—nor on the fitness of things,228—origin of,362—systems of reducible to two,378—of princes352—disputes concerning, iv.239, &c.—principles of, discussed,366.Moral duties, two kinds of, iii. 524.Moral sense, an innate sentiment, ii.236.Moral reasoning, iv. 192—sentiment, 356.Motives, determine the quality of actions, ii.245.Muscovites, their marriages, iii. 150, 243.Nature, definition of, ii.241—state of, fictitious,253,263—iv. 253—various hypotheses on, 260.Natural evils, ii.504,520.Natural religion, whether proved from reason, ii.429—from works of creation,446,465—from the structure of animal bodies,455,469—from the condition of human life,502.Necessity, idea of, how formed, i. 206—iv. 96—definitions of, i. 220—ii.162—iv. 113—not subversive of religion, ii.163—iv. 114—various theories of, confuted, ii.75,77,80—whence it arises,88.Necessity of a cause, theory of Hobbes, Clarke and Locke, examined,i. 111—arguments concerning analyzed, 117.Negroes, an inferior race, iii. 236.Newton, perpetuity of his philosophy, iii. 135—iv. 86,(Note) 277, 555.Newton, Locke, Clarke, Arians or Socinians, iv. 496.Nicolas, St, a favourite of the Muscovites, iv. 467.Nine, curious property of, ii.500.Nisus, suggests not the true idea of power, iv. 79.Northern nations, their swarms, no proof of populousness, iii 497.Numitianus, the poet, his contempt of Christianity, iv. 489.Oaths, different kinds of, ii.543.Obedience, passive, proper limits of, iii. 534.Occupation, a right of property, ii.277—several kinds of,278, (Note.)Oliver Cromwell, ii.90—his military force, iii. 472.Olympiodorus, quoted, iii. 486.Opinion, foundation of all government, iii. 31—changeableness of, 54,Orange, Prince of, accession of, ii.350—partisans of, iii. 70.Orators, modern, inferiority of, iii. 110, 113, &c.—causes of this decline, 114—French, 118, (Note.)Original contract, the best but seldom the sole foundation ofgovernment, iii. 518—theory of, erroneous, 532,Ostracism and Petalism, iii. 375.Ovid quoted, iii. 6, 127, 143, 429, 494, 454—iv. 454, 504.Pain and pleasure, chief springs of human actions, i. 160—ii.360.Painters, often unhappy in their subjects, iii. 254.Painting, may flourish under tyrannical governments, iii. 101.Paris, L'Abbé de, his miracles, iv. 145, (Note.)Parents and children, relation between, ii.98,et seq.Parliament, how far it should be independent, iii. 47.Parliament, of love, iv. 283.Parnell, Dr, iii. 222.Parties, court and country, iii. 42, (Note.) 62—among the ancients, 59—ecclesiastical, 64, 68—first rise of, in England, 70.Pascal, his character, iv. 147, 430.Passions, direct and indirect, ii.5—their object,9—transition of,129—calm and violent,173—contrariety of,199—sympathy of,396—selfish and benevolent, iv. 13—how affected by good or evil, 195—by general rules, 217—by reason, 226.Passions, amorous, ii.144—iii. 148—iv. 221.Pausanias, quoted, iii. 481.Pay, military, of the ancients, iii. 445.Penetration of bodies, impossible, i. 63.Perceptions, two kinds of, i. 15—iv. 18—on the continued existence of, i. 271,et seq.Pericles, his eloquence, iii. 122—saying of, iv. 246Peripatetic philosophy, i. 285—ii.464—iii. 135—iv. 309.Persecution, religious, causes of, iii. 64,et seq.Persians, ancient, their manners, iii. 21, 22, (Note), 236, 242.Personification, origin of polytheism, iv. 446.Petrarch, quoted, iii. 281.Petronius, quoted, iii. 454, 494—iv. 423.Phædrus, quoted, iii. 145:—iv. 280.Philip of