Chap. VIII.Tulipa.The Turkes Cap.Next vnto the Lillies, and before the Narcissi or Daffodils, the discourse of Tulipas deserueth his place, for that it partaketh of both their natures; agreeing with the Lillies in leaues, flowers, and seede, and somewhat with the Daffodils in rootes. There are not onely diuers kindes of Tulipas, but sundry diuersities of colours in them, found out in these later dayes by many the searchers of natures varieties, which haue not formerly been obserued: our age being more delighted in the search, curiosity, and rarities of these pleasant delights, then any age I thinke before. But indeede, this flower, aboue many other, deserueth his true commendations and acceptance with all louers of these beauties, both for the stately aspect, and for the admirable varietie of colours, that daily doe arise in them, farre beyond all other plants that grow, in so much, that I doubt, although I shall in this Chapter set downe the varieties of a great many, I shall leaue more vnspoken of, then I shall describe; for I may well say, there is in this one plant no end of diuersity to be expected, euery yeare yeelding a mixture and variety that hath not before been obserued, and all this arising from the sowing of the seede. The chiefe diuision of Tulipas, is into two sorts:Præcoces, early flowring Tulipas, andSerotinæ, late flowring Tulipas. For that sort which is calledMediæorDubiæ, that is, which flower in the middle time betweene them both, and may be thought to be a kinde or sort by it selfe, as well as any of the other two: yet because they doe neerer participate with theSerotinæthen with thePræcoces, not onely in the colour of the leafe, being of the same greennesse with theSerotinæ, and most vsually also, for that it beareth his stalke and flower, high and large like as theSerotinædoe; but especially, for that the seede of aMedia Tulipadid neuer bring forth aPræcoxflower (although I know Clusius, an industrious, learned, and painfull searcher and publisher of these rarities, saith otherwise) so farre as euer I could, by mine owne care or knowledge, in sowing their seede apart, or the assurance of any others, the louers and sowers of Tulipa seede, obserue, learne, or know: and because also that the seede of theSerotinæbringeth forthMedias, and the seede ofMedias Serotinæ, they may well bee comprehended vnder the generall title ofSerotinæ: But because they haue generally receiued the nameMediæ, or middle flowring Tulipas, to distinguish between them, and those that vsually doe flower after them; I am content to set them downe, and speake of them seuerally, as of three sorts. Vnto the place and ranke likewise of thePræcoces, or early flowring Tulipas, there are some other seuerall kinds of Tulipas to be added, which are notably differing, not onely from the formerPræcox Tulipa, but euery one of them, one from another, in some speciall note or other: as theTulipa Boloniensis flore rubro, the red Bolonia Tulipa.Tulipa Boloniensis flore luteo, the yellow Bolonia Tulipa.Tulipa Persica, Persian Tulipa.Tulipa Cretica, the Candie Tulipa, and others: all which shall bee described and entreated of, euery one apart by it selfe, in the end of the ranke of thePræcoces, because all of them flower much about their time. To begin then with thePræcox, or early flowring Tulipas, and after them with theMediasandSerotinas, I shall for the better method, diuide their flowers into foure primary or principall colours, that is to say, White, Purple, Red and Yellow, and vnder every one of these colours, set downe the seuerall varieties of mixtures we haue seene and obserued in them, that so they may be both the better described by me, and the better conceiued by others, and euery one placed in their proper ranke. Yet I shall in this, as I intend to doe in diuers other plants that are variable, giue but one description in generall of the plant, and then set downe the varietie of forme or colour afterwards briefly by themselues.Tulipa præcox.The early flowring Tulipa.The early Tulipa (and so all other Tulipas) springeth out of the ground with his leaues folded one within another, the first or lowest leafe riseth vp first, sharpe pointed, and folded round together, vntill it be an inch or two aboue the ground, which then openeth it selfe, shewing another leafe folded also in the bosome or belly of the first, which in time likewise opening it selfe, sheweth forth a third, and sometimes a fourth and a fifth: the lower leaues are larger then the vpper, and are faire, thicke, broad, long, and hollow like a gutter, and sometimes crumpled on the edges, which will hold water that falleth thereon a long time, of a pale or whitish greene colour, (and theMediæandSerotinæmore greene) couered ouer as it were with a mealinesse or hoarinesse, with an eye or shew of rednesse towards the bottome of the leaues, and the edges in this kinde being more notable white, which are two principall notes to know aPræcox Tulipafrom aMediaorSerotina: the stalke with the flower riseth vp in the middle, as it were through these leaues, which in time stand one aboue another, compassing it at certaine vnequall distances, and is often obserued to bend it selfe crookedly downe to the ground, as if it would thrust his head thereinto, but turning vp his head (which will be the flower) againe, afterwards standeth vpright, sometimes but three or foure fingers or inches high, but more often halfe a foote, and a foot high, but theMedias, andSerotinasmuch higher, carrying (for the most part) but one flower on the toppe thereof, like vnto a Lilly for the forme, consisting of sixe leaues, greene at the first, and afterwards changing into diuers and sundry seuerall colours and varieties, the bottomes likewise of the leaues of these sometimes, but most especially of theMediæ, being as variable as the flower, which are in some yellow, or green, or blacke, in others white, blew, purple, or tawnie; and sometimes one colour circling another: some of them haue little or no sent at all, and some haue a better then others. After it hath been blowne open three or foure dayes or more, it will in the heate of the Sunne spread it selfe open, and lay it selfe almost flat to the stalke: in the middle of the flower standeth a greene long head (which will be the seed vessell) compassed about with sixe chiues, which doe much vary, in being sometimes of one, and sometimes of another colour, tipt with pendents diuersly varied likewise: the head in the middle of the flower groweth after the flower is fallen, to be long, round, and edged, as it were three square, the edges meeting at the toppe, where it is smallest, and making as it were a crowne (which is not seen in the head of any Lilly) and when it is ripe, diuideth it selfe on the inside into sixe rowes, of flat, thinne, brownish, gristly seede, very like vnto the seede of the Lillies, but brighter, stiffer, and more transparent: the roote being well growne is round, and somewhat great, small and pointed at the toppe, and broader, yet roundish at the bottome, with a certaine eminence or seate on the one side, as the roote of the Colchicum hath; but not so long, or great, it hath also an hollownesse on the one side (if it haue borne a flower) where the stalke grew, (for although in the time of the first springing vp, vntill it shew the budde for flower, the stalke with the leaues thereon rise vp out of the middle of the roote; yet when the stalke is risen vp, and sheweth the budde for flower, it commeth to one side, making an impression therein) couered ouer with a brownish thin coate or skin, like an Onion, hauing a little woollinesse at the bottome; but white within, and firme, yet composed of many coates, one folding within another, as the roote of the Daffodils be, of a reasonable good taste, neyther very sweete, nor yet vnpleasant. This description may well serue for the other Tulipas, beingMediasorSerotinas, concerning their springing and bearing, which haue not any other great variety therein worth the note, which is not expressed here; the chiefe difference resting in the variety of the colours of the flower, and their seuerall mixtures and markes, as I said before: sauing onely, that the flowers of some are great and large, and of others smaller, and the leaues of some longand pointed, and of others broad and round, or bluntly pointed, as shall bee shewed in the end of the Chapter: I shall therefore onely expresse the colours, with the mixture or composure of them, and giue you withall the names of some of them, (for it is impossible I thinke to any man, to giue seuerall names to all varieties) as they are called by those that chiefly delight in them with vs.Page 47: Tulipa.1Tulipa præcox alba siue rubra,&c.vnius coloris.The early white or red Tulipa,&c.being of one colour.2Tulipa, præcox purpurea oris albis.The early purple Tulipa with white edges, or the Prince.3Tulipa præcox variegata.The early stript Tulipa.4Tulipa præcox rubra oris luteis.The early red Tulipa with yellow edges, or the Duke.Tulipa præcox Alba.1Niuea tota interdum purpureis staminibus, vel saltem luteis, fundo puro haud luteo.2Alba siue niuea fundo luteo.3Albida.4Alba, venis cærulis in dorso.5Alba purpureis oris.⎧Harum flores vel⎨constantes, vel⎩dispergentes.6Alba carneis oris.7Alba sanguineis oris.8Alba oris magnis carneis, & venis intro respicientibus.9Alba extra, carnei vero coloris intus, oras habens carneas saturatiores.10Albida, oris rubris, vel oris purpureis.11Alba, purpurascentibus maculis extra, intus vero carnei viuacissimi.12Alba, purpureis maculis aspersa extra, intus vero alba purpurantibus oris.13Dux Alba, i. e. coceineis & albis variata flaminis, à medio ad oras intercursantibus.14Princessa, i.e. argentei coloris maculis purpurascentibus.15Regina pulcherrima, albis & sanguineis aspersa radijs & punctis.The early White Tulipa.1 The flower whereof is either pure snow white, with purple sometimes, or at least with yellow chiues, without any yellow bottome.2 Or pure white with a yellow bottome.3 Or milk white that is not so pure white.4 White with blew veines on the outside.5 White with purple edges.⎧Some of these⎪abiding constant,⎨& others⎪spreading⎩or running.6 White with blush edges.7 White With red edges.8 White with great blush edges, and some strakes running from the edge inward.9 White without, and somewhat blush within, with edges of a deeper blush.10 Whitish, or pale white with red or purple edges.11 Whitish without, with some purplish veins & spots, & of a liuely blush within.12 White without, spotted with small purple spots, and white within with purple edges.13 A white Duke, that is, parted with white & crimson flames, from the middle of each leafe to the edge.14 The Princesse, that is, a siluer colour spotted with fine deepe blush spots.15 The Queen, that is, a fine white sprinkled with bloud red spots, and greater strakes.Tulipa præcox purpurea.1Purpurea satura rubescens, vel violacea.2Purpurea pallida, Columbina dicta.3Persici coloris saturi.4Persici coloris Pallidioris.5Paeoniæ floris coloris.6Rosea.7Chermesiua peramæna.8Chermesiua parum striata.9Princeps, i.e. purpurea saturatior vel dilutior, oris albis magnis vel paruis, fundo luteo, vel albo orbe, quæ multum variatur, & colore, & oris, ita vt purpurea elegans oris magnis albis; dicta est, Princeps excellens, &10Princeps Columbina, purpurea dilutior.11Purpurea Chermesina, rubicandioris coloris, albidis vel albis oris.12Purpurea, vel obsoleta albidis oris Princeps Brancion.13Purpurea diluta, oris dilutioris purpurei coloris.14Purpurea in exterioribus, carnei vero ad medium intus, oris albis, fundo luteo.15Purpurea albo plumata extra, oris albis, purpurascens intus, fundo luteo, vel orbe albo.16Alia, minus elegans plumata,minoribusq., oris albidis.The early purple Tulipa.1 A reddish purple, or more violet.2 A pale purple, called a Doue colour.3 A deep Peach colour.4 A paler Peach colour.5 A Peony flower colour.6 A Rose colour.7 A Crimson very bright.8 A Crimson stript with a little white.9 A Prince or Bracklar, that is, a deepe or pale purple, with white edges, greater or smaller, and a yellow bottome, or circled with white, which varieth much, both in the purple & edges, so that a faire deep purple, with great white edges, is called, The best or chiefe Prince, and10 A paler purple with white edges, called a Doue coloured Prince.11 A Crimson Prince or Bracklar.12 A Brancion Prince, or purple Brancion.13 A purple with more pale purple edges.14 Purple without, and blush halfe way within, with white edges, and a yellow bottome.15 Purple feathered with white on the out side, with white edges, and pale purple within, the ground being a little yellow, or circled with white.16 Another very neere vnto it, but not so fairely feathered, being more obscure, and the edges not so great or whitish.Tulipa præcox rubra.1Rubra vulgaris fundo luteo, aliquando nigro.2Rubra satura oris luteis paruis, dicta Roan.3Baro, i. e. rubra magis intensa, oris luteis paruis.4Dux maior & minor, i.e. rubra magis aut minus elegans satura, oris luteis maximis vel minoribus, & fundo luteo magno. Alia alijs est magis amœna, in alijs etiam fundo nigro vel obscuro viridi.5Ducissa, i. e. Duci similis, at plus lutei quàm rubri, oris magnis luteis, & rubore magis aut minus intus in gyrum acto, fundo item luteo magno.6Testamentum Brancion i.e., rubra sanguinea satura, aut minus rubra, oris pallidis, magnis vel paruis: alia alijs magis aut minus elegans diuersimodo.7Flambans, ex rubore & flauedine radiata, vel striata fundo luteo.8Mali Aurantij coloris, ex rubore, & flauedinè integre, non separatim mixta, oris luteis paruis, velabsq., oris.9Minij, siue Cinabaris coloris, i.e. ex purpurea, rubedine, & flauedine radiata, vnguibus luteis, & aliquando oris.10Rex Tuliparum, i.e. ex sanguineo & aureo radiatim mixta, à flammea diuersa, fundo luteo, orbe rubro.11Tunica Morionis, i.e. ex rubore & aureo separatim diuersa.The early red Tulipa.1 An ordinary red, with a yellow, & sometimes a blacke bottome.2 A deep red, with a small edge of yellow, called a Roane.3 A Baron, that is, a faire red with a small yellow edge.4 A Duke, a greater and a lesser, that is, a more or less faire deep red, with greater or lesser yellow edges, and a great yellow bottome. Some of this sort are much more or lesse faire then others, some also haue a blacke or darke greene bottome.5 A Dutchesse, that is like vnto the Duke, but more yellow then red, with greater yellow edges, and the red more or lesse circling the middle of the flower on the inside, with a large yellow bottome.6 A Testament Brancion, or a BrancionDuke, that is, a faire deepe red, or lesse red, with a pale yellow or butter coloured edge, some larger others smaller: and some more pleasing then others, in a very variable manner.7 A Flambant, differing from the Dutchesse; for this hath no such great yellow edge, but streaks of yellow through the leafe vnto the very edge.8 An Orenge colour, that is, a reddish yellow, or a red and yellow equally mixed, with small yellow edges, and sometimes without.9 A Vermillion, that is, a purplish red, streamed with yellow, the bottome yellow, and sometimes the edges.10 The Kings flower, that is, a crimson or bloud red, streamed with a gold yellow, differing from the Flambant, the bottome yellow, circled with red.11 A Fooles coate, parted with red and yellow guardes.Tulipa præcox lutea.1Lutea siue flaua.2Pallida lutea siue straminea.3Aurea, oris rubicundis.4Straminea, oris rubris.5Aurea, rubore perfusa extra.6Aurea, vel magis pallida, rubore in gyrum acta simillima Ducissæ, nisi minus rubedinis habet.7Aurea, extremitatibus rubris, dici potest, Morionis Pilæus præcox.The early yellow Tulipa.1 A faire gold yellow without mixture.2 A strawe colour.3 A faire yellow with reddish edges.4 A strawe colour, with red edges.5 A faire yellow, reddish on the out side onely.6 A gold or paler yellow, circled on the inside a little with red, very like the Dutchesse, but that it hath lesse red therein.7 A gold yellow with red toppes, and may be called, The early Fooles Cap.Tulipa de Caffa.The Tulipa of Caffa.There is another sort or kinde of early Tulipa, differing from the former, whose pale greene leaues being as broad and large as they, and sometimes crumpled or waued at the edges, in some haue the edges onely of the said leaues for a good breadth, of a whitish or whitish yellow colour, and in others, the leaues are lifted or parted with whitish yellow and greene: the stalke riseth not vp so high as the former, and beareth a flower at the toppe like vnto the former, in some of a reddish yellow colour, with a russet coloured ground or bottome, and in others, of other seuerall colours: the seede and roote is so like vnto others of this kinde, that they cannot be distinguished.There is (as I doe heare) of this kinde, bothPræcocesandSerotinæearly flowring, and late flowring, whereof although wee haue not so exact knowledge, as of the rest, yet I thought good to speake so much, as I could hitherto vnderstand of them, and giue others leaue (if I doe not) hereafter to amplifie it.Tulipa Boloniensis, siue Bombycina flore rubro major.The greater red Bolonia Tulipa.There are likewise other kindes of early Tulipas to bee spoken of, and first of the red Bolonia Tulipa; the roote whereof is plainly discerned, to be differing from all others: for that it is longer, and not hauing so plaine an eminence at the bottome thereof, as the former and later Tulipas, but more especially because the toppe is plentifully stored with a yellowish silke-like woollinesse: the outside likewise or skinne is of a brighter or paler red, not so easie to be pilled away, and runneth vnder ground both downeright and sidewise (especially in the countrey ground and ayre, where it will encrease aboundantly, but not either in our London ayre, or forc’t grounds) somewhat like vnto the yellow Bolonia Tulipa next following. It shooteth out of the ground with broad and long leaues, like the former; but neither so broad, nor of so white or mealy a greene colour as the former, but more darke then the late flowring Tulipa, so that this may bee easily discerned by his leafe from any other Tulipa aboue the ground, by one that is skilfull. It beareth likewise three or foure leaues vpon the stalke, like the former, and a flower also at the toppe of the same fashion, but that the leaues hereof are alwayes long, and somewhat narrow, hauing a large blacke bottome, made like vnto a cheuerne, the point whereof riseth vp vnto the middle of the leafe, higher then any other Tulipa; the flower is of a pale red colour, nothing so liuely as in the early or late red Tulipas, yet sweeter for the most part then any of them, and neerest vnto the yellow Bolonia Tulipa, which is much about the same sent.Tulipa pumilio rubra, siue Bergomensis rubra media & minor.The dwarfe red Bergomo Tulipa, a bigger and a lesser.There are two other sorts hereof, and because they were found about Bergomo, do carry that name, the one bigger or lesser then another, yet neither so great as the former, hauing very little other difference to bee obserued in them, then that they are smaller in all parts of them.Tulipa Boloniensis flore luteo.The yellow Bolonia Tulipa.The roote of this Tulipa may likewise bee knowne from the former red (or any other Tulipa) in that it seldome commeth to bee so bigge, and is not so woolly at the toppe, and the skinne or outside is somewhat paler, harder, and sharper pointed: but the bottome is like the former red, and not so eminent as the early or late Tulipas. This beareth much longer and narrower leaues then any (except the Persian & dwarfe yellow Tulipas) and of a whitish greene colour: it beareth sometimes but one flower on a stalke, and sometimes two or three wholly yellow, but smaller, & more open then the other kinds, and (as I said) smelleth sweete, the head for seede is smaller then in others, and hath not that crowne at the head thereof yet the seed is like, but smaller.Tulipa Narbonensis, siue Monspeliensis vel pumilio.The French or dwarfe yellow Tulipa.This Tulipa is very like vnto the yellow Bolonia Tulipa, both in roote, leafe, and flower, as also in the colour thereof, being yellow: the onely difference is, that it is in all things lesser and lower, and is not so apt to beare, nor so plentifull to encrease by the roote.Tulipa Italica maior & minor.The Italian Tulipa the greater and the lesser.Both these kindes of Tulipas doe so neere resemble the last kinde, that I might almost say they were the same, but that some difference which I saw in them, maketh mee set them apart; and consisteth in these things, the stalkes of neither of both these rise so high, as of the first yellow Bolonia Tulipa: the leaues of both sorts are writhed in and out at the edges, or made like a waue of the sea, lying neerer the ground, and the flower being yellow within, is brownish or reddish on the backe, in the middle of the three outer leaues the edges appearing yellow. Both these kindes doe differ one from the other in nothing, but in that one is bigger, and the other smaller then the other which I saw with Iohn Tradescante, my very good friend often remembred.Tulipa Lusitanica, siue pumilio versicolor.The dwarfe stript Tulipa.This dwarfe Tulipa is also of the same kindred with the three last described; for there is no other difference in this from them, then that the flower hath some red veins running in the leaues thereof.There are two other sorts of dwarfe Tulipas with white flowers, whereof Lobel hath made mention in the Appendix to hisAduersaria; the one whereof is the same that Clusius setteth forth, vnder the title ofPumilio altera: but because I haue not seen either of them both, I speake no further of them.Tulipa pumilio alba.The white dwarfe Tulipa.But that white flower that Iohn Tradescante shewed me, and as hee saith, was deliuered him for a white Pumilio, had a stalke longer then they set out theirs to haue, and the flower also larger, but yet had narrower leaues then other sorts of white Tulipas haue.Tulipa Bicolor.The small party coloured Tulipa.Vnto these kindes, I may well adde this kinde of Tulipa also, which was sent out of Italy, whose leaues are small, long, and narrow, and of a darke greene colour, somewhat like vnto the leaues of an Hyacinth: the flower is small also, consisting of sixe leaues, as all other Tulipas doe, three whereof are wholly of a red colour, and the other three wholly of a yellow.Page 53: Tulipa.1Tulipa Bombycina flore rubro.The red Bolonia Tulipa.2Tulipa Boloniensis flore luteo.The yellow Bolonia Tulipa.3Tulipa pumilio rubra siue lutea.The red or yellow dwarfe Tulipa.4Folium Tulipa de Cassa per totum striuatum.The leafe of the Tulipa of Cassa striped throughout the whole leafe.5Folium Tulipa Cassa per oras striatum.The leafe of the Tulipa of Cassa striped at the edges onely.6Tulipa Persica.The Persian Tulipa.7Tulipa Cretica.The Tulipa of Candie.8Tulipa Armeniaca.The Tulipa of Amenia.Tulipa Persica.The Persian Tulipa.This rare Tulipa, wherewith we haue beene but lately acquainted, doth most fitly deserue to be described in this place, because it doth so neerely participate with the Bolonia and Italian Tulipas, in roote, leafe, and flower: the roote hereof is small, couered with a thicke hard blackish shell or skinne, with a yellowish woollinesse both at the toppe, and vnder the shell. It riseth out of the ground at the first, with one very long and small round leafe, which when it is three or foure inches high, doth open it selfe, and shew forth another small leafe (as long almost as the former) breaking out of the one side thereat, and after it a third, and sometimes a fourth, and a fift; but each shorter then other, which afterwards be of the breadth of the dwarfe yellow Tulipa, or somewhat broader but much longer then any other, and abiding more hollow, and of the colour of the early Tulipas on the inside: the stalke riseth vp a foot and a halfehigh sometimes, bearing one flower thereon, composed of sixe long and pointed leaues of the forme of other small Tulipas, and not shewing much bigger then the yellow Italian Tulipa, and, is wholly white, both inside and outside of all the leaues, except the three outtermost, which haue on the backe of them, from the middle toward the edges, a shew of a brownish blush or pale red colour, yet deeper in the midst, and the edges remaining wholly white: the bottomes of all these leaues are of a darke or dun tawnie colour, and the chiues and tippes of a darkish purple or tawnie also. This doth beare seed but seldome in our country, that euer I could vnderstand, but when it doth, it is small like vnto the Bolonia or dwarfe yellow Tulipas, being not so plentifull also in parting, or setting of by the roote as they, and neuer groweth nor abideth so great as it is brought vnto vs, and seldome likewise flowreth after the first yeare: for the rootes for the most part with euery one grow lesse and lesse, decaying euery yeare, and so perish for the most part by reason of the frosts and cold, and yet they haue been set deepe to defend them, although of their owne nature they will runne downe deep into the ground.Tulipa Byzantina duobus floribus Clusij.The small Tulipa of Constantinople.The small Tulipa of Constantinople, beareth for the most part but two leaues on the stalke, which are faire and broad, almost like vnto the Candy Tulipa, next hereunto to be described: the stalke it selfe riseth not aboue a foote high, bearing sometimes but one flower, but most commonly two thereon, one below another, and are no bigger then the flowers of the yellow Bolonia Tulipa, but differing in colour; for this is on the outside of a purplish colour, mixed with white and greene, and on the inside of a faire blush colour, the bottome and chiues being yellow, and the tippes or pendents blackish: the roote is very like the yellow Bolonia Tulipa.Tulipa Cretica.The Tulipa of Candie.This Tulipa is of later knowledge with vs then the Persian, but doth more hardly thriue, in regard of our cold climate; the description whereof, for so much as wee haue knowledge, by the sight of the roote and leafe, and relation from others of the flower, (for I haue not yet heard that it hath very often flowred in our Country) is as followeth. It beareth faire broad leaues, resembling the leaues of a Lilly, of a greenish colour, and not very whitish: the stalke beareth thereon one flower, larger and more open then many other, which is either wholly white, or of a deepe red colour, or else is variably mixed, white with a fine reddish purple, the bottomes being yellow, with purplish chiues tipt with blackish pendents: the roote is small, and somewhat like the dwarfe yellow Tulipa, but somewhat bigger.Tulipa Armeniaca.The Tulipa of Armenia.This small Tulipa is much differing from all the former (except the small or dwarfe white Tulipas remembred by Lobel and Clusius, as is before set downe) in that it beareth three or foure small, long, and somewhat narrow greene leaues, altogether at one ioynt or place; the stalke being not high, and naked or without leaues from them to the toppe, where it beareth one small flower like vnto an ordinary red Tulipa, but somewhat more yellow, tending to an Orenge colour with a blacke bottome: the roote is not much bigger then the ordinary yellow Bolonia Tulipa, before set downe.And these are the sorts of this firstClassisof early Tulipas.Tulipa Media.The meaner or middle flowring Tulipa.For any other, or further description of this kinde of Tulipa, it shall not neede, hauing giuen it sufficiently in the former early Tulipa, the maine difference consisting first in the time of flowring, which is about a moneth after the early Tulipas, yet some more some lesse; for euen in thePræcoces, or early ones, some flower a little earlier, and later then others, and then in the colours of the flowers; for wee haue obserued manycolours, and mixtures, or varieties of colours in theMedias, which we could neuer see in thePræcoces, and so also some in thePræcoces, which are not in theMedias: yet there is farre greater varieties of mixture of colours in theseMedias, then hath been obserued in all thePræcoces, (although Clusius saith otherwise) eyther by my selfe, or by any other that I haue conuersed with about this matter, and all this hath happened by the sowing of the seede, as I said before. I will therefore in this place not trouble you with any further circumstance, then to distinguish them, as I haue done in the former early Tulipas, into their foure primary colours, and vnder them, giue you their seuerall varieties and names, for so much as hath come to my knowledge, not doubting, but that many that haue trauelled in the sowing of the seed of Tulipas many yeares, may obserue each of them to haue some variety that others haue not: and therefore I thinke no one man can come to the knowledge of all particular distinctions.Tulipa media alba.1Niuea, fundo albo vel luteo.2Argentea, quasi alba cineracea fundo lutescente, purpureis staminibus.3Margaritina alba, carneo dilutissima.4Alba, fundo cæruleo vel nigro.5Albida.6Alba, oris rubris.