No. XXIII.

April 16, 1798.

We cannot better explain to our readers the design of the poem from which the following extracts are taken, than by borrowing the expressions of the author, Mr.Higgins, ofSt. Mary Axe, in the letter which accompanied the manuscript.

We must premise, that we had found ourselves called upon to remonstrate with Mr. H. on the freedom of some of the positions laid down in his other didactic poem, the “Progress of Man”; and had in the course of our remonstrance hinted something to the disadvantage of thenew principleswhich are now afloat in the world, and which are, in our opinion, working so much prejudice to the happiness of mankind. To this Mr. H. takes occasion to reply—[195]

“What you call thenew principlesare, in fact, nothing less thannew. They are the principles of primeval nature, the system of original and unadulterated man.

“If you mean by my addiction tonew principlesthat the object which I have in view in my larger work [meaning the ‘Progress of Man’] and in the several otherconcomitantandsubsidiarydidactic poems which are necessary to complete my plan, is to restore this first, and pure simplicity; to rescue and to recover the interesting nakedness of human nature, by ridding her of the cumbrous establishments which the folly, and pride, and self-interest of the worst part of our species have heaped upon her;—you are right. Such is my object. I do not disavow it. Nor is it mine alone. There are abundance of abler hands at work upon it.Encyclopedias,Treatises,Novels,Magazines,Reviews, andNew Annual Registers, have, as you are well aware, done their part with activity and with effect. It remained to bring theheavyartillery of a didactic poem to bear upon the same object.

“If I have selected your paper as the channel for conveying my labours to the public, it was not because I was unaware of the hostility of your principles to mine, of the bigotry of your attachment to ‘things as they are,’ but because, I will fairly own, I found some sort of cover and disguise necessary for securing the favourable reception of my sentiments; the usual pretexts of humanity, and philanthropy, and fine feeling, by which we have for some time obtained a passport to the hearts and understandings of men, being now worn out or exploded. I could not choose but smile at my success in the first instance, in inducingyouto adopt my poem as your own.

“But you have called for an explanation of these principles of ours, and you have a right to obtain it.Our first principle is, then—the reverse of the trite and dull maxim of Pope—‘Whatever is, is right’. We contend, that ‘Whatever is, is wrong’; that institutions, civil and religious, that social order (as it is called inyourcant) and regular government, and law, and I know not what other fantastic inventions, are but so many cramps and fetters on the free agency of man’snatural intellectandmoral sensibility; so many badges of his degradation from the primal purity and excellence of his nature.

“Our second principle is, the ‘eternal and absolute perfectibility of man’. We contend, that if, as is demonstrable, we have risen from a level with thecabbages of the fieldto our present comparatively intelligent and dignified state of existence, by the mere exertion of our ownenergies; we should, if theseenergieswere not repressed and subdued by the operation of prejudice, and folly, byKing-CraftandPriest-Craft, and the other evils incident to what is called civilized society, continue to exert and expand ourselves in a proportion infinitely greater than anything of which we yet have any notion:—in aratiohardly capable of being calculated by any science of which we are now masters: but which would in time raise man from his present biped state to a rank more worthy of his endowments and aspirations; to a rank in which he would be, as it were,allMind; would enjoy unclouded perspicacity and perpetual vitality; feed onoxygene, and never die, butby his own consent.

“But though the poem of theProgress of Manalone would be sufficient to teach this system and enforce these doctrines, the whole practical effect ofthem cannot be expected to be produced, but by the gradual perfecting of each of the sublimer sciences;—at the husk and shell of which we are now nibbling and at the kernel whereof, in our present state, we cannot hope to arrive. These several sciences will be the subjects of the severalauxiliaryDidactic Poemswhich I have now in hand (one of which, entitledThe Loves of the Triangles, I herewith transmit to you), and for the better arrangement and execution of which, I beseech you to direct your bookseller to furnish me with a handsome Chambers’s Dictionary; in order that I may be enabled to go through the several articles alphabetically, beginning withAbracadabra, under the first letter, and going down toZodiac, which is to be found under the last.

“I am persuaded that there is no science, however abstruse, nay, no trade or manufacture, which may not be taught by a didactic poem. In that before you, an attempt is made (not unsuccessfully, I hope) toenlist the imagination under the banners of Geometry.BotanyI found done to my hands. And though the more rigid and unbending stiffness of a mathematical subject does not admit of the same appeals to the warmer passions, which naturally arise out of thesexual(or, as I have heard several worthy gentlewomen of my acquaintance, who delight much in the poem to which I allude, term it, by a slight misnomer no way difficult to be accounted for—thesensual) system of Linnæus;—yet I trust that the range and variety of illustration with which I have endeavoured to ornament and enlighten the arid truths of Euclid and Algebra, will be found to have smoothed the road of Demonstration, to have softened the ruggedfeatures of Elementary Propositions, and, as it were, to have strewed theAsses’ Bridgewith flowers.”

Such is the account which Mr.Higginsgives of his own undertaking, and of the motives which have led him to it. For our parts, though we have not the same sanguine persuasion of theabsolute perfectibilityof our species, and are in truth liable to the imputation of being more satisfied withthings as they are, than Mr.Higginsand his associates;—yet, as we are, in at least the same proportion, less convinced of the practical influence of didactic poems, we apprehend little danger to our readers’ morals from laying before them Mr.Higgins’sdoctrine in its most fascinating shape. The poem abounds, indeed, with beauties of the most striking kind,—various and vivid imagery, bold and unsparing impersonifications; and similitudes and illustrations brought from the most ordinary and the most extraordinary occurrences of nature—from history and fable—appealing equally to the heart and to the understanding, and calculated to make the subject of which the poem professes to treat rather amusing than intelligible. We shall be agreeably surprised to hear that it has assisted any young student at either University in his mathematical studies.

We need hardly add, that the plates illustrative of this poem (the engravings of which would have been too expensive for our publication) are to be found in Euclid’s Elements, and other books of a similar tendency.

LOVES OF THE TRIANGLES.[196]ARGUMENT OF THE FIRST CANTO.

Warning to the profane not to approach—Nymphs and Deities of Mathematical Mythology—Cyclois of a pensive turn—Pendulums, on the contrary, playful—and why?—Sentimental Union of the Naiads and Hydrostatics—Marriage of Euclid and Algebra.—Pulley the emblem of Mechanics—Optics of a licentious disposition—distinguished by her telescope and green spectacles.—Hyde-Park Gate on a Sunday morning—Cockneys—Coaches.—Didactic Poetry—Nonsensia—Love delights in Angles or Corners—Theory of Fluxions explained—Trochais, the Nymph of the Wheel—Smoke-Jack described—Personification of elementary or culinary Fire.—Little Jack Horner—Story of Cinderella—Rectangle, a Magician, educated by Plato and Menecmus—in love with Three Curves at the same time—served by Gins, or Genii—transforms himself into a Cone—the Three Curves requite his passion—Description of them—Parabola, Hyperbola, and Ellipsis—Asymptotes—Conjugated Axes.—Illustrations—Rewbell, Barras, and Lepaux, the three virtuous Directors—Macbeth and the Three Witches—the Three Fates—the Three Graces—King Lear and his Three Daughters—Derby Diligence—Catherine Wheel.—Catastrophe of Mr. Gingham, with his Wife and Three Daughters overturned in a One-horse Chaise—Dislocation and Contusion two kindred Fiends—Mail Coaches—Exhortation to Drivers to be careful—Genius of the Post-Office—Invention of Letters—Digamma—Double Letters—Remarkable Direction of one—Hippona the Goddess of Hack-horses—Parameter and Abscissa unite to overpower the Ordinate, who retreats down the Axis-Major, and forms himself in a Square—Isosceles, a Giant—Dr. Rhomboides—Fifth Proposition, or Asses’ Bridge—Bridge of Lodi—Buonaparte—Raft and Windmills—Exhortation to the recovery of our Freedom—Conclusion.

THE LOVES OF THE TRIANGLES.A Mathematical and Philosophical Poem,INSCRIBED TO DR. DARWIN.