Macedon, anecdote of, iii. 145, 199—his armies, 482—his character, 377—iv. 332.Philips, Mr, his poem on Cider, ii.102.Philosophy, false suggestions of, iii. 195—the obvious and abstruse, iv. 4.Phocion, a saying of, iv. 330.Physical causes, their influence on population, iii. 423.Pity, what, ii.114—peculiarities of,116.Plato, quoted, iii. 99, 275, 391, 532—iv. 260, 280, 313, 406, 456,495, 497.Platonists, their opinion of the Deity, ii.457—iii. 137—of the creation, ii,487—their doctrines, iii. 175.Plautus, quoted, iii. 476.Pliny, quoted, iii. 64, 142, 149, 252, 331, 346, 364, 432, 439, 440,447, 471, 484,502—iv. 443, 474, 490, 568, 576.Plutarch, quoted, iii. 146, 147, 196, 197, 198, 232, 242, 321, 391,413, 428, 435, 440, 442, 451, 461, 506—iv. 132, 420, 476, 500.Poetry, effects of, i. 166—rules of, iv. 28.Poisoning, frequent among the ancients, ii.25.Poland, state of, iii. 311.Politeness, causes of, iii. 142—character of, iv. 339,Political customs of antients and modems compared, iii. 444.Pollia and Papiria, Roman factions, iii. 59.Polybius, quoted, ii.543—iii. 20, 22, 48, 145, 292, 331, 363, 376,378, 446, 469, 480, 490, 497, 504—iv. 316, 402, 406—his theory of morals, 288.Polygamy, evils of, iii. 210.Polytheism, the most ancient religion, iv. 436, &c.—forms of, 458.Pompey, his superstition, iv. 490.Pope, Mr, iii. 14, 197, 215, 220—iv. 537Population, checks to, among the ancients, iii. 428—comparison of, among ancients and moderns, 426, 444, 448, 466—false statements of, 468.Possession, stability of, ii.274—what constitutes,278—a source of authority,338—right of, iv. 393.Power, idea of whence, i. 217—iv. 76—what, ii.46—iv. 73—an ambiguous term, 91, (Note.)Praise, pleasure arising from, ii.61.Prejudice, iii. 270—moral; iv. 543.Presbyterians, their attachment to the family of Orange,iii. 70, 79, (Note.)Presence real, absurdity of, iv. 484.Prescription, right of, ii.281.Priests, their character, iii. 83, 226, (Note)—their origin, 85.Priestcraft, ii.435.Pride, cause of, ii.19,37—when vicious;386—when essential;389—merit of, whence,391.Prior, Mr, his Alma and Solomon, ii.127—quoted, iii. 159.Priority, relation of, i. 106.Probable reasoning, what, i. 142.Probability, two kinds of, i. 170, 238—ii.103—iv. 67, 198—influence of, on the passions, ii.198—on belief, iv. 70.Proclus and Sabinus, curious dispute between, ii.287.Promise, what, and whence its obligation, ii.290,297,302—whether the foundation of allegiance,324.Proof, what, iv. 67.Property, a source of pride, ii.44—idea of, whence,260—right of, explained,282, (Note)—transference of,288—nature of,303—iv. 212—on the origin of, 391.Providence, particular, hypothetical arguments against, iv. 158.Protestant succession, advantages and disadvantages of, iii. 548,et seq.Public interest, how far a motive to justice, ii.248.Punic faith, ii.543.Pyrrhonians, their scepticism, ii.427—iv. 188.Pyrrhus, his saying of the Romans, iii. 309.Quakers, iii. 84.Qualities, occult, i. 286—sensible and primary, 294—often in the mind and not in the object, iii. 103.Queen of Spain, anecdote of, iii. 212.Quintilian, quoted, ii.363—iii. 111, 115, 223, 238—iv. 299, 343.Quintus Curtius, quoted, iii. 242, 391—iv. 453, 572.Racine, his character, iii. 220—quoted, 281—iv. 247. (Note,) 542.Raleigh, Sir Walter, iii. 552.Ramsay, Chevalier, quoted, iv. 502. (Note.)Reason, as opposed to passion, ii.166—its influence on action,222—twofold object of, iv. 32—whether