⎧Hæc tria genera⎪in aliquibus⎨constanter⎪tenent oras, in⎩alijs dispergunt.7Alba, purpureis oris.8Alba, oris coccineis.9Albida primum, deinde albidior, oris purpureis, & venis intrò respicientibus, dicta nobis Hackquenay.10Alba, sanguineo colore variata, fundo vel albissimo, vel alio.11Alba, radiatim disposita flammis, & maculis coccineis.12Alba, purpurea rubedine plumata, diuersarum specierum, quæ cum superiore, vel albo, vel luteo, vel paruo cæruleo constant fundo, quæ constanter tenent punctatos colores, & non dispergunt, sed post trium aut quatuor dierum spatium pulchriores apparent.13Panni argentei coloris, i.e. alba, plumata, punctata, striata, vel diuersimodè variata, rubedine dilutiore, vel saturatiore purpurea, interius vel exterius, velvtrinq., diuersarum specierum.14Tunica morionis alba varia, i.e. ex albo & purpureo striata diuersimodè, fundo albo vel alio.15Holias alba vel albida,absq., fundo, vel fundo purpureo cæruleo, vel cæruleo albo circundato, diuersè signata, vel variata intus ad medietatem foliorum, sursum in orbem vt plurimum, vel ad oras pertingens amplas & albas. Hæ species tantoperè multiplicantur, vt vix sint explicabiles.Tanta est huius varietas, vel multitudine,vel striarum paucitate & distinctione, vel fundis variantibus, vt ad tædium esset perscribere.The white meane flowring Tulipa.1 A snow white, with a white or yellow bottome.2 A siluer colour, that is, a very pale or whitish ashe colour, with a yellowish bottome and purple chiues.3 A Pearle colour, that is, white, with a wash or shew of blush.4 A white, with a blew or blacke bottome.5 A Creame colour.6 A white, with red edges.⎧These three sorts⎪doe hold their⎨edges constant⎪in some, but well⎩spread in others.7 A white, with purple edges.8 A white, with crimson edges.9 A pale or whitish yellow, which after a few dayes groweth more white, with purplish red edges, and some streakes running inward from the edge, which we call an Hackney.10 A white mixed with a bloud red very variably, and with a pure white, or other coloured bottome.11 A white, streamed with crimson flames, and spots through the whole flower.12 A white, speckled with a reddish purple, more or lesse, of diuers sorts, with white, yellow, or blew bottomes, all which doe hold their markes constant, and doe not spread their colours, but shew fairer after they haue stood blown three or foure dayes.13 A cloth of siluer of diuers sorts, that is, a white spotted, striped, or otherwise marked with red or purple, in some paler, in some deeper, either on the inside, or on the outside, or on both.14 A white Fooles coate of diuers sorts, that is, purple or pale crimson, and white, as it were empaled together, eyther with a white ground or other, whereof there is great variety.15 A white Holias, that is, a faire white, or paler white, eyther without a bottome, or with a blewish purple bottome, or blew and white circling the bottome,and from the middle vpwards, speckled and straked on the inside for the most part, with bloud red or purplish spots and lines vnto the very edges, which abide large and white. Of this kinde there are found very great varieties, not to be expressed.Of this sort there is so much variety, some being larger or fairer marked then others, their bottomes also varying, that it is almost impossible to express them.Tulipa media purpurea.1Purpurea satura.2Purpurea dilutior, diuersarum specierum, quarum Rosea vna, Carnea sit altera.3Persicicoloris, duarum aut trium specierum.4Chermesina, obscura aut pallida.5Stamela, intensior aut remissior.6Xerampelina.7Purpurea, striata.8Persici saturi, vel diluti coloris, vndulata, vel radiata.9Columbina, oris & radijs albis.10Purpurea rubra, oris, albis, similis Præcoci, dicta Princeps.11Chermesina, vel Heluola, lineis albis in medio, & versus oras, fundo cæruleo, vel albo,itemq., albo orbe.12Purpurea remissior, aut intensior, oris albis, paruis aut magnis, vt in Principe præcoci, fundo vel cæruleo, orbe albo, vel albo orbe cæruleo amplo.13Holias Heluola, sanguineis guttis intus à medio sursum in orbem, fundo cæruleo.14Tunica Morionis purpurea rubra satura, albido striata, quam in alba saturatior, fundo ex cæruleo & albo.15Purpurea rubra satura vel diluta, albo vel albedine, punctata vel striata diuersimodè, dicta Cariophyllata.The meane flowring purple Tulipa.1 A faire deep purple.2 A paler purple, of many sorts, whereof a Rose colour is one, a Blush another.3 A Peach colour of two or three sorts.4 A Crimson, deepe, or pale.5 A Stamell, darke or light.6 A Murrey.7 A purple, stript and spotted.8 A Peach colour, higher or paler, waued or stript.9 A Doue colour, edged and straked with white.10 A faire red purple, with white edges, like vnto the early Tulipa, called a Prince.11 A faire crimson, or Claret wine colour, with white lines both in the middle, and towards the edges, most haue a blew bottome, yet some are white, or circled with white.12 A light or deepe purple, with white edges, greater or smaller, like the early Prince, the bottomes eyther blew circled with white, or white circled with a large blew.13 A purple Holias, the colour of a pale Claret wine, marked and spotted with bloud red spots, round about the middle of each leafe vpward on the inside onely, the bottome being blew.14 A Crimson Fooles Coate, a darke crimson, and pale white empaled together, differing from the white Fooles Coate, the bottome blew and white.15 A deeper or paler reddish purple, spotted or striped with a paler or purer white, of diuers sorts, called the Gilloflower Tulipa.Page 57: Tulipa.1Tulipa rubra & lutea varia.The Fooles Coate red and yellow.2Tulipa Holeas alba absq. fundo.The white Holeas without a bottome.3Tulipa argentea, vel punctata,&c.The cloth of siluer, or other spotted Tulipa.4Tulipa alba flammis coccineis.The white Fooles Coate.5Tulipa Holeas alba,&c.fundo purpureo,&c.A white Holeas,&c.with a purple bottome,&c.6Tulipa rubra & lutea flammea,&c.A red and yellow flamed Tulipa,&c.7Tulipa alba striata & punctata.A white striped and spotted Tulipa.8Tulipa altera variata,&c.Another variable Tulipa.Tulipa media rubra.1Rubra communis, fundo luteo, vel nigro.2Mali Aurantij coloris.3Cinabaris coloris.4Lateritij coloris.5Rubra, luteo aspersa.6Rubra, oris luteis.7Testamentum Brancion rubra satura, oris pallidis, diuersarum specierum, rubore variantium, & orarum amplitudine.8Cinabaris radiata, magis aut minus serotina.9Rubra purpurascens obsoleta exterioribus folijs, perfusa luteo intus, oris pallidis luteis.10Rubra purpurascens elegans extra & intus lutescens, oris pallidis luteis, fundo luteo vel viridi.11Rubra flambans coccinea, crebris maculis luteisabsq.fundo.12Flambans elegantior rubra, i.e. radijs luteis intercursantibus ruborem.13Flambans remissiorvtroq.colore.14Panni aurei coloris.15Tunica Morionis verior, seu Palto du Sot. optima, tænijs amplis amœnis & crebris, exrubro & flauo separatim diuisis & excurrentibus, flos constans.16Tunica Morionis altera, tænijs minoribus & minus frequentibus, magis aut minus alia alijs inconstans.17Tunica Morionis pallida, i. e. tænijs vel strijs frequentioribus invtroq.colore pallidis, flos est constans & elegans.18Pileus Morionis, radijs luteis, in medio foliorum latis, per ruborem excurrentibus, fundo luteo, apicibus luteis, & tribus exterioribus folijs luteis oris rubris, velabsq.oris.19Le Suisse, tænijs radiata magnis ex rubore & pallore.20Altera dicta Goliah à floris magnitudine, tænijs radiata simillima le Suisse, nisi rubor & albedo sint elegantiores.21Holias rubra, i.e. sanguinea argenteis radijs, & guttis in orbem dispositis, præsertim interiùs, fundo viridi saturo.22Holias coccinea, rubra coccinea, albo radiata in orbem, circa medium foliorum interiùs, fundo albo.23Alia huic similis, fundo albo & cæruleo.The meane flowring red Tulipa.1 A faire red which is ordinary, with a yellow or blacke bottome.2 A deepe Orenge colour.3 A Vermillion.4 A pale red, or Bricke colour.5 A Gingeline colour.6 A red with small yellow edges.7 A Testament Brancion of diuers sorts, differing both in the deepnesse of the red, and largenesse of the pale coloured edges.8 A Vermillion flamed, flowring later or earlier.9 A dead purplish red without, and of a yellowish red within, with pale yellow edges.10 A bright Crimson red on the outside, more yellowish on the inside, with pale yellow edges, and a bottome yellow or greene.11 A red Flambant, spotted thicke with yellow spots without any bottome.12 A more excellent red Flambant, with flames of yellow running through the red.13 A pale coloured Flambant.14 A cloth of gold colour.15 A true Fooles Coate, the best is a faire red & a faire yellow, parted into guards euery one apart, varied through euery leafe to the very edge, yet in most abiding constant.16 Another Fooles Coate, not so fairely marked, nor so much, some of these are more or lesse constant in their marks, & some more variable then others.17 A pale Fooles Coate, that is, with pale red, and pale yellow guardes or stripes very faire and constant.18 A Fooles Cappe, that is, with lists or stripes of yellow running through the middle of euery leafe of the red, broader at the bottome then aboue, the bottome being yellow, the three outer leaues being yellow with red edges, or without.19 A Swisse, pained with a faire red and pale white or strawe colour.20 A Goliah, so called of the bignesse of the flower, most like to the Swisse in the marks and guardes, but that the red and white is more liuely.21 A red Holias. A bloud red stript with siluer white veines and spots, with a darke green bottome.22 A Crimson red Holias, that is, a faire purplish red, spotted with white circlewise about the middle of the inner leaues, and a white bottome.23 Another like thereunto, with a blew and white bottome.Page 59: Tulipa.1Tulipa tricolor.A Tulipa of three colours.2Tulipa Macedonica, siue de Caffa varia.The Tulipa of Caffa purple, with pale white stripes.3Tulipa Heluola chermesina versicolor.A pure Claret wine colour variable.4Tulipa Caryophyllata Wilmeri.Mr. Wilmers Gilloflower Tulipa.5Tulipa Chermesina flammis albis.A Crimson with white flames.6Tulipa Goliah.A kind of Zwisser called Goliah.7Tulipa le Zwisse.A Tulipa called the Zwisser.8Tulipa alba flammis coccineis.Another white Flambant or Fooles Coate.9Tulipa Cinnabarina albo flammata.The Vermillion flamed.10Tulipa plumata rubra & lutea.The feathered Tulipa red and yellow.Tulipa media lutea.1Lutea, siue Aurea vulgaris.2Straminea.3Sulphurea.4Mali Aurantij pallidi coloris.5Lutea dilutè purpurea striata, aurei panni pallidi instar.6Pallidè lutea fuscedine adumbrata.7Flaua, oris rubris magnis, aut paruis.8Straminea oris rubris magnis intensis, vel paruis remissis.9Obscura & fuliginosa lutea, instar Folij decidui,ideoq.Folium mortuum appellatur.10Flaua, rubore perfusa, etiamque striata per totum, dorso coccineo, oris pallidis.11Pallidè lutea, perfusa & magis aut minus rubore striata, fundo vel luteo, vel viridi.12Testamentum Clusij, i.e. lutea pallida fuligine obfusca, exteriùs & interiùs ad orasvsq.pallidas, per totum vero floris medium, maculis interiùs aspersa instar omnium aliarum Holias, dorso obscuriore, fundo viridi.13Flambans lutea, diuersimodè intus magis aut minus striata, vel in alijs extra maculata rubore, fundo vt plurimum nigro, vel in alijs luteo.14Flambans pallidior & elegantior.15Holias lutea intensior vel remissior diuersimodè, in orbem radiata interius, rubris maculis ad supremasvsq.oras, aliquoties crebrè, aliàs parcè, fundo viridi, vel tanetto obscuro.16Holias straminea rubore striata & punctata, instar alba Holias.17Tunica Morionis lutea, alijs dicta Flammea, in qua color flavus magis & conspicuus rubore, diuersimodè radiata.Huc reddenda esset viridarum Tuliparum classis, quæ diuersarum etiam constat specierum. Vna viridis intensior cuius flos semper ferè semiclausus manet staminibus simbriatis. Altera remissior, instar Psittacipennarum viridium, luteo variata oris albis. Tertia adhuc dilutiori viriditate oris purpureis. Quarta, cujus folia æqualiter purpura diluta, & viriditate diuisa sunt. Quinta, folijs longissimis stellæmodo expansis, ex rubore & viriditate coacta.The meane flowring yellow Tulipa.1 A faire gold yellow.2 A Strawe colour.3 A Brimstone colour pale yellowish greene.4 A pale Orenge colour.5 A pale cloth of gold colour.6 A Custard colour a pale yellow shadowed ouer with a browne.7 A gold yellow with red edges, greater or smaller.8 A Strawe colour with red edges, deeper or paler, greater or smaller.9 A sullen or smoakie yellow, like a dead leafe that is fallen, and therefore called,Fucille mort.10 A yellow shadowed with red, and striped also through all the leaues, the backside of them being of a red crimson, and the edges pale.11 A pale yellow, shadowed and striped with red, in some more in some lesse, the bottomes being either yellow or green.12 ATestamentum Clusij, that is, a shadowed pale yellow, both within & without, spotted round about the middle on the inside, as all other Holias are, the backe of the leaues being more obscure or shadowed with pale yellow edges, and a greene bottome.13 A yellow Flambant of diuers sorts, that is, the whole flower more or lesse streamed or spotted on the inside, and in some on the outside with red, the bottome in most being blacke, yet in some yellow.14 A paler yellow Flambant more beautifull.15 A yellow Holias, paler or deeper yellow very variable, spotted on the inside round about the middle, with red sometimes plentifully, or else sparingly with a green or dark tawny bottome.16 A strawe coloured Holias, spotted and streamed with red, as is to bee seene in the white Holias.17 A yellow Fooles coate, of some called a flame colour, wherein the yellow is more then the red, diuersly streamed.Vnto these may be added the greene Tulipa which is also of diuers sorts. One hauing a great flower of a deepe green colour, seldome opening it selfe, but abiding alwaies as it were halfe shut vp and closed, the chiues being as it were feathered. Another of a paler or yellowish green, paned with yellow, and is called, The Parret,&c.with white edges. A third of a more yellowish green, with red or purplish edges. A fourth, hath the leaues of the flower equally almost parted, with greene and a light purple colour, which abiding a long time in flower, groweth in time to be fairer marked: for at the first it doth not shew it selfe so plainely diuided. Some call this a greene Swisser. A fifth hath the longest leaues standing like a starre, consisting of greene and purple.Tulipa Serotina.The late flowring Tulipa.The late flowring Tulipa hath had his description expressed in the precedent discourse, so that I shall not neede to make a repetition of what hath already beene set downe. The greatest matter of knowledge in this kinde is this, That it hath no such plentifull variety of colours or mixtures in his flowers, as are in the two former sorts, but is confined within these limits here expressed, as farre as hath come to our knowledge.Tulipa Serotina.Rosea intensior, aut remissior.Rubra vulgaris, aut saturatior, & quasi nigricans, fundo luteo vel nigro orbe, aureo incluso, dicta Oculus Solis.Lutea communis.Lutea oris rubris.Lutea guttis sanguineis, fundo nigro vel vario.The late flowring Tulipa.A Rose Colour deeper or paler.An ordinary red, or else a deeper red like blacke bloud, with a blacke or yellow bottome, or blacke circled with yellow, called the Suns eye.An ordinary yellow.A yellow with red edges.A yellow with red spots and veines, the bottome black or discoloured.There yet remaine many obseruations, concerning these beautifull flowers, fit to be knowne, which could not, without too much prolixity, be comprehended within the body of the description of them; but are reserued to bee intreated of a part by themselues.All sorts of Tulipas beare vsually but one stalke, and that without any branches: but sometimes nature is so plentifull in bearing, that it hath two or three stalkes, and sometimes two, or more branches out of one stalke (euery stalke or branch bearing one flower at the toppe) but this is but seldome seene; and when it doth happen once, it is hardly seene againe in the same roote, but is a great signe, that the roote that doth thus, being an old roote, will the same yeare part into diuers rootes, whereof euery one, being of a reasonable greatnesse, will beare both his stalke and flower the next yeare, agreeing with the mother plant in colour, as all the of-sets of Tulipas doe for the most part: for although the young of-sets of some doe vary from the maine roote, euen while it groweth with them, yet being separated, it will bee of the same colour with the mother plant.There groweth oftentimes in theMedias, and sometimes also in thePræcoces, but more seldome, a small bulbe or roote, hard aboue the ground, at the bottome of the stalke, and betweene it and the lower leafe, which when the stalke is dry, and it ripe, being put into the ground, will bring forth in time a flower like vnto the mother plant, from whence it was taken.The flowers also of Tulipas consist most commonly of sixe leaues, but sometimes they are seene to haue eight or tenne, or more leaues; but vsually, those rootes beare but their ordinary number of sixe leaues the next yeare: the head for seede then, is for the most part foure square, which at all other times is but three square, or when the flower wanteth a leafe or two, as sometimes also it doth, it then is flat, hauing but two sides.The forme of the flower is also very variable; for the leaues of some Tulipas are all sharpe pointed, or all blunt and round pointed, and many haue the three outer leaues sharpe pointed, and the three inner round or pointed, and some contrariwise, the three outermost round pointed, and the three inner sharpe pointed. Againe, some haue all the leaues of the flowers long and narrow, and some haue them broader and shorter. SomePræcocesalso haue their flowers very large and great, equall vnto eyther theMedia, orSerotina, which most commonly are the largest, and others haue them as small as the Bolonia Tulipa.The bottomes of the leaues of the flowers are also variably diuersified, and so are both the chiues or threeds that stand vp about the head, and the tips or pendents that are hanging loose on the toppes of them; and by the difference of the bottomes or chiues, many flowers are distinguished, which else are very like in colour, and alike also marked.For the smell also there is some diuersity; for that the flowers of some are very sweete, of others nothing at all, and some betweene both, of a small sent, but not offensiue: and yet some I haue obserued haue had a strong ill sent; but how to shew you to distinguish them, more then by your owne sense, I cannot: for the seedes of sweete smelling Tulipas doe not follow their mother plant, no more then they doe in the colour.And lastly, take this, which is not the least obseruation, worth the noting, that I haue obserued in many: When they haue beene of one entire colour for diuers yeares, yet in some yeare they haue altered very much, as if it had not beene the same, viz. from a purple or stamell, it hath beene variably either parted, or mixed, or striped with white, eyther in part, or through the whole flower, and so in a red or yellow flower, that it hath had eyther red or yellow edges, or yellow or red spots, lines, veines, or flames, running through the red or yellow colour, and sometimes it hath happened, that three leaues haue been equally parted in the middle with red yellow, the other three abiding of one colour, and in some the red had some yellow in it, and the yellow some red spots in it also; whereof I haue obserued, that all such flowers, not hauing their originall in that manner, (for some that haue such or the like markes from the beginning, that is, from the first and second yeares flowring, are constant, and doe not change) but as I said, were of one colour at the first, doe shew theweaknesse and decay of the roote, and that this extraordinary beauty in the flower, is but as the brightnesse of a light, vpon the very extinguishing thereof, and doth plainly declare, that it can doe his Master no more seruice, and therefore with this iollity doth bid him good night. I know there is a common opinion among many (and very confidently maintained) that a Tulipa with a white flower, hath changed to beare a red or yellow, and so of the red or yellow, and other colours, that they are likewise inconstant, as though no flowers were certaine: but I could neuer either see or heare for certaine any such alteration, nor any other variation, but what is formerly expressed. Let not therefore any iudicious be carried away with any such idle conceit, but rather suspect some deceit in their Gardeners or others, by taking vp one, and putting in another in the place, or else their owne mistaking.Now for the sowing, planting, transplanting, choise, and ordering of Tulipas, which is not the least of regard, concerning this subiect in hand, but (as I think) would be willingly entertained; What I haue by my best endeauours learned, by mine owne paines in almost forty yeares trauell, or from others informations, I am willing here to set downe; not doubting, but that some may adde what hath not come to my knowledge.First, in the sowing of seedes of Tulipas, I haue not obserued (whatsoeuer others haue written) nor could of certainty learne of others, that there doth arise from the seedes ofPræcocesanyMediasorSerotineTulipas, (or but very seldome) nor am certainly assured of any: but that the seedes of allPræcoces(so they be not doubtfull, or of the last flowring sorts) will bringPræcoces: And I am out of doubt, that I neuer saw, nor could learne, that euer the seede of theMediasorSerotineshaue giuenPræcoces; butMediasorSerotines, according to their naturall kinde. But if there should bee any degeneration, I rather incline to thinke, that it sooner commeth to passe (à meliore ad pelus, forfacilis est descensus, that is) thatPræcocesmay giueMedias, then thatMediasorSerotinesshould giuePræcoces.For the choise of your seede to sowe. First, for thePræcoces, Clusius saith, that thePræcox Tulipa, that beareth a white flower, is the best to giue the greatest variety of colours. Some among vs haue reported, that they haue found great variety rise from the seede of the redPræcox, which I can more hardly beleeue: but Clusius his experience hath the greater probability, but especially if it haue some mixture of red or purple in it. The purple I haue found to be the best, next thereunto is the purple with white edges, and so likewise the red with yellow edges, each of them will bring most of their owne colours. Then the choise of the bestMedias, is to take those colours that are light, rather white then yellow, and purple then red; yea white, not yellow, purple, not red: but these againe to be spotted is the best, and the more the better; but withall, or aboue all in these, respect the ground or bottome of the flower, (which in thePræcox Tulipacannot, because you shall seldome see any other ground in them but yellow) for if the flower be white, or whitish, spotted, or edged, and straked, and the bottome blew or purple (such as is found in the Holias, and in the Cloth of siluer), this is beyond all other the most excellent, and out of question the choisest of an hundred, to haue the greatest and most pleasant variety and rarity. And so in degree, the meaner, in beauty you sowe, the lesser shall your pleasure in rarities be. Bestowe not your time in sowing red or yellow Tulipa seede, or the diuers mixtures of them; for they will (as I haue found by experience) seldome be worth your paines. TheSerotina, or late flowring Tulipa, because it is seldome seene, with any especiall beautifull variety, you may easily your selues ghesse that it can bring forth (euen as I haue also learned) no raritie, and little or no diuersity at all.The time and manner to sowe these seedes is next to be considered. You may not sowe them in the spring of the yeare, if you hope to haue any good of them; but in the Autumne, or presently after they be thorough ripe and dry: yet if you sowe them not vntill the end of October, they will come forward neuer the worse, but rather the better; for it is often seene, that ouer early sowing causeth them to spring out of the ground ouer early, so that if a sharp spring chance, to follow, it may go neere to spoile all, or the most of your seede. Wee vsually sowe the same yeares seede, yet if you chance to keepe of your owne, or haue from others such seed, as is two years old, they will thriue and doe well enough especially if they were ripe and well gathered:You must not sowe them too thicke, for so doing hath lost many a pecke of good seede, as I can tell; for if the seede lye one vpon another, that it hath not roome vpon the sprouting, to enter and take roote in the earth, it perisheth by and by. Some vse to tread downe the ground, where they meane to sowe their seede, and hauing sowne them thereon, doe couer them ouer the thicknesse of a mans thumbe with fine sifted earth, and they thinke they doe well, and haue good reason for it: for considering the nature of the young Tulipa rootes, is to runne downe deeper into the ground, euery yeare more then other, they thinke to hinder their quicke descent by the fastnesse of the ground, that so they may encrease the better. This way may please some, but I doe not vse it, nor can finde the reason sufficient; for they doe not consider, that the stiffenesse of the earth, doth cause the rootes of the young Tulipas to bee long before they grow great, in that a stiffe ground doth more hinder the well thriuing of the rootes, then a loose doth, and although the rootes doe runne downe deeper in a loose earth, yet they may easily by transplanting be holpen, and raised vp high enough. I haue also seene some Tulipas not once remoued from their sowing to their flowring; but if you will not lose them, you must take them vp while their leafe or stalk is fresh, and not withered: for if you doe not follow the stalke downe to the roote, be it neuer so deepe, you will leaue them behinde you. The ground also must be respected; for the finer, softer, and richer the mould is, wherein you sowe your seede, the greater shall be your encrease and varietie: Sift it therefore from all stones and rubbish, and let it be either fat naturall ground of it selfe, or being muckt, that it bee thoroughly rotten: but some I know, to mend their ground, doe make such a mixture of grounds, that they marre it in the making.After the seede is thus sowne, the first yeares springing bringeth forth leaues, little bigger then the ordinary grasse leaues; the second yeare bigger, and so by degrees euery yeare bigger then other. The leaues of thePræcoceswhile they are young, may be discerned from theMediasby this note, which I haue obserued. The leaues of them doe wholly stand vp aboue the ground, shewing the small footstalkes, whereby euerie leafe doth stand, but the leaues of theMediasorSerotinesdoe neuer wholly appeare out of the ground, but the lower part which is broad, abideth vnder the vpper face of the earth. Those Tulipas now growing to bee three yeares old, (yet some at the second, if the ground and ayre be correspondent) are to bee taken vp out of the ground, wherein yee shall finde they haue runne deepe, and to be anew planted, after they haue been a little dryed and cleansed, eyther in the same, or another ground againe, placing them reasonable neare one vnto another, according to their greatnesse, which being planted and couered ouer with earth againe, of about an inch or two thicknesse, may be left vntaken vp againe for two yeare longer, if you will, or else remoued euery yeare after, as you please; and thus by transplanting them in their due season (which is still in the end of Iuly, or beginning of August, or thereabouts) you shall according to your seede and soyle, haue some come to bearing, in the fifth yeare after the flowring, (and some haue had them in the fourth, but that hath beene but few, and none of the best, or in a rich ground) some in the sixth and seuenth, and some peraduenture, not vntill the eighth or tenth yeare: but still remember, that as your rootes grow greater, that in re-planting you giue them the more roome to be distant one from another, or else the one will hinder, if not rot the other.The seede of thePræcocesdoe not thriue and come forward so fast as theMediasorSerotines, nor doe giue any of-sets in their running downe as theMediasdoe, which vsually leaue a small roote at the head of the other that is runne downe euery yeare; and besides, are more tender, and require more care and attendance then theMedias, and therefore they are the more respected.This is a generall and certaine rule in all Tulipas, that all the while they beare but one leafe, they will not beare flower, whether they bee seedlings, or the of-sets of elder rootes, or the rootes themselues, that haue heretofore borne flowers; but when they shew a second leafe, breaking out of the first, it is a certaine signe, that it will then beare a flower, vnlesse some casualty hinder it, as frost or