725.R. Gardner Hill,A Concise History of the Non-Restraint System, p. 139. London, 1857.
725.R. Gardner Hill,A Concise History of the Non-Restraint System, p. 139. London, 1857.
726.W. A. F. Browne, p. 119.
726.W. A. F. Browne, p. 119.
727.One large asylum is said to have made £400 a year from exhibiting lunatics, but this would probably not include the keepers’ tips; see Tuke,Hist.p. 73.
727.One large asylum is said to have made £400 a year from exhibiting lunatics, but this would probably not include the keepers’ tips; see Tuke,Hist.p. 73.
728.Conolly, p. 33. See also P. Pinel,Traité Médico-philosophique sur l’Aliénation Mentale, p. 65. Paris, An IX.J. B. Tuke,Ency. Brit.ninth ed. vol. xiii. p. 111.
728.Conolly, p. 33. See also P. Pinel,Traité Médico-philosophique sur l’Aliénation Mentale, p. 65. Paris, An IX.
J. B. Tuke,Ency. Brit.ninth ed. vol. xiii. p. 111.
729.See E. Westermarck,Moral Ideas, i. p. 274.
729.See E. Westermarck,Moral Ideas, i. p. 274.
730.H. W. Carter,Principal Hospitals, p. 42. London, 1819.
730.H. W. Carter,Principal Hospitals, p. 42. London, 1819.
731.P. Pinel,Traité, p. 64.
731.P. Pinel,Traité, p. 64.
732.A. Halliday,Lunatic Asylums, p. 76.
732.A. Halliday,Lunatic Asylums, p. 76.
733.M. Esquirol,Mémoires de Charenton, pp. 46, 48.
733.M. Esquirol,Mémoires de Charenton, pp. 46, 48.
734.F. Beach, p. 11.J. Conolly, p. 10.R. Gardner Hill,Concise Hist.p. 141.
734.F. Beach, p. 11.
J. Conolly, p. 10.
R. Gardner Hill,Concise Hist.p. 141.
735.Animadversions on the Present Government of York Asylum.York, 1788. It deals mainly with the question of finance.Edinburgh Review, vol. xxviii. p. 433.These producedA Letter from a Subscriber to the York Lunatic Asylum. York, 1788, etc.
735.Animadversions on the Present Government of York Asylum.York, 1788. It deals mainly with the question of finance.
Edinburgh Review, vol. xxviii. p. 433.
These producedA Letter from a Subscriber to the York Lunatic Asylum. York, 1788, etc.
736.He died in 1797, and an inscription was erected to him in Westminster Abbey. SeeDict. Nat. Biog., and Jonathan Gray,History of York Asylum, p. 18.
736.He died in 1797, and an inscription was erected to him in Westminster Abbey. SeeDict. Nat. Biog., and Jonathan Gray,History of York Asylum, p. 18.
737.Samuel Tuke,Description of the Retreat, p. 22. York, 1813.
737.Samuel Tuke,Description of the Retreat, p. 22. York, 1813.
738.TheDescription of the Retreatnear York, already alluded to.
738.TheDescription of the Retreatnear York, already alluded to.
739.To theYork Herald, dated September 23, 1813. It was signed merely “Evigilator,” but had been written by Dr. Best, the head of the York Asylum.See J. Gray,Hist.p. 28; also D. H. Tuke,Hist.pp. 129, 148.
739.To theYork Herald, dated September 23, 1813. It was signed merely “Evigilator,” but had been written by Dr. Best, the head of the York Asylum.
See J. Gray,Hist.p. 28; also D. H. Tuke,Hist.pp. 129, 148.
740.Edinburgh Review, vol. xxviii. p. 433. Edinburgh, 1817.
740.Edinburgh Review, vol. xxviii. p. 433. Edinburgh, 1817.
741.S. W. Nicoll,An Enquiry, p. 11; and see Jonathan Gray,Hist.p. 31.
741.S. W. Nicoll,An Enquiry, p. 11; and see Jonathan Gray,Hist.p. 31.
