Footnotes.1The name of “Tooba” applied to this tree, originated in a misunderstanding of the wordsTooba lahum, “it is well with them,” or “blessedness awaits them,” in Koran xiii., 28. Some commentators tookToobafor the name of a tree.[↑]2Besides the localities already mentioned, Paradise has been located on Mount Ararat; in Persia; in Ethiopia; in the land now covered by the Caspian Sea; in a plain on the summit of Mount Taurus; in Sumatra; in the Canaries; and in the Island of Ceylon, where there is a mountain called the Peak of Adam, underneath which, according to native tradition, lie buried the remains of the first man, and whereon is shown the gigantic impress of his foot. Goropius Becanus places Paradise near the river Acesines, on the confines of India. Tertullian, Bonaventura, and Durandus affirm that it was under the Equinoctial, while another authority contends that it was situated beneath the North Pole. Virgil places the happy land of the Hyperboreans under the North Pole, and the Arctic Regions were long associated with ideas of enchantment and beauty, chiefly because of the mystery that has always enveloped these remote and unexplored regions. Peter Comestor and Moses Barcephas set Paradise in a region separated from our habitable zone by a long tract of land and sea, and elevated so that it reaches to the sphere of the moon.[↑]3Treatise on the Legend of the Sacred Wood. Vienna, 1870.[↑]4Sir John Maundevile, who visited Jerusalem about the middle of the fourteenth century, states that to the north of the Temple stood the Church of St. Anne, “oure Ladyes modre: and there was our Lady conceyved. And before that chirche is a gret tree, that began to growe the same nyght.... And in that chirche is a welle, in manere of a cisterne, that is cleptProbatica Piscina, that hath 5 entreez. Into that welle aungeles were wont to come from Hevene, and bathen hem with inne: and what man that first bathed him aftre the mevynge of the watre, was made hool of what maner sykenes that he hadde.”[↑]5In the rites appertaining to the great sacrifice in honour of the god Vishnu at the end of March, the following plants were employed, and consequently acquired a sacred character in the eyes of the Indians:—Sesamum seed, leaves of the Asvattha, Mango leaves, flowers of the Sami, Kunda flowers, the Lotus flower, Oleander flowers, Nagakesara flowers, powdered Tulasi leaves, powdered Bel leaves, leaves of the Kunda, Barley meal, meal of the Nivara grain (a wild paddy), powder of Sati leaves, Turmeric powder, meal of the Syamaka grain, powdered Ginger, powdered Priyangu seeds, Rice meal, powder of Bel leaves, powder of the leaves of the Amblic Myrobalan, and Kangni seed meal.—An Imperial Assemblage at Delhi Three Thousand Years Ago.[↑]6‘Voyage du Jeune Anacharsis en Grèce, vers le milieu du quatrième siècle avant l’ere vulgaire.’[↑]7For further details of the rites of St John’s Eve, see Part II., under the heads “Fern,” “Hemp,” and “Moss-Rose.”[↑]8See legend in Part II., under the head of “Clover.”[↑]9The legend is given in Part II., under the heading “Laurel.”[↑]10Contemporary Review, Vol. xxxi., p. 520.[↑]11‘The Land of the Veda,’ by Rev. P. Percival.[↑]12Further details will be found in the succeeding chapter.[↑]13Early Greek writers describe Circe as the daughter of Sol and Perseis, and Medea as her niece.[↑]14The names of certain of these demons will be found in the previous chapter.[↑]15‘All the Year Round,’ Vol. xiii.[↑]16‘Plant Symbolism,’ in ‘Natural History Notes,’ Vol. II.[↑]17The garden of Proserpina.[↑]
1The name of “Tooba” applied to this tree, originated in a misunderstanding of the wordsTooba lahum, “it is well with them,” or “blessedness awaits them,” in Koran xiii., 28. Some commentators tookToobafor the name of a tree.[↑]
1The name of “Tooba” applied to this tree, originated in a misunderstanding of the wordsTooba lahum, “it is well with them,” or “blessedness awaits them,” in Koran xiii., 28. Some commentators tookToobafor the name of a tree.[↑]