raine, to nip or spoile the bud, or other vntimely accident befall it.To set or plant your best and bearing Tulipas somewhat deeper then other rootes, I hold it the best way; for if the ground bee either cold, or lye too open to the coldNortherne ayre, they will be the better defended therein, and not suffer the frosts or cold to pierce them so soone: for the deepe frosts and snowes doe pinch thePræcoceschiefly, if they bee too neare the vppermost crust of the earth; and therefore many, with good successe, couer ouer their ground before Winter, with either fresh or old rotten dung, and that will maruellously preserue them. The like course you may hold with seedlings, to cause them to come on the forwarder, so it bee after the first yeares sowing, and not till then.To remoue Tulipas after they haue shot forth their fibres or small strings, which grow vnder the great round rootes, (that is, from September vntill they bee in flower) is very dangerous; for by remouing them when they haue taken fast hold in the ground, you doe both hinder them in the bearing out their flower, and besides, put them in hazzard to perish, at least to bee put backe from bearing for a while after, as oftentimes I haue proued by experience: But when they are now risen to flower, and so for any time after, you may safely take them vp if you will, and remoue them without danger, if you haue any good regard vnto them, vnlesse it be a young bearing roote, which you shall in so doing much hinder, because it is yet tender, by reason it now beareth his first flower. But all Tulipa roots when their stalke and leaues are dry, may most safely then be taken vp out of the ground, and be so kept (so that they lye in a dry, and not in a moist place) for sixe moneths without any great harme: yea I haue knowne them that haue had them nine moneths out of the ground, and haue done reasonable well, but this you must vnderstand withall, that they haue not been young but elder rootes, and they haue been orderly taken vp and preserued. The dryer you keep a Tulipa roote the better, so as you let it not lye in the sunne or winde, which will pierce it and spoile it.Thus Gentlewomen for your delights, (for these pleasures are the delights of leasure, which hath bred your loue & liking to them, and although you are herein predominant, yet cannot they be barred from your beloued, who I doubt not, wil share with you in the delight as much as is fit) haue I taken this paines, to set downe, and bring to your knowledge such rules of art, as my small skill hath enabled mee withall concerning this subiect, which of all other, seemed fittest in this manner to be enlarged, both for the varietie of matter, and excellency of beautie herein, and also that these rules set forth together in one place, might saue many repetitions in other places, so that for the planting and ordering of all other bulbous rootes, and the sowing the seedes of them, you may haue recourse vnto these rules, (tanquam ad normam & examen) which may serue in generall for all other, little diuersitie of particulars needing exception.The Place.The greater Tulipas haue first beene sent vs from Constantinople, and other parts of Turkie, where it is said they grow naturally wilde in the Fields, Woods, and Mountaines; as Thracia, Macedonia, Pontus about the Euxine Sea, Cappadocia, Bithynia, and about Tripolis and Aleppo in Syria also: the lesser haue come from other seuerall places, as their names doe decipher it out vnto vs; as Armenia, Persia, Candye, Portugall, Spaine, Italy, and France. They are all now made denizens in our Gardens, where they yeeld vs more delight, and more encrease for their proportion, by reason of the culture, then they did vnto their owne naturals.The Time.These doe flower some earlier, some later, for three whole moneths together at the least, therein adorning out a Garden most gloriously, in that being but one kinde of flower, it is so full of variety, as no other (except the Daffodils, which yet are not comparable, in that they yield not that alluring pleasant variety) doe the like besides. Some of thePræcoceshaue beene in flower with vs, (for I speake not of their owne naturall places, where the Winters are milder, and the Spring, earlier then ours) in the moneth of Ianuary, when the Winter before hath beene milde, but many in February,and all thePræcoces, from the beginning to the end of March, if the yeare be kindly: at what time theMediasdoe begin, and abide all Aprill, and part of May, when theSerotinesflower and fade; but this, as I said, if the yeare be kindly, or else each kinde will be a moneth later. The seede is ripe in Iune and Iuly, according to their early or late flowring.The Names.There haue beene diuers opinions among our moderne Writers, by what name this plant was knowne to the ancient Authors. Some would haue it beCosmosandatos, of the Ancient. Dodonæus referreth it toπυπῶνof Theophrastus, in hisseuenth Booke and thirteenth Chapter: but thereof he is so briefe, that besides the bare name, wee cannot finde him to make any further relation of forme, or quality. And Bauhinus, vponMatthiolus Commentaries of Dioscorides, and in hisPinaxalso, followeth his opinion. Camerarius in hisHortus Medicusis of opinion, it may be referred to the Helychrysum of Crateua. Gesner, as I thinke, first of all, and after him Lobel, Camerarius, Clusius and many others, referre it to the Satyrium of Dioscorides: and surely this opinion is the most probable for many reasons. First, for that this plant doth grow very frequent in many places of Greece, and the lesser Asia, which were no doubt sufficiently knowne both to Theophrastus, and Dioscorides, and was accounted among bulbous rootes, although by sundry names. And secondly, as Dioscorides setteth forth his Satyrium, so this most commonly beareth three leaues vpon a stalke (although sometimes with vs it hath foure or fiue) like vnto a Lilly, whereof some are often seen to be both red, in the first springing, and also vpon the decaying, especially in a dry time, and in a dry ground: the flower likewise of some is white, and like a Lilly; the roote is round, and as white within as the white of an egge, couered with a browne coate, hauing a sweetish, but not vnpleasant taste, as any man without danger many try. This description doth so liuely set forth this plant, that I thinke wee shall not neede to be any longer in doubt, where to finde Dioscorides his Satyrium Triphyllum, seeing wee haue such plenty growing with vs. And thirdly, there is no doubt, but that it hath the same qualities, as you shall hereafter heare further. And lastly, that plant likewise that beareth a red flower, may very well agree with his Erythronium; for the descriptions in Dioscorides are both alike, as are their qualities, the greatest doubt may be in the seede, which yet may agree vnto Lin or Flaxe as fitly, or rather more then many other plants doe, in many of his comparisons, which yet wee receiue for currant. For the seede of Tulipas are flat, hard, and shining as the seede ofLinumor Flaxe, although of another colour, and bigger, as Dioscorides himselfe setteth it downe. But if there should be a mistaking in the writing ofλὶνουforκρὶνουorλεῖριουin the Greeke Text, as the slippe is both easie and likely, it were then out of all question the same: for the seede is very like vnto the seede of Lillies, as any man may easily discerne that know them, or will compare them. It is generally called by all the late Writers,Tulipa, which is deriued from the nameTulpan, whereby the Turkes ofDalmatiadoe entitle their head Tyres, or Caps; and this flower being blowne, laide open, and inuerted, doth very well resemble them. We haue receiued the early kinde from Constantinople, by the name ofCafa lale, and the other by the name ofCauala lale. Lobel and others doe call itLilio-narcissus, because it doth resemble a Lilly in the leafe, flower, and seede, and a Daffodil in the roote. We call it in English the Turkes Cap, but most vsually Tulipa, as most other Christian Countries that delight therein doe. Daleschampius calleth it Oulada.The Vertues.Dioscorides writeth, that his first Satyrium is profitable for them thathaue a convulsion in their necke, (which wee call a cricke in the necke) if it be drunke in harsh (which we call red) wine.That the roots of Tulipas are nourishing, there is no doubt, the pleasant, or at least the no vnpleasant taste, may hereunto perswade; for diuers haue had them sent by their friends from beyond Sea, and mistaking them to bee Onions, haue vsed them as Onions in their pottage or broth, and neuer found any cause of mislike, or any sense of euill quality produced by them, but accounted them sweete Onions.Further, I haue made tryall of them my selfe in this manner. I haue preserued the rootes of these Tulipas in Sugar, as I haue done the rootes of Eringus, Orchis, or any other such like, and haue found them to be almost as pleasant as the Eringus rootes, being firme and sound, fit to be presented to the curious; but for force of Venereous quality, I cannot say, either from my selfe, not hauing eaten many, or from any other, on whom I haue bestowed them: but surely, if there be any speciall propertie in the rootes of Orchis, or some other tending to that purpose, I thinke this may as well haue it as they. It should seeme, that Dioscorides doth attribute a great Venereous faculty to the seede, whereof I know not any hath made any especiall experiment with vs as yet.
Chap. VIII.Tulipa.The Turkes Cap.Next vnto the Lillies, and before the Narcissi or Daffodils, the discourse of Tulipas deserueth his place, for that it partaketh of both their natures; agreeing with the Lillies in leaues, flowers, and seede, and somewhat with the Daffodils in rootes. There are not onely diuers kindes of Tulipas, but sundry diuersities of colours in them, found out in these later dayes by many the searchers of natures varieties, which haue not formerly been obserued: our age being more delighted in the search, curiosity, and rarities of these pleasant delights, then any age I thinke before. But indeede, this flower, aboue many other, deserueth his true commendations and acceptance with all louers of these beauties, both for the stately aspect, and for the admirable varietie of colours, that daily doe arise in them, farre beyond all other plants that grow, in so much, that I doubt, although I shall in this Chapter set downe the varieties of a great many, I shall leaue more vnspoken of, then I shall describe; for I may well say, there is in this one plant no end of diuersity to be expected, euery yeare yeelding a mixture and variety that hath not before been obserued, and all this arising from the sowing of the seede. The chiefe diuision of Tulipas, is into two sorts:Præcoces, early flowring Tulipas, andSerotinæ, late flowring Tulipas. For that sort which is calledMediæorDubiæ, that is, which flower in the middle time betweene them both, and may be thought to be a kinde or sort by it selfe, as well as any of the other two: yet because they doe neerer participate with theSerotinæthen with thePræcoces, not onely in the colour of the leafe, being of the same greennesse with theSerotinæ, and most vsually also, for that it beareth his stalke and flower, high and large like as theSerotinædoe; but especially, for that the seede of aMedia Tulipadid neuer bring forth aPræcoxflower (although I know Clusius, an industrious, learned, and painfull searcher and publisher of these rarities, saith otherwise) so farre as euer I could, by mine owne care or knowledge, in sowing their seede apart, or the assurance of any others, the louers and sowers of Tulipa seede, obserue, learne, or know: and because also that the seede of theSerotinæbringeth forthMedias, and the seede ofMedias Serotinæ, they may well bee comprehended vnder the generall title ofSerotinæ: But because they haue generally receiued the nameMediæ, or middle flowring Tulipas, to distinguish between them, and those that vsually doe flower after them; I am content to set them downe, and speake of them seuerally, as of three sorts. Vnto the place and ranke likewise of thePræcoces, or early flowring Tulipas, there are some other seuerall kinds of Tulipas to be added, which are notably differing, not onely from the formerPræcox Tulipa, but euery one of them, one from another, in some speciall note or other: as theTulipa Boloniensis flore rubro, the red Bolonia Tulipa.Tulipa Boloniensis flore luteo, the yellow Bolonia Tulipa.Tulipa Persica, Persian Tulipa.Tulipa Cretica, the Candie Tulipa, and others: all which shall bee described and entreated of, euery one apart by it selfe, in the end of the ranke of thePræcoces, because all of them flower much about their time. To begin then with thePræcox, or early flowring Tulipas, and after them with theMediasandSerotinas, I shall for the better method, diuide their flowers into foure primary or principall colours, that is to say, White, Purple, Red and Yellow, and vnder every one of these colours, set downe the seuerall varieties of mixtures we haue seene and obserued in them, that so they may be both the better described by me, and the better conceiued by others, and euery one placed in their proper ranke. Yet I shall in this, as I intend to doe in diuers other plants that are variable, giue but one description in generall of the plant, and then set downe the varietie of forme or colour afterwards briefly by themselues.Tulipa præcox.The early flowring Tulipa.The early Tulipa (and so all other Tulipas) springeth out of the ground with his leaues folded one within another, the first or lowest leafe riseth vp first, sharpe pointed, and folded round together, vntill it be an inch or two aboue the ground, which then openeth it selfe, shewing another leafe folded also in the bosome or belly of the first, which in time likewise opening it selfe, sheweth forth a third, and sometimes a fourth and a fifth: the lower leaues are larger then the vpper, and are faire, thicke, broad, long, and hollow like a gutter, and sometimes crumpled on the edges, which will hold water that falleth thereon a long time, of a pale or whitish greene colour, (and theMediæandSerotinæmore greene) couered ouer as it were with a mealinesse or hoarinesse, with an eye or shew of rednesse towards the bottome of the leaues, and the edges in this kinde being more notable white, which are two principall notes to know aPræcox Tulipafrom aMediaorSerotina: the stalke with the flower riseth vp in the middle, as it were through these leaues, which in time stand one aboue another, compassing it at certaine vnequall distances, and is often obserued to bend it selfe crookedly downe to the ground, as if it would thrust his head thereinto, but turning vp his head (which will be the flower) againe, afterwards standeth vpright, sometimes but three or foure fingers or inches high, but more often halfe a foote, and a foot high, but theMedias, andSerotinasmuch higher, carrying (for the most part) but one flower on the toppe thereof, like vnto a Lilly for the forme, consisting of sixe leaues, greene at the first, and afterwards changing into diuers and sundry seuerall colours and varieties, the bottomes likewise of the leaues of these sometimes, but most especially of theMediæ, being as variable as the flower, which are in some yellow, or green, or blacke, in others white, blew, purple, or tawnie; and sometimes one colour circling another: some of them haue little or no sent at all, and some haue a better then others. After it hath been blowne open three or foure dayes or more, it will in the heate of the Sunne spread it selfe open, and lay it selfe almost flat to the stalke: in the middle of the flower standeth a greene long head (which will be the seed vessell) compassed about with sixe chiues, which doe much vary, in being sometimes of one, and sometimes of another colour, tipt with pendents diuersly varied likewise: the head in the middle of the flower groweth after the flower is fallen, to be long, round, and edged, as it were three square, the edges meeting at the toppe, where it is smallest, and making as it were a crowne (which is not seen in the head of any Lilly) and when it is ripe, diuideth it selfe on the inside into sixe rowes, of flat, thinne, brownish, gristly seede, very like vnto the seede of the Lillies, but brighter, stiffer, and more transparent: the roote being well growne is round, and somewhat great, small and pointed at the toppe, and broader, yet roundish at the bottome, with a certaine eminence or seate on the one side, as the roote of the Colchicum hath; but not so long, or great, it hath also an hollownesse on the one side (if it haue borne a flower) where the stalke grew, (for although in the time of the first springing vp, vntill it shew the budde for flower, the stalke with the leaues thereon rise vp out of the middle of the roote; yet when the stalke is risen vp, and sheweth the budde for flower, it commeth to one side, making an impression therein) couered ouer with a brownish thin coate or skin, like an Onion, hauing a little woollinesse at the bottome; but white within, and firme, yet composed of many coates, one folding within another, as the roote of the Daffodils be, of a reasonable good taste, neyther very sweete, nor yet vnpleasant. This description may well serue for the other Tulipas, beingMediasorSerotinas, concerning their springing and bearing, which haue not any other great variety therein worth the note, which is not expressed here; the chiefe difference resting in the variety of the colours of the flower, and their seuerall mixtures and markes, as I said before: sauing onely, that the flowers of some are great and large, and of others smaller, and the leaues of some longand pointed, and of others broad and round, or bluntly pointed, as shall bee shewed in the end of the Chapter: I shall therefore onely expresse the colours, with the mixture or composure of them, and giue you withall the names of some of them, (for it is impossible I thinke to any man, to giue seuerall names to all varieties) as they are called by those that chiefly delight in them with vs.Page 47: Tulipa.1Tulipa præcox alba siue rubra,&c.vnius coloris.The early white or red Tulipa,&c.being of one colour.2Tulipa, præcox purpurea oris albis.The early purple Tulipa with white edges, or the Prince.3Tulipa præcox variegata.The early stript Tulipa.4Tulipa præcox rubra oris luteis.The early red Tulipa with yellow edges, or the Duke.Tulipa præcox Alba.1Niuea tota interdum purpureis staminibus, vel saltem luteis, fundo puro haud luteo.2Alba siue niuea fundo luteo.3Albida.4Alba, venis cærulis in dorso.5Alba purpureis oris.⎧Harum flores vel⎨constantes, vel⎩dispergentes.6Alba carneis oris.7Alba sanguineis oris.8Alba oris magnis carneis, & venis intro respicientibus.9Alba extra, carnei vero coloris intus, oras habens carneas saturatiores.10Albida, oris rubris, vel oris purpureis.11Alba, purpurascentibus maculis extra, intus vero carnei viuacissimi.12Alba, purpureis maculis aspersa extra, intus vero alba purpurantibus oris.13Dux Alba, i. e. coceineis & albis variata flaminis, à medio ad oras intercursantibus.14Princessa, i.e. argentei coloris maculis purpurascentibus.15Regina pulcherrima, albis & sanguineis aspersa radijs & punctis.The early White Tulipa.1 The flower whereof is either pure snow white, with purple sometimes, or at least with yellow chiues, without any yellow bottome.2 Or pure white with a yellow bottome.3 Or milk white that is not so pure white.4 White with blew veines on the outside.5 White with purple edges.⎧Some of these⎪abiding constant,⎨& others⎪spreading⎩or running.6 White with blush edges.7 White With red edges.8 White with great blush edges, and some strakes running from the edge inward.9 White without, and somewhat blush within, with edges of a deeper blush.10 Whitish, or pale white with red or purple edges.11 Whitish without, with some purplish veins & spots, & of a liuely blush within.12 White without, spotted with small purple spots, and white within with purple edges.13 A white Duke, that is, parted with white & crimson flames, from the middle of each leafe to the edge.14 The Princesse, that is, a siluer colour spotted with fine deepe blush spots.15 The Queen, that is, a fine white sprinkled with bloud red spots, and greater strakes.Tulipa præcox purpurea.1Purpurea satura rubescens, vel violacea.2Purpurea pallida, Columbina dicta.3Persici coloris saturi.4Persici coloris Pallidioris.5Paeoniæ floris coloris.6Rosea.7Chermesiua peramæna.8Chermesiua parum striata.9Princeps, i.e. purpurea saturatior vel dilutior, oris albis magnis vel paruis, fundo luteo, vel albo orbe, quæ multum variatur, & colore, & oris, ita vt purpurea elegans oris magnis albis; dicta est, Princeps excellens, &10Princeps Columbina, purpurea dilutior.11Purpurea Chermesina, rubicandioris coloris, albidis vel albis oris.12Purpurea, vel obsoleta albidis oris Princeps Brancion.13Purpurea diluta, oris dilutioris purpurei coloris.14Purpurea in exterioribus, carnei vero ad medium intus, oris albis, fundo luteo.15Purpurea albo plumata extra, oris albis, purpurascens intus, fundo luteo, vel orbe albo.16Alia, minus elegans plumata,minoribusq., oris albidis.The early purple Tulipa.1 A reddish purple, or more violet.2 A pale purple, called a Doue colour.3 A deep Peach colour.4 A paler Peach colour.5 A Peony flower colour.6 A Rose colour.7 A Crimson very bright.8 A Crimson stript with a little white.9 A Prince or Bracklar, that is, a deepe or pale purple, with white edges, greater or smaller, and a yellow bottome, or circled with white, which varieth much, both in the purple & edges, so that a faire deep purple, with great white edges, is called, The best or chiefe Prince, and10 A paler purple with white edges, called a Doue coloured Prince.11 A Crimson Prince or Bracklar.12 A Brancion Prince, or purple Brancion.13 A purple with more pale purple edges.14 Purple without, and blush halfe way within, with white edges, and a yellow bottome.15 Purple feathered with white on the out side, with white edges, and pale purple within, the ground being a little yellow, or circled with white.16 Another very neere vnto it, but not so fairely feathered, being more obscure, and the edges not so great or whitish.Tulipa præcox rubra.1Rubra vulgaris fundo luteo, aliquando nigro.2Rubra satura oris luteis paruis, dicta Roan.3Baro, i. e. rubra magis intensa, oris luteis paruis.4Dux maior & minor, i.e. rubra magis aut minus elegans satura, oris luteis maximis vel minoribus, & fundo luteo magno. Alia alijs est magis amœna, in alijs etiam fundo nigro vel obscuro viridi.5Ducissa, i. e. Duci similis, at plus lutei quàm rubri, oris magnis luteis, & rubore magis aut minus intus in gyrum acto, fundo item luteo magno.6Testamentum Brancion i.e., rubra sanguinea satura, aut minus rubra, oris pallidis, magnis vel paruis: alia alijs magis aut minus elegans diuersimodo.7Flambans, ex rubore & flauedine radiata, vel striata fundo luteo.8Mali Aurantij coloris, ex rubore, & flauedinè integre, non separatim mixta, oris luteis paruis, velabsq., oris.9Minij, siue Cinabaris coloris, i.e. ex purpurea, rubedine, & flauedine radiata, vnguibus luteis, & aliquando oris.10Rex Tuliparum, i.e. ex sanguineo & aureo radiatim mixta, à flammea diuersa, fundo luteo, orbe rubro.11Tunica Morionis, i.e. ex rubore & aureo separatim diuersa.The early red Tulipa.1 An ordinary red, with a yellow, & sometimes a blacke bottome.2 A deep red, with a small edge of yellow, called a Roane.3 A Baron, that is, a faire red with a small yellow edge.4 A Duke, a greater and a lesser, that is, a more or less faire deep red, with greater or lesser yellow edges, and a great yellow bottome. Some of this sort are much more or lesse faire then others, some also haue a blacke or darke greene bottome.5 A Dutchesse, that is like vnto the Duke, but more yellow then red, with greater yellow edges, and the red more or lesse circling the middle of the flower on the inside, with a large yellow bottome.6 A Testament Brancion, or a BrancionDuke, that is, a faire deepe red, or lesse red, with a pale yellow or butter coloured edge, some larger others smaller: and some more pleasing then others, in a very variable manner.7 A Flambant, differing from the Dutchesse; for this hath no such great yellow edge, but streaks of yellow through the leafe vnto the very edge.8 An Orenge colour, that is, a reddish yellow, or a red and yellow equally mixed, with small yellow edges, and sometimes without.9 A Vermillion, that is, a purplish red, streamed with yellow, the bottome yellow, and sometimes the edges.10 The Kings flower, that is, a crimson or bloud red, streamed with a gold yellow, differing from the Flambant, the bottome yellow, circled with red.11 A Fooles coate, parted with red and yellow guardes.Tulipa præcox lutea.1Lutea siue flaua.2Pallida lutea siue straminea.3Aurea, oris rubicundis.4Straminea, oris rubris.5Aurea, rubore perfusa extra.6Aurea, vel magis pallida, rubore in gyrum acta simillima Ducissæ, nisi minus rubedinis habet.7Aurea, extremitatibus rubris, dici potest, Morionis Pilæus præcox.The early yellow Tulipa.1 A faire gold yellow without mixture.2 A strawe colour.3 A faire yellow with reddish edges.4 A strawe colour, with red edges.5 A faire yellow, reddish on the out side onely.6 A gold or paler yellow, circled on the inside a little with red, very like the Dutchesse, but that it hath lesse red therein.7 A gold yellow with red toppes, and may be called, The early Fooles Cap.Tulipa de Caffa.The Tulipa of Caffa.There is another sort or kinde of early Tulipa, differing from the former, whose pale greene leaues being as broad and large as they, and sometimes crumpled or waued at the edges, in some haue the edges onely of the said leaues for a good breadth, of a whitish or whitish yellow colour, and in others, the leaues are lifted or parted with whitish yellow and greene: the stalke riseth not vp so high as the former, and beareth a flower at the toppe like vnto the former, in some of a reddish yellow colour, with a russet coloured ground or bottome, and in others, of other seuerall colours: the seede and roote is so like vnto others of this kinde, that they cannot be distinguished.There is (as I doe heare) of this kinde, bothPræcocesandSerotinæearly flowring, and late flowring, whereof although wee haue not so exact knowledge, as of the rest, yet I thought good to speake so much, as I could hitherto vnderstand of them, and giue others leaue (if I doe not) hereafter to amplifie it.Tulipa Boloniensis, siue Bombycina flore rubro major.The greater red Bolonia Tulipa.There are likewise other kindes of early Tulipas to bee spoken of, and first of the red Bolonia Tulipa; the roote whereof is plainly discerned, to be differing from all others: for that it is longer, and not hauing so plaine an eminence at the bottome thereof, as the former and later Tulipas, but more especially because the toppe is plentifully stored with a yellowish silke-like woollinesse: the outside likewise or skinne is of a brighter or paler red, not so easie to be pilled away, and runneth vnder ground both downeright and sidewise (especially in the countrey ground and ayre, where it will encrease aboundantly, but not either in our London ayre, or forc’t grounds) somewhat like vnto the yellow Bolonia Tulipa next following. It shooteth out of the ground with broad and long leaues, like the former; but neither so broad, nor of so white or mealy a greene colour as the former, but more darke then the late flowring Tulipa, so that this may bee easily discerned by his leafe from any other Tulipa aboue the ground, by one that is skilfull. It beareth likewise three or foure leaues vpon the stalke, like the former, and a flower also at the toppe of the same fashion, but that the leaues hereof are alwayes long, and somewhat narrow, hauing a large blacke bottome, made like vnto a cheuerne, the point whereof riseth vp vnto the middle of the leafe, higher then any other Tulipa; the flower is of a pale red colour, nothing so liuely as in the early or late red Tulipas, yet sweeter for the most part then any of them, and neerest vnto the yellow Bolonia Tulipa, which is much about the same sent.Tulipa pumilio rubra, siue Bergomensis rubra media & minor.The dwarfe red Bergomo Tulipa, a bigger and a lesser.There are two other sorts hereof, and because they were found about Bergomo, do carry that name, the one bigger or lesser then another, yet neither so great as the former, hauing very little other difference to bee obserued in them, then that they are smaller in all parts of them.Tulipa Boloniensis flore luteo.The yellow Bolonia Tulipa.The roote of this Tulipa may likewise bee knowne from the former red (or any other Tulipa) in that it seldome commeth to bee so bigge, and is not so woolly at the toppe, and the skinne or outside is somewhat paler, harder, and sharper pointed: but the bottome is like the former red, and not so eminent as the early or late Tulipas. This beareth much longer and narrower leaues then any (except the Persian & dwarfe yellow Tulipas) and