CANTO I.Stay your rude steps, or e’er your feet invade[197]The Muses’ haunts, ye sons of War and Trade!Nor you, ye legion fiends of Church and Law,Pollute these pages with unhallow’d paw!Debased, corrupted, grovelling, and confined,5NoDefinitions[198]touchyoursenseless mind;ToyounoPostulates[199]prefer their claim,No ardentAxioms[200]yourdull souls inflame;ForyounoTangents[201]touch, noAnglesmeet,NoCircles[202]join in osculation[203]sweet!10Forme, yeCissoids,[204]round my temples bendYour wandering curves; yeConchoids[205]extend;Let playfulPendulesquick vibration feel,While silentCycloisrests upon her wheel;LetHydrostatics,[206]simpering as they go,15Lead the light Naiads on fantastic toe;Let shrillAcoustics[207]tune the tiny lyre;WithEuclidsage fairAlgebra[208]conspire;The obedient pulley[209]strongMechanicsply,And wantonOpticsroll the melting eye!20I see the fair fantastic forms appear,The flaunting drapery, and the languid leer;Fair sylphish forms[210]—who, tall, erect, and slim,Dart the keen glance, and stretch the length of limb;To viewless harpings weave the meanless dance,25Wave the gay wreath, and titter as they prance.Such rich confusion[211]charms the ravish’d sight,When vernal Sabbaths to the Park invite.Mounts the thick dust, the coaches crowd along,Presses round Grosvenor Gate th’ impatient throng;30White-muslined misses and mammas are seen,Linked with gay cockneys, glittering o’er the green:The rising breeze unnumbered charms displays,And the tight ankle strikes th’ astonished gaze.But chief, thou Nurse of the Didactic Muse,35DivineNonsensia, all thy soul infuse;The charms ofSecantsand ofTangentstell,How Loves and Graces in anAngle[212]dwell;How slow progressivePoints[213]protract theLine,As pendent spiders spin the filmy twine;40How lengthenedLines, impetuous sweeping round,Spread the widePlane, and mark its circling bound;HowPlanes, their substance with their motion grown,Form the hugeCube, theCylinder, theCone.Lo! where the chimney’s sooty tube ascends,45The fairTrochais[214]from the corner bends!Her coal-black eyes upturned, incessant markThe eddying smoke, quick flame, and volant spark;Mark with quick ken, where flashing in between,Her much-lovedSmoke-Jackglimmers thro’ the scene;50Mark, how his various parts together tend,Point to one purpose,—in one object end;The spiralgroovesin smooth meanders flow,Drags the longchain, the polished axles glow,While slowly circumvolves the piece of beef below;55The conscious fire[215]with bickering radiance burns,Eyes the rich joint, and roasts it as it turns.So youthful Horner rolled the roguish eye,Cull’d the dark plum from out his Christmas pie,And cried, in self-applause—“How good a boy am I”.60So she, sad victim of domestic spite,Fair Cinderella, pass’d the wintry night,In the lone chimney’s darksome nook immured,Her form disfigured, and her charms obscured.Sudden her godmother appears in sight,65Lifts the charmed rod, and chants the mystic rite.The chanted rite the maid attentive hears,And feels new ear-rings deck her listening ears;[216]While ’midst her towering tresses, aptly set,Shines bright, with quivering glance, the smart aigrette;70Brocaded silks the splendid dress complete,And the Glass Slipper grasps her fairy feet.Six cock-tailed mice[217]transport her to the ball,And liveried lizards wait upon her call.Alas! that partial Science should approveThe slyRectangle’stoo licentious love!Forthreebright nymphs, &c., &c.

CANTO I.

Stay your rude steps, or e’er your feet invade[197]The Muses’ haunts, ye sons of War and Trade!Nor you, ye legion fiends of Church and Law,Pollute these pages with unhallow’d paw!Debased, corrupted, grovelling, and confined,5NoDefinitions[198]touchyoursenseless mind;ToyounoPostulates[199]prefer their claim,No ardentAxioms[200]yourdull souls inflame;ForyounoTangents[201]touch, noAnglesmeet,NoCircles[202]join in osculation[203]sweet!10

Stay your rude steps, or e’er your feet invade[197]

The Muses’ haunts, ye sons of War and Trade!

Nor you, ye legion fiends of Church and Law,

Pollute these pages with unhallow’d paw!

Debased, corrupted, grovelling, and confined,

NoDefinitions[198]touchyoursenseless mind;

ToyounoPostulates[199]prefer their claim,

No ardentAxioms[200]yourdull souls inflame;

ForyounoTangents[201]touch, noAnglesmeet,

NoCircles[202]join in osculation[203]sweet!

Forme, yeCissoids,[204]round my temples bendYour wandering curves; yeConchoids[205]extend;Let playfulPendulesquick vibration feel,While silentCycloisrests upon her wheel;LetHydrostatics,[206]simpering as they go,15Lead the light Naiads on fantastic toe;Let shrillAcoustics[207]tune the tiny lyre;WithEuclidsage fairAlgebra[208]conspire;The obedient pulley[209]strongMechanicsply,And wantonOpticsroll the melting eye!20

Forme, yeCissoids,[204]round my temples bend

Your wandering curves; yeConchoids[205]extend;

Let playfulPendulesquick vibration feel,

While silentCycloisrests upon her wheel;

LetHydrostatics,[206]simpering as they go,

Lead the light Naiads on fantastic toe;

Let shrillAcoustics[207]tune the tiny lyre;

WithEuclidsage fairAlgebra[208]conspire;

The obedient pulley[209]strongMechanicsply,

And wantonOpticsroll the melting eye!

I see the fair fantastic forms appear,The flaunting drapery, and the languid leer;Fair sylphish forms[210]—who, tall, erect, and slim,Dart the keen glance, and stretch the length of limb;To viewless harpings weave the meanless dance,25Wave the gay wreath, and titter as they prance.

I see the fair fantastic forms appear,

The flaunting drapery, and the languid leer;

Fair sylphish forms[210]—who, tall, erect, and slim,

Dart the keen glance, and stretch the length of limb;

To viewless harpings weave the meanless dance,

Wave the gay wreath, and titter as they prance.