the source of morals, 238, 366—contrasted with taste, 376.Reasons of state, iv. 279.Reformers, character of, ii.434.Refinement in writing, rules for, iii. 220—excess of, in taste, 223.Relation, philosophical, seven kinds of, i. 98—iv. 25.Relics, why coveted by the superstitious, i. 139—iv. 63.Religion natural, doubts upon, ii.424—consequences falsely ascribed to,538—excess of joy and terror in,544—iii. 81—iv. 498—origin of, 436.Resemblance, a principle of association, i. 99, 151—iv. 61—how far a source of pride, ii.37.Respect, whence it arises, ii.140.Retz, Cardinal, de, quoted, i. 203—iii. 572—iv. 143.Revolution of 1688, ii.346—iii. 74—reflexions on, ii.349—did not recognise the principle of popular contract, iii. 517—at Athens and Rome, 452.Rhamadan, the Turkish Lent, iv. 506.Rhodes, population of, iii. 479.Riches, why a source of pride and pleasure, ii.50, 101—iv. 213—determine the different ranks of men, ii.106—why esteemed, iv. 323.Rochefoucault, quoted, ii.177—iv. 399.Rochester, Lord, iii. 143.Rollin, quoted, ii.181.Rome, ancient, state of learning in, iii. 100, 505—its size and population, 483,et seq.(Note)—name of its tutelar deity concealed, iv. 474, (Note.)Roman soldiers, pay of, iii. 318, (Note), 446—Greek, 445.Roman history, partly fabulous, iii. 376, (Note.)Roman empire, when most flourishing, iii. 502.Roman law, a remarkable subtlety of, ii.285, (Note.)Rousseau, refuses a pension from the King of England, i. lviii, xcv—quoted, iii. 142.Sadder, morality of, iv. 505.Sallee, Prince of, quoted, iv. 486.Sallust, quoted, ii.400—iii. 104, 143, 310, 453, 486—iv. 322, 401, 497, 509.Saint Evermond, quoted, iv. 312, 329.Sannazarius, his pastorals, iv. 296.Saracens, their conquests, iii. 230.Satire, character of, i. 201.Scapulaire, religious use of, iv. 470.Sceptics, compared with the Stoics, ii.427—their disputes with the Dogmatists,537.Scepticism, with regard to reason, i. 236—iv. 181—the senses, i. 280—iv. 176—to knowledge and religion, ii;428, &c.—philosophy, iv. 32—different kinds of, 175—objections of, 186.Sciences, mathematical and moral compared, iv. 71.Scriptures, quoted, iv. 255, 404.Scriptural and traditional religion compared, iv. 492.Scythians, barbarity of, iv. 333.Seamen, pressing of, a barbarous and illegal practice, iii. 419.Seleucia, population of, iii. 492.Self, object of pride or humility, ii.36.Self-love, whether the origin of morals, iv. 289, 293—whether consistent with benevolence, 397.Selfishness, as opposed to justice, ii.264—a natural propensity,294—iii. 95.Seneca quoted, i. cxix—ii.546,—iii. 429, 438, 442—iv. 386, 453, 563.Sentiment, how far the source of morals, iv. 238, 366.Senses, whether they suggest the idea of external existence, i. 246, 250.Sensibility, iii. 3—a source both of happiness and misery, ib.Sextus Empiricus quoted, iii. 442—iv. 250, 280, 497.Shaftesbury, Lord, quoted, i. 324—iii. 42, 95, 101, 147, 415.Shakespeare quoted, iii. 251—iv. 328.Sight, informs us not of material existence, i. 249.Simonides, his answer to Hiero, ii.448.Simple ideas, whence derived, i. 18.Simplicity in writing, iii. 220.Slavery, among the ancients, iii. 428—hurtful to population, 440.Smith, Dr Adam, letter from, i. xvi.Sneezing, god of, iv. 444.Society, political, ii.317—advantages of,254—iv. 263, 278.Socrates, his character, iv. 334.Soil, fertile, not always beneficial, iii. 300.Soldier, character of, iii. 225.Solidity, idea of whence