The Project Gutenberg eBook ofPipistrellus cinnamomeus Miller 1902 Referred to the Genus MyotisThis ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online atwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.Title: Pipistrellus cinnamomeus Miller 1902 Referred to the Genus MyotisAuthor: E. Raymond HallWalter Woelber DalquestRelease date: November 23, 2010 [eBook #34411]Most recently updated: January 7, 2021Language: EnglishCredits: Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Josephine Paolucciand the Online Distributed Proofreading Team athttps://www.pgdp.net.*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PIPISTRELLUS CINNAMOMEUS MILLER 1902 REFERRED TO THE GENUS MYOTIS ***
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online atwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
Title: Pipistrellus cinnamomeus Miller 1902 Referred to the Genus MyotisAuthor: E. Raymond HallWalter Woelber DalquestRelease date: November 23, 2010 [eBook #34411]Most recently updated: January 7, 2021Language: EnglishCredits: Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Josephine Paolucciand the Online Distributed Proofreading Team athttps://www.pgdp.net.
Title: Pipistrellus cinnamomeus Miller 1902 Referred to the Genus Myotis
Author: E. Raymond HallWalter Woelber Dalquest
Author: E. Raymond Hall
Walter Woelber Dalquest
Release date: November 23, 2010 [eBook #34411]Most recently updated: January 7, 2021
Language: English
Credits: Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Josephine Paolucciand the Online Distributed Proofreading Team athttps://www.pgdp.net.
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PIPISTRELLUS CINNAMOMEUS MILLER 1902 REFERRED TO THE GENUS MYOTIS ***
University of Kansas PublicationsMuseum of Natural HistoryVolume 1, No. 25, pp. 581-590, 5 figures in textJanuary 20, 1950University of KansasLAWRENCE1950University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural HistoryEditors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Edward H. Taylor,A. Byron Leonard, Robert W. WilsonVolume 1, No. 25, pp. 581-590, 5 figures in textJanuary 20, 1950University of KansasLawrence, KansasPRINTED BYFERD VOILAND. JR., STATE PRINTERTOPEKA, KANSAS195023-1545
Miller (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1902, p. 390, September 3,1902) based the namePipistrellus cinnamomeuson a skin and skull of a vespertilionid bat obtained on May 4, 1900, at Montecristo, Tabasco, Mexico, by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. A single specimen was available to Miller when he proposed the nameP. cinnamomeus. Dalquest and Hall (Jour. Mamm., 29:180, May 14, 1948) reported three additional specimens collected in 1946 by W. W. Dalquest on the Río Blanco, twenty kilometers west-northwest of Piedras Negras, Veracruz, Mexico. No other published information concerning this species is known to us, although the name has, of course, appeared in regional lists, for example in the "List of North American Recent Mammals, 1923" (Bull. U. S. National Museum, 128:75, April 29, 1924) by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr.
Additional specimens, nevertheless, are known. Two collected on April 18 and 20, 1903, at Papayo, Guerrero, by Nelson and Goldman, are in the Biological Surveys Collection in the United States National Museum. A skin, probably of this species, for which the skull cannot now be found, was taken on October 27, 1904, at Esquinapa, Sinaloa, by J. H. Batty and is in the American Museum of Natural History. This is the skin referred by Miller and Allen (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:100, May 25, 1928) toMyotis occultus. Three additional specimens, each a skin with skull, were collected twenty kilometers east-northeast of Jesús Carranza, at 200 feet elevation, Veracruz, by Walter W. Dalquest, two on April 13, 1949, and one on May 16 of the same year. These are in the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas, as also are the three previously reported by Dalquest and Hall (loc. cit.). A total of ten specimens, from five localities, all in Mexico, thus is accounted for.
On page 392 of the original description—which our study of the holotype shows to be accurate—Miller wrote: "This bat differs so widely from the other known American species ofPipistrellusas to need no special comparisons. Superficially it has much the appearance of an unusually redMyotis lucifugus, and only on examination of the teeth do the animal's true relationships become apparent."In referring to the teeth Miller almost certainly was thinking of the premolars of which there are only two on each side of the upper jaw and on each side of the lower jaw inPipistrellus, including hisPipistrellus cinnamomeus, whereasMyotisat that time was thought always to have three premolars on each side of both the upper and lower jaw, except in rare instances where one premolar might be lacking on one side of one jaw or even more rarely on both sides of the upper jaw. In his original description ofP. cinnamomeus, Miller mentioned also that it had the "Inner upper incisor distinctly smaller than the outer, not approximately equal to it as is the case inP. subflavus."
