290Oude Amstel, Dutch porcelain,273—— Loosdrecht, porcelain made at,272Ovens for firing porcelain.SeeFurnaces.Owari porcelain,201-203—— —— materials and composition,190—— —— cheap ware for export,203Owen, Mr., on Bristol porcelain,376,381notePainted glazes, term explained,44,59—— —— on Ming porcelain,79—— —— of Hsuan-te,92Painters on Chinese porcelain,108—— —— signatures of,108—— —— division of work,129—— on Sèvres porcelain, signatures of,303Painting, schools of, in China,82—— on porcelain.See alsoEnamelling.Palissy probably endeavoured to make porcelain,239noteParian ware,373Paris, soft-paste factories at,288—— hard-paste factories at,312-314Pâte-sur-pâte,41,311‘Peach-bloom’ glaze,105,154Pen-rests in Chinese porcelain,139Persia, Chinese porcelain in,147,157,215,216Persian fayence compared with Chinese porcelain,73Persian fayence, early use of blue under glaze,74,75—— —— Chinese influence on,76—— Gulf, early Chinese trade with,213—— —— English trade with,221—— inscription on fifteenth century Chinese porcelain,94Petuntse (see alsoChina-stone),8,10—— proportion of, in hard pastes,385Pierced decoration in Chinese porcelain,154Pillows in Chinese porcelain,139Pinxton porcelain,371—— Billingsley makes porcelain at,368,371Pirkenhausen factory, Carlsbad,392Place, Dr., of York, experiments with various clays,242Planché, modeller at Derby,351Plymouth porcelain,375-381—— —— composition of glaze,380—— —— marks on,380Poems on Chinese porcelain,113Poison detected by Chinese porcelain,215Polo, Marco, account of China,72—— —— on Chinese porcelain,213-214Pompadour, Marquise de, and Sèvres,290,292,295,300Porcelain, physical properties of,5—— microscopical structure,5—— chemical composition,6-12—— materials,14-18—— transition to kaolinic stoneware in Japanese porcelain,206—— vague early use of the word,217—— early reports in Europe as to its composition,223‘Porcelain fever’ at time of Seven Years’ War,255Porcelain or purslane, word, how used in Elizabethan times,222Portugal, porcelain made in,325Portuguese in China,219—— as importers of porcelain,222,230Poterat family of Rouen,239,282,284Potsherds of Chinese porcelain, ground up for paste of English porcelain,326notePotter’s wheel,20-22—— —— early forms,20-21Pourcelainnes, the word, how used by Marco Polo,214Pressing, process described,23Quan-yin, or Kwan-yin (Jap. Kwannon),135,143,226Randall copies Sèvres porcelain,366Raynal, Abbé, on Chinese porcelain,85—— —— quoted,166,231—— —— on classification of Oriental porcelain,223noteRéaumur makes porcelain,278Red decorationsous couverte,43Red Sea ports, early Chinese trade with,213Reine, porcelaine de la, made in Rue Thiroux,313Reproductions of old types of Chinese porcelain,104,115Riaño, Don Juan, on Spanish porcelain,322,325Rice-grain, in pierced decoration,155Ringler, the arcanist,264,266,267Risampei, a Korean, at Arita,181Ritual vessels in Chinese porcelain, colours of,138Rockingham porcelain,371-372Rörstrand, porcelain made at,273—— —— contemporary work,388,393Rose, John,365,366Rose-red grounds (opaque),mei-kwei, on Chinese porcelain,110Roses on English porcelain,352,368Rouen porcelain,238-239,282—— —— examples where found,239Rouge d’oron Chinese porcelain,107—— —— date of introduction in China,110note—— —— not mentioned by D’Entrecolles,136—— —— late introduction in Japan,189,205—— —— used early at Saint-Cloud,283Rouge d’or, source of,284note—— —— mentioned in De Frasnay’s poem,284noteRozenburg works at the Hague,389,393Russian porcelain,274,392Sacrifice of the potter Tung,113Saint-Cloud, porcelain made at,282-284—— seventeenth century designs on porcelain,283St. Petersburg, porcelain made at,274,392Saladin’s present of Chinese porcelain,215Salting collection, early vase withcloisons,80—— —— enamelled bowl with Cheng-te mark,89,161—— ——famille vertewith black ground,101Salvétat, notes to Julien’s work,53Samson, imitates old wares,314Sanda celadon,201Sang de bœufglazes,42—— —— imitated in England,387—— —— on Chinese porcelain,151San tsai or ‘three-colour’ glazes,44—— —— the ‘three colours’ of Ming enamels,89,97—— —— relation to Kishiu ware,98Saracenic glass, enamels on,88—— —— found in China,88note—— motives and forms in Chinese porcelain,76,140—— origin of enamelled porcelain,87,88Sassanian influence on Far East,70noteSawankalok, porcelain