742.D. H. Tuke,Hist.p. 79.
742.D. H. Tuke,Hist.p. 79.
743.J. Gray,Hist.chap. vi.
743.J. Gray,Hist.chap. vi.
744.D. H. Tuke, p. 161.
744.D. H. Tuke, p. 161.
745.D. H. Tuke, p. 157.
745.D. H. Tuke, p. 157.
746.Nicoll, p. 21.
746.Nicoll, p. 21.
747.D. H. Tuke,Hist.p. 162.
747.D. H. Tuke,Hist.p. 162.
748.Ibid.p. 173.
748.Ibid.p. 173.
749.J. B. Tuke,Ency. Brit.ninth ed.; D. H. Tuke,Hist.p. 85; R. Gardner Hill,Lunacy, p. 5.
749.J. B. Tuke,Ency. Brit.ninth ed.; D. H. Tuke,Hist.p. 85; R. Gardner Hill,Lunacy, p. 5.
750.See, for instance, Hunterian Oration, 1891, etc.
750.See, for instance, Hunterian Oration, 1891, etc.
751.R. Gardner Hill,Lunacy, p. 42.
751.R. Gardner Hill,Lunacy, p. 42.
752.Andrew Wynter, p. 100.
752.Andrew Wynter, p. 100.
753.Hill, pp. 87, 88.
753.Hill, pp. 87, 88.
754.Halliday,Lunatic Asylums, p. 2.
754.Halliday,Lunatic Asylums, p. 2.
755.F. Willis,A Treatise on Mental Derangement, p. 6. London, 1823.
755.F. Willis,A Treatise on Mental Derangement, p. 6. London, 1823.
756.Lunatic Asylums, p. 2.
756.Lunatic Asylums, p. 2.
757.W. A. F. Browne, p. 4.
757.W. A. F. Browne, p. 4.
758.Borderland of Insanity, p. 11.
758.Borderland of Insanity, p. 11.
759.Alexander Gibson, inEncy. Brit.ninth ed. art. “Insanity (Law).”
759.Alexander Gibson, inEncy. Brit.ninth ed. art. “Insanity (Law).”
760.“That” (kleptomania) “is one of the diseases I was sent here to cure,” a certain judge is said to have observed; but he did not cure it.
760.“That” (kleptomania) “is one of the diseases I was sent here to cure,” a certain judge is said to have observed; but he did not cure it.
761.One of these legal tests had been a knowledge of the multiplication table. W. A. F. Browne, p. 3.
761.One of these legal tests had been a knowledge of the multiplication table. W. A. F. Browne, p. 3.
762.The “robust” attitude has been shown by Dickens. “That young Pitcher’s had a fever.” “No!” exclaimed Mr. Squeers. “Damn that boy, he’s always at something of that sort.” “Never was such a boy, I do believe,” said Mrs. Squeers; “whatever he has is always catching too. I say it’s obstinacy, and nothing shall ever convince me that it isn’t. I’d beat it out of him.”—Nicholas Nickleby, chap. vii.
762.The “robust” attitude has been shown by Dickens. “That young Pitcher’s had a fever.” “No!” exclaimed Mr. Squeers. “Damn that boy, he’s always at something of that sort.” “Never was such a boy, I do believe,” said Mrs. Squeers; “whatever he has is always catching too. I say it’s obstinacy, and nothing shall ever convince me that it isn’t. I’d beat it out of him.”—Nicholas Nickleby, chap. vii.
763.D. H. Tuke,Hist.p. 96.
763.D. H. Tuke,Hist.p. 96.
764.W. Tallack,Penological and Preventive Principles, pp. 249, 250. London, 1896.
764.W. Tallack,Penological and Preventive Principles, pp. 249, 250. London, 1896.
765.Departmental Committee on Prisons Report, p. 8. London, 1895.
765.Departmental Committee on Prisons Report, p. 8. London, 1895.
Transcriber’s Notes:Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected.Typographical errors were silently corrected.Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only when a predominant form was found in this book.