At this point it is well to make clear that each of the generaPipistrellusandMyotiscontains a large number of species and that the differences between the two genera are few. Our examination of American specimens reveals only one differential character: InMyotisthe outer upper incisor is distinctly larger than the inner, whereas the two incisors are of approximately equal size inPipistrellus. It may be noted that the outer upper incisor of several, but not all, species ofMyotishas a well-developed concave surface directed toward the canine whereas this surface is flat or convex inPipistrellus. In both features, the type ofPipistrellus cinnamomeusMiller agrees withMyotisand differs fromPipistrellus.
Five years after naming and describingPipistrellus cinnamomeus, Miller published his monumental work entitled "The families and genera of bats" (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 57, June 29, 1907) wherein he points out the differences in the upper incisors betweenPipistrellusandMyotis(by alapsus plumaeascribes subequal incisors toMyotisand unequal incisors toPipistrellus) but seemingly failed to reëxamineP. cinnamomeusin the light of this better understanding of the two genera, or if he did examineP. cinnamomeushe possibly was misled still by the absence of the third premolar on each side of both the upper and lower jaw.
In 1928 when Miller and Allen published their account of "The American bats of the GeneraMyotisandPizonyx" (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144, May 25, 1928) they examined specimens ofMyotis occultuswhich they implied (op. cit.: 99-100) had only two instead of three premolars on each side of both the upper and lower jaws. In preparing this taxonomic account of bats of the genusMyotis, the specimens (type and two from Papayo) ofPipistrellus cinnamomeusseem not to have been examined. Indeed, it is almost certain that they were not examined for the species was renamed; the newname,Myotis lucifugus fortidensMiller and Allen (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:54, May 25, 1928), was based on a skull with the corresponding body in alcohol. The characters of this specimen are almost exactly those ofPipistrellus cinnamomeus, named and described by Miller 26 years earlier. The type locality (Teapa) ofM. l. fortidensis 80 miles westerly from the type locality ofP. cinnamomeus; both are in the state of Tabasco, and in the same life-zone, at equivalent elevations (neither higher than 50 meters). Since there are no characters of taxonomic worth to distinguish the two named specimens,Myotis lucifugus fortidensMiller and Allen 1928 falls as a synonym ofPipistrellus cinnamomeusMiller 1902. But, according to Miller and Allen (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:19, 197),Vespertilio cinnamomeusWagner 1855 is a name based onMyotis ruber(E. Geoffroy, 1806) from Paraguay and henceMyotis cinnamomeus(Miller) 1902 is a homonym ofMyotis cinnamomeus(Wagner) 1855 and is unavailable for the animal from Montecristo when it is transferred to the genusMyotis; the species of animal concerned will take the next available name, which seems to beMyotis lucifugus fortidensMiller and Allen 1928.
It may reasonably be asked ifMyotisandPipistrellusshould be retained as separate genera if the only constant difference between the two is subequal versus unequal upper incisors. In our opinion it would be worth-while for someone who had access to adequate material from both the Old World and the New World to investigate this question. We lack adequate material from the Old World.
When Miller and Allen namedM. l. fortidensthey had only two specimens, the holotype from Teapa, Tabasco, and a referred specimen from Fort Hancock, El Paso County, Texas, approximately 1,200 miles north-northwest of Teapa. We have examined this specimen from Texas (U. S. Nat. Mus., 21083/36121, skin and skull) and regard it asMyotis lucifugus carissimaThomas. Furthermore, we regard the holotype ofMyotis lucifugus fortidensMiller and Allen 1928 as specifically distinct fromMyotis lucifugusof Miller and Allen 1928. The Cinnamon Myotis, described below, therefore may stand as:
Pipistrellus cinnamomeusMiller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 390, September 3, 1902, type from Montecristo, Tabasco (preoccupied byVespertilio cinnamomeusWagner, Schreber's Säugethiere, suppl., 5:755, 1855, a renaming ofVespertilio ruberE. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire).Myotis lucifugus fortidensMiller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:54, May 25, 1928.
Pipistrellus cinnamomeusMiller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 390, September 3, 1902, type from Montecristo, Tabasco (preoccupied byVespertilio cinnamomeusWagner, Schreber's Säugethiere, suppl., 5:755, 1855, a renaming ofVespertilio ruberE. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire).
Myotis lucifugus fortidensMiller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:54, May 25, 1928.
Type.—"Adult female (in alcohol) No. 88.8.8.18, British Museum (Natural History). Collected at Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico, by H. H. Smith, January 5, 1888. Presented by Messrs. Salvin and Godman [after Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:54, May 25, 1928]."