derived, i. 295.Sorbonnists, creed of, iv. 486.Sophocles, his character as a writer, iii. 220.Soul, immateriality of, i. 300—doctrine of, leads to atheism, 312—metaphysical arguments for, inconclusive, 318.Soul, immortality of, not proved by abstract reasoning, iv. 569—a doctrine of revelation, 577.Spain, population of, iii. 500.Spaniards, character of, iii. 233—politeness of, iv. 340.Sparta, prosperity of, iii. 289—laws of, 291—population of, 477, 481.Spartian, quoted, iii. 486—iv. 490.Spencer quoted, iv. 333.Spinoza, his principles examined, i. 307,et seq.Sportula, bad tendency of, iii. 502.Stanian, quoted, iii. 364.States, increased by trade, iii. 293—small, advantageous, 444.Stoics, erroneous maxims of, ii.427—iii. 137—philosophy of, 165—their views of natural evil, iv. 118—their superstition, 494.Strabo, quoted, iii. 392, 432, 472, 473, 474, 483, 488, 497, 505—iv. 449.Strength of mind, importance of, iv. 315.Stuart dynasty, fatal to the peace and prosperity of the country,iii. 554, 558.Substance, idea of, i. 33—what, 299.Succession, right of, ii.283,342—relation of, between cause and effect, i. 107.Suetonius, quoted, iii. 20, 64, 428, 432, 478, 573—iv. 453—compared with Tacitus, iv. 299.Suevi, a peculiarity of their character, iv. 332.Suicide, defended, iv. 558—not prohibited in Scripture, 567.Suidas, quoted, iii. 122, 503, (Note.)Superstition, contrasted with philosophy, i. 343—sources of, iii. 81—favourable to priestly power, 83—with regard to meats, dresses, &c. iv. 270.Surprise, its connexion withfear, ii.205.Swift, Dr, a polished writer, iii. 102—quoted, 350, 366, 459.Sybaris, number of its inhabitants, iii. 468.Sycophant, origin of the name, iii. 348.Sympathy, nature and effects of, ii.52,134,362,381—iv. 294—its influence on pride and humility, ii.57,385—on our esteem for the rich,103,107—on human happiness,108—on animals,149—on virtue and vice,379—chief source of all moral distinctions,412.Syracuse, its size and population, iii. 473.Tacitus, quoted, iii. 10, 20, 70, 130, 147, 408, 432, 437, 439, 450, 520—iv. 142, 331, 332, 462, 486, 493, 564.Tasso, quoted, iii. 161.Taste, delicacy of, iii. 4—varieties of, 256—general principles of, 264—improvement of, 268—changes of 276.Taxes, advantages and disadvantages of, iii. 365, 387—a cause of the destruction of the Roman Empire, 388—cannot be imposed by the Turkish Emperor, 389.Temple, Sir William, quoted, iii. 240, 386, 472.Terence, iii. 147, 220, 222, 275, 278.Tertullian, quoted, iii. 502.Testimony, evidence of, iv. 130.Thebes, population of, iii. 479.Thebans, their character, iii. 232.Theism, dispute concerning, ii.535—origin of, iv. 463—compared with polytheism, 474, &c.Theists, ancient, theiranima mundi, ii.475.Themistocles, project of, ii,180—saying of, iv. 415.Theocritus, iii. 469.Theology, Pagan, ii.480.Thinkers, shallow and abstruse, iii. 285.Thucydides, quoted, iii. 22, 200, 290, 363, 373, 446, 454, 463—iv. 142, 297, 479.Tillotson, his argument against transubstantiation, iv. 127.Time, idea of, whence derived, i. 56.Timoleon, his policy, iii. 447,Timon of Athens, a saying of, iv. 301.Timotheus, his hymn to Diana, iv. 500.Toleration, why generally disallowed, iii. 12, (Note)—permitted in Paganism, iv. 475.Tonquin, peculiar marriages at, iii. 206.Tory party, iii. 73—conduct of, at the Revolution, 75—properly none in Scotland, 77, (Note.)