made at,173,212noteSceaux, porcelain made at,288Schneeball-vasen,254Schnorrische Erdeused by Böttger,250Seggars, preparation and arrangement in furnace,28-29—— arrangement in Chinese furnaces,133—— late introduction in Japan,188Sei-ji, Japanese term for celadon,64Sentoku, Japanese reading of Hsuan-te,92Seto, village in Owari, connection with Japanese porcelain,180,202Seto-mono, Japanese equivalent to ‘china,’202Sève for Sèvres,290note‘Severe’ or kaolinic porcelain,17-18,385-386Sèvres, experimental work at,15—— hard paste, two types,17—— the new porcelain,18—— the soft paste of,289-304—— porcelain works removed to,292—— edicts against competing works,295—— the factory a fashionable lounge,295—— date of the best work,297—— soft paste abandoned,303—— —— repainted at later dates,304—— the hard paste of,305-312—— German workmen at,305—— Macquer succeeds Hellot,305—— early hard paste of mild type,306—— the new mild type of hard paste,307,390—— proposed withdrawal of State support,310,311,312—— hard paste, analysis of,386—— contemporary porcelain,389,390—— laboratory, chemical and technical researches on Chinese porcelain,47-48,55—— porcelain sold at Versailles,292—— —— biscuit figures,296—— —— royal dinner-services,297-298—— —— colours of grounds on,299—— —— turquoise enamel, how prepared,299—— ——Rose carnéeorPompadour,300—— —— gilding on,301—— —— date-marks on,302—— —— jewelled decoration,302—— —— artists’ marks on,303—— —— felspathic glaze,306—— —— glaze on early hard paste,306—— —— big vases of,307-308—— —— the Napoleonic decoration,308—— —— changes in decoration illustrate history,310—— —— coloured pastes,311—— —— pictorial plaques,271,311—— —— later developments,312,390‘Shaping,’ term explained,20Sha-t’aior ‘sand-bodied’ relation tohua-shi,132—— —— used as slip,154Shonsui, first made porcelain in Japan,181Siamese porcelain,172-175—— —— primitive methods of support in kilns,174,211—— —— Buddhist emblems,175—— —— decorated at Canton,175Signatures of painters onfamille roseplates,108Silica, proportion of, in hard pastes,7,385Silver plate replaced in France by porcelain,285Slip orbarbotine,19,312—— decoration of Chinese porcelain,146,147,154Slop-blending,16Snuff-bottles of Chinese porcelain,113-114,140Soft pastes, how distinguished,277note—— —— of France, origin of,277-279—— —— composition,279Solon, M., at Sèvres,311Sometsuke, Japanese term for ‘blue and white,’187Souffléglazes on Chinese porcelain,30,150Sous couverteor under-glaze decoration,43Spain, porcelain made in,322-324—— Chinese porcelain early imported,322Spengler of Zurich at Derby,354Spode family of Stoke,372-373—— Josiah, abandons use of frit in porcelain,373—— —— his felspar porcelain,373—— ware,373-374Sprimont, Nicholas, manager at Chelsea,333,338,341—— —— hisCase of the Undertaker,334Staffordshire porcelain, composition,372Steatite in Chinese porcelain,131—— used at Worcester,359—— used at Swansea,368—— relation toHua-she,376noteStoneware, relation of, to porcelain,7,386—— composition,7Stonewares of Chinese,165-167Strassburg, porcelain made at,269Strawberry Hill, porcelain at,266,283,321,379noteSui-ki, Chinese term for crackle ortruitéware,146Sumatra, Chinese trade with,210Sung dynasty of China,62—— porcelain,62-68—— —— copied in later times,52,104—— —— rarity in European collections,71Su-ni-po and Su-ma-li, cobalt blues of Arab origin,92Swansea porcelain,367-369Swedish porcelain,273—— —— contemporary work,388,393Swinton, Rockingham porcelain made at,371Swiss porcelain,270Ta-mo (Jap. Daruma),143Tang dynasty of China, importance of,56,209Tang-ying, superintendent at King-te-chen,110—— report on manufacture of porcelain,111-113Tao-kwang (1820-50), porcelain of,115Tea drinking, influence on ceramic wares,179,224,243—— —— ridiculed in drinking-song,243Tek-kwa or Te-hua,142‘Throwing’ on wheel,20-22Thüringer Wald, porcelain made in,269Tin enamel used at Chantilly,286,294Tin-glazed fayence,73Tin in glaze,33-34Ting yao, old Chinese ware,67,141Tingui of Marco Polo,213-214Tokugawa period, decline of art in later times,198,205Toshiro, Japanese potter,180To-t’ai, ‘bodiless’ porcelain,91Tournai, porcelain made at,289Toys made of Mennecy porcelain,287—— made of Chelsea porcelain,337Transfer-printing at Bow,347—— at Worcester,360‘Transmutation’ glazes on Chinese porