THE SCIENCE OF MECHANICS.

A CRITICAL AND HISTORICAL EXPOSITION OF ITS PRINCIPLES.

By DR. ERNST MACH.

PROFESSOR OF THE HISTORY AND THEORY OF INDUCTIVE SCIENCE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA.

Translated from the Second German EditionBy THOMAS J. McCORMACK.

250 Cuts. 534 Pages. Half Morocco, Gilt Top, Marginal Analyses.Exhaustive Index. Price $2.50.

Statics.

Dynamics.

The Extension of the Principles of Mechanics.

Formal Development of Mechanics.

The Relation of Mechanics to Other Departments of Knowledge.

"The appearance of a translation into English of this remarkable book should serve to revivify in this country [England] the somewhat stagnating treatment of its subject, and should call up the thoughts which puzzle us when we think of them, and that is not sufficiently often.... Professor Mach is a striking instance of the combination of great mathematical knowledge with experimental skill, as exemplified not only by the elegant illustrations of mechanical principles which abound in this treatise, but also from his brilliant experiments on the photography of bullets.... A careful study of Professor Mach's work, and a treatment with more experimental illustration, on the lines laid down in the interesting diagrams of hisScience of Mechanics, will do much to revivify theoretical mechanical science, as developed from the elements by rigorous logical treatment."—Prof. A. G. Greenhill, inNature, London.

"Those who are curious to learn how the principles of mechanics have been evolved, from what source they take their origin, and how far they can be deemed of positive and permanent value, will find Dr. Mach's able treatise entrancingly interesting.... The book is a remarkable one in many respects, while the mixture of history with the latest scientific principles and absolute mathematical deductions makes it exceedingly attractive."—Mechanical World, Manchester and London, England.

"Mach's Mechanics is unique. It is not a text-book, but forms a useful supplement to the ordinary text-book. The latter is usually a skeleton outline, full of mathematical symbols and other abstractions. Mach's book has 'muscle and clothing,' and being written from the historical standpoint, introduces the leading contributors in succession, tells what they did and how they did it, and often what manner of men they were. Thus it is that the pages glow, as it were, with a certain humanism, quite delightful in a scientific book.... The book is handsomely printed, and deserves a warm reception from all interested in the progress of science."—The Physical Review, New York and London.

"Mr. T. J. McCormack, by his effective translation, where translation was no light task, of this masterly treatise upon the earliest and most fundamental of the sciences, has rendered no slight service to the English speaking student. The German and English languages are generally accounted second to none in their value as instruments for the expression of scientific thought; but the conversion bodily of an abstruse work from one into the other, so as to preserve all the meaning and spirit of the original and to set it easily and naturally into its new form, is a task of the greatest difficulty, andwhen performed so well as in the present instance, merits great commendation. Dr. Mach has created for his own works the severest possible standard of judgment. To expect no more from the books of such a master than from the elementary productions of an ordinary teacher in the science would be undue moderation. Our author has lifted what, to many of us, was at one time a course of seemingly unprofitable mental gymnastics, encompassed only at vast expenditure of intellectual effort, into a study possessing a deep philosophical value and instinct with life and interest. 'No profit grows where is no pleasure ta'en,' and the emancipated collegian will turn with pleasure from the narrow methods of the text-book to where the science is made to illustrate, by a treatment at once broad and deep, the fundamental connexion between all the physical sciences, taken together."—The Mining Journal, London, England.

"As a history of mechanics, the work is admirable."—The Nation, New York.

"An excellent book, admirably illustrated."—The Literary World, London, England.

"Sets forth the elements of its subject with a lucidity, clearness, and force unknown in the mathematical text-books ... is admirably fitted to serve students as an introduction on historical lines to the principles of mechanical science."—Canadian Mining and Mechanical Review, Ottawa, Can.

"A masterly book.... To any one who feels that he does not know as much as he ought to about physics, we can commend it most heartily as a scholarly and able treatise ... both interesting and profitable."—A. M. Wellington, inEngineering News, New York.

"The book as a whole is unique, and is a valuable addition to any library of science or philosophy.... Reproductions of quaint old portraits and vignettes give piquancy to the pages. The numerous marginal titles form a complete epitome of the work; and there is that invaluable adjunct, a good index. Altogether the publishers are to be congratulated upon producing a technical work that is thoroughly attractive in its make-up."—Prof. D. W. Hering, inScience.

"There is one other point upon which this volume should be commended, and that is the perfection of the translation. It is a common fault that books of the greatest interest and value in the original are oftenest butchered or made ridiculous by a clumsy translator. The present is a noteworthy exception."—Railway Age.

