[170]See:—Bossio:Roma sotterranea, p. 591, D.—Bruder:Die heiligen Martyren Marcellinus und Petrus. Mainz, 1878.—De Rossi:Bullettino di archeologia cristiana. 1882, p. 111.—Wilpert:Ein Cyclus christologischer Gemälde aus der Katacombe der heiligen Petrus und Marcellinus. Freiburg, 1891.
[171]See Becker:Gallus, p. 4.
[171]See Becker:Gallus, p. 4.
[172]SeeAncient Rome, p. 10.
[172]SeeAncient Rome, p. 10.
[173]Giacomo Lombroso:Gli accademici nelle catacombe, in theArchivio della società romana di storia patria, 1889, p. 219.
[173]Giacomo Lombroso:Gli accademici nelle catacombe, in theArchivio della società romana di storia patria, 1889, p. 219.
[174]Bullettino di archeologia cristiana, 1890, p. 81.—See also: de Nollae:Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome, 1866, p. 165.
[174]Bullettino di archeologia cristiana, 1890, p. 81.—See also: de Nollae:Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome, 1866, p. 165.
[175]The house of Pomponius and the seat of the Academy was not on the Esquiline, but on the Quirinal, on the area of the Baths of Constantine, opposite the gate of the Colonna Gardens. The mistake in the name of the hill must be attributed to Pomponius himself, who had written on the door of the house:—POMPONI · LÆTI · ET · SOCIETATIS · ESCVVILINAI. After the reform of the statutes, another sign, less classic in style, was put up: SOCIETAS-LITERATORUM-S-VICTORIS-IN-ESQUILIIS.
[175]The house of Pomponius and the seat of the Academy was not on the Esquiline, but on the Quirinal, on the area of the Baths of Constantine, opposite the gate of the Colonna Gardens. The mistake in the name of the hill must be attributed to Pomponius himself, who had written on the door of the house:—POMPONI · LÆTI · ET · SOCIETATIS · ESCVVILINAI. After the reform of the statutes, another sign, less classic in style, was put up: SOCIETAS-LITERATORUM-S-VICTORIS-IN-ESQUILIIS.
[176]The Temple of Fortune in Rome was dedicated on this very day. See Mommsen, in theCorpus inscriptionum latinarum, vol. i. p. 392.
[176]The Temple of Fortune in Rome was dedicated on this very day. See Mommsen, in theCorpus inscriptionum latinarum, vol. i. p. 392.