2Besides the localities already mentioned, Paradise has been located on Mount Ararat; in Persia; in Ethiopia; in the land now covered by the Caspian Sea; in a plain on the summit of Mount Taurus; in Sumatra; in the Canaries; and in the Island of Ceylon, where there is a mountain called the Peak of Adam, underneath which, according to native tradition, lie buried the remains of the first man, and whereon is shown the gigantic impress of his foot. Goropius Becanus places Paradise near the river Acesines, on the confines of India. Tertullian, Bonaventura, and Durandus affirm that it was under the Equinoctial, while another authority contends that it was situated beneath the North Pole. Virgil places the happy land of the Hyperboreans under the North Pole, and the Arctic Regions were long associated with ideas of enchantment and beauty, chiefly because of the mystery that has always enveloped these remote and unexplored regions. Peter Comestor and Moses Barcephas set Paradise in a region separated from our habitable zone by a long tract of land and sea, and elevated so that it reaches to the sphere of the moon.[↑]
2Besides the localities already mentioned, Paradise has been located on Mount Ararat; in Persia; in Ethiopia; in the land now covered by the Caspian Sea; in a plain on the summit of Mount Taurus; in Sumatra; in the Canaries; and in the Island of Ceylon, where there is a mountain called the Peak of Adam, underneath which, according to native tradition, lie buried the remains of the first man, and whereon is shown the gigantic impress of his foot. Goropius Becanus places Paradise near the river Acesines, on the confines of India. Tertullian, Bonaventura, and Durandus affirm that it was under the Equinoctial, while another authority contends that it was situated beneath the North Pole. Virgil places the happy land of the Hyperboreans under the North Pole, and the Arctic Regions were long associated with ideas of enchantment and beauty, chiefly because of the mystery that has always enveloped these remote and unexplored regions. Peter Comestor and Moses Barcephas set Paradise in a region separated from our habitable zone by a long tract of land and sea, and elevated so that it reaches to the sphere of the moon.[↑]
3Treatise on the Legend of the Sacred Wood. Vienna, 1870.[↑]
3Treatise on the Legend of the Sacred Wood. Vienna, 1870.[↑]
4Sir John Maundevile, who visited Jerusalem about the middle of the fourteenth century, states that to the north of the Temple stood the Church of St. Anne, “oure Ladyes modre: and there was our Lady conceyved. And before that chirche is a gret tree, that began to growe the same nyght.... And in that chirche is a welle, in manere of a cisterne, that is cleptProbatica Piscina, that hath 5 entreez. Into that welle aungeles were wont to come from Hevene, and bathen hem with inne: and what man that first bathed him aftre the mevynge of the watre, was made hool of what maner sykenes that he hadde.”[↑]
4Sir John Maundevile, who visited Jerusalem about the middle of the fourteenth century, states that to the north of the Temple stood the Church of St. Anne, “oure Ladyes modre: and there was our Lady conceyved. And before that chirche is a gret tree, that began to growe the same nyght.... And in that chirche is a welle, in manere of a cisterne, that is cleptProbatica Piscina, that hath 5 entreez. Into that welle aungeles were wont to come from Hevene, and bathen hem with inne: and what man that first bathed him aftre the mevynge of the watre, was made hool of what maner sykenes that he hadde.”[↑]
5In the rites appertaining to the great sacrifice in honour of the god Vishnu at the end of March, the following plants were employed, and consequently acquired a sacred character in the eyes of the Indians:—Sesamum seed, leaves of the Asvattha, Mango leaves, flowers of the Sami, Kunda flowers, the Lotus flower, Oleander flowers, Nagakesara flowers, powdered Tulasi leaves, powdered Bel leaves, leaves of the Kunda, Barley meal, meal of the Nivara grain (a wild paddy), powder of Sati leaves, Turmeric powder, meal of the Syamaka grain, powdered Ginger, powdered Priyangu seeds, Rice meal, powder of Bel leaves, powder of the leaves of the Amblic Myrobalan, and Kangni seed meal.—An Imperial Assemblage at Delhi Three Thousand Years Ago.[↑]