of a whitish greene colour: it beareth sometimes but one flower on a stalke, and sometimes two or three wholly yellow, but smaller, & more open then the other kinds, and (as I said) smelleth sweete, the head for seede is smaller then in others, and hath not that crowne at the head thereof yet the seed is like, but smaller.Tulipa Narbonensis, siue Monspeliensis vel pumilio.The French or dwarfe yellow Tulipa.This Tulipa is very like vnto the yellow Bolonia Tulipa, both in roote, leafe, and flower, as also in the colour thereof, being yellow: the onely difference is, that it is in all things lesser and lower, and is not so apt to beare, nor so plentifull to encrease by the roote.Tulipa Italica maior & minor.The Italian Tulipa the greater and the lesser.Both these kindes of Tulipas doe so neere resemble the last kinde, that I might almost say they were the same, but that some difference which I saw in them, maketh mee set them apart; and consisteth in these things, the stalkes of neither of both these rise so high, as of the first yellow Bolonia Tulipa: the leaues of both sorts are writhed in and out at the edges, or made like a waue of the sea, lying neerer the ground, and the flower being yellow within, is brownish or reddish on the backe, in the middle of the three outer leaues the edges appearing yellow. Both these kindes doe differ one from the other in nothing, but in that one is bigger, and the other smaller then the other which I saw with Iohn Tradescante, my very good friend often remembred.Tulipa Lusitanica, siue pumilio versicolor.The dwarfe stript Tulipa.This dwarfe Tulipa is also of the same kindred with the three last described; for there is no other difference in this from them, then that the flower hath some red veins running in the leaues thereof.There are two other sorts of dwarfe Tulipas with white flowers, whereof Lobel hath made mention in the Appendix to hisAduersaria; the one whereof is the same that Clusius setteth forth, vnder the title ofPumilio altera: but because I haue not seen either of them both, I speake no further of them.Tulipa pumilio alba.The white dwarfe Tulipa.But that white flower that Iohn Tradescante shewed me, and as hee saith, was deliuered him for a white Pumilio, had a stalke longer then they set out theirs to haue, and the flower also larger, but yet had narrower leaues then other sorts of white Tulipas haue.Tulipa Bicolor.The small party coloured Tulipa.Vnto these kindes, I may well adde this kinde of Tulipa also, which was sent out of Italy, whose leaues are small, long, and narrow, and of a darke greene colour, somewhat like vnto the leaues of an Hyacinth: the flower is small also, consisting of sixe leaues, as all other Tulipas doe, three whereof are wholly of a red colour, and the other three wholly of a yellow.Page 53: Tulipa.1Tulipa Bombycina flore rubro.The red Bolonia Tulipa.2Tulipa Boloniensis flore luteo.The yellow Bolonia Tulipa.3Tulipa pumilio rubra siue lutea.The red or yellow dwarfe Tulipa.4Folium Tulipa de Cassa per totum striuatum.The leafe of the Tulipa of Cassa striped throughout the whole leafe.5Folium Tulipa Cassa per oras striatum.The leafe of the Tulipa of Cassa striped at the edges onely.6Tulipa Persica.The Persian Tulipa.7Tulipa Cretica.The Tulipa of Candie.8Tulipa Armeniaca.The Tulipa of Amenia.Tulipa Persica.The Persian Tulipa.This rare Tulipa, wherewith we haue beene but lately acquainted, doth most fitly deserue to be described in this place, because it doth so neerely participate with the Bolonia and Italian Tulipas, in roote, leafe, and flower: the roote hereof is small, couered with a thicke hard blackish shell or skinne, with a yellowish woollinesse both at the toppe, and vnder the shell. It riseth out of the ground at the first, with one very long and small round leafe, which when it is three or foure inches high, doth open it selfe, and shew forth another small leafe (as long almost as the former) breaking out of the one side thereat, and after it a third, and sometimes a fourth, and a fift; but each shorter then other, which afterwards be of the breadth of the dwarfe yellow Tulipa, or somewhat broader but much longer then any other, and abiding more hollow, and of the colour of the early Tulipas on the inside: the stalke riseth vp a foot and a halfehigh sometimes, bearing one flower thereon, composed of sixe long and pointed leaues of the forme of other small Tulipas, and not shewing much bigger then the yellow Italian Tulipa, and, is wholly white, both inside and outside of all the leaues, except the three outtermost, which haue on the backe of them, from the middle toward the edges, a shew of a brownish blush or pale red colour, yet deeper in the midst, and the edges remaining wholly white: the bottomes of all these leaues are of a darke or dun tawnie colour, and the chiues and tippes of a darkish purple or tawnie also. This doth beare seed but seldome in our country, that euer I could vnderstand, but when it doth, it is small like vnto the Bolonia or dwarfe yellow Tulipas, being not so plentifull also in parting, or setting of by the roote as they, and neuer groweth nor abideth so great as it is brought vnto vs, and seldome likewise flowreth after the first yeare: for the rootes for the most part with euery one grow lesse and lesse, decaying euery yeare, and so perish for the most part by reason of the frosts and cold, and yet they haue been set deepe to defend them, although of their owne nature they will runne downe deep into the ground.Tulipa Byzantina duobus floribus Clusij.The small Tulipa of Constantinople.The small Tulipa of Constantinople, beareth for the most part but two leaues on the stalke, which are faire and broad, almost like vnto the Candy Tulipa, next hereunto to be described: the stalke it selfe riseth not aboue a foote high, bearing sometimes but one flower, but most commonly two thereon, one below another, and are no bigger then the flowers of the yellow Bolonia Tulipa, but differing in colour; for this is on the outside of a purplish colour, mixed with white and greene, and on the inside of a faire blush colour, the bottome and chiues being yellow, and the tippes or pendents blackish: the roote is very like the yellow Bolonia Tulipa.Tulipa Cretica.The Tulipa of Candie.This Tulipa is of later knowledge with vs then the Persian, but doth more hardly thriue, in regard of our cold climate; the description whereof, for so much as wee haue knowledge, by the sight of the roote and leafe, and relation from others of the flower, (for I haue not yet heard that it hath very often flowred in our Country) is as followeth. It beareth faire broad leaues, resembling the leaues of a Lilly, of a greenish colour, and not very whitish: the stalke beareth thereon one flower, larger and more open then many other, which is either wholly white, or of a deepe red colour, or else is variably mixed, white with a fine reddish purple, the bottomes being yellow, with purplish chiues tipt with blackish pendents: the roote is small, and somewhat like the dwarfe yellow Tulipa, but somewhat bigger.Tulipa Armeniaca.The Tulipa of Armenia.This small Tulipa is much differing from all the former (except the small or dwarfe white Tulipas remembred by Lobel and Clusius, as is before set downe) in that it beareth three or foure small, long, and somewhat narrow greene leaues, altogether at one ioynt or place; the stalke being not high, and naked or without leaues from them to the toppe, where it beareth one small flower like vnto an ordinary red Tulipa, but somewhat more yellow, tending to an Orenge colour with a blacke bottome: the roote is not much bigger then the ordinary yellow Bolonia Tulipa, before set downe.And these are the sorts of this firstClassisof early Tulipas.Tulipa Media.The meaner or middle flowring Tulipa.For any other, or further description of this kinde of Tulipa, it shall not neede, hauing giuen it sufficiently in the former early Tulipa, the maine difference consisting first in the time of flowring, which is about a moneth after the early Tulipas, yet some more some lesse; for euen in thePræcoces, or early ones, some flower a little earlier, and later then others, and then in the colours of the flowers; for wee haue obserued manycolours, and mixtures, or varieties of colours in theMedias, which we could neuer see in thePræcoces, and so also some in thePræcoces, which are not in theMedias: yet there is farre greater varieties of mixture of colours in theseMedias, then hath been obserued in all thePræcoces, (although Clusius saith otherwise) eyther by my selfe, or by any other that I haue conuersed with about this matter, and all this hath happened by the sowing of the seede, as I said before. I will therefore in this place not trouble you with any further circumstance, then to distinguish them, as I haue done in the former early Tulipas, into their foure primary colours, and vnder them, giue you their seuerall varieties and names, for so much as hath come to my knowledge, not doubting, but that many that haue trauelled in the sowing of the seed of Tulipas many yeares, may obserue each of them to haue some variety that others haue not: and therefore I thinke no one man can come to the knowledge of all particular distinctions.Tulipa media alba.1Niuea, fundo albo vel luteo.2Argentea, quasi alba cineracea fundo lutescente, purpureis staminibus.3Margaritina alba, carneo dilutissima.4Alba, fundo cæruleo vel nigro.5Albida.6Alba, oris rubris.⎧Hæc tria genera⎪in aliquibus⎨constanter⎪tenent oras, in⎩alijs dispergunt.7Alba, purpureis oris.8Alba, oris coccineis.9Albida primum, deinde albidior, oris purpureis, & venis intrò respicientibus, dicta nobis Hackquenay.10Alba, sanguineo colore variata, fundo vel albissimo, vel alio.11Alba, radiatim disposita flammis, & maculis coccineis.12Alba, purpurea rubedine plumata, diuersarum specierum, quæ cum superiore, vel albo, vel luteo, vel paruo cæruleo constant fundo, quæ constanter tenent punctatos colores, & non dispergunt, sed post trium aut quatuor dierum spatium pulchriores apparent.13Panni argentei coloris, i.e. alba, plumata, punctata, striata, vel diuersimodè variata, rubedine dilutiore, vel saturatiore purpurea, interius vel exterius, velvtrinq., diuersarum specierum.14Tunica morionis alba varia, i.e. ex albo & purpureo striata diuersimodè, fundo albo vel alio.15Holias alba vel albida,absq., fundo, vel fundo purpureo cæruleo, vel cæruleo albo circundato, diuersè signata, vel variata intus ad medietatem foliorum, sursum in orbem vt plurimum, vel ad oras pertingens amplas & albas. Hæ species tantoperè multiplicantur, vt vix sint explicabiles.Tanta est huius varietas, vel multitudine,vel striarum paucitate & distinctione, vel fundis variantibus, vt ad tædium esset perscribere.The white meane flowring Tulipa.1 A snow white, with a white or yellow bottome.2 A siluer colour, that is, a very pale or whitish ashe colour, with a yellowish bottome and purple chiues.3 A Pearle colour, that is, white, with a wash or shew of blush.4 A white, with a blew or blacke bottome.5 A Creame colour.6 A white, with red edges.⎧These three sorts⎪doe hold their⎨edges constant⎪in some, but well⎩spread in others.7 A white, with purple edges.8 A white, with crimson edges.9 A pale or whitish yellow, which after a few dayes groweth more white, with purplish red edges, and some streakes running inward from the edge, which we call an Hackney.10 A white mixed with a bloud red very variably, and with a pure white, or other coloured bottome.11 A white, streamed with crimson flames, and spots through the whole flower.12 A white, speckled with a reddish purple, more or lesse, of diuers sorts, with white, yellow, or blew bottomes, all which doe hold their markes constant, and doe not spread their colours, but shew fairer after they haue stood blown three or foure dayes.13 A cloth of siluer of diuers sorts, that is, a white spotted, striped, or otherwise marked with red or purple, in some paler, in some deeper, either on the inside, or on the outside, or on both.14 A white Fooles coate of diuers sorts, that is, purple or pale crimson, and white, as it were empaled together, eyther with a white ground or other, whereof there is great variety.15 A white Holias, that is, a faire white, or paler white, eyther without a bottome, or with a blewish purple bottome, or blew and white circling the bottome,and from the middle vpwards, speckled and straked on the inside for the most part, with bloud red or purplish spots and lines vnto the very edges, which abide large and white. Of this kinde there are found very great varieties, not to be expressed.Of this sort there is so much variety, some being larger or fairer marked then others, their bottomes also varying, that it is almost impossible to express them.Tulipa media purpurea.1Purpurea satura.2Purpurea dilutior, diuersarum specierum, quarum Rosea vna, Carnea sit altera.3Persicicoloris, duarum aut trium specierum.4Chermesina, obscura aut pallida.5Stamela, intensior aut remissior.6Xerampelina.7Purpurea, striata.8Persici saturi, vel diluti coloris, vndulata, vel radiata.9Columbina, oris & radijs albis.10Purpurea rubra, oris, albis, similis Præcoci, dicta Princeps.11Chermesina, vel Heluola, lineis albis in medio, & versus oras, fundo cæruleo, vel albo,itemq., albo orbe.12Purpurea remissior, aut intensior, oris albis, paruis aut magnis, vt in Principe præcoci, fundo vel cæruleo, orbe albo, vel albo orbe cæruleo amplo.13Holias Heluola, sanguineis guttis intus à medio sursum in orbem, fundo cæruleo.14Tunica Morionis purpurea rubra satura, albido striata, quam in alba saturatior, fundo ex cæruleo & albo.15Purpurea rubra satura vel diluta, albo vel albedine, punctata vel striata diuersimodè, dicta Cariophyllata.The meane flowring purple Tulipa.1 A faire deep purple.2 A paler purple, of many sorts, whereof a Rose colour is one, a Blush another.3 A Peach colour of two or three sorts.4 A Crimson, deepe, or pale.5 A Stamell, darke or light.6 A Murrey.7 A purple, stript and spotted.8 A Peach colour, higher or paler, waued or stript.9 A Doue colour, edged and straked with white.10 A faire red purple, with white edges, like vnto the early Tulipa, called a Prince.11 A faire crimson, or Claret wine colour, with white lines both in the middle, and towards the edges, most haue a blew bottome, yet some are white, or circled with white.12 A light or deepe purple, with white edges, greater or smaller, like the early Prince, the bottomes eyther blew circled with white, or white circled with a large blew.13 A purple Holias, the colour of a pale Claret wine, marked and spotted with bloud red spots, round about the middle of each leafe vpward on the inside onely, the bottome being blew.14 A Crimson Fooles Coate, a darke crimson, and pale white empaled together, differing from the white Fooles Coate, the bottome blew and white.15 A deeper or paler reddish purple, spotted or striped with a paler or purer white, of diuers sorts, called the Gilloflower Tulipa.Page 57: Tulipa.1Tulipa rubra & lutea varia.The Fooles Coate red and yellow.2Tulipa Holeas alba absq. fundo.The white Holeas without a bottome.3Tulipa argentea, vel punctata,&c.The cloth of siluer, or other spotted Tulipa.4Tulipa alba flammis coccineis.The white Fooles Coate.5Tulipa Holeas alba,&c.fundo purpureo,&c.A white Holeas,&c.with a purple bottome,&c.6Tulipa rubra & lutea flammea,&c.A red and yellow flamed Tulipa,&c.7Tulipa alba striata & punctata.A white striped and spotted Tulipa.8Tulipa altera variata,&c.Another variable Tulipa.Tulipa media rubra.1Rubra communis, fundo luteo, vel nigro.2Mali Aurantij coloris.3Cinabaris coloris.4Lateritij coloris.5Rubra, luteo aspersa.6Rubra, oris luteis.7Testamentum Brancion rubra satura, oris pallidis, diuersarum specierum, rubore variantium, & orarum amplitudine.8Cinabaris radiata, magis aut minus serotina.9Rubra purpurascens obsoleta exterioribus folijs, perfusa luteo intus, oris pallidis luteis.10Rubra purpurascens elegans extra & intus lutescens, oris pallidis luteis, fundo luteo vel viridi.11Rubra flambans coccinea, crebris maculis luteisabsq.fundo.12Flambans elegantior rubra, i.e. radijs luteis intercursantibus ruborem.13Flambans remissiorvtroq.colore.14Panni aurei coloris.15Tunica Morionis verior, seu Palto du Sot. optima, tænijs amplis amœnis & crebris, exrubro & flauo separatim diuisis & excurrentibus, flos constans.16Tunica Morionis altera, tænijs minoribus & minus frequentibus, magis aut minus alia alijs inconstans.17Tunica Morionis pallida, i. e. tænijs vel strijs frequentioribus invtroq.colore pallidis, flos est constans & elegans.18Pileus Morionis, radijs luteis, in medio foliorum latis, per ruborem excurrentibus, fundo luteo, apicibus luteis, & tribus exterioribus folijs luteis oris rubris, velabsq.oris.19Le Suisse, tænijs radiata magnis ex rubore & pallore.20Altera dicta Goliah à floris magnitudine, tænijs radiata simillima le Suisse, nisi rubor & albedo sint elegantiores.21Holias rubra, i.e. sanguinea argenteis radijs, & guttis in orbem dispositis, præsertim interiùs, fundo viridi saturo.22Holias coccinea, rubra coccinea, albo radiata in orbem, circa medium foliorum interiùs, fundo albo.23Alia huic similis, fundo albo & cæruleo.The meane flowring red Tulipa.1 A faire red which is ordinary, with a yellow or blacke bottome.2 A deepe Orenge colour.3 A Vermillion.4 A pale red, or Bricke colour.5 A Gingeline colour.6 A red with small yellow edges.7 A Testament Brancion of diuers sorts, differing both in the deepnesse of the red, and largenesse of the pale coloured edges.8 A Vermillion flamed, flowring later or earlier.9 A dead purplish red without, and of a yellowish red within, with pale yellow edges.10 A bright Crimson red on the outside, more yellowish on the inside, with pale yellow edges, and a bottome yellow or greene.11 A red Flambant, spotted thicke with yellow spots without any bottome.12 A more excellent red Flambant, with flames of yellow running through the red.13 A pale coloured Flambant.14 A cloth of gold colour.15 A true Fooles Coate, the best is a faire red & a faire yellow, parted into guards euery one apart, varied through euery leafe to the very edge, yet in most abiding constant.16 Another Fooles Coate, not so fairely marked, nor so much, some of these are more or lesse constant in their marks, & some more variable then others.17 A pale Fooles Coate, that is, with pale red, and pale yellow guardes or stripes very faire and constant.18 A Fooles Cappe, that is, with lists or stripes of yellow running through the middle of euery leafe of the red, broader at the bottome then aboue, the bottome being yellow, the three outer leaues being yellow with red edges, or without.19 A Swisse, pained with a faire red and pale white or strawe colour.20 A Goliah, so called of the bignesse of the flower, most like to the Swisse in the marks and guardes, but that the red and white is more liuely.21 A red Holias. A bloud red stript with siluer white veines and spots, with a darke green bottome.22 A Crimson red Holias, that is, a faire purplish red, spotted with white circlewise about the middle of the inner leaues, and a white bottome.23 Another like thereunto, with a blew and white bottome.Page 59: Tulipa.1Tulipa tricolor.A Tulipa of three colours.2Tulipa Macedonica, siue de Caffa varia.The Tulipa of Caffa purple, with pale white stripes.3Tulipa Heluola chermesina versicolor.A pure Claret wine colour variable.4Tulipa Caryophyllata Wilmeri.Mr. Wilmers Gilloflower Tulipa.5Tulipa Chermesina flammis albis.A Crimson with white flames.6Tulipa Goliah.A kind of Zwisser called Goliah.7Tulipa le Zwisse.A Tulipa called the Zwisser.8Tulipa alba flammis coccineis.Another white Flambant or Fooles Coate.9Tulipa Cinnabarina albo flammata.The Vermillion flamed.10Tulipa plumata rubra & lutea.The feathered Tulipa red and yellow.Tulipa media lutea.1Lutea, siue Aurea vulgaris.2Straminea.3Sulphurea.4Mali Aurantij pallidi coloris.5Lutea dilutè purpurea striata, aurei panni pallidi instar.6Pallidè lutea fuscedine adumbrata.7Flaua, oris rubris magnis, aut paruis.8Straminea oris rubris magnis intensis, vel paruis remissis.9Obscura & fuliginosa lutea, instar Folij decidui,ideoq.Folium mortuum appellatur.10Flaua, rubore perfusa, etiamque striata per totum, dorso coccineo, oris pallidis.11Pallidè lutea, perfusa & magis aut minus rubore striata, fundo vel luteo, vel viridi.12Testamentum Clusij, i.e. lutea pallida fuligine obfusca, exteriùs & interiùs ad orasvsq.pallidas, per totum vero floris medium, maculis interiùs aspersa instar omnium aliarum Holias, dorso obscuriore, fundo viridi.13Flambans lutea, diuersimodè intus magis aut minus striata, vel in alijs extra maculata rubore, fundo vt plurimum nigro, vel in alijs luteo.14Flambans pallidior & elegantior.15Holias lutea intensior vel remissior diuersimodè, in orbem radiata interius, rubris maculis ad supremasvsq.oras, aliquoties crebrè, aliàs parcè, fundo viridi, vel tanetto obscuro.16Holias straminea rubore striata & punctata, instar alba Holias.17Tunica Morionis lutea, alijs dicta Flammea, in qua color flavus magis & conspicuus rubore, diuersimodè radiata.Huc reddenda esset viridarum Tuliparum classis, quæ diuersarum etiam constat specierum. Vna viridis intensior cuius flos semper ferè semiclausus manet staminibus simbriatis. Altera remissior, instar Psittacipennarum viridium, luteo variata oris albis. Tertia adhuc dilutiori viriditate oris purpureis. Quarta, cujus folia æqualiter purpura diluta, & viriditate diuisa sunt. Quinta, folijs longissimis stellæmodo expansis, ex rubore & viriditate coacta.The meane flowring yellow Tulipa.1 A faire gold yellow.2 A Strawe colour.3 A Brimstone colour pale yellowish greene.4 A pale Orenge colour.5 A pale cloth of gold colour.6 A Custard colour a pale yellow shadowed ouer with a browne.7 A gold yellow with red edges, greater or smaller.8 A Strawe colour with red edges, deeper or paler, greater or smaller.9 A sullen or smoakie yellow, like a dead leafe that is fallen, and therefore called,Fucille mort.10 A yellow shadowed with red, and striped also through all the leaues, the backside of them being of a red crimson, and the edges pale.11 A pale yellow, shadowed and striped with red, in some more in some lesse, the bottomes being either yellow or green.12 ATestamentum Clusij, that is, a shadowed pale yellow, both within & without, spotted round about the middle on the inside, as all other Holias are, the backe of the leaues being more obscure or shadowed with pale yellow edges, and a greene bottome.13 A yellow Flambant of diuers sorts, that is, the whole flower more or lesse streamed or spotted on the inside, and in some on the outside with red, the bottome in most being blacke, yet in some yellow.14 A paler yellow Flambant more beautifull.15 A yellow Holias, paler or deeper yellow very variable, spotted on the inside round about the middle, with red sometimes plentifully, or else sparingly with a green or dark tawny bottome.16 A strawe coloured Holias, spotted and streamed with red, as is to bee seene in the white Holias.17 A yellow Fooles coate, of some called a flame colour, wherein the yellow is more then the red, diuersly streamed.Vnto these may be added the greene Tulipa which is also of diuers sorts. One hauing a great flower of a deepe green colour, seldome opening it selfe, but abiding alwaies as it were halfe shut vp and closed, the chiues being as it were feathered. Another of a paler or yellowish green, paned with yellow, and is called, The Parret,&c.with white edges. A third of a more yellowish green, with red or purplish edges. A fourth, hath the leaues of the flower equally almost parted, with greene and a light purple colour, which abiding a long time in flower, groweth in time to be fairer marked: for at the first it doth not shew it selfe so plainely diuided. Some call this a greene Swisser. A fifth hath the longest leaues standing like a starre, consisting of greene and purple.Tulipa Serotina.The late flowring Tulipa.The late flowring Tulipa hath had his description expressed in the precedent discourse, so that I shall not neede to make a repetition of what hath already beene set downe. The greatest matter of knowledge in this kinde is this, That it hath no such plentifull variety of colours or mixtures in his flowers, as are in the two former sorts, but is confined within these limits here expressed, as farre as hath come to our knowledge.Tulipa Serotina.Rosea intensior, aut remissior.Rubra vulgaris, aut saturatior, & quasi nigricans, fundo luteo vel nigro orbe, aureo incluso, dicta Oculus Solis.Lutea communis.Lutea oris rubris.Lutea guttis sanguineis, fundo nigro vel vario.The late flowring Tulipa.A Rose Colour deeper or paler.An ordinary red, or else a deeper red like blacke bloud, with a blacke or yellow bottome, or blacke circled with yellow, called the Suns eye.An ordinary yellow.A yellow with red edges.A yellow with red spots and veines, the bottome black or discoloured.There yet remaine many obseruations, concerning these beautifull flowers, fit to be knowne, which could not, without too much prolixity, be comprehended within the body of the description of them; but are reserued to bee intreated of a part by themselues.All sorts of Tulipas beare vsually but one stalke, and that without any branches: but sometimes nature is so plentifull in bearing, that it hath two or three stalkes, and sometimes two, or more branches out of one stalke (euery stalke or branch bearing one flower at the toppe) but this is but seldome seene; and when it doth happen once, it is hardly seene againe in the same roote, but is a great signe, that the roote that doth thus, being an old roote, will the same yeare part into diuers rootes, whereof euery one, being of a reasonable greatnesse, will beare both his stalke and flower the next yeare, agreeing with the mother plant in colour, as all the of-sets of Tulipas doe for the most part: for although the young of-sets of some doe vary from the maine roote, euen while it groweth with them, yet being separated, it will bee of the same colour with the mother plant.There groweth oftentimes in theMedias, and sometimes also in thePræcoces, but more seldome, a small bulbe or roote, hard aboue the ground, at the bottome of the stalke, and betweene it and the lower leafe, which when the stalke is dry, and it ripe, being put into the ground, will bring forth in time a flower like vnto the mother plant, from whence it was taken.The flowers also of Tulipas consist most commonly of sixe leaues, but sometimes they are seene to haue eight or tenne, or more leaues; but vsually, those rootes beare but their ordinary number of sixe leaues the next yeare: the head for seede then, is for the most part foure square, which at all other times is but three square, or when the flower wanteth a leafe or two, as sometimes also it doth, it then is flat, hauing but two sides.The forme of the flower is also very variable; for the leaues of some Tulipas are all sharpe pointed, or all blunt and round pointed, and many haue the three outer leaues sharpe pointed, and the three inner round or pointed, and some contrariwise, the three outermost round pointed, and the three inner sharpe pointed. Againe, some haue all the leaues of the flowers long and narrow, and some haue them broader and shorter. SomePræcocesalso haue their flowers very large and great, equall vnto eyther theMedia, orSerotina, which most commonly are the largest, and others haue them as small as the Bolonia Tulipa.The bottomes of the leaues of the flowers are also variably diuersified, and so are both the chiues or threeds that stand vp about the head, and the tips or pendents that are hanging loose on the toppes of them; and by the difference of the bottomes or chiues, many flowers are distinguished, which else are very like in colour, and alike also marked.For the smell also there is some diuersity; for that the flowers of some are very sweete, of others nothing at all, and some betweene both, of a small sent, but not offensiue: and yet some I haue obserued haue had a strong ill sent; but how to shew you to distinguish them, more then by your owne sense, I cannot: for the seedes of sweete smelling Tulipas doe not follow their mother plant, no more then they doe in the colour.And lastly, take this, which is not the least obseruation, worth the noting, that I haue obserued in many: When they haue beene of one entire colour for diuers yeares, yet in some yeare they haue altered very much, as if it had not beene the same, viz. from a purple or stamell, it hath beene variably either parted, or mixed, or striped with white, eyther in part, or through the whole flower, and so in a red or yellow flower, that it hath had eyther red or yellow edges, or yellow or red spots, lines, veines, or flames, running through the red or yellow colour, and sometimes it hath happened, that three leaues haue been equally parted in the middle with red yellow, the other three abiding of one colour, and in some the red had some yellow in it, and the yellow some red spots in it also; whereof I haue obserued, that all such flowers, not hauing their originall in that manner, (for some that haue such or the like markes from the beginning, that is, from the first and second yeares flowring, are constant, and doe not change) but as I said, were of one colour at the first, doe shew theweaknesse and decay of the roote, and that this extraordinary beauty in the flower, is but as the brightnesse of a light, vpon the very extinguishing thereof, and doth plainly declare, that it can doe his Master no more seruice, and therefore with this iollity doth bid him good night. I know there is a common opinion among many (and very confidently maintained) that a Tulipa with a white flower, hath changed to beare a red or yellow, and so of the red or yellow, and other colours, that they are likewise inconstant, as though no flowers were certaine: but I could neuer either see or heare for certaine any such alteration, nor any other variation, but what is formerly expressed. Let not therefore any iudicious be carried away with any such idle conceit, but rather suspect some deceit in their Gardeners or others, by taking vp one, and putting in another in the place, or else their owne mistaking.Now for the sowing, planting, transplanting, choise, and ordering of Tulipas, which is not the least of regard, concerning this subiect in hand, but (as I think) would be willingly entertained; What I haue by my best endeauours learned, by mine owne paines in almost forty yeares trauell, or from others informations, I am willing here to set downe; not doubting, but that some may adde what hath not come to my knowledge.First, in the sowing of seedes of Tulipas, I haue not obserued (whatsoeuer others haue written) nor could of certainty learne of others, that there doth arise from the seedes ofPræcocesanyMediasorSerotineTulipas, (or but very seldome) nor am certainly assured of any: but that the seedes of allPræcoces(so they be not doubtfull, or of the last flowring sorts) will bringPræcoces: And I am out of doubt, that I neuer saw, nor could learne, that euer the seede of theMediasorSerotineshaue giuenPræcoces; butMediasorSerotines, according to their naturall kinde. But if there should bee any degeneration, I rather incline to thinke, that it sooner commeth to passe (à meliore ad pelus, forfacilis est descensus, that is) thatPræcocesmay giueMedias, then thatMediasorSerotinesshould giuePræcoces.For the choise of your seede to sowe. First, for thePræcoces, Clusius saith, that thePræcox Tulipa, that beareth a white flower, is the best to giue the greatest variety of colours. Some among vs haue reported, that they haue found great variety rise from the seede of the redPræcox, which I can more hardly beleeue: but Clusius his experience hath the greater probability, but especially if it haue some mixture of red or purple in it. The purple I haue found to be the best, next thereunto is the purple with white edges, and so likewise the red with yellow edges, each of them will bring most of their owne colours. Then the choise of the bestMedias, is to take those colours that are light, rather white then yellow, and purple then red; yea white, not yellow, purple, not red: but these againe to be spotted is the best, and the more the better; but withall, or aboue all in these, respect the ground or bottome of the flower, (which in thePræcox Tulipacannot, because you shall seldome see any other ground in them but yellow) for if the flower be white, or whitish, spotted, or edged, and straked, and the bottome blew or purple (such as is found in the Holias, and in the Cloth of siluer), this is beyond all other the most excellent, and out of question the choisest of an hundred, to haue the greatest and most pleasant variety and rarity. And so in degree, the meaner, in beauty you sowe, the lesser shall your pleasure in rarities be. Bestowe not your time in sowing red or yellow Tulipa seede, or the diuers mixtures of them; for they will (as I haue found by experience) seldome be worth your paines. TheSerotina, or late flowring Tulipa, because it is seldome seene, with any especiall beautifull variety, you may easily your selues ghesse that it can bring forth (euen as I haue also learned) no raritie, and little or no diuersity at all.The time and manner to sowe these seedes is next to be considered. You may not sowe them in the spring of the yeare, if you hope to haue any good of them; but in the Autumne, or presently after they be thorough ripe and dry: yet if you sowe them not vntill the end of October, they will come forward neuer the worse, but rather the better; for it is often seene, that ouer early sowing causeth them to spring out of the ground ouer early, so that if a sharp spring chance, to follow, it may go neere to spoile all, or the most of your seede. Wee vsually sowe the same yeares seede, yet if you chance to keepe of your owne, or haue from others such seed, as is two years old, they will thriue and doe well enough especially if they were ripe and well gathered:You must not sowe them too thicke, for so doing hath lost many a pecke of good seede, as I can tell; for if the seede lye one vpon another, that it hath not roome vpon the sprouting, to enter and take roote in the earth, it perisheth by and by. Some vse to tread downe the ground, where they meane to sowe their seede, and hauing sowne them thereon, doe couer them ouer the thicknesse of a mans thumbe with fine sifted earth, and they thinke they doe well, and haue good reason for it: for considering the nature of the young Tulipa rootes, is to runne downe deeper into the ground, euery yeare more then other, they thinke to hinder their quicke descent by the fastnesse of the ground, that so they may encrease the better. This way may please some, but I doe not vse it, nor can finde the reason sufficient; for they doe not consider, that the stiffenesse of the earth, doth cause the rootes of the young Tulipas to bee long before they grow great, in that a stiffe ground doth more hinder the well thriuing of the rootes, then a loose doth, and although the rootes doe runne downe deeper in a loose earth, yet they may easily by transplanting be holpen, and raised vp high enough. I haue also seene some Tulipas not once remoued from their sowing to their flowring; but if you will not lose them, you must take them vp while their leafe or stalk is fresh, and not withered: for if you doe not follow the stalke downe to the roote, be it neuer so deepe, you will leaue them behinde you. The ground also must be respected; for the finer, softer, and richer the mould is, wherein you sowe your seede, the greater shall be your encrease and varietie: Sift it therefore from all stones and rubbish, and let it be either fat naturall ground of it selfe, or being muckt, that it bee thoroughly rotten: but some I know, to mend their ground, doe make such a mixture of grounds, that they marre it in the making.After the seede is thus sowne, the first yeares springing bringeth forth leaues, little bigger then the ordinary grasse leaues; the second yeare bigger, and so by degrees euery yeare bigger then other. The leaues of thePræcoceswhile they are young, may be discerned from theMediasby this note, which I haue obserued. The leaues of them doe wholly stand vp aboue the ground, shewing the small footstalkes, whereby euerie leafe doth stand, but the leaues of theMediasorSerotinesdoe neuer wholly appeare out of the ground, but the lower part which is broad, abideth vnder the vpper face of the earth. Those Tulipas now growing to bee three yeares old, (yet some at the second, if the ground and ayre be correspondent) are to bee taken vp out of the ground, wherein yee shall finde they haue runne deepe, and to be anew planted, after they haue been a little dryed and cleansed, eyther in the same, or another ground againe, placing them reasonable neare one vnto another, according to their greatnesse, which being planted and couered ouer with earth againe, of about an inch or two thicknesse, may be left vntaken vp againe for two yeare longer, if you will, or else remoued euery yeare after, as you please; and thus by transplanting them in their due season (which is still in the end of Iuly, or beginning of August, or thereabouts) you shall according to your seede and soyle, haue some come to bearing, in the fifth yeare after the flowring, (and some haue had them in the fourth, but that hath beene but few, and none of the best, or in a rich ground) some in the sixth and seuenth, and some peraduenture, not vntill the eighth or tenth yeare: but still remember, that as your rootes grow greater, that in re-planting you giue them the more roome to be distant one from another, or else the one will hinder, if not rot the other.The seede of thePræcocesdoe not thriue and come forward so fast as theMediasorSerotines, nor doe giue any of-sets in their running downe as theMediasdoe, which vsually leaue a small roote at the head of the other that is runne downe euery yeare; and besides, are more tender, and require more care and attendance then theMedias, and therefore they are the more respected.This is a generall and certaine rule in all Tulipas, that all the while they beare but one leafe, they will not beare flower, whether they bee seedlings, or the of-sets of elder rootes, or the rootes themselues, that haue heretofore borne flowers; but when they shew a second leafe, breaking out of the first, it is a certaine signe, that it will then beare a flower, vnlesse some casualty hinder it, as frost or raine, to nip or spoile the bud, or other vntimely accident befall it.To set or plant your best and bearing Tulipas somewhat deeper then other rootes, I hold it the best way; for if the ground bee either cold, or lye too open to the coldNortherne ayre, they will be the better defended therein, and not suffer the frosts or cold to pierce them so soone: for the deepe frosts and snowes doe pinch thePræcoceschiefly, if they bee too neare the vppermost crust of the earth; and therefore many, with good successe, couer ouer their ground before Winter, with either fresh or old rotten dung, and that will maruellously preserue them. The like course you may hold with seedlings, to cause them to come on the forwarder, so it bee after the first yeares sowing, and not till then.To remoue Tulipas after they haue shot forth their fibres or small strings, which grow vnder the great round rootes, (that is, from September vntill they bee in flower) is very dangerous; for by remouing them when they haue taken fast hold in the ground, you doe both hinder them in the bearing out their flower, and besides, put them in hazzard to perish, at least to bee put backe from bearing for a while after, as oftentimes I haue proued by experience: But when they are now risen to flower, and so for any time after, you may safely take them vp if you will, and remoue them without danger, if you haue any good regard vnto them, vnlesse it be a young bearing roote, which you shall in so doing much hinder, because it is yet tender, by reason it now beareth his first flower. But all Tulipa roots when their stalke and leaues are dry, may most safely then be taken vp out of the ground, and be so kept (so that they lye in a dry, and not in a moist place) for sixe moneths without any great harme: yea I haue knowne them that haue had them nine moneths out of the ground, and haue done reasonable well, but this you must vnderstand withall, that they haue not been young but elder rootes, and they haue been orderly taken vp and preserued. The dryer you keep a Tulipa roote the better, so as you let it not lye in the sunne or winde, which will pierce it and spoile it.Thus Gentlewomen for your delights, (for these pleasures are the delights of leasure, which hath bred your loue & liking to them, and although you are herein predominant, yet cannot they be barred from your beloued, who I doubt not, wil share with you in the delight as much as is fit) haue I taken this paines, to set downe, and bring to your knowledge such rules of art, as my small skill hath enabled mee withall concerning this subiect, which of all other, seemed fittest in this manner to be enlarged, both for the varietie of matter, and excellency of beautie herein, and also that these rules set forth together in one place, might saue many repetitions in other places, so that for the planting and ordering of all other bulbous rootes, and the sowing the seedes of them, you may haue recourse vnto these rules, (tanquam ad normam & examen) which may serue in generall for all other, little diuersitie of particulars needing exception.The Place.The greater Tulipas haue first beene sent vs from Constantinople, and other parts of Turkie, where it is said they grow naturally wilde in the Fields, Woods, and Mountaines; as Thracia, Macedonia, Pontus about the Euxine Sea, Cappadocia, Bithynia, and about Tripolis and Aleppo in Syria also: the lesser haue come from other seuerall places, as their names doe decipher it out vnto vs; as Armenia, Persia, Candye, Portugall, Spaine, Italy, and France. They are all now made denizens in our Gardens, where they yeeld vs more delight, and more encrease for their proportion, by reason of the culture, then they did vnto their owne naturals.The Time.These doe flower some earlier, some later, for three whole moneths together at the least, therein adorning out a Garden most gloriously, in that being but one kinde of flower, it is so full of variety, as no other (except the Daffodils, which yet are not comparable, in that they yield not that alluring pleasant variety) doe the like besides. Some of thePræcoceshaue beene in flower with vs, (for I speake not of their owne naturall places, where the Winters are milder, and the Spring, earlier then ours) in the moneth of Ianuary, when the Winter before hath beene milde, but many in February,and all thePræcoces, from the beginning to the end of March, if the yeare be kindly: at what time theMediasdoe begin, and abide all Aprill, and part of May, when theSerotinesflower and fade; but this, as I said, if the yeare be kindly, or else each kinde will be a moneth later. The seede is ripe in Iune and Iuly, according to their early or late flowring.The Names.There haue beene diuers opinions among our moderne Writers, by what name this plant was knowne to the ancient Authors. Some would haue it beCosmosandatos, of the Ancient. Dodonæus referreth it toπυπῶνof Theophrastus, in hisseuenth Booke and thirteenth Chapter: but thereof he is so briefe, that besides the bare name, wee cannot finde him to make any further relation of forme, or quality. And Bauhinus, vponMatthiolus Commentaries of Dioscorides, and in hisPinaxalso, followeth his opinion. Camerarius in hisHortus Medicusis of opinion, it may be referred to the Helychrysum of Crateua. Gesner, as I thinke, first of all, and after him Lobel, Camerarius, Clusius and many others, referre it to the Satyrium of Dioscorides: and surely this opinion is the most probable for many reasons. First, for that this plant doth grow very frequent in many places of Greece, and the lesser Asia, which were no doubt sufficiently knowne both to Theophrastus, and Dioscorides, and was accounted among bulbous rootes, although by sundry names. And secondly, as Dioscorides setteth forth his Satyrium, so this most commonly beareth three leaues vpon a stalke (although sometimes with vs it hath foure or fiue) like vnto a Lilly, whereof some are often seen to be both red, in the first springing, and also vpon the decaying, especially in a dry time, and in a dry ground: the flower likewise of some is white, and like a Lilly; the roote is round, and as white within as the white of an egge, couered with a browne coate, hauing a sweetish, but not vnpleasant taste, as any man without danger many try. This description doth so liuely set forth this plant, that I thinke wee shall not neede to be any longer in doubt, where to finde Dioscorides his Satyrium Triphyllum, seeing wee haue such plenty growing with vs. And thirdly, there is no doubt, but that it hath the same qualities, as you shall hereafter heare further. And lastly, that plant likewise that beareth a red flower, may very well agree with his Erythronium; for the descriptions in Dioscorides are both alike, as are their qualities, the greatest doubt may be in the seede, which yet may agree vnto Lin or Flaxe as fitly, or rather more then many other plants doe, in many of his comparisons, which yet wee receiue for currant. For the seede of Tulipas are flat, hard, and shining as the seede ofLinumor Flaxe, although of another colour, and bigger, as Dioscorides himselfe setteth it downe. But if there should be a mistaking in the writing ofλὶνουforκρὶνουorλεῖριουin the Greeke Text, as the slippe is both easie and likely, it were then out of all question the same: for the seede is very like vnto the seede of Lillies, as any man may easily discerne that know them, or will compare them. It is generally called by all the late Writers,Tulipa, which is deriued from the nameTulpan, whereby the Turkes ofDalmatiadoe entitle their head Tyres, or Caps; and this flower being blowne, laide open, and inuerted, doth very well resemble them. We haue receiued the early kinde from Constantinople, by the name ofCafa lale, and the other by the name ofCauala lale. Lobel and others doe call itLilio-narcissus, because it doth resemble a Lilly in the leafe, flower, and seede, and a Daffodil in the roote. We call it in English the Turkes Cap, but most vsually Tulipa, as most other Christian Countries that delight therein doe. Daleschampius calleth it Oulada.The Vertues.Dioscorides writeth, that his first Satyrium is profitable for them thathaue a convulsion in their necke, (which wee call a cricke in the necke) if it be drunke in harsh (which we call red) wine.That the roots of Tulipas are nourishing, there is no doubt, the pleasant, or at least the no vnpleasant taste, may hereunto perswade; for diuers haue had them sent by their friends from beyond Sea, and mistaking them to bee Onions, haue vsed them as Onions in their pottage or broth, and neuer found any cause of mislike, or any sense of euill quality produced by them, but accounted them sweete Onions.Further, I haue made tryall of them my selfe in this manner. I haue preserued the rootes of these Tulipas in Sugar, as I haue done the rootes of Eringus, Orchis, or any other such like, and haue found them to be almost as pleasant as the Eringus rootes, being firme and sound, fit to be presented to the curious; but for force of Venereous quality, I cannot say, either from my selfe, not hauing eaten many, or from any other, on whom I haue bestowed them: but surely, if there be any speciall propertie in the rootes of Orchis, or some other tending to that purpose, I thinke this may as well haue it as they. It should seeme, that Dioscorides doth attribute a great Venereous faculty to the seede, whereof I know not any hath made any especiall experiment with vs as yet.
Next vnto the Lillies, and before the Narcissi or Daffodils, the discourse of Tulipas deserueth his place, for that it partaketh of both their natures; agreeing with the Lillies in leaues, flowers, and seede, and somewhat with the Daffodils in rootes. There are not onely diuers kindes of Tulipas, but sundry diuersities of colours in them, found out in these later dayes by many the searchers of natures varieties, which haue not formerly been obserued: our age being more delighted in the search, curiosity, and rarities of these pleasant delights, then any age I thinke before. But indeede, this flower, aboue many other, deserueth his true commendations and acceptance with all louers of these beauties, both for the stately aspect, and for the admirable varietie of colours, that daily doe arise in them, farre beyond all other plants that grow, in so much, that I doubt, although I shall in this Chapter set downe the varieties of a great many, I shall leaue more vnspoken of, then I shall describe; for I may well say, there is in this one plant no end of diuersity to be expected, euery yeare yeelding a mixture and variety that hath not before been obserued, and all this arising from the sowing of the seede. The chiefe diuision of Tulipas, is into two sorts:Præcoces, early flowring Tulipas, andSerotinæ, late flowring Tulipas. For that sort which is calledMediæorDubiæ, that is, which flower in the middle time betweene them both, and may be thought to be a kinde or sort by it selfe, as well as any of the other two: yet because they doe neerer participate with theSerotinæthen with thePræcoces, not onely in the colour of the leafe, being of the same greennesse with theSerotinæ, and most vsually also, for that it beareth his stalke and flower, high and large like as theSerotinædoe; but especially, for that the seede of aMedia Tulipadid neuer bring forth aPræcoxflower (although I know Clusius, an industrious, learned, and painfull searcher and publisher of these rarities, saith otherwise) so farre as euer I could, by mine owne care or knowledge, in sowing their seede apart, or the assurance of any others, the louers and sowers of Tulipa seede, obserue, learne, or know: and because also that the seede of theSerotinæbringeth forthMedias, and the seede ofMedias Serotinæ, they may well bee comprehended vnder the generall title ofSerotinæ: But because they haue generally receiued the nameMediæ, or middle flowring Tulipas, to distinguish between them, and those that vsually doe flower after them; I am content to set them downe, and speake of them seuerally, as of three sorts. Vnto the place and ranke likewise of thePræcoces, or early flowring Tulipas, there are some other seuerall kinds of Tulipas to be added, which are notably differing, not onely from the formerPræcox Tulipa, but euery one of them, one from another, in some speciall note or other: as theTulipa Boloniensis flore rubro, the red Bolonia Tulipa.Tulipa Boloniensis flore luteo, the yellow Bolonia Tulipa.Tulipa Persica, Persian Tulipa.Tulipa Cretica, the Candie Tulipa, and others: all which shall bee described and entreated of, euery one apart by it selfe, in the end of the ranke of thePræcoces, because all of them flower much about their time. To begin then with thePræcox, or early flowring Tulipas, and after them with theMediasandSerotinas, I shall for the better method, diuide their flowers into foure primary or principall colours, that is to say, White, Purple, Red and Yellow, and vnder every one of these colours, set downe the seuerall varieties of mixtures we haue seene and obserued in them, that so they may be both the better described by me, and the better conceiued by others, and euery one placed in their proper ranke. Yet I shall in this, as I intend to doe in diuers other plants that are variable, giue but one description in generall of the plant, and then set downe the varietie of forme or colour afterwards briefly by themselues.
The early Tulipa (and so all other Tulipas) springeth out of the ground with his leaues folded one within another, the first or lowest leafe riseth vp first, sharpe pointed, and folded round together, vntill it be an inch or two aboue the ground, which then openeth it selfe, shewing another leafe folded also in the bosome or belly of the first, which in time likewise opening it selfe, sheweth forth a third, and sometimes a fourth and a fifth: the lower leaues are larger then the vpper, and are faire, thicke, broad, long, and hollow like a gutter, and sometimes crumpled on the edges, which will hold water that falleth thereon a long time, of a pale or whitish greene colour, (and theMediæandSerotinæmore greene) couered ouer as it were with a mealinesse or hoarinesse, with an eye or shew of rednesse towards the bottome of the leaues, and the edges in this kinde being more notable white, which are two principall notes to know aPræcox Tulipafrom aMediaorSerotina: the stalke with the flower riseth vp in the middle, as it were through these leaues, which in time stand one aboue another, compassing it at certaine vnequall distances, and is often obserued to bend it selfe crookedly downe to the ground, as if it would thrust his head thereinto, but turning vp his head (which will be the flower) againe, afterwards standeth vpright, sometimes but three or foure fingers or inches high, but more often halfe a foote, and a foot high, but theMedias, andSerotinasmuch higher, carrying (for the most part) but one flower on the toppe thereof, like vnto a Lilly for the forme, consisting of sixe leaues, greene at the first, and afterwards changing into diuers and sundry seuerall colours and varieties, the bottomes likewise of the leaues of these sometimes, but most especially of theMediæ, being as variable as the flower, which are in some yellow, or green, or blacke, in others white, blew, purple, or tawnie; and sometimes one colour circling another: some of them haue little or no sent at all, and some haue a better then others. After it hath been blowne open three or foure dayes or more, it will in the heate of the Sunne spread it selfe open, and lay it selfe almost flat to the stalke: in the middle of the flower standeth a greene long head (which will be the seed vessell) compassed about with sixe chiues, which doe much vary, in being sometimes of one, and sometimes of another colour, tipt with pendents diuersly varied likewise: the head in the middle of the flower groweth after the flower is fallen, to be long, round, and edged, as it were three square, the edges meeting at the toppe, where it is smallest, and making as it were a crowne (which is not seen in the head of any Lilly) and when it is ripe, diuideth it selfe on the inside into sixe rowes, of flat, thinne, brownish, gristly seede, very like vnto the seede of the Lillies, but brighter, stiffer, and more transparent: the roote being well growne is round, and somewhat great, small and pointed at the toppe, and broader, yet roundish at the bottome, with a certaine eminence or seate on the one side, as the roote of the Colchicum hath; but not so long, or great, it hath also an hollownesse on the one side (if it haue borne a flower) where the stalke grew, (for although in the time of the first springing vp, vntill it shew the budde for flower, the stalke with the leaues thereon rise vp out of the middle of the roote; yet when the stalke is risen vp, and sheweth the budde for flower, it commeth to one side, making an impression therein) couered ouer with a brownish thin coate or skin, like an Onion, hauing a little woollinesse at the bottome; but white within, and firme, yet composed of many coates, one folding within another, as the roote of the Daffodils be, of a reasonable good taste, neyther very sweete, nor yet vnpleasant. This description may well serue for the other Tulipas, beingMediasorSerotinas, concerning their springing and bearing, which haue not any other great variety therein worth the note, which is not expressed here; the chiefe difference resting in the variety of the colours of the flower, and their seuerall mixtures and markes, as I said before: sauing onely, that the flowers of some are great and large, and of others smaller, and the leaues of some longand pointed, and of others broad and round, or bluntly pointed, as shall bee shewed in the end of the Chapter: I shall therefore onely expresse the colours, with the mixture or composure of them, and giue you withall the names of some of them, (for it is impossible I thinke to any man, to giue seuerall names to all varieties) as they are called by those that chiefly delight in them with vs.
Page 47: Tulipa.1Tulipa præcox alba siue rubra,&c.vnius coloris.The early white or red Tulipa,&c.being of one colour.2Tulipa, præcox purpurea oris albis.The early purple Tulipa with white edges, or the Prince.3Tulipa præcox variegata.The early stript Tulipa.4Tulipa præcox rubra oris luteis.The early red Tulipa with yellow edges, or the Duke.
Tulipa præcox Alba.1Niuea tota interdum purpureis staminibus, vel saltem luteis, fundo puro haud luteo.2Alba siue niuea fundo luteo.3Albida.4Alba, venis cærulis in dorso.5Alba purpureis oris.⎧Harum flores vel⎨constantes, vel⎩dispergentes.6Alba carneis oris.7Alba sanguineis oris.8Alba oris magnis carneis, & venis intro respicientibus.9Alba extra, carnei vero coloris intus, oras habens carneas saturatiores.10Albida, oris rubris, vel oris purpureis.11Alba, purpurascentibus maculis extra, intus vero carnei viuacissimi.12Alba, purpureis maculis aspersa extra, intus vero alba purpurantibus oris.13Dux Alba, i. e. coceineis & albis variata flaminis, à medio ad oras intercursantibus.14Princessa, i.e. argentei coloris maculis purpurascentibus.15Regina pulcherrima, albis & sanguineis aspersa radijs & punctis.
1Niuea tota interdum purpureis staminibus, vel saltem luteis, fundo puro haud luteo.
2Alba siue niuea fundo luteo.
3Albida.
4Alba, venis cærulis in dorso.
5Alba purpureis oris.⎧Harum flores vel⎨constantes, vel⎩dispergentes.6Alba carneis oris.7Alba sanguineis oris.
5Alba purpureis oris.⎧Harum flores vel⎨constantes, vel⎩dispergentes.
6Alba carneis oris.
7Alba sanguineis oris.
8Alba oris magnis carneis, & venis intro respicientibus.
9Alba extra, carnei vero coloris intus, oras habens carneas saturatiores.
10Albida, oris rubris, vel oris purpureis.
11Alba, purpurascentibus maculis extra, intus vero carnei viuacissimi.
12Alba, purpureis maculis aspersa extra, intus vero alba purpurantibus oris.
13Dux Alba, i. e. coceineis & albis variata flaminis, à medio ad oras intercursantibus.
14Princessa, i.e. argentei coloris maculis purpurascentibus.
15Regina pulcherrima, albis & sanguineis aspersa radijs & punctis.
The early White Tulipa.1 The flower whereof is either pure snow white, with purple sometimes, or at least with yellow chiues, without any yellow bottome.2 Or pure white with a yellow bottome.3 Or milk white that is not so pure white.4 White with blew veines on the outside.5 White with purple edges.⎧Some of these⎪abiding constant,⎨& others⎪spreading⎩or running.6 White with blush edges.7 White With red edges.8 White with great blush edges, and some strakes running from the edge inward.9 White without, and somewhat blush within, with edges of a deeper blush.10 Whitish, or pale white with red or purple edges.11 Whitish without, with some purplish veins & spots, & of a liuely blush within.12 White without, spotted with small purple spots, and white within with purple edges.13 A white Duke, that is, parted with white & crimson flames, from the middle of each leafe to the edge.14 The Princesse, that is, a siluer colour spotted with fine deepe blush spots.15 The Queen, that is, a fine white sprinkled with bloud red spots, and greater strakes.
1 The flower whereof is either pure snow white, with purple sometimes, or at least with yellow chiues, without any yellow bottome.
2 Or pure white with a yellow bottome.
3 Or milk white that is not so pure white.
4 White with blew veines on the outside.
5 White with purple edges.⎧Some of these⎪abiding constant,⎨& others⎪spreading⎩or running.6 White with blush edges.7 White With red edges.
5 White with purple edges.⎧Some of these⎪abiding constant,⎨& others⎪spreading⎩or running.
6 White with blush edges.
7 White With red edges.
8 White with great blush edges, and some strakes running from the edge inward.
9 White without, and somewhat blush within, with edges of a deeper blush.
10 Whitish, or pale white with red or purple edges.
11 Whitish without, with some purplish veins & spots, & of a liuely blush within.
12 White without, spotted with small purple spots, and white within with purple edges.
13 A white Duke, that is, parted with white & crimson flames, from the middle of each leafe to the edge.
14 The Princesse, that is, a siluer colour spotted with fine deepe blush spots.
15 The Queen, that is, a fine white sprinkled with bloud red spots, and greater strakes.
Tulipa præcox purpurea.1Purpurea satura rubescens, vel violacea.2Purpurea pallida, Columbina dicta.3Persici coloris saturi.4Persici coloris Pallidioris.5Paeoniæ floris coloris.6Rosea.7Chermesiua peramæna.8Chermesiua parum striata.9Princeps, i.e. purpurea saturatior vel dilutior, oris albis magnis vel paruis, fundo luteo, vel albo orbe, quæ multum variatur, & colore, & oris, ita vt purpurea elegans oris magnis albis; dicta est, Princeps excellens, &10Princeps Columbina, purpurea dilutior.11Purpurea Chermesina, rubicandioris coloris, albidis vel albis oris.12Purpurea, vel obsoleta albidis oris Princeps Brancion.13Purpurea diluta, oris dilutioris purpurei coloris.14Purpurea in exterioribus, carnei vero ad medium intus, oris albis, fundo luteo.15Purpurea albo plumata extra, oris albis, purpurascens intus, fundo luteo, vel orbe albo.16Alia, minus elegans plumata,minoribusq., oris albidis.
1Purpurea satura rubescens, vel violacea.
2Purpurea pallida, Columbina dicta.
3Persici coloris saturi.
4Persici coloris Pallidioris.
5Paeoniæ floris coloris.
6Rosea.
7Chermesiua peramæna.
8Chermesiua parum striata.
9Princeps, i.e. purpurea saturatior vel dilutior, oris albis magnis vel paruis, fundo luteo, vel albo orbe, quæ multum variatur, & colore, & oris, ita vt purpurea elegans oris magnis albis; dicta est, Princeps excellens, &
10Princeps Columbina, purpurea dilutior.
11Purpurea Chermesina, rubicandioris coloris, albidis vel albis oris.
12Purpurea, vel obsoleta albidis oris Princeps Brancion.
13Purpurea diluta, oris dilutioris purpurei coloris.
14Purpurea in exterioribus, carnei vero ad medium intus, oris albis, fundo luteo.
15Purpurea albo plumata extra, oris albis, purpurascens intus, fundo luteo, vel orbe albo.
16Alia, minus elegans plumata,minoribusq., oris albidis.
The early purple Tulipa.1 A reddish purple, or more violet.2 A pale purple, called a Doue colour.3 A deep Peach colour.4 A paler Peach colour.5 A Peony flower colour.6 A Rose colour.7 A Crimson very bright.8 A Crimson stript with a little white.9 A Prince or Bracklar, that is, a deepe or pale purple, with white edges, greater or smaller, and a yellow bottome, or circled with white, which varieth much, both in the purple & edges, so that a faire deep purple, with great white edges, is called, The best or chiefe Prince, and10 A paler purple with white edges, called a Doue coloured Prince.11 A Crimson Prince or Bracklar.12 A Brancion Prince, or purple Brancion.13 A purple with more pale purple edges.14 Purple without, and blush halfe way within, with white edges, and a yellow bottome.15 Purple feathered with white on the out side, with white edges, and pale purple within, the ground being a little yellow, or circled with white.16 Another very neere vnto it, but not so fairely feathered, being more obscure, and the edges not so great or whitish.
1 A reddish purple, or more violet.
2 A pale purple, called a Doue colour.
3 A deep Peach colour.
4 A paler Peach colour.
5 A Peony flower colour.
6 A Rose colour.
7 A Crimson very bright.
8 A Crimson stript with a little white.
9 A Prince or Bracklar, that is, a deepe or pale purple, with white edges, greater or smaller, and a yellow bottome, or circled with white, which varieth much, both in the purple & edges, so that a faire deep purple, with great white edges, is called, The best or chiefe Prince, and
10 A paler purple with white edges, called a Doue coloured Prince.
11 A Crimson Prince or Bracklar.
12 A Brancion Prince, or purple Brancion.
13 A purple with more pale purple edges.
14 Purple without, and blush halfe way within, with white edges, and a yellow bottome.
15 Purple feathered with white on the out side, with white edges, and pale purple within, the ground being a little yellow, or circled with white.
16 Another very neere vnto it, but not so fairely feathered, being more obscure, and the edges not so great or whitish.
Tulipa præcox rubra.1Rubra vulgaris fundo luteo, aliquando nigro.2Rubra satura oris luteis paruis, dicta Roan.3Baro, i. e. rubra magis intensa, oris luteis paruis.4Dux maior & minor, i.e. rubra magis aut minus elegans satura, oris luteis maximis vel minoribus, & fundo luteo magno. Alia alijs est magis amœna, in alijs etiam fundo nigro vel obscuro viridi.5Ducissa, i. e. Duci similis, at plus lutei quàm rubri, oris magnis luteis, & rubore magis aut minus intus in gyrum acto, fundo item luteo magno.6Testamentum Brancion i.e., rubra sanguinea satura, aut minus rubra, oris pallidis, magnis vel paruis: alia alijs magis aut minus elegans diuersimodo.7Flambans, ex rubore & flauedine radiata, vel striata fundo luteo.8Mali Aurantij coloris, ex rubore, & flauedinè integre, non separatim mixta, oris luteis paruis, velabsq., oris.9Minij, siue Cinabaris coloris, i.e. ex purpurea, rubedine, & flauedine radiata, vnguibus luteis, & aliquando oris.10Rex Tuliparum, i.e. ex sanguineo & aureo radiatim mixta, à flammea diuersa, fundo luteo, orbe rubro.11Tunica Morionis, i.e. ex rubore & aureo separatim diuersa.
Tulipa præcox rubra.
1Rubra vulgaris fundo luteo, aliquando nigro.
2Rubra satura oris luteis paruis, dicta Roan.
3Baro, i. e. rubra magis intensa, oris luteis paruis.
4Dux maior & minor, i.e. rubra magis aut minus elegans satura, oris luteis maximis vel minoribus, & fundo luteo magno. Alia alijs est magis amœna, in alijs etiam fundo nigro vel obscuro viridi.
5Ducissa, i. e. Duci similis, at plus lutei quàm rubri, oris magnis luteis, & rubore magis aut minus intus in gyrum acto, fundo item luteo magno.
6Testamentum Brancion i.e., rubra sanguinea satura, aut minus rubra, oris pallidis, magnis vel paruis: alia alijs magis aut minus elegans diuersimodo.
7Flambans, ex rubore & flauedine radiata, vel striata fundo luteo.
8Mali Aurantij coloris, ex rubore, & flauedinè integre, non separatim mixta, oris luteis paruis, velabsq., oris.
9Minij, siue Cinabaris coloris, i.e. ex purpurea, rubedine, & flauedine radiata, vnguibus luteis, & aliquando oris.
10Rex Tuliparum, i.e. ex sanguineo & aureo radiatim mixta, à flammea diuersa, fundo luteo, orbe rubro.
11Tunica Morionis, i.e. ex rubore & aureo separatim diuersa.
The early red Tulipa.1 An ordinary red, with a yellow, & sometimes a blacke bottome.2 A deep red, with a small edge of yellow, called a Roane.3 A Baron, that is, a faire red with a small yellow edge.4 A Duke, a greater and a lesser, that is, a more or less faire deep red, with greater or lesser yellow edges, and a great yellow bottome. Some of this sort are much more or lesse faire then others, some also haue a blacke or darke greene bottome.5 A Dutchesse, that is like vnto the Duke, but more yellow then red, with greater yellow edges, and the red more or lesse circling the middle of the flower on the inside, with a large yellow bottome.6 A Testament Brancion, or a BrancionDuke, that is, a faire deepe red, or lesse red, with a pale yellow or butter coloured edge, some larger others smaller: and some more pleasing then others, in a very variable manner.7 A Flambant, differing from the Dutchesse; for this hath no such great yellow edge, but streaks of yellow through the leafe vnto the very edge.8 An Orenge colour, that is, a reddish yellow, or a red and yellow equally mixed, with small yellow edges, and sometimes without.9 A Vermillion, that is, a purplish red, streamed with yellow, the bottome yellow, and sometimes the edges.10 The Kings flower, that is, a crimson or bloud red, streamed with a gold yellow, differing from the Flambant, the bottome yellow, circled with red.11 A Fooles coate, parted with red and yellow guardes.
1 An ordinary red, with a yellow, & sometimes a blacke bottome.
2 A deep red, with a small edge of yellow, called a Roane.
3 A Baron, that is, a faire red with a small yellow edge.
4 A Duke, a greater and a lesser, that is, a more or less faire deep red, with greater or lesser yellow edges, and a great yellow bottome. Some of this sort are much more or lesse faire then others, some also haue a blacke or darke greene bottome.
5 A Dutchesse, that is like vnto the Duke, but more yellow then red, with greater yellow edges, and the red more or lesse circling the middle of the flower on the inside, with a large yellow bottome.
6 A Testament Brancion, or a BrancionDuke, that is, a faire deepe red, or lesse red, with a pale yellow or butter coloured edge, some larger others smaller: and some more pleasing then others, in a very variable manner.
7 A Flambant, differing from the Dutchesse; for this hath no such great yellow edge, but streaks of yellow through the leafe vnto the very edge.
8 An Orenge colour, that is, a reddish yellow, or a red and yellow equally mixed, with small yellow edges, and sometimes without.
9 A Vermillion, that is, a purplish red, streamed with yellow, the bottome yellow, and sometimes the edges.
10 The Kings flower, that is, a crimson or bloud red, streamed with a gold yellow, differing from the Flambant, the bottome yellow, circled with red.
11 A Fooles coate, parted with red and yellow guardes.
Tulipa præcox lutea.1Lutea siue flaua.2Pallida lutea siue straminea.3Aurea, oris rubicundis.4Straminea, oris rubris.5Aurea, rubore perfusa extra.6Aurea, vel magis pallida, rubore in gyrum acta simillima Ducissæ, nisi minus rubedinis habet.7Aurea, extremitatibus rubris, dici potest, Morionis Pilæus præcox.
1Lutea siue flaua.
2Pallida lutea siue straminea.
3Aurea, oris rubicundis.
4Straminea, oris rubris.
5Aurea, rubore perfusa extra.
6Aurea, vel magis pallida, rubore in gyrum acta simillima Ducissæ, nisi minus rubedinis habet.
7Aurea, extremitatibus rubris, dici potest, Morionis Pilæus præcox.
The early yellow Tulipa.1 A faire gold yellow without mixture.2 A strawe colour.3 A faire yellow with reddish edges.4 A strawe colour, with red edges.5 A faire yellow, reddish on the out side onely.6 A gold or paler yellow, circled on the inside a little with red, very like the Dutchesse, but that it hath lesse red therein.7 A gold yellow with red toppes, and may be called, The early Fooles Cap.
1 A faire gold yellow without mixture.
2 A strawe colour.
3 A faire yellow with reddish edges.
4 A strawe colour, with red edges.
5 A faire yellow, reddish on the out side onely.
6 A gold or paler yellow, circled on the inside a little with red, very like the Dutchesse, but that it hath lesse red therein.
7 A gold yellow with red toppes, and may be called, The early Fooles Cap.
There is another sort or kinde of early Tulipa, differing from the former, whose pale greene leaues being as broad and large as they, and sometimes crumpled or waued at the edges, in some haue the edges onely of the said leaues for a good breadth, of a whitish or whitish yellow colour, and in others, the leaues are lifted or parted with whitish yellow and greene: the stalke riseth not vp so high as the former, and beareth a flower at the toppe like vnto the former, in some of a reddish yellow colour, with a russet coloured ground or bottome, and in others, of other seuerall colours: the seede and roote is so like vnto others of this kinde, that they cannot be distinguished.
There is (as I doe heare) of this kinde, bothPræcocesandSerotinæearly flowring, and late flowring, whereof although wee haue not so exact knowledge, as of the rest, yet I thought good to speake so much, as I could hitherto vnderstand of them, and giue others leaue (if I doe not) hereafter to amplifie it.
There are likewise other kindes of early Tulipas to bee spoken of, and first of the red Bolonia Tulipa; the roote whereof is plainly discerned, to be differing from all others: for that it is longer, and not hauing so plaine an eminence at the bottome thereof, as the former and later Tulipas, but more especially because the toppe is plentifully stored with a yellowish silke-like woollinesse: the outside likewise or skinne is of a brighter or paler red, not so easie to be pilled away, and runneth vnder ground both downeright and sidewise (especially in the countrey ground and ayre, where it will encrease aboundantly, but not either in our London ayre, or forc’t grounds) somewhat like vnto the yellow Bolonia Tulipa next following. It shooteth out of the ground with broad and long leaues, like the former; but neither so broad, nor of so white or mealy a greene colour as the former, but more darke then the late flowring Tulipa, so that this may bee easily discerned by his leafe from any other Tulipa aboue the ground, by one that is skilfull. It beareth likewise three or foure leaues vpon the stalke, like the former, and a flower also at the toppe of the same fashion, but that the leaues hereof are alwayes long, and somewhat narrow, hauing a large blacke bottome, made like vnto a cheuerne, the point whereof riseth vp vnto the middle of the leafe, higher then any other Tulipa; the flower is of a pale red colour, nothing so liuely as in the early or late red Tulipas, yet sweeter for the most part then any of them, and neerest vnto the yellow Bolonia Tulipa, which is much about the same sent.
There are two other sorts hereof, and because they were found about Bergomo, do carry that name, the one bigger or lesser then another, yet neither so great as the former, hauing very little other difference to bee obserued in them, then that they are smaller in all parts of them.
The roote of this Tulipa may likewise bee knowne from the former red (or any other Tulipa) in that it seldome commeth to bee so bigge, and is not so woolly at the toppe, and the skinne or outside is somewhat paler, harder, and sharper pointed: but the bottome is like the former red, and not so eminent as the early or late Tulipas. This beareth much longer and narrower leaues then any (except the Persian & dwarfe yellow Tulipas) and of a whitish greene colour: it beareth sometimes but one flower on a stalke, and sometimes two or three wholly yellow, but smaller, & more open then the other kinds, and (as I said) smelleth sweete, the head for seede is smaller then in others, and hath not that crowne at the head thereof yet the seed is like, but smaller.
This Tulipa is very like vnto the yellow Bolonia Tulipa, both in roote, leafe, and flower, as also in the colour thereof, being yellow: the onely difference is, that it is in all things lesser and lower, and is not so apt to beare, nor so plentifull to encrease by the roote.
Both these kindes of Tulipas doe so neere resemble the last kinde, that I might almost say they were the same, but that some difference which I saw in them, maketh mee set them apart; and consisteth in these things, the stalkes of neither of both these rise so high, as of the first yellow Bolonia Tulipa: the leaues of both sorts are writhed in and out at the edges, or made like a waue of the sea, lying neerer the ground, and the flower being yellow within, is brownish or reddish on the backe, in the middle of the three outer leaues the edges appearing yellow. Both these kindes doe differ one from the other in nothing, but in that one is bigger, and the other smaller then the other which I saw with Iohn Tradescante, my very good friend often remembred.
This dwarfe Tulipa is also of the same kindred with the three last described; for there is no other difference in this from them, then that the flower hath some red veins running in the leaues thereof.
There are two other sorts of dwarfe Tulipas with white flowers, whereof Lobel hath made mention in the Appendix to hisAduersaria; the one whereof is the same that Clusius setteth forth, vnder the title ofPumilio altera: but because I haue not seen either of them both, I speake no further of them.
But that white flower that Iohn Tradescante shewed me, and as hee saith, was deliuered him for a white Pumilio, had a stalke longer then they set out theirs to haue, and the flower also larger, but yet had narrower leaues then other sorts of white Tulipas haue.
Vnto these kindes, I may well adde this kinde of Tulipa also, which was sent out of Italy, whose leaues are small, long, and narrow, and of a darke greene colour, somewhat like vnto the leaues of an Hyacinth: the flower is small also, consisting of sixe leaues, as all other Tulipas doe, three whereof are wholly of a red colour, and the other three wholly of a yellow.
Page 53: Tulipa.1Tulipa Bombycina flore rubro.The red Bolonia Tulipa.2Tulipa Boloniensis flore luteo.The yellow Bolonia Tulipa.3Tulipa pumilio rubra siue lutea.The red or yellow dwarfe Tulipa.4Folium Tulipa de Cassa per totum striuatum.The leafe of the Tulipa of Cassa striped throughout the whole leafe.5Folium Tulipa Cassa per oras striatum.The leafe of the Tulipa of Cassa striped at the edges onely.6Tulipa Persica.The Persian Tulipa.7Tulipa Cretica.The Tulipa of Candie.8Tulipa Armeniaca.The Tulipa of Amenia.
This rare Tulipa, wherewith we haue beene but lately acquainted, doth most fitly deserue to be described in this place, because it doth so neerely participate with the Bolonia and Italian Tulipas, in roote, leafe, and flower: the roote hereof is small, couered with a thicke hard blackish shell or skinne, with a yellowish woollinesse both at the toppe, and vnder the shell. It riseth out of the ground at the first, with one very long and small round leafe, which when it is three or foure inches high, doth open it selfe, and shew forth another small leafe (as long almost as the former) breaking out of the one side thereat, and after it a third, and sometimes a fourth, and a fift; but each shorter then other, which afterwards be of the breadth of the dwarfe yellow Tulipa, or somewhat broader but much longer then any other, and abiding more hollow, and of the colour of the early Tulipas on the inside: the stalke riseth vp a foot and a halfehigh sometimes, bearing one flower thereon, composed of sixe long and pointed leaues of the forme of other small Tulipas, and not shewing much bigger then the yellow Italian Tulipa, and, is wholly white, both inside and outside of all the leaues, except the three outtermost, which haue on the backe of them, from the middle toward the edges, a shew of a brownish blush or pale red colour, yet deeper in the midst, and the edges remaining wholly white: the bottomes of all these leaues are of a darke or dun tawnie colour, and the chiues and tippes of a darkish purple or tawnie also. This doth beare seed but seldome in our country, that euer I could vnderstand, but when it doth, it is small like vnto the Bolonia or dwarfe yellow Tulipas, being not so plentifull also in parting, or setting of by the roote as they, and neuer groweth nor abideth so great as it is brought vnto vs, and seldome likewise flowreth after the first yeare: for the rootes for the most part with euery one grow lesse and lesse, decaying euery yeare, and so perish for the most part by reason of the frosts and cold, and yet they haue been set deepe to defend them, although of their owne nature they will runne downe deep into the ground.
The small Tulipa of Constantinople, beareth for the most part but two leaues on the stalke, which are faire and broad, almost like vnto the Candy Tulipa, next hereunto to be described: the stalke it selfe riseth not aboue a foote high, bearing sometimes but one flower, but most commonly two thereon, one below another, and are no bigger then the flowers of the yellow Bolonia Tulipa, but differing in colour; for this is on the outside of a purplish colour, mixed with white and greene, and on the inside of a faire blush colour, the bottome and chiues being yellow, and the tippes or pendents blackish: the roote is very like the yellow Bolonia Tulipa.
This Tulipa is of later knowledge with vs then the Persian, but doth more hardly thriue, in regard of our cold climate; the description whereof, for so much as wee haue knowledge, by the sight of the roote and leafe, and relation from others of the flower, (for I haue not yet heard that it hath very often flowred in our Country) is as followeth. It beareth faire broad leaues, resembling the leaues of a Lilly, of a greenish colour, and not very whitish: the stalke beareth thereon one flower, larger and more open then many other, which is either wholly white, or of a deepe red colour, or else is variably mixed, white with a fine reddish purple, the bottomes being yellow, with purplish chiues tipt with blackish pendents: the roote is small, and somewhat like the dwarfe yellow Tulipa, but somewhat bigger.
This small Tulipa is much differing from all the former (except the small or dwarfe white Tulipas remembred by Lobel and Clusius, as is before set downe) in that it beareth three or foure small, long, and somewhat narrow greene leaues, altogether at one ioynt or place; the stalke being not high, and naked or without leaues from them to the toppe, where it beareth one small flower like vnto an ordinary red Tulipa, but somewhat more yellow, tending to an Orenge colour with a blacke bottome: the roote is not much bigger then the ordinary yellow Bolonia Tulipa, before set downe.
And these are the sorts of this firstClassisof early Tulipas.
For any other, or further description of this kinde of Tulipa, it shall not neede, hauing giuen it sufficiently in the former early Tulipa, the maine difference consisting first in the time of flowring, which is about a moneth after the early Tulipas, yet some more some lesse; for euen in thePræcoces, or early ones, some flower a little earlier, and later then others, and then in the colours of the flowers; for wee haue obserued manycolours, and mixtures, or varieties of colours in theMedias, which we could neuer see in thePræcoces, and so also some in thePræcoces, which are not in theMedias: yet there is farre greater varieties of mixture of colours in theseMedias, then hath been obserued in all thePræcoces, (although Clusius saith otherwise) eyther by my selfe, or by any other that I haue conuersed with about this matter, and all this hath happened by the sowing of the seede, as I said before. I will therefore in this place not trouble you with any further circumstance, then to distinguish them, as I haue done in the former early Tulipas, into their foure primary colours, and vnder them, giue you their seuerall varieties and names, for so much as hath come to my knowledge, not doubting, but that many that haue trauelled in the sowing of the seed of Tulipas many yeares, may obserue each of them to haue some variety that others haue not: and therefore I thinke no one man can come to the knowledge of all particular distinctions.
Tulipa media alba.1Niuea, fundo albo vel luteo.2Argentea, quasi alba cineracea fundo lutescente, purpureis staminibus.3Margaritina alba, carneo dilutissima.4Alba, fundo cæruleo vel nigro.5Albida.6Alba, oris rubris.⎧Hæc tria genera⎪in aliquibus⎨constanter⎪tenent oras, in⎩alijs dispergunt.7Alba, purpureis oris.8Alba, oris coccineis.9Albida primum, deinde albidior, oris purpureis, & venis intrò respicientibus, dicta nobis Hackquenay.10Alba, sanguineo colore variata, fundo vel albissimo, vel alio.11Alba, radiatim disposita flammis, & maculis coccineis.12Alba, purpurea rubedine plumata, diuersarum specierum, quæ cum superiore, vel albo, vel luteo, vel paruo cæruleo constant fundo, quæ constanter tenent punctatos colores, & non dispergunt, sed post trium aut quatuor dierum spatium pulchriores apparent.13Panni argentei coloris, i.e. alba, plumata, punctata, striata, vel diuersimodè variata, rubedine dilutiore, vel saturatiore purpurea, interius vel exterius, velvtrinq., diuersarum specierum.14Tunica morionis alba varia, i.e. ex albo & purpureo striata diuersimodè, fundo albo vel alio.15Holias alba vel albida,absq., fundo, vel fundo purpureo cæruleo, vel cæruleo albo circundato, diuersè signata, vel variata intus ad medietatem foliorum, sursum in orbem vt plurimum, vel ad oras pertingens amplas & albas. Hæ species tantoperè multiplicantur, vt vix sint explicabiles.Tanta est huius varietas, vel multitudine,vel striarum paucitate & distinctione, vel fundis variantibus, vt ad tædium esset perscribere.
1Niuea, fundo albo vel luteo.
2Argentea, quasi alba cineracea fundo lutescente, purpureis staminibus.
3Margaritina alba, carneo dilutissima.
4Alba, fundo cæruleo vel nigro.
5Albida.
6Alba, oris rubris.⎧Hæc tria genera⎪in aliquibus⎨constanter⎪tenent oras, in⎩alijs dispergunt.7Alba, purpureis oris.8Alba, oris coccineis.
6Alba, oris rubris.⎧Hæc tria genera⎪in aliquibus⎨constanter⎪tenent oras, in⎩alijs dispergunt.
7Alba, purpureis oris.
8Alba, oris coccineis.
9Albida primum, deinde albidior, oris purpureis, & venis intrò respicientibus, dicta nobis Hackquenay.
10Alba, sanguineo colore variata, fundo vel albissimo, vel alio.
11Alba, radiatim disposita flammis, & maculis coccineis.
12Alba, purpurea rubedine plumata, diuersarum specierum, quæ cum superiore, vel albo, vel luteo, vel paruo cæruleo constant fundo, quæ constanter tenent punctatos colores, & non dispergunt, sed post trium aut quatuor dierum spatium pulchriores apparent.
13Panni argentei coloris, i.e. alba, plumata, punctata, striata, vel diuersimodè variata, rubedine dilutiore, vel saturatiore purpurea, interius vel exterius, velvtrinq., diuersarum specierum.
14Tunica morionis alba varia, i.e. ex albo & purpureo striata diuersimodè, fundo albo vel alio.
15Holias alba vel albida,absq., fundo, vel fundo purpureo cæruleo, vel cæruleo albo circundato, diuersè signata, vel variata intus ad medietatem foliorum, sursum in orbem vt plurimum, vel ad oras pertingens amplas & albas. Hæ species tantoperè multiplicantur, vt vix sint explicabiles.
Tanta est huius varietas, vel multitudine,vel striarum paucitate & distinctione, vel fundis variantibus, vt ad tædium esset perscribere.
The white meane flowring Tulipa.1 A snow white, with a white or yellow bottome.2 A siluer colour, that is, a very pale or whitish ashe colour, with a yellowish bottome and purple chiues.3 A Pearle colour, that is, white, with a wash or shew of blush.4 A white, with a blew or blacke bottome.5 A Creame colour.6 A white, with red edges.⎧These three sorts⎪doe hold their⎨edges constant⎪in some, but well⎩spread in others.7 A white, with purple edges.8 A white, with crimson edges.9 A pale or whitish yellow, which after a few dayes groweth more white, with purplish red edges, and some streakes running inward from the edge, which we call an Hackney.10 A white mixed with a bloud red very variably, and with a pure white, or other coloured bottome.11 A white, streamed with crimson flames, and spots through the whole flower.12 A white, speckled with a reddish purple, more or lesse, of diuers sorts, with white, yellow, or blew bottomes, all which doe hold their markes constant, and doe not spread their colours, but shew fairer after they haue stood blown three or foure dayes.13 A cloth of siluer of diuers sorts, that is, a white spotted, striped, or otherwise marked with red or purple, in some paler, in some deeper, either on the inside, or on the outside, or on both.14 A white Fooles coate of diuers sorts, that is, purple or pale crimson, and white, as it were empaled together, eyther with a white ground or other, whereof there is great variety.15 A white Holias, that is, a faire white, or paler white, eyther without a bottome, or with a blewish purple bottome, or blew and white circling the bottome,and from the middle vpwards, speckled and straked on the inside for the most part, with bloud red or purplish spots and lines vnto the very edges, which abide large and white. Of this kinde there are found very great varieties, not to be expressed.Of this sort there is so much variety, some being larger or fairer marked then others, their bottomes also varying, that it is almost impossible to express them.
1 A snow white, with a white or yellow bottome.
2 A siluer colour, that is, a very pale or whitish ashe colour, with a yellowish bottome and purple chiues.
3 A Pearle colour, that is, white, with a wash or shew of blush.
4 A white, with a blew or blacke bottome.
5 A Creame colour.
6 A white, with red edges.⎧These three sorts⎪doe hold their⎨edges constant⎪in some, but well⎩spread in others.7 A white, with purple edges.8 A white, with crimson edges.
6 A white, with red edges.⎧These three sorts⎪doe hold their⎨edges constant⎪in some, but well⎩spread in others.
7 A white, with purple edges.
8 A white, with crimson edges.
9 A pale or whitish yellow, which after a few dayes groweth more white, with purplish red edges, and some streakes running inward from the edge, which we call an Hackney.
10 A white mixed with a bloud red very variably, and with a pure white, or other coloured bottome.
11 A white, streamed with crimson flames, and spots through the whole flower.
12 A white, speckled with a reddish purple, more or lesse, of diuers sorts, with white, yellow, or blew bottomes, all which doe hold their markes constant, and doe not spread their colours, but shew fairer after they haue stood blown three or foure dayes.
13 A cloth of siluer of diuers sorts, that is, a white spotted, striped, or otherwise marked with red or purple, in some paler, in some deeper, either on the inside, or on the outside, or on both.
14 A white Fooles coate of diuers sorts, that is, purple or pale crimson, and white, as it were empaled together, eyther with a white ground or other, whereof there is great variety.
15 A white Holias, that is, a faire white, or paler white, eyther without a bottome, or with a blewish purple bottome, or blew and white circling the bottome,and from the middle vpwards, speckled and straked on the inside for the most part, with bloud red or purplish spots and lines vnto the very edges, which abide large and white. Of this kinde there are found very great varieties, not to be expressed.
Of this sort there is so much variety, some being larger or fairer marked then others, their bottomes also varying, that it is almost impossible to express them.
Tulipa media purpurea.1Purpurea satura.2Purpurea dilutior, diuersarum specierum, quarum Rosea vna, Carnea sit altera.3Persicicoloris, duarum aut trium specierum.4Chermesina, obscura aut pallida.5Stamela, intensior aut remissior.6Xerampelina.7Purpurea, striata.8Persici saturi, vel diluti coloris, vndulata, vel radiata.9Columbina, oris & radijs albis.10Purpurea rubra, oris, albis, similis Præcoci, dicta Princeps.11Chermesina, vel Heluola, lineis albis in medio, & versus oras, fundo cæruleo, vel albo,itemq., albo orbe.12Purpurea remissior, aut intensior, oris albis, paruis aut magnis, vt in Principe præcoci, fundo vel cæruleo, orbe albo, vel albo orbe cæruleo amplo.13Holias Heluola, sanguineis guttis intus à medio sursum in orbem, fundo cæruleo.14Tunica Morionis purpurea rubra satura, albido striata, quam in alba saturatior, fundo ex cæruleo & albo.15Purpurea rubra satura vel diluta, albo vel albedine, punctata vel striata diuersimodè, dicta Cariophyllata.
1Purpurea satura.
2Purpurea dilutior, diuersarum specierum, quarum Rosea vna, Carnea sit altera.
3Persicicoloris, duarum aut trium specierum.
4Chermesina, obscura aut pallida.
5Stamela, intensior aut remissior.
6Xerampelina.
7Purpurea, striata.
8Persici saturi, vel diluti coloris, vndulata, vel radiata.
9Columbina, oris & radijs albis.
10Purpurea rubra, oris, albis, similis Præcoci, dicta Princeps.
11Chermesina, vel Heluola, lineis albis in medio, & versus oras, fundo cæruleo, vel albo,itemq., albo orbe.
12Purpurea remissior, aut intensior, oris albis, paruis aut magnis, vt in Principe præcoci, fundo vel cæruleo, orbe albo, vel albo orbe cæruleo amplo.
13Holias Heluola, sanguineis guttis intus à medio sursum in orbem, fundo cæruleo.
14Tunica Morionis purpurea rubra satura, albido striata, quam in alba saturatior, fundo ex cæruleo & albo.
15Purpurea rubra satura vel diluta, albo vel albedine, punctata vel striata diuersimodè, dicta Cariophyllata.
The meane flowring purple Tulipa.1 A faire deep purple.2 A paler purple, of many sorts, whereof a Rose colour is one, a Blush another.3 A Peach colour of two or three sorts.4 A Crimson, deepe, or pale.5 A Stamell, darke or light.6 A Murrey.7 A purple, stript and spotted.8 A Peach colour, higher or paler, waued or stript.9 A Doue colour, edged and straked with white.10 A faire red purple, with white edges, like vnto the early Tulipa, called a Prince.11 A faire crimson, or Claret wine colour, with white lines both in the middle, and towards the edges, most haue a blew bottome, yet some are white, or circled with white.12 A light or deepe purple, with white edges, greater or smaller, like the early Prince, the bottomes eyther blew circled with white, or white circled with a large blew.13 A purple Holias, the colour of a pale Claret wine, marked and spotted with bloud red spots, round about the middle of each leafe vpward on the inside onely, the bottome being blew.14 A Crimson Fooles Coate, a darke crimson, and pale white empaled together, differing from the white Fooles Coate, the bottome blew and white.15 A deeper or paler reddish purple, spotted or striped with a paler or purer white, of diuers sorts, called the Gilloflower Tulipa.
1 A faire deep purple.
2 A paler purple, of many sorts, whereof a Rose colour is one, a Blush another.
3 A Peach colour of two or three sorts.
4 A Crimson, deepe, or pale.
5 A Stamell, darke or light.
6 A Murrey.
7 A purple, stript and spotted.
8 A Peach colour, higher or paler, waued or stript.
9 A Doue colour, edged and straked with white.
10 A faire red purple, with white edges, like vnto the early Tulipa, called a Prince.
11 A faire crimson, or Claret wine colour, with white lines both in the middle, and towards the edges, most haue a blew bottome, yet some are white, or circled with white.
12 A light or deepe purple, with white edges, greater or smaller, like the early Prince, the bottomes eyther blew circled with white, or white circled with a large blew.
13 A purple Holias, the colour of a pale Claret wine, marked and spotted with bloud red spots, round about the middle of each leafe vpward on the inside onely, the bottome being blew.
14 A Crimson Fooles Coate, a darke crimson, and pale white empaled together, differing from the white Fooles Coate, the bottome blew and white.
15 A deeper or paler reddish purple, spotted or striped with a paler or purer white, of diuers sorts, called the Gilloflower Tulipa.
Page 57: Tulipa.1Tulipa rubra & lutea varia.The Fooles Coate red and yellow.2Tulipa Holeas alba absq. fundo.The white Holeas without a bottome.3Tulipa argentea, vel punctata,&c.The cloth of siluer, or other spotted Tulipa.4Tulipa alba flammis coccineis.The white Fooles Coate.5Tulipa Holeas alba,&c.fundo purpureo,&c.A white Holeas,&c.with a purple bottome,&c.6Tulipa rubra & lutea flammea,&c.A red and yellow flamed Tulipa,&c.7Tulipa alba striata & punctata.A white striped and spotted Tulipa.8Tulipa altera variata,&c.Another variable Tulipa.
Tulipa media rubra.1Rubra communis, fundo luteo, vel nigro.2Mali Aurantij coloris.3Cinabaris coloris.4Lateritij coloris.5Rubra, luteo aspersa.6Rubra, oris luteis.7Testamentum Brancion rubra satura, oris pallidis, diuersarum specierum, rubore variantium, & orarum amplitudine.8Cinabaris radiata, magis aut minus serotina.9Rubra purpurascens obsoleta exterioribus folijs, perfusa luteo intus, oris pallidis luteis.10Rubra purpurascens elegans extra & intus lutescens, oris pallidis luteis, fundo luteo vel viridi.11Rubra flambans coccinea, crebris maculis luteisabsq.fundo.12Flambans elegantior rubra, i.e. radijs luteis intercursantibus ruborem.13Flambans remissiorvtroq.colore.14Panni aurei coloris.15Tunica Morionis verior, seu Palto du Sot. optima, tænijs amplis amœnis & crebris, exrubro & flauo separatim diuisis & excurrentibus, flos constans.16Tunica Morionis altera, tænijs minoribus & minus frequentibus, magis aut minus alia alijs inconstans.17Tunica Morionis pallida, i. e. tænijs vel strijs frequentioribus invtroq.colore pallidis, flos est constans & elegans.18Pileus Morionis, radijs luteis, in medio foliorum latis, per ruborem excurrentibus, fundo luteo, apicibus luteis, & tribus exterioribus folijs luteis oris rubris, velabsq.oris.19Le Suisse, tænijs radiata magnis ex rubore & pallore.20Altera dicta Goliah à floris magnitudine, tænijs radiata simillima le Suisse, nisi rubor & albedo sint elegantiores.21Holias rubra, i.e. sanguinea argenteis radijs, & guttis in orbem dispositis, præsertim interiùs, fundo viridi saturo.22Holias coccinea, rubra coccinea, albo radiata in orbem, circa medium foliorum interiùs, fundo albo.23Alia huic similis, fundo albo & cæruleo.
1Rubra communis, fundo luteo, vel nigro.
2Mali Aurantij coloris.
3Cinabaris coloris.
4Lateritij coloris.
5Rubra, luteo aspersa.
6Rubra, oris luteis.
7Testamentum Brancion rubra satura, oris pallidis, diuersarum specierum, rubore variantium, & orarum amplitudine.
8Cinabaris radiata, magis aut minus serotina.
9Rubra purpurascens obsoleta exterioribus folijs, perfusa luteo intus, oris pallidis luteis.
10Rubra purpurascens elegans extra & intus lutescens, oris pallidis luteis, fundo luteo vel viridi.
11Rubra flambans coccinea, crebris maculis luteisabsq.fundo.
12Flambans elegantior rubra, i.e. radijs luteis intercursantibus ruborem.
13Flambans remissiorvtroq.colore.
14Panni aurei coloris.
15Tunica Morionis verior, seu Palto du Sot. optima, tænijs amplis amœnis & crebris, exrubro & flauo separatim diuisis & excurrentibus, flos constans.
16Tunica Morionis altera, tænijs minoribus & minus frequentibus, magis aut minus alia alijs inconstans.
17Tunica Morionis pallida, i. e. tænijs vel strijs frequentioribus invtroq.colore pallidis, flos est constans & elegans.
18Pileus Morionis, radijs luteis, in medio foliorum latis, per ruborem excurrentibus, fundo luteo, apicibus luteis, & tribus exterioribus folijs luteis oris rubris, velabsq.oris.
19Le Suisse, tænijs radiata magnis ex rubore & pallore.
20Altera dicta Goliah à floris magnitudine, tænijs radiata simillima le Suisse, nisi rubor & albedo sint elegantiores.
21Holias rubra, i.e. sanguinea argenteis radijs, & guttis in orbem dispositis, præsertim interiùs, fundo viridi saturo.
22Holias coccinea, rubra coccinea, albo radiata in orbem, circa medium foliorum interiùs, fundo albo.
23Alia huic similis, fundo albo & cæruleo.
The meane flowring red Tulipa.1 A faire red which is ordinary, with a yellow or blacke bottome.2 A deepe Orenge colour.3 A Vermillion.4 A pale red, or Bricke colour.5 A Gingeline colour.6 A red with small yellow edges.7 A Testament Brancion of diuers sorts, differing both in the deepnesse of the red, and largenesse of the pale coloured edges.8 A Vermillion flamed, flowring later or earlier.9 A dead purplish red without, and of a yellowish red within, with pale yellow edges.10 A bright Crimson red on the outside, more yellowish on the inside, with pale yellow edges, and a bottome yellow or greene.11 A red Flambant, spotted thicke with yellow spots without any bottome.12 A more excellent red Flambant, with flames of yellow running through the red.13 A pale coloured Flambant.14 A cloth of gold colour.15 A true Fooles Coate, the best is a faire red & a faire yellow, parted into guards euery one apart, varied through euery leafe to the very edge, yet in most abiding constant.16 Another Fooles Coate, not so fairely marked, nor so much, some of these are more or lesse constant in their marks, & some more variable then others.17 A pale Fooles Coate, that is, with pale red, and pale yellow guardes or stripes very faire and constant.18 A Fooles Cappe, that is, with lists or stripes of yellow running through the middle of euery leafe of the red, broader at the bottome then aboue, the bottome being yellow, the three outer leaues being yellow with red edges, or without.19 A Swisse, pained with a faire red and pale white or strawe colour.20 A Goliah, so called of the bignesse of the flower, most like to the Swisse in the marks and guardes, but that the red and white is more liuely.21 A red Holias. A bloud red stript with siluer white veines and spots, with a darke green bottome.22 A Crimson red Holias, that is, a faire purplish red, spotted with white circlewise about the middle of the inner leaues, and a white bottome.23 Another like thereunto, with a blew and white bottome.
1 A faire red which is ordinary, with a yellow or blacke bottome.
2 A deepe Orenge colour.
3 A Vermillion.
4 A pale red, or Bricke colour.
5 A Gingeline colour.
6 A red with small yellow edges.
7 A Testament Brancion of diuers sorts, differing both in the deepnesse of the red, and largenesse of the pale coloured edges.
8 A Vermillion flamed, flowring later or earlier.
9 A dead purplish red without, and of a yellowish red within, with pale yellow edges.
10 A bright Crimson red on the outside, more yellowish on the inside, with pale yellow edges, and a bottome yellow or greene.
11 A red Flambant, spotted thicke with yellow spots without any bottome.
12 A more excellent red Flambant, with flames of yellow running through the red.
13 A pale coloured Flambant.
14 A cloth of gold colour.
15 A true Fooles Coate, the best is a faire red & a faire yellow, parted into guards euery one apart, varied through euery leafe to the very edge, yet in most abiding constant.
16 Another Fooles Coate, not so fairely marked, nor so much, some of these are more or lesse constant in their marks, & some more variable then others.
17 A pale Fooles Coate, that is, with pale red, and pale yellow guardes or stripes very faire and constant.
18 A Fooles Cappe, that is, with lists or stripes of yellow running through the middle of euery leafe of the red, broader at the bottome then aboue, the bottome being yellow, the three outer leaues being yellow with red edges, or without.
19 A Swisse, pained with a faire red and pale white or strawe colour.
20 A Goliah, so called of the bignesse of the flower, most like to the Swisse in the marks and guardes, but that the red and white is more liuely.
21 A red Holias. A bloud red stript with siluer white veines and spots, with a darke green bottome.
22 A Crimson red Holias, that is, a faire purplish red, spotted with white circlewise about the middle of the inner leaues, and a white bottome.
23 Another like thereunto, with a blew and white bottome.
Page 59: Tulipa.1Tulipa tricolor.A Tulipa of three colours.2Tulipa Macedonica, siue de Caffa varia.The Tulipa of Caffa purple, with pale white stripes.3Tulipa Heluola chermesina versicolor.A pure Claret wine colour variable.4Tulipa Caryophyllata Wilmeri.Mr. Wilmers Gilloflower Tulipa.5Tulipa Chermesina flammis albis.A Crimson with white flames.6Tulipa Goliah.A kind of Zwisser called Goliah.7Tulipa le Zwisse.A Tulipa called the Zwisser.8Tulipa alba flammis coccineis.Another white Flambant or Fooles Coate.9Tulipa Cinnabarina albo flammata.The Vermillion flamed.10Tulipa plumata rubra & lutea.The feathered Tulipa red and yellow.
Tulipa media lutea.1Lutea, siue Aurea vulgaris.2Straminea.3Sulphurea.4Mali Aurantij pallidi coloris.5Lutea dilutè purpurea striata, aurei panni pallidi instar.6Pallidè lutea fuscedine adumbrata.7Flaua, oris rubris magnis, aut paruis.8Straminea oris rubris magnis intensis, vel paruis remissis.9Obscura & fuliginosa lutea, instar Folij decidui,ideoq.Folium mortuum appellatur.10Flaua, rubore perfusa, etiamque striata per totum, dorso coccineo, oris pallidis.11Pallidè lutea, perfusa & magis aut minus rubore striata, fundo vel luteo, vel viridi.12Testamentum Clusij, i.e. lutea pallida fuligine obfusca, exteriùs & interiùs ad orasvsq.pallidas, per totum vero floris medium, maculis interiùs aspersa instar omnium aliarum Holias, dorso obscuriore, fundo viridi.13Flambans lutea, diuersimodè intus magis aut minus striata, vel in alijs extra maculata rubore, fundo vt plurimum nigro, vel in alijs luteo.14Flambans pallidior & elegantior.15Holias lutea intensior vel remissior diuersimodè, in orbem radiata interius, rubris maculis ad supremasvsq.oras, aliquoties crebrè, aliàs parcè, fundo viridi, vel tanetto obscuro.16Holias straminea rubore striata & punctata, instar alba Holias.17Tunica Morionis lutea, alijs dicta Flammea, in qua color flavus magis & conspicuus rubore, diuersimodè radiata.Huc reddenda esset viridarum Tuliparum classis, quæ diuersarum etiam constat specierum. Vna viridis intensior cuius flos semper ferè semiclausus manet staminibus simbriatis. Altera remissior, instar Psittacipennarum viridium, luteo variata oris albis. Tertia adhuc dilutiori viriditate oris purpureis. Quarta, cujus folia æqualiter purpura diluta, & viriditate diuisa sunt. Quinta, folijs longissimis stellæmodo expansis, ex rubore & viriditate coacta.
1Lutea, siue Aurea vulgaris.
2Straminea.
3Sulphurea.
4Mali Aurantij pallidi coloris.
5Lutea dilutè purpurea striata, aurei panni pallidi instar.
6Pallidè lutea fuscedine adumbrata.
7Flaua, oris rubris magnis, aut paruis.
8Straminea oris rubris magnis intensis, vel paruis remissis.
9Obscura & fuliginosa lutea, instar Folij decidui,ideoq.Folium mortuum appellatur.
10Flaua, rubore perfusa, etiamque striata per totum, dorso coccineo, oris pallidis.
11Pallidè lutea, perfusa & magis aut minus rubore striata, fundo vel luteo, vel viridi.
12Testamentum Clusij, i.e. lutea pallida fuligine obfusca, exteriùs & interiùs ad orasvsq.pallidas, per totum vero floris medium, maculis interiùs aspersa instar omnium aliarum Holias, dorso obscuriore, fundo viridi.
13Flambans lutea, diuersimodè intus magis aut minus striata, vel in alijs extra maculata rubore, fundo vt plurimum nigro, vel in alijs luteo.
14Flambans pallidior & elegantior.
15Holias lutea intensior vel remissior diuersimodè, in orbem radiata interius, rubris maculis ad supremasvsq.oras, aliquoties crebrè, aliàs parcè, fundo viridi, vel tanetto obscuro.
16Holias straminea rubore striata & punctata, instar alba Holias.
17Tunica Morionis lutea, alijs dicta Flammea, in qua color flavus magis & conspicuus rubore, diuersimodè radiata.
Huc reddenda esset viridarum Tuliparum classis, quæ diuersarum etiam constat specierum. Vna viridis intensior cuius flos semper ferè semiclausus manet staminibus simbriatis. Altera remissior, instar Psittacipennarum viridium, luteo variata oris albis. Tertia adhuc dilutiori viriditate oris purpureis. Quarta, cujus folia æqualiter purpura diluta, & viriditate diuisa sunt. Quinta, folijs longissimis stellæmodo expansis, ex rubore & viriditate coacta.
The meane flowring yellow Tulipa.1 A faire gold yellow.2 A Strawe colour.3 A Brimstone colour pale yellowish greene.4 A pale Orenge colour.5 A pale cloth of gold colour.6 A Custard colour a pale yellow shadowed ouer with a browne.7 A gold yellow with red edges, greater or smaller.8 A Strawe colour with red edges, deeper or paler, greater or smaller.9 A sullen or smoakie yellow, like a dead leafe that is fallen, and therefore called,Fucille mort.10 A yellow shadowed with red, and striped also through all the leaues, the backside of them being of a red crimson, and the edges pale.11 A pale yellow, shadowed and striped with red, in some more in some lesse, the bottomes being either yellow or green.12 ATestamentum Clusij, that is, a shadowed pale yellow, both within & without, spotted round about the middle on the inside, as all other Holias are, the backe of the leaues being more obscure or shadowed with pale yellow edges, and a greene bottome.13 A yellow Flambant of diuers sorts, that is, the whole flower more or lesse streamed or spotted on the inside, and in some on the outside with red, the bottome in most being blacke, yet in some yellow.14 A paler yellow Flambant more beautifull.15 A yellow Holias, paler or deeper yellow very variable, spotted on the inside round about the middle, with red sometimes plentifully, or else sparingly with a green or dark tawny bottome.16 A strawe coloured Holias, spotted and streamed with red, as is to bee seene in the white Holias.17 A yellow Fooles coate, of some called a flame colour, wherein the yellow is more then the red, diuersly streamed.Vnto these may be added the greene Tulipa which is also of diuers sorts. One hauing a great flower of a deepe green colour, seldome opening it selfe, but abiding alwaies as it were halfe shut vp and closed, the chiues being as it were feathered. Another of a paler or yellowish green, paned with yellow, and is called, The Parret,&c.with white edges. A third of a more yellowish green, with red or purplish edges. A fourth, hath the leaues of the flower equally almost parted, with greene and a light purple colour, which abiding a long time in flower, groweth in time to be fairer marked: for at the first it doth not shew it selfe so plainely diuided. Some call this a greene Swisser. A fifth hath the longest leaues standing like a starre, consisting of greene and purple.
1 A faire gold yellow.
2 A Strawe colour.
3 A Brimstone colour pale yellowish greene.
4 A pale Orenge colour.
5 A pale cloth of gold colour.
6 A Custard colour a pale yellow shadowed ouer with a browne.
7 A gold yellow with red edges, greater or smaller.
8 A Strawe colour with red edges, deeper or paler, greater or smaller.
9 A sullen or smoakie yellow, like a dead leafe that is fallen, and therefore called,Fucille mort.
10 A yellow shadowed with red, and striped also through all the leaues, the backside of them being of a red crimson, and the edges pale.
11 A pale yellow, shadowed and striped with red, in some more in some lesse, the bottomes being either yellow or green.
12 ATestamentum Clusij, that is, a shadowed pale yellow, both within & without, spotted round about the middle on the inside, as all other Holias are, the backe of the leaues being more obscure or shadowed with pale yellow edges, and a greene bottome.
13 A yellow Flambant of diuers sorts, that is, the whole flower more or lesse streamed or spotted on the inside, and in some on the outside with red, the bottome in most being blacke, yet in some yellow.
14 A paler yellow Flambant more beautifull.
15 A yellow Holias, paler or deeper yellow very variable, spotted on the inside round about the middle, with red sometimes plentifully, or else sparingly with a green or dark tawny bottome.
16 A strawe coloured Holias, spotted and streamed with red, as is to bee seene in the white Holias.
17 A yellow Fooles coate, of some called a flame colour, wherein the yellow is more then the red, diuersly streamed.
Vnto these may be added the greene Tulipa which is also of diuers sorts. One hauing a great flower of a deepe green colour, seldome opening it selfe, but abiding alwaies as it were halfe shut vp and closed, the chiues being as it were feathered. Another of a paler or yellowish green, paned with yellow, and is called, The Parret,&c.with white edges. A third of a more yellowish green, with red or purplish edges. A fourth, hath the leaues of the flower equally almost parted, with greene and a light purple colour, which abiding a long time in flower, groweth in time to be fairer marked: for at the first it doth not shew it selfe so plainely diuided. Some call this a greene Swisser. A fifth hath the longest leaues standing like a starre, consisting of greene and purple.