Range.—Known only from the lower part of the Tropical Life-zone of the region of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and east and west coasts of Mexico.
Fig. 1. Map showing localities from which Myotis fortidens has been recorded.Fig. 1. Map showing localities from which Myotis fortidens has been recorded.
Diagnosis.—Among American species of the genus, over-all size medium (total length 94 mm); body long (54); tail short (39); forearm of medium length (37); tibia short (14.5); foot long (58 per cent of length of tibia); wing membrane arising from side of foot at distal end of metatarsal; calcar simple (not keeled) and 7 mm long; ears 15 to 16 mm long measured in the flesh from the notch (posteroventral border of the meatus); tragus, measured from same place, 7 to 8 mm high with posterobasal lobe; third metacarpal longest and second metacarpal shortest; fifth shorter than fourth; ears brownish; membranes of wing and tail blackish; uropatagium almost hairless, the few hairs that are present being almost invisible; pelage of back 5 mm long with some overhairs 8 to 9 mm long; basal 3 mm of fur black, remainder Cinnamon-Brown(capitalized color terms, after Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912); outline of skull viewed dorsally similar to that ofMyotis lucifugus; sagittal crest well developed; distance across upper canines equal to or slightly exceeding interorbital constriction; braincase low; two premolars on each side in upper jaw and also in lower jaw, the one remaining small premolar in contact with both the canine and the fourth premolar.
Figs. 2-5. Four views of the skull of Myotis fortidens. No. 32112, University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, ♂, obtained 20 kilometers east-northeast Jesús Carranza, 200 feet elevation, Veracruz, Mexico, on May 16, 1949, by Walter W. Dalquest; original no. 12869. ×2.Figs. 2-5. Four views of the skull of Myotis fortidens. No. 32112, University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, ♂, obtained 20 kilometers east-northeast Jesús Carranza, 200 feet elevation, Veracruz, Mexico, on May 16, 1949, by Walter W. Dalquest; original no. 12869. ×2.
Remarks.—Myotis fortidensis known only from the Tropical Life-zone. The skin, without a skull, from Esquinapa, Sinaloa, agrees in color with the undoubted specimens ofM. fortidensfrom Papayo, Guerrero, but can be matched also by selected skins ofMyotis occultusfrom Blythe, Riverside County, California. Without the skull the reference of this specimen toM. fortidensis provisional. Reason for referring it tofortidensrather than toM. occultusis provided, however, by a series of eleven specimens ofM. occultusfrom Álamos, Sonora. These are Saccardo's Umber rather than Cinnamon-Brown and they are geographically intermediate between the reddishM. occultusof California and the reddishM. fortidensof Mexico. Furthermore, these specimens from Álamos have large skulls of slightly different proportions than those ofM. fortidensor than those ofM. occultusfrom California; possibly the animals from Álamos are representative of the larger, duller-colored variation for which Hollister proposed the nameMyotis baileyi(Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 22:44, March 10, 1909). This duller-colored type of animal intervenes between the geographic ranges of undoubtedM. occultusand undoubtedM. fortidens. The specimen from Esquinapa, in the geographic sense, is on thefortidensside rather than on theoccultusside of thebaileyipopulation. This geographic position is the basis on which the specimen from Esquinapa is referred toM. fortidens. The third premolar is lacking from each side of both the upper and the lower jaws of each individual of this series from Álamos.
The specimens ofM. fortidensare all distinguishable by their color from other kinds ofMyotisfound in the same area. Occasional individuals ofMyotis velifer, as for example three from Las Vigas, Veracruz, also are reddish but they are of brighter tone. In addition, the larger size and cranial features of these specimens ofM. veliferpermit ready differentiation of them from specimens ofM. fortidens. One specimen (No. 32113) ofM. fortidensfrom twenty kilometers east-northeast of Jesús Carranza is lighter than the others, being near (j) Cinnamon-Brown above and is lighter on the under-parts than on the upper parts. Another individual (No. 32112) is duller colored than the others, being Snuff Brown both above and below. Otherwise the specimens ofM. fortidensagree in color.