5In the rites appertaining to the great sacrifice in honour of the god Vishnu at the end of March, the following plants were employed, and consequently acquired a sacred character in the eyes of the Indians:—Sesamum seed, leaves of the Asvattha, Mango leaves, flowers of the Sami, Kunda flowers, the Lotus flower, Oleander flowers, Nagakesara flowers, powdered Tulasi leaves, powdered Bel leaves, leaves of the Kunda, Barley meal, meal of the Nivara grain (a wild paddy), powder of Sati leaves, Turmeric powder, meal of the Syamaka grain, powdered Ginger, powdered Priyangu seeds, Rice meal, powder of Bel leaves, powder of the leaves of the Amblic Myrobalan, and Kangni seed meal.—An Imperial Assemblage at Delhi Three Thousand Years Ago.[↑]
6‘Voyage du Jeune Anacharsis en Grèce, vers le milieu du quatrième siècle avant l’ere vulgaire.’[↑]
6‘Voyage du Jeune Anacharsis en Grèce, vers le milieu du quatrième siècle avant l’ere vulgaire.’[↑]
7For further details of the rites of St John’s Eve, see Part II., under the heads “Fern,” “Hemp,” and “Moss-Rose.”[↑]
7For further details of the rites of St John’s Eve, see Part II., under the heads “Fern,” “Hemp,” and “Moss-Rose.”[↑]
8See legend in Part II., under the head of “Clover.”[↑]
8See legend in Part II., under the head of “Clover.”[↑]
9The legend is given in Part II., under the heading “Laurel.”[↑]
9The legend is given in Part II., under the heading “Laurel.”[↑]
10Contemporary Review, Vol. xxxi., p. 520.[↑]
10Contemporary Review, Vol. xxxi., p. 520.[↑]
11‘The Land of the Veda,’ by Rev. P. Percival.[↑]
11‘The Land of the Veda,’ by Rev. P. Percival.[↑]
12Further details will be found in the succeeding chapter.[↑]
12Further details will be found in the succeeding chapter.[↑]
13Early Greek writers describe Circe as the daughter of Sol and Perseis, and Medea as her niece.[↑]
13Early Greek writers describe Circe as the daughter of Sol and Perseis, and Medea as her niece.[↑]
14The names of certain of these demons will be found in the previous chapter.[↑]
14The names of certain of these demons will be found in the previous chapter.[↑]
15‘All the Year Round,’ Vol. xiii.[↑]
15‘All the Year Round,’ Vol. xiii.[↑]
16‘Plant Symbolism,’ in ‘Natural History Notes,’ Vol. II.[↑]
16‘Plant Symbolism,’ in ‘Natural History Notes,’ Vol. II.[↑]
17The garden of Proserpina.[↑]
17The garden of Proserpina.[↑]
Index to Legends and Myths.Acis and Galatea,532Adam, Eve, the Wolf, and the Dog,362Adam’s Tree,303Ajax,404Albertus Magnus,133Ali Baba and the Sesame,544Amaracus,433Amaranthus,212Andromeda,214Arabian Priests and Cinnamon,283Argonauts,81,249Arjuna, the Betel Thief,251Aroth, Maroth, and the Beauty,577Aspen and the Flight into Egypt,230Aspen and thePassion,229Aspic and Balm-tree,239Asses and Hemlock,145Atalanta and Hippomenes,218Atys and Agdistis,210Atys andCybele,495Baldr and the Mistletoe,440Balm Trees of Cairo,124Bachelier and the Anemone,216Bacchus and the Pomegranate,499Batou and the Cedar,275Bertram and the Heartsease,484Birth of Vishnu,241Blacksmith changed to a Bear,250Bonze and the Mouse,513Bosworth Field,360Buddha,4,420,491Buddhaand Mâra,4Bushman Rice,514Callimachus and the Acanthus,206Calchas and Mopsus,335Ceres and Proserpine,504Chang Ching and the Fairy,449Charlemagne and the Thistle,269Chinese Trees of Love,274Clairon and the Violets,581Clovis,387Clytie and Phœbus,365Cosmogonic Lotus,419Cossacks and Tartars,286Crocus and Smilax,299Crown Imperial,347Cyanus and the Cornflower,277Cyparissus,302Czekanka,326Danes and the Thistle,562Daphne and Phœbus,404Daughter of the Laurel,408Death of Buddha,539Devil and Blackberries,258Devil andthe Oats,472Devil andthe Reed,512Devil’s Brother,451Dewadat and Buddha,268Diarmuid and Grainne,531Duke of Tuscany’s Gardener,392Dryope,417Earl of Essex’s Horses,445Elm of Ethiopia,131Emperor of China,447Envious Sisters,436Erisichthon,77Esthonian Peasant,254Eugénie and Napoleon III.,581Eve and the Snowdrop,546Fairy Wife,356FairyWidower,333Faithful Wife,551Falcon and Soma,439Fatal Elopement,582Father Garnet’s Straw,134Fig of Paradise,127Fir-tree Elf,65First Roses,515Flora and Zephyr,215Forget-me-not,342Fulke and the Plantagenets,260Garden of the Lower Regions,223Gefroi and the Broom,260Glastonbury Thorn,352Glaucus,541Golden Apples,477Grey