The late flowring Tulipa hath had his description expressed in the precedent discourse, so that I shall not neede to make a repetition of what hath already beene set downe. The greatest matter of knowledge in this kinde is this, That it hath no such plentifull variety of colours or mixtures in his flowers, as are in the two former sorts, but is confined within these limits here expressed, as farre as hath come to our knowledge.
Tulipa Serotina.Rosea intensior, aut remissior.Rubra vulgaris, aut saturatior, & quasi nigricans, fundo luteo vel nigro orbe, aureo incluso, dicta Oculus Solis.Lutea communis.Lutea oris rubris.Lutea guttis sanguineis, fundo nigro vel vario.
Rosea intensior, aut remissior.
Rubra vulgaris, aut saturatior, & quasi nigricans, fundo luteo vel nigro orbe, aureo incluso, dicta Oculus Solis.
Lutea communis.
Lutea oris rubris.
Lutea guttis sanguineis, fundo nigro vel vario.
The late flowring Tulipa.A Rose Colour deeper or paler.An ordinary red, or else a deeper red like blacke bloud, with a blacke or yellow bottome, or blacke circled with yellow, called the Suns eye.An ordinary yellow.A yellow with red edges.A yellow with red spots and veines, the bottome black or discoloured.
A Rose Colour deeper or paler.
An ordinary red, or else a deeper red like blacke bloud, with a blacke or yellow bottome, or blacke circled with yellow, called the Suns eye.
An ordinary yellow.
A yellow with red edges.
A yellow with red spots and veines, the bottome black or discoloured.
There yet remaine many obseruations, concerning these beautifull flowers, fit to be knowne, which could not, without too much prolixity, be comprehended within the body of the description of them; but are reserued to bee intreated of a part by themselues.
All sorts of Tulipas beare vsually but one stalke, and that without any branches: but sometimes nature is so plentifull in bearing, that it hath two or three stalkes, and sometimes two, or more branches out of one stalke (euery stalke or branch bearing one flower at the toppe) but this is but seldome seene; and when it doth happen once, it is hardly seene againe in the same roote, but is a great signe, that the roote that doth thus, being an old roote, will the same yeare part into diuers rootes, whereof euery one, being of a reasonable greatnesse, will beare both his stalke and flower the next yeare, agreeing with the mother plant in colour, as all the of-sets of Tulipas doe for the most part: for although the young of-sets of some doe vary from the maine roote, euen while it groweth with them, yet being separated, it will bee of the same colour with the mother plant.
There groweth oftentimes in theMedias, and sometimes also in thePræcoces, but more seldome, a small bulbe or roote, hard aboue the ground, at the bottome of the stalke, and betweene it and the lower leafe, which when the stalke is dry, and it ripe, being put into the ground, will bring forth in time a flower like vnto the mother plant, from whence it was taken.
The flowers also of Tulipas consist most commonly of sixe leaues, but sometimes they are seene to haue eight or tenne, or more leaues; but vsually, those rootes beare but their ordinary number of sixe leaues the next yeare: the head for seede then, is for the most part foure square, which at all other times is but three square, or when the flower wanteth a leafe or two, as sometimes also it doth, it then is flat, hauing but two sides.
The forme of the flower is also very variable; for the leaues of some Tulipas are all sharpe pointed, or all blunt and round pointed, and many haue the three outer leaues sharpe pointed, and the three inner round or pointed, and some contrariwise, the three outermost round pointed, and the three inner sharpe pointed. Againe, some haue all the leaues of the flowers long and narrow, and some haue them broader and shorter. SomePræcocesalso haue their flowers very large and great, equall vnto eyther theMedia, orSerotina, which most commonly are the largest, and others haue them as small as the Bolonia Tulipa.
The bottomes of the leaues of the flowers are also variably diuersified, and so are both the chiues or threeds that stand vp about the head, and the tips or pendents that are hanging loose on the toppes of them; and by the difference of the bottomes or chiues, many flowers are distinguished, which else are very like in colour, and alike also marked.
For the smell also there is some diuersity; for that the flowers of some are very sweete, of others nothing at all, and some betweene both, of a small sent, but not offensiue: and yet some I haue obserued haue had a strong ill sent; but how to shew you to distinguish them, more then by your owne sense, I cannot: for the seedes of sweete smelling Tulipas doe not follow their mother plant, no more then they doe in the colour.
And lastly, take this, which is not the least obseruation, worth the noting, that I haue obserued in many: When they haue beene of one entire colour for diuers yeares, yet in some yeare they haue altered very much, as if it had not beene the same, viz. from a purple or stamell, it hath beene variably either parted, or mixed, or striped with white, eyther in part, or through the whole flower, and so in a red or yellow flower, that it hath had eyther red or yellow edges, or yellow or red spots, lines, veines, or flames, running through the red or yellow colour, and sometimes it hath happened, that three leaues haue been equally parted in the middle with red yellow, the other three abiding of one colour, and in some the red had some yellow in it, and the yellow some red spots in it also; whereof I haue obserued, that all such flowers, not hauing their originall in that manner, (for some that haue such or the like markes from the beginning, that is, from the first and second yeares flowring, are constant, and doe not change) but as I said, were of one colour at the first, doe shew theweaknesse and decay of the roote, and that this extraordinary beauty in the flower, is but as the brightnesse of a light, vpon the very extinguishing thereof, and doth plainly declare, that it can doe his Master no more seruice, and therefore with this iollity doth bid him good night. I know there is a common opinion among many (and very confidently maintained) that a Tulipa with a white flower, hath changed to beare a red or yellow, and so of the red or yellow, and other colours, that they are likewise inconstant, as though no flowers were certaine: but I could neuer either see or heare for certaine any such alteration, nor any other variation, but what is formerly expressed. Let not therefore any iudicious be carried away with any such idle conceit, but rather suspect some deceit in their Gardeners or others, by taking vp one, and putting in another in the place, or else their owne mistaking.
Now for the sowing, planting, transplanting, choise, and ordering of Tulipas, which is not the least of regard, concerning this subiect in hand, but (as I think) would be willingly entertained; What I haue by my best endeauours learned, by mine owne paines in almost forty yeares trauell, or from others informations, I am willing here to set downe; not doubting, but that some may adde what hath not come to my knowledge.
First, in the sowing of seedes of Tulipas, I haue not obserued (whatsoeuer others haue written) nor could of certainty learne of others, that there doth arise from the seedes ofPræcocesanyMediasorSerotineTulipas, (or but very seldome) nor am certainly assured of any: but that the seedes of allPræcoces(so they be not doubtfull, or of the last flowring sorts) will bringPræcoces: And I am out of doubt, that I neuer saw, nor could learne, that euer the seede of theMediasorSerotineshaue giuenPræcoces; butMediasorSerotines, according to their naturall kinde. But if there should bee any degeneration, I rather incline to thinke, that it sooner commeth to passe (à meliore ad pelus, forfacilis est descensus, that is) thatPræcocesmay giueMedias, then thatMediasorSerotinesshould giuePræcoces.
For the choise of your seede to sowe. First, for thePræcoces, Clusius saith, that thePræcox Tulipa, that beareth a white flower, is the best to giue the greatest variety of colours. Some among vs haue reported, that they haue found great variety rise from the seede of the redPræcox, which I can more hardly beleeue: but Clusius his experience hath the greater probability, but especially if it haue some mixture of red or purple in it. The purple I haue found to be the best, next thereunto is the purple with white edges, and so likewise the red with yellow edges, each of them will bring most of their owne colours. Then the choise of the bestMedias, is to take those colours that are light, rather white then yellow, and purple then red; yea white, not yellow, purple, not red: but these againe to be spotted is the best, and the more the better; but withall, or aboue all in these, respect the ground or bottome of the flower, (which in thePræcox Tulipacannot, because you shall seldome see any other ground in them but yellow) for if the flower be white, or whitish, spotted, or edged, and straked, and the bottome blew or purple (such as is found in the Holias, and in the Cloth of siluer), this is beyond all other the most excellent, and out of question the choisest of an hundred, to haue the greatest and most pleasant variety and rarity. And so in degree, the meaner, in beauty you sowe, the lesser shall your pleasure in rarities be. Bestowe not your time in sowing red or yellow Tulipa seede, or the diuers mixtures of them; for they will (as I haue found by experience) seldome be worth your paines. TheSerotina, or late flowring Tulipa, because it is seldome seene, with any especiall beautifull variety, you may easily your selues ghesse that it can bring forth (euen as I haue also learned) no raritie, and little or no diuersity at all.
The time and manner to sowe these seedes is next to be considered. You may not sowe them in the spring of the yeare, if you hope to haue any good of them; but in the Autumne, or presently after they be thorough ripe and dry: yet if you sowe them not vntill the end of October, they will come forward neuer the worse, but rather the better; for it is often seene, that ouer early sowing causeth them to spring out of the ground ouer early, so that if a sharp spring chance, to follow, it may go neere to spoile all, or the most of your seede. Wee vsually sowe the same yeares seede, yet if you chance to keepe of your owne, or haue from others such seed, as is two years old, they will thriue and doe well enough especially if they were ripe and well gathered:You must not sowe them too thicke, for so doing hath lost many a pecke of good seede, as I can tell; for if the seede lye one vpon another, that it hath not roome vpon the sprouting, to enter and take roote in the earth, it perisheth by and by. Some vse to tread downe the ground, where they meane to sowe their seede, and hauing sowne them thereon, doe couer them ouer the thicknesse of a mans thumbe with fine sifted earth, and they thinke they doe well, and haue good reason for it: for considering the nature of the young Tulipa rootes, is to runne downe deeper into the ground, euery yeare more then other, they thinke to hinder their quicke descent by the fastnesse of the ground, that so they may encrease the better. This way may please some, but I doe not vse it, nor can finde the reason sufficient; for they doe not consider, that the stiffenesse of the earth, doth cause the rootes of the young Tulipas to bee long before they grow great, in that a stiffe ground doth more hinder the well thriuing of the rootes, then a loose doth, and although the rootes doe runne downe deeper in a loose earth, yet they may easily by transplanting be holpen, and raised vp high enough. I haue also seene some Tulipas not once remoued from their sowing to their flowring; but if you will not lose them, you must take them vp while their leafe or stalk is fresh, and not withered: for if you doe not follow the stalke downe to the roote, be it neuer so deepe, you will leaue them behinde you. The ground also must be respected; for the finer, softer, and richer the mould is, wherein you sowe your seede, the greater shall be your encrease and varietie: Sift it therefore from all stones and rubbish, and let it be either fat naturall ground of it selfe, or being muckt, that it bee thoroughly rotten: but some I know, to mend their ground, doe make such a mixture of grounds, that they marre it in the making.
After the seede is thus sowne, the first yeares springing bringeth forth leaues, little bigger then the ordinary grasse leaues; the second yeare bigger, and so by degrees euery yeare bigger then other. The leaues of thePræcoceswhile they are young, may be discerned from theMediasby this note, which I haue obserued. The leaues of them doe wholly stand vp aboue the ground, shewing the small footstalkes, whereby euerie leafe doth stand, but the leaues of theMediasorSerotinesdoe neuer wholly appeare out of the ground, but the lower part which is broad, abideth vnder the vpper face of the earth. Those Tulipas now growing to bee three yeares old, (yet some at the second, if the ground and ayre be correspondent) are to bee taken vp out of the ground, wherein yee shall finde they haue runne deepe, and to be anew planted, after they haue been a little dryed and cleansed, eyther in the same, or another ground againe, placing them reasonable neare one vnto another, according to their greatnesse, which being planted and couered ouer with earth againe, of about an inch or two thicknesse, may be left vntaken vp againe for two yeare longer, if you will, or else remoued euery yeare after, as you please; and thus by transplanting them in their due season (which is still in the end of Iuly, or beginning of August, or thereabouts) you shall according to your seede and soyle, haue some come to bearing, in the fifth yeare after the flowring, (and some haue had them in the fourth, but that hath beene but few, and none of the best, or in a rich ground) some in the sixth and seuenth, and some peraduenture, not vntill the eighth or tenth yeare: but still remember, that as your rootes grow greater, that in re-planting you giue them the more roome to be distant one from another, or else the one will hinder, if not rot the other.
The seede of thePræcocesdoe not thriue and come forward so fast as theMediasorSerotines, nor doe giue any of-sets in their running downe as theMediasdoe, which vsually leaue a small roote at the head of the other that is runne downe euery yeare; and besides, are more tender, and require more care and attendance then theMedias, and therefore they are the more respected.
This is a generall and certaine rule in all Tulipas, that all the while they beare but one leafe, they will not beare flower, whether they bee seedlings, or the of-sets of elder rootes, or the rootes themselues, that haue heretofore borne flowers; but when they shew a second leafe, breaking out of the first, it is a certaine signe, that it will then beare a flower, vnlesse some casualty hinder it, as frost or raine, to nip or spoile the bud, or other vntimely accident befall it.
To set or plant your best and bearing Tulipas somewhat deeper then other rootes, I hold it the best way; for if the ground bee either cold, or lye too open to the coldNortherne ayre, they will be the better defended therein, and not suffer the frosts or cold to pierce them so soone: for the deepe frosts and snowes doe pinch thePræcoceschiefly, if they bee too neare the vppermost crust of the earth; and therefore many, with good successe, couer ouer their ground before Winter, with either fresh or old rotten dung, and that will maruellously preserue them. The like course you may hold with seedlings, to cause them to come on the forwarder, so it bee after the first yeares sowing, and not till then.
To remoue Tulipas after they haue shot forth their fibres or small strings, which grow vnder the great round rootes, (that is, from September vntill they bee in flower) is very dangerous; for by remouing them when they haue taken fast hold in the ground, you doe both hinder them in the bearing out their flower, and besides, put them in hazzard to perish, at least to bee put backe from bearing for a while after, as oftentimes I haue proued by experience: But when they are now risen to flower, and so for any time after, you may safely take them vp if you will, and remoue them without danger, if you haue any good regard vnto them, vnlesse it be a young bearing roote, which you shall in so doing much hinder, because it is yet tender, by reason it now beareth his first flower. But all Tulipa roots when their stalke and leaues are dry, may most safely then be taken vp out of the ground, and be so kept (so that they lye in a dry, and not in a moist place) for sixe moneths without any great harme: yea I haue knowne them that haue had them nine moneths out of the ground, and haue done reasonable well, but this you must vnderstand withall, that they haue not been young but elder rootes, and they haue been orderly taken vp and preserued. The dryer you keep a Tulipa roote the better, so as you let it not lye in the sunne or winde, which will pierce it and spoile it.
Thus Gentlewomen for your delights, (for these pleasures are the delights of leasure, which hath bred your loue & liking to them, and although you are herein predominant, yet cannot they be barred from your beloued, who I doubt not, wil share with you in the delight as much as is fit) haue I taken this paines, to set downe, and bring to your knowledge such rules of art, as my small skill hath enabled mee withall concerning this subiect, which of all other, seemed fittest in this manner to be enlarged, both for the varietie of matter, and excellency of beautie herein, and also that these rules set forth together in one place, might saue many repetitions in other places, so that for the planting and ordering of all other bulbous rootes, and the sowing the seedes of them, you may haue recourse vnto these rules, (tanquam ad normam & examen) which may serue in generall for all other, little diuersitie of particulars needing exception.
The Place.The greater Tulipas haue first beene sent vs from Constantinople, and other parts of Turkie, where it is said they grow naturally wilde in the Fields, Woods, and Mountaines; as Thracia, Macedonia, Pontus about the Euxine Sea, Cappadocia, Bithynia, and about Tripolis and Aleppo in Syria also: the lesser haue come from other seuerall places, as their names doe decipher it out vnto vs; as Armenia, Persia, Candye, Portugall, Spaine, Italy, and France. They are all now made denizens in our Gardens, where they yeeld vs more delight, and more encrease for their proportion, by reason of the culture, then they did vnto their owne naturals.
The greater Tulipas haue first beene sent vs from Constantinople, and other parts of Turkie, where it is said they grow naturally wilde in the Fields, Woods, and Mountaines; as Thracia, Macedonia, Pontus about the Euxine Sea, Cappadocia, Bithynia, and about Tripolis and Aleppo in Syria also: the lesser haue come from other seuerall places, as their names doe decipher it out vnto vs; as Armenia, Persia, Candye, Portugall, Spaine, Italy, and France. They are all now made denizens in our Gardens, where they yeeld vs more delight, and more encrease for their proportion, by reason of the culture, then they did vnto their owne naturals.
The Time.These doe flower some earlier, some later, for three whole moneths together at the least, therein adorning out a Garden most gloriously, in that being but one kinde of flower, it is so full of variety, as no other (except the Daffodils, which yet are not comparable, in that they yield not that alluring pleasant variety) doe the like besides. Some of thePræcoceshaue beene in flower with vs, (for I speake not of their owne naturall places, where the Winters are milder, and the Spring, earlier then ours) in the moneth of Ianuary, when the Winter before hath beene milde, but many in February,and all thePræcoces, from the beginning to the end of March, if the yeare be kindly: at what time theMediasdoe begin, and abide all Aprill, and part of May, when theSerotinesflower and fade; but this, as I said, if the yeare be kindly, or else each kinde will be a moneth later. The seede is ripe in Iune and Iuly, according to their early or late flowring.
These doe flower some earlier, some later, for three whole moneths together at the least, therein adorning out a Garden most gloriously, in that being but one kinde of flower, it is so full of variety, as no other (except the Daffodils, which yet are not comparable, in that they yield not that alluring pleasant variety) doe the like besides. Some of thePræcoceshaue beene in flower with vs, (for I speake not of their owne naturall places, where the Winters are milder, and the Spring, earlier then ours) in the moneth of Ianuary, when the Winter before hath beene milde, but many in February,and all thePræcoces, from the beginning to the end of March, if the yeare be kindly: at what time theMediasdoe begin, and abide all Aprill, and part of May, when theSerotinesflower and fade; but this, as I said, if the yeare be kindly, or else each kinde will be a moneth later. The seede is ripe in Iune and Iuly, according to their early or late flowring.
The Names.There haue beene diuers opinions among our moderne Writers, by what name this plant was knowne to the ancient Authors. Some would haue it beCosmosandatos, of the Ancient. Dodonæus referreth it toπυπῶνof Theophrastus, in hisseuenth Booke and thirteenth Chapter: but thereof he is so briefe, that besides the bare name, wee cannot finde him to make any further relation of forme, or quality. And Bauhinus, vponMatthiolus Commentaries of Dioscorides, and in hisPinaxalso, followeth his opinion. Camerarius in hisHortus Medicusis of opinion, it may be referred to the Helychrysum of Crateua. Gesner, as I thinke, first of all, and after him Lobel, Camerarius, Clusius and many others, referre it to the Satyrium of Dioscorides: and surely this opinion is the most probable for many reasons. First, for that this plant doth grow very frequent in many places of Greece, and the lesser Asia, which were no doubt sufficiently knowne both to Theophrastus, and Dioscorides, and was accounted among bulbous rootes, although by sundry names. And secondly, as Dioscorides setteth forth his Satyrium, so this most commonly beareth three leaues vpon a stalke (although sometimes with vs it hath foure or fiue) like vnto a Lilly, whereof some are often seen to be both red, in the first springing, and also vpon the decaying, especially in a dry time, and in a dry ground: the flower likewise of some is white, and like a Lilly; the roote is round, and as white within as the white of an egge, couered with a browne coate, hauing a sweetish, but not vnpleasant taste, as any man without danger many try. This description doth so liuely set forth this plant, that I thinke wee shall not neede to be any longer in doubt, where to finde Dioscorides his Satyrium Triphyllum, seeing wee haue such plenty growing with vs. And thirdly, there is no doubt, but that it hath the same qualities, as you shall hereafter heare further. And lastly, that plant likewise that beareth a red flower, may very well agree with his Erythronium; for the descriptions in Dioscorides are both alike, as are their qualities, the greatest doubt may be in the seede, which yet may agree vnto Lin or Flaxe as fitly, or rather more then many other plants doe, in many of his comparisons, which yet wee receiue for currant. For the seede of Tulipas are flat, hard, and shining as the seede ofLinumor Flaxe, although of another colour, and bigger, as Dioscorides himselfe setteth it downe. But if there should be a mistaking in the writing ofλὶνουforκρὶνουorλεῖριουin the Greeke Text, as the slippe is both easie and likely, it were then out of all question the same: for the seede is very like vnto the seede of Lillies, as any man may easily discerne that know them, or will compare them. It is generally called by all the late Writers,Tulipa, which is deriued from the nameTulpan, whereby the Turkes ofDalmatiadoe entitle their head Tyres, or Caps; and this flower being blowne, laide open, and inuerted, doth very well resemble them. We haue receiued the early kinde from Constantinople, by the name ofCafa lale, and the other by the name ofCauala lale. Lobel and others doe call itLilio-narcissus, because it doth resemble a Lilly in the leafe, flower, and seede, and a Daffodil in the roote. We call it in English the Turkes Cap, but most vsually Tulipa, as most other Christian Countries that delight therein doe. Daleschampius calleth it Oulada.
There haue beene diuers opinions among our moderne Writers, by what name this plant was knowne to the ancient Authors. Some would haue it beCosmosandatos, of the Ancient. Dodonæus referreth it toπυπῶνof Theophrastus, in hisseuenth Booke and thirteenth Chapter: but thereof he is so briefe, that besides the bare name, wee cannot finde him to make any further relation of forme, or quality. And Bauhinus, vponMatthiolus Commentaries of Dioscorides, and in hisPinaxalso, followeth his opinion. Camerarius in hisHortus Medicusis of opinion, it may be referred to the Helychrysum of Crateua. Gesner, as I thinke, first of all, and after him Lobel, Camerarius, Clusius and many others, referre it to the Satyrium of Dioscorides: and surely this opinion is the most probable for many reasons. First, for that this plant doth grow very frequent in many places of Greece, and the lesser Asia, which were no doubt sufficiently knowne both to Theophrastus, and Dioscorides, and was accounted among bulbous rootes, although by sundry names. And secondly, as Dioscorides setteth forth his Satyrium, so this most commonly beareth three leaues vpon a stalke (although sometimes with vs it hath foure or fiue) like vnto a Lilly, whereof some are often seen to be both red, in the first springing, and also vpon the decaying, especially in a dry time, and in a dry ground: the flower likewise of some is white, and like a Lilly; the roote is round, and as white within as the white of an egge, couered with a browne coate, hauing a sweetish, but not vnpleasant taste, as any man without danger many try. This description doth so liuely set forth this plant, that I thinke wee shall not neede to be any longer in doubt, where to finde Dioscorides his Satyrium Triphyllum, seeing wee haue such plenty growing with vs. And thirdly, there is no doubt, but that it hath the same qualities, as you shall hereafter heare further. And lastly, that plant likewise that beareth a red flower, may very well agree with his Erythronium; for the descriptions in Dioscorides are both alike, as are their qualities, the greatest doubt may be in the seede, which yet may agree vnto Lin or Flaxe as fitly, or rather more then many other plants doe, in many of his comparisons, which yet wee receiue for currant. For the seede of Tulipas are flat, hard, and shining as the seede ofLinumor Flaxe, although of another colour, and bigger, as Dioscorides himselfe setteth it downe. But if there should be a mistaking in the writing ofλὶνουforκρὶνουorλεῖριουin the Greeke Text, as the slippe is both easie and likely, it were then out of all question the same: for the seede is very like vnto the seede of Lillies, as any man may easily discerne that know them, or will compare them. It is generally called by all the late Writers,Tulipa, which is deriued from the nameTulpan, whereby the Turkes ofDalmatiadoe entitle their head Tyres, or Caps; and this flower being blowne, laide open, and inuerted, doth very well resemble them. We haue receiued the early kinde from Constantinople, by the name ofCafa lale, and the other by the name ofCauala lale. Lobel and others doe call itLilio-narcissus, because it doth resemble a Lilly in the leafe, flower, and seede, and a Daffodil in the roote. We call it in English the Turkes Cap, but most vsually Tulipa, as most other Christian Countries that delight therein doe. Daleschampius calleth it Oulada.
The Vertues.Dioscorides writeth, that his first Satyrium is profitable for them thathaue a convulsion in their necke, (which wee call a cricke in the necke) if it be drunke in harsh (which we call red) wine.That the roots of Tulipas are nourishing, there is no doubt, the pleasant, or at least the no vnpleasant taste, may hereunto perswade; for diuers haue had them sent by their friends from beyond Sea, and mistaking them to bee Onions, haue vsed them as Onions in their pottage or broth, and neuer found any cause of mislike, or any sense of euill quality produced by them, but accounted them sweete Onions.Further, I haue made tryall of them my selfe in this manner. I haue preserued the rootes of these Tulipas in Sugar, as I haue done the rootes of Eringus, Orchis, or any other such like, and haue found them to be almost as pleasant as the Eringus rootes, being firme and sound, fit to be presented to the curious; but for force of Venereous quality, I cannot say, either from my selfe, not hauing eaten many, or from any other, on whom I haue bestowed them: but surely, if there be any speciall propertie in the rootes of Orchis, or some other tending to that purpose, I thinke this may as well haue it as they. It should seeme, that Dioscorides doth attribute a great Venereous faculty to the seede, whereof I know not any hath made any especiall experiment with vs as yet.
Dioscorides writeth, that his first Satyrium is profitable for them thathaue a convulsion in their necke, (which wee call a cricke in the necke) if it be drunke in harsh (which we call red) wine.
That the roots of Tulipas are nourishing, there is no doubt, the pleasant, or at least the no vnpleasant taste, may hereunto perswade; for diuers haue had them sent by their friends from beyond Sea, and mistaking them to bee Onions, haue vsed them as Onions in their pottage or broth, and neuer found any cause of mislike, or any sense of euill quality produced by them, but accounted them sweete Onions.
Further, I haue made tryall of them my selfe in this manner. I haue preserued the rootes of these Tulipas in Sugar, as I haue done the rootes of Eringus, Orchis, or any other such like, and haue found them to be almost as pleasant as the Eringus rootes, being firme and sound, fit to be presented to the curious; but for force of Venereous quality, I cannot say, either from my selfe, not hauing eaten many, or from any other, on whom I haue bestowed them: but surely, if there be any speciall propertie in the rootes of Orchis, or some other tending to that purpose, I thinke this may as well haue it as they. It should seeme, that Dioscorides doth attribute a great Venereous faculty to the seede, whereof I know not any hath made any especiall experiment with vs as yet.