"The book is admirably printed and bound.... The presswork is unexcelled by any technical books that have come to our hands for some time, and the engravings and figures are all clearly and well executed."—Railroad Gazette.

"I am delighted with Professor Mach'sScience of Mechanics."—M. E. Cooley, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Ann Arbor, Mich.

"You have done a good service to science in publishing Mach'sScience of Mechanicsin English. I shall take every opportunity to recommend it to young students as a source of much interesting information and inspiration."—M. I. Pupin, Professor of Mechanics, Columbia College, New York.

"Mach'sScience of Mechanicsis an admirable ... book."—Prof. E. A. Fuertes, Director of the College of Civil Engineering of Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

"I congratulate you upon producing the work in such good style and in so good a translation. I bought a copy of it a year ago, very shortly after you issued it. The book itself is deserving of the highest admiration; and you are entitled to the thanks of all English-speaking physicists for the publication of this translation."—D. W. Hering, Professor of Physics, University of the City of New York, New York.

"I have read Mach'sScience of Mechanicswith great pleasure. The book is exceedingly interesting."—W. F. Magie, Professor of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.

"TheScience of Mechanicsby Mach, translated by T. J. McCormack, I regard as a most valuable work, not only for acquainting the student with the history of the development of Mechanics, but as serving to present to him most favorably the fundamental ideas of Mechanics and their rational connexion with the highest mathematical developments. It is a most profitable book to read along with the study of a text-book of Mechanics, and I shall take pleasure in recommending its perusal by my students."—S. W. Robinson, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

"I am delighted with Mach's 'Mechanics.' I will call the attention to it of students and instructors who have the Mechanics or Physics to study or teach."—J. E. Davies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.

"There can be but one opinion as to the value of Mach's work in this translation. No instructor in physics should be without a copy of it."—Henry Crew, Professor of Physics in the Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.

A PORTRAYAL OF THE SPIRIT AND METHODS OF SCIENCE.

By DR. ERNST MACH.

PROFESSOR OF THE HISTORY AND THEORY OF INDUCTIVE SCIENCE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA.

Translated by THOMAS J. McCORMACK.

Third Edition, Revised Throughout and Greatly Enlarged.

Cloth, Gilt Top. Exhaustively Indexed. Pages, 415. Cuts, 59. Price, $1.50.

"A most fascinating volume, treating of phenomena in which all are interested, in a delightful style and with wonderful clearness. For lightness of touch and yet solid value of information the chapter 'Why Has Man Two Eyes?' has scarcely a rival in the whole realm of popular scientific writing."—The Boston Traveller.

"Truly remarkable in the insight they give into the relationship of the various fields cultivated under the name of Physics.... A vein of humor is met here and there reminding the reader of Heaviside, never offending one's taste. These features, together with the lightness of touch with which Mr. McCormack has rendered them, make the volume one that may be fairly called rare. The spirit of the author is preserved in such attractive, really delightful, English that one is assured nothing has been lost by translation."—Prof. Henry Crew, inThe Astrophysical Journal.

"A very delightful and useful book.... The author treats some of the most recondite problems of natural science, in so charmingly untechnical a way, with such a wealth of bright illustration, as makes his meaning clear to the person of ordinary intelligence and education.... This is a work that should find a place in every library, and that people should be encouraged to read."—Daily Picayune, New Orleans.

"In his translation Mr. McCormack has well preserved the frank, simple, and pleasing style of this famous lecturer on scientific topics. Professor Mach deals with the live facts, the salient points of science, and not with its mysticism or dead traditions. He uses the simplest of illustrations and expresses himself clearly, tersely, and with a delightful freshness that makes entertaining reading of what in other hands would be dull and prosy."—Engineering News, N. Y.

"The general reader is led by plain and easy steps along a delightful way through what would be to him without such a help a complicated maze of difficulties. Marvels are invented and science is revealed as the natural foe to mysteries."—The Chautauquan.

"The beautiful quality of the work is not marred by abstruse discussions which would require a scientist to fathom, but is so simple and so clear that it brings us into direct contact with the matter treated."—The Boston Post.

"A masterly exposition of important scientific truths."—Scotsman, Edinburgh.

"These lectures by Dr. Mach are delightfully simple and frank; there is no dryness or darkness of technicalities, and science and common life do not seem separated by a gulf.... The style is admirable, and the whole volume seems gloriously alive and human."—Providence Journal, R. I.

"The non-scientific reader who desires to learn something of modern scientific theories, and the reasons for their existence, cannot do better than carefully study these lectures. The English is excellent throughout, and reflects great credit on the translator."—Manufacturer and Builder.

"We like the quiet, considerate intelligence of these lectures."—Independent, New York.