Horse,265Hanpang and Ho,274Hercules and Cerberus,442Holy Family and Date Palm,312HolyRose of Jericho,528Honor Garrigan and the Blackberries,259Hoopoe and Springwort,142Hop-o’-my-Thumb,263Hulda and the Selige Fräulein,340Hyacinthus,383Ianthis,578Ice Mountain,223Iduna and the Apples,217Indra and Namuchi,207Io,578Iosbert,519Isabella and the Basil,246Iseult and Tristan,389Isis and Osiris,560James, Duke of Monmouth,257Jehanghir and Attar of Roses,521Jesus Christ and the Broom,260Jesus Christ and theApples,222Juno and Hercules,397,412Jussieu and the Cedar,274Kang Wou and the Cassia,271Khatties, The,116King Midas and the Barber,511KingOswald and the Moss,445Kissos,388La Cour and the Tuberose,568Ladislas and the Plague,350Laurel Maiden,75Leucothea,346Lieschi, the Geni of the Forest,253Life-giving Herb,144Lords of Linden,416Lotus and Priapus,417Luckflower,112Lycurgus and the Cabbage,264Macbeth and Sweno,546Magic Fern-seed,330MagicFlute,431MagicMustard-seed,453MagicPumpkin,507MagicThistle,562MagicViolin-bow,81Main de Gloire,428Malvina and Oscar,308Mandrake,426Maria Theresa and the Camellia,266Maschia and Maschiäna,301McDonough’s Baby,361Melampus and Hellebore,368Melius and the Apple,218Mercury and his Rod,362Mexican Water Age,435Mignonette,437Milkmaid and Enchanted Cow,288Millet-thief,438Milto,518Minerva and the Olive,473Monastery of St. Christine,257Murdered Virgin,591Myrene,454Myrrha,453Narcissus,457Novice and the Styrax,131Oak of Signa,469Olive-bearing Birds,143Ominous Red Rose,199Orchis and Acolasia,478Origin of the Tea-shrub,561Orpheus and the Elms,323Osmund and the Danes,479Pæon and Æsculapius,493Pæonia and Phœbus,493Parizataco,534Pales and the Fishermen,209Pelops and Myrtillus,252Pélé, Goddess of the Volcano,585Perkun and the Deluge,583Phaethon and the Heliades,502Philemon and Baucis,414Phyllis and Demophoon,210Picts and Heather Beer,365Pilgrim and the Palm,481Polydorus and Polymnestor,295Postomani,505Prophetic Trees of Basle,198Proserpine and the Pomegranate,500Pyramus and Thisbe,447Pythagoras and the Beans,247Queen Christiania’s Diamonds,213Queenof Sheba and Solomon,18,19,303Queenof the Serpents,451Ranunculus,510Rhodanthe,515Rhœcus and Jupiter,463Rosa Marina,527Rose and the Sun,516RoseElf,66Roseof Bakawali,570Rübezahl,509Russalka and Basilek,278Sacaibu and the First Men,296Santon Akyazli,381Sappho and Phaon,327Satan and the Eglantine,317Sâvitri,65Seth and the Angel,18,19Seven Oaks,471SevenSisters,324Shepherd of Ilsenstein,552Shepherdess and the Oak,468Side,500Sister of the Flowers,76Sivika and the Magic Wheat,293Stone Tree,126St. Benedict and Antidotes to Poison,374St. Benedict and the Rose-briar,525St. Brigid,468St. Cecilia,133St. Christopher,482St. Dorothea,133,222St. Dunstan and the Devil,223St. Dunstan and the Apple-trees,223St. Elizabeth of Hungary,133,519St. Francis of Assisi,519St. Leonard and the Dragon,414St. Margaret of Cortona,432St. Martin’s Yew,591St. Patrick and the Shamrock,545St. Peter’s Mother,410St. Rosa di Lima,519St. Serf,219St. Thomas and the Madonna,413St. Thomas and his Tree,130Syrinx and Pan,559Thlaspis,268Thorn of Cawdor Castle,362Titteli Ture,555Tree of Adam,17,19Tree ofTiberias,132Trees and the Cross,386Treesand the Crucifixion,48Treesand their Monarch,474Treesof the Sun and Moon,123Ulysses and the Lotos Eaters,418Ulyssesand the Moly,442Venus and Adonis,214,341,411Venus andthe Rose,516Venus andthe Violet Nymphs,579Venus’ Mirror,267Veronica,550Vertumnus and the Nymph,307Virgin Mary and St. John,483Virgin Mary andthe Cherry-tree,279Virgin Mary andthe Fig-tree,558Virgin Mary andthe Juniper,395Virgin Mary andthe Lupine,423Virgin Mary andthe Orange-tree,478Virgin Mary andthe Palm,481Virgin Mary andthe Pine,496Virgin Mary andthe Rosemary,526Virgin Mary andthe Strawberry,556Walnut-tree of Benevento,584Wandering Jew,238Wang Chih and the Date-stone,312Watcher of the Roads,325,498Water Lily of Paradise,463White Maidens of the Fichtelgebirge,556Wild Woman and the Shepherdess,253William the Conqueror,533Willow Nymph,81Witches and Alder Wood,209Withered Tree of the Sun,130,131Wonderful Linden-tree,415Woodpecker and the Spring-wort,141,551World of the Lower Regions,577Xerxes and the Plane-tree,497Zoroaster,521