Among named kinds ofMyotis,M. fortidensresemblesMyotis lucifugusandMyotis occultus. From the former,M. fortidensdiffers in possessing a strong sagittal crest and in lacking the third premolar in both the upper jaw and the lower jaw.M. fortidenslacks the glossy sheen found on the pelage of many individuals ofM. lucifugus. FromM. occultus,M. fortidensdiffers in having the rostrum (viewed from above) smaller in relation to the braincase. This is true of specimens with the teeth showing much wear as well as in specimens with the teeth unworn or only moderately worn. Also,M. fortidensis longer bodied as may be seen by comparing the measurements given here with those recorded forM. occultusby Miller and Allen (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:100, May 25, 1928). We are agreed thatM. fortidensis as closely related toM. occultusas to any other named kind ofMyotis, and that it is more closely related to it than to most other species of the genus, but one of us (Dalquest) thinks thatM. fortidensis specifically distinct fromM. occultus, whereas the other author (Hall) inclines to the view that additional specimens from localities intermediate between the known geographic ranges ofM. occultusandM. fortidenswill reveal intergradation between the two kinds. However that may be, there is no proof at present of such intergradation and the binomial is therefore used for the Cinnamon Myotis.
Specimens examined.—Total number, 10, all from Mexico, each a skin with skull except the skin-only from Sinaloa.Sinaloa: Esquinapa, 1 (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.).Guerrero: Papayo, 2 (U. S. Biological Surveys Collection).Veracruz: 20 km. WNW Piedras Negras, 3 (Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kansas); 20 km. ENE Jesús Carranza, 200 ft. elevation, 3 (Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kansas).Tabasco: Montecristo, 1 (U. S. Biological Surveys Collection).Additional record.—Tabasco: Teapa, the holotype ofMyotis lucifugus fortidensMiller and Allen 1928.
Specimens examined.—Total number, 10, all from Mexico, each a skin with skull except the skin-only from Sinaloa.Sinaloa: Esquinapa, 1 (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.).Guerrero: Papayo, 2 (U. S. Biological Surveys Collection).Veracruz: 20 km. WNW Piedras Negras, 3 (Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kansas); 20 km. ENE Jesús Carranza, 200 ft. elevation, 3 (Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kansas).Tabasco: Montecristo, 1 (U. S. Biological Surveys Collection).
Additional record.—Tabasco: Teapa, the holotype ofMyotis lucifugus fortidensMiller and Allen 1928.
University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Lawrence, Kansas. Transmitted October 31, 1949.
No.Sex AgeLocalityGreatest lengthCondylobasal lengthZygomatic breadthInterorbital constrictionBreadth of braincaseMandibleMaxillary tooth-rowMaxillary breadth at M3Mandibular tooth-rowWear of teeth25030♂Esquinapa..............................?126650♀Papayo15.014.29.73.97.111.55.55.66.00126651♀Do.15.113.89.43.86.810.65.65.96.0017834♂P. Negras[1]....4.110.65.65.76.0017835♀Do.15.514.99.64.27.211.05.76.06.1217836♀Do.15.514.59.74.27.310.95.45.95.7332112♂J. Carranza[2]15.314.49.74.17.311.55.75.96.3132113♂Do.15.014.09.54.27.210.95.55.95.9132114♂Do.15.013.99.74.17.210.85.46.05.9188.8.8.18♀[3]Teapa15.013.89.63.87.4....5.45.85.81100231♀[4]Montecristo15.014.19.04.07.211.45.8...6.00Average15.214.29.54.07.211.05.65.96.0
[Note 1: 20 km. WNW Piedras Negras.]
[Note 2: 20 km. ENE Jesús Carranza, 200 ft.]
[Note 3: Type ofMyotis lucifugus fortidens; measurements after Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:100; 101, May 25, 1928.]
[Note 4: Type ofPipistrellus cinnamomeusMiller 1902.]
No.SexAgeLocalityTotal lengthHead and bodyTailTibiaFootForearmThumbThird metacarpalFifth metacarpalEar from notch25030♂Esquinapa......14.28.1[5]35.65.533.330.8..126650♀Papayo......14.78.2[5]38.35.435.132.4126651♀Do.......14.87.9[5]35.65.732.731.117834♂P. Negras[6]95554014.79.0[5]37.05.733.832.01517835♀Do.93553815.69.4[5]37.56.035.432.21517836♀Do.94553914.38.4[5]37.66.034.532.71532112♂J. Carranza[7]94534114.58.9[5]38.25.035.133.81632113♂Do.94573714.28.0[5]36.55.334.932.71632114♂Do.905337.......37.05.134.233.01688.8.8.18♀[8]Teapa..463915.68.038.66.234.833.0100231♀[9]Montecristo99564415.49.637.06.0........Average9453.839.414.88.637.25.634.432.415.5
[Note 5: Measured on the dried skin.]
[Note 6: 20 km. WNW Piedras Negras.]
[Note 7: 20 km. ENE Jesús Carranza.]
[Note 8: Type ofMyotis lucifugus fortidens; measurements after Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:100, 101, May 25, 1928.]
[Note 9: Type ofPipistrellus cinnamomeusMiller 1902.]
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