"Professor Mach's lectures are so pleasantly written and illumined with such charm of illustration that they have all the interest of lively fiction."—New York Com. Advertiser.

"The literary and philosophical suggestiveness of the book is very rich."Hartford Seminary Record.

"All are presented so skilfully that one can imagine that Professor Mach's hearers departed from his lecture-room with the conviction that science was a matter for abecedarians. Will please those who find the fairy tales of science more absorbing than fiction."—The Pilot, Boston.

"Professor Mach ... is a master in physics.... His book is a good one and will serve a good purpose, both for instruction and suggestion."—Prof. A. E. Dolbear, inThe Dial.

"The most beautiful ideas are unfolded in the exposition."—Catholic World, New York.

By DR. ERNST MACH.

PROFESSOR OF THE HISTORY AND THEORY OF INDUCTIVE SCIENCE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA.

Pages, 208. Illustrations, 37. Indexed.

(Price, Cloth, $1.25.)

"A wonderfully original little book. Like everything he writes a work of genius."—Prof. W. Jamesof Harvard.

"I consider each work of Professor Mach a distinct acquisition to a library of science."—Prof. D. W. Hering, New York University.

"There is no work known to the writer which, in its general scientific bearings, is more likely to repay richly thorough study. We are all interested in nature in one way or another, and our interests can only be heightened and clarified by Mach's wonderfully original and wholesome book. It is not saying too much to maintain that every intelligent person should have a copy of it,—and should study that copy."—Prof. J. E. Trevor, Cornell.

"Students may here make the acquaintance of some of the open questions of sensation and at the same time take a lesson in the charm of scientific modesty that can hardly be excelled."—Prof. E. C. Sanford, Clark University.

"It exhibits keen observation and acute thought, with many new and interesting experiments by way of illustration. Moreover, the style is light and even lively—a rare merit in a German prose work, and still rarer in a translation of one."—The Literary World, London.

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FOOTNOTES:

[1]Statique expérimentale et théorique des liquids, 1873. See alsoThe Science of Mechanics, p. 384 et seqq., The Open Court Publishing Co., Chicago, 1893.

[2]Compare Mach,Ueber die Molecularwirkung der Flüssigkeiten, Reports of the Vienna Academy, 1862.

[3]In almost all branches of physics that are well worked out such maximal and minimal problems play an important part.

[4]Compare Mach,Vorträge über Psychophysik, Vienna, 1863, page 41;Compendium der Physik für Mediciner, Vienna, 1863, page 234; and alsoThe Science of Mechanics, Chicago, 1893, pp. 84 and 464.

[5]Like reflexions are found in Quételet,Du système sociale.

[6]For the full development of this idea see the essay "On the Economical Nature of Physical Inquiry," p. 186, and the chapter on "The Economy of Science," in myMechanics(Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Company, 1893), p. 481.

[7]Science may be regarded as a maximum or minimum problem, exactly as the business of the merchant. In fact, the intellectual activity of natural inquiry is not so greatly different from that exercised in ordinary life as is usually supposed.

[8]This experiment, with its associated reflexions, is due to Galileo.

[9]A development of the theory of musical audition differing in many points from the theory of Helmholtz here expounded, will be found in myContributions to the Analysis of the Sensations(English translation by C. M. Williams), Chicago, The Open Court Publishing Company, 1897.

[10]Sauveur also set out from Leibnitz's idea, but arrived by independent researches at a different theory, which was very near to that of Helmholtz. Compare on this point Sauveur,Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, 1700-1705, and R. Smith,Harmonics, Cambridge, 1749. (SeeAppendix, p. 346.)

[11]According to Mr. Jules Andrieu, the idea that nature must be tortured to reveal her secrets is preserved in the namecrucible—from the Latincrux, a cross. But, more probably,crucibleis derived from some Old French or Teutonic form, ascruche,kroes,krus, etc., a pot or jug (cf. Modern Englishcrock,cruse, and GermanKrug).—Trans.

[12]Xenophon, Memorabilia iv, 7, puts into the mouth of Socrates these words: οὔτε γὰρ εὑρετὰ ἀνθρώποις αὐτὰ ἐνόμιζεν εἶναι, οὔτε χαρίζεσθαι θεοῖς ἂν ἡγεῖτο τὸν ζητοῦντα ἃ ἐκεῖνοι σαφηνίσαι οὐκ ἐβουλήθησαν.

[13]Galilei,Discorsi e dimostrazione matematiche. Leyden, 1638.Dialogo Primo.

[14]In the same way, the pitch of a locomotive-whistle is higher as the locomotive rapidly approaches an observer, and lower when rapidly leaving him than if the locomotive were at rest.—Trans.

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