Such rich confusion[211]charms the ravish’d sight,When vernal Sabbaths to the Park invite.Mounts the thick dust, the coaches crowd along,Presses round Grosvenor Gate th’ impatient throng;30White-muslined misses and mammas are seen,Linked with gay cockneys, glittering o’er the green:The rising breeze unnumbered charms displays,And the tight ankle strikes th’ astonished gaze.

Such rich confusion[211]charms the ravish’d sight,

When vernal Sabbaths to the Park invite.

Mounts the thick dust, the coaches crowd along,

Presses round Grosvenor Gate th’ impatient throng;

White-muslined misses and mammas are seen,

Linked with gay cockneys, glittering o’er the green:

The rising breeze unnumbered charms displays,

And the tight ankle strikes th’ astonished gaze.

But chief, thou Nurse of the Didactic Muse,35DivineNonsensia, all thy soul infuse;The charms ofSecantsand ofTangentstell,How Loves and Graces in anAngle[212]dwell;How slow progressivePoints[213]protract theLine,As pendent spiders spin the filmy twine;40How lengthenedLines, impetuous sweeping round,Spread the widePlane, and mark its circling bound;HowPlanes, their substance with their motion grown,Form the hugeCube, theCylinder, theCone.

But chief, thou Nurse of the Didactic Muse,

DivineNonsensia, all thy soul infuse;

The charms ofSecantsand ofTangentstell,

How Loves and Graces in anAngle[212]dwell;

How slow progressivePoints[213]protract theLine,

As pendent spiders spin the filmy twine;

How lengthenedLines, impetuous sweeping round,

Spread the widePlane, and mark its circling bound;

HowPlanes, their substance with their motion grown,

Form the hugeCube, theCylinder, theCone.

Lo! where the chimney’s sooty tube ascends,45The fairTrochais[214]from the corner bends!Her coal-black eyes upturned, incessant markThe eddying smoke, quick flame, and volant spark;Mark with quick ken, where flashing in between,Her much-lovedSmoke-Jackglimmers thro’ the scene;50Mark, how his various parts together tend,Point to one purpose,—in one object end;The spiralgroovesin smooth meanders flow,Drags the longchain, the polished axles glow,While slowly circumvolves the piece of beef below;55The conscious fire[215]with bickering radiance burns,Eyes the rich joint, and roasts it as it turns.

Lo! where the chimney’s sooty tube ascends,

The fairTrochais[214]from the corner bends!

Her coal-black eyes upturned, incessant mark

The eddying smoke, quick flame, and volant spark;

Mark with quick ken, where flashing in between,

Her much-lovedSmoke-Jackglimmers thro’ the scene;

Mark, how his various parts together tend,

Point to one purpose,—in one object end;

The spiralgroovesin smooth meanders flow,

Drags the longchain, the polished axles glow,

While slowly circumvolves the piece of beef below;

The conscious fire[215]with bickering radiance burns,

Eyes the rich joint, and roasts it as it turns.

So youthful Horner rolled the roguish eye,Cull’d the dark plum from out his Christmas pie,And cried, in self-applause—“How good a boy am I”.60

So youthful Horner rolled the roguish eye,

Cull’d the dark plum from out his Christmas pie,

And cried, in self-applause—“How good a boy am I”.

So she, sad victim of domestic spite,Fair Cinderella, pass’d the wintry night,In the lone chimney’s darksome nook immured,Her form disfigured, and her charms obscured.Sudden her godmother appears in sight,65Lifts the charmed rod, and chants the mystic rite.The chanted rite the maid attentive hears,And feels new ear-rings deck her listening ears;[216]While ’midst her towering tresses, aptly set,Shines bright, with quivering glance, the smart aigrette;70Brocaded silks the splendid dress complete,And the Glass Slipper grasps her fairy feet.Six cock-tailed mice[217]transport her to the ball,And liveried lizards wait upon her call.Alas! that partial Science should approveThe slyRectangle’stoo licentious love!Forthreebright nymphs, &c., &c.

So she, sad victim of domestic spite,

Fair Cinderella, pass’d the wintry night,

In the lone chimney’s darksome nook immured,

Her form disfigured, and her charms obscured.

Sudden her godmother appears in sight,

Lifts the charmed rod, and chants the mystic rite.

The chanted rite the maid attentive hears,

And feels new ear-rings deck her listening ears;[216]

While ’midst her towering tresses, aptly set,

Shines bright, with quivering glance, the smart aigrette;

Brocaded silks the splendid dress complete,

And the Glass Slipper grasps her fairy feet.

Six cock-tailed mice[217]transport her to the ball,

And liveried lizards wait upon her call.

Alas! that partial Science should approve

The slyRectangle’stoo licentious love!

Forthreebright nymphs, &c., &c.

(To be continued.)

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