—theory of their principles, iv. 441, 548.Tournefort, quoted, iii. 211, 495.Tragedy, why a source of pleasure, iii. 248.Tranquillity, iv. 333.Transubstantiation, doctrine of, monstrous, ii:301.—iv. 273, (Note.)Tribonian, decision of, ii.287.Truth, two kinds of, ii.208—love of,213.Turks, their jealousy, iii. 211—bravery, 233, 236—government, 389.Turkish ambassador, anecdote of, iii. 210.Tycho Brahe, iii. 224.Tyrannicide, extolled by the ancients, iv. 250.Tyranny, how far it exempts from allegiance, ii.331,334.Tyrants, ancient, their cruelty, iii. 454.Tyrians, their superstitions, iv. 453.Uncertainty, a cause of fear, ii.206.Understanding, errors concerning it, i. 132—its office, ii.167—differences in, iv. 124.Union, principles of, among ideas, i. 29, 127—iv. 25.Union of 1708, advantages of, iii. 354.Unity, necessarily indivisible, i. 51—essential in poetry and history—iv. 26. (Note.)Ustariz*, Geronimo de, quoted, iii. 426.Usurpation, the foundation of almost all governments, iii. 518, 522.Utility, merit of, iv. 248—pleasure derived from, 285—whether the originof morals, 253, 293, 306.Utrecht, peace of, iii. 380.Vacuum, idea of, possible, i. 80.Vain man, description of a, ii.45.Valerius Maximus, quoted, iii. 483.Vanity, sources of, ii.40, &c.—iv. 208—a bond of union, ii.261—allied to virtue, iii. 97—when blameable, ii.387—iv. 344.Varro, quoted, iii. 432, 439.Vasa, Gustavus, iii. 70.Vauban, Mareschal, quoted, iii, 356.Velleius Paterculus, iii. 364.Venetians, their government, iii. 16—inferiority of their genius, 101.Verdelin, Marchioness de, i. xl.Verna, family slave, iii. 433, (Note.)Verney, Paris de, quoted, iii. 324.Vespasian, a miracle of, iv. 142.Vice and virtue, distinction betwixt, ii.28,270—not founded on reason but feeling,238—whence it arises,392—often confounded with talents and defects, iv. 397.Victor, Aurelius and Publius, quoted, iii. 485, 486, (Note.)Virgil, quoted, ii.191—iii. 145, 187, 220, 275—iv. 386, 501.Virgin Mary, favourite Saint of the Catholics, iv, 466.Virtues, natural, ii.365—heroic, 391—social, iv. 287, 361, 380—excellence of, 360, 363.Vis inertiæ, iv. 86,(Note.)Vitellius, Emperor, a saying of, iv. 330.Vitruvius, quoted, iii. 483, (Note.)?484.Voltaire, quoted, iii. 10.Vopiscus, quoted, iii. 480, 485, 489, 490.Vossius, quoted, iii. 485, (Note), 424.Wallace, Rev. Dr, on the numbers of mankind, iii. 421. (Note)Waller, the poet, iii. 117, 154.Walpole, Horace, letter of, to Rousseau, i. lii, cxiv.Walpole, Sir Robert, character of, iii. 30. (Note.)Whigs, iii. 73—a theory of their principles, 539.Will, definition of, ii.150—error of metaphysicians respecting,172—how far influenced by reason;166—by passion,195—its power over the body, iv. 77—in promises, 272.Wisdom, why valued, ii.403.Wit, true and false, ii.29—iv. 207—agreeable, ii.379,404—definition of, iv. 340.Wolsey, Cardinal, his insolence, iii. 146.Women, timorous and superstitious, iv,—better judges of polite writing than men, 541.Woolaston, Mr, iv. 260, (Note.)World, not eternal, ii.479—conjectures concerning its origin,491,490—iv. 454.Writing, observations on, iii. 142, 220, 261,Xenophon, quoted, iii. 22, 29, 107, 151, 375, 438, 445, 456, 465, 476,480, 497—iv. 415, 453, 475—his superstition, iv. 495, (Note.)Xerxes, his reward for a new pleasure, iii. 157—numbers in his armies, 496.Zaleucus, his laws, iv. 504.Zamolxis, iv. 470.Zealots in religion, ii.541.Zeno, school of, ii.428.Zopyrus, a general under Darius, iii. 22.Zoroaster, his religion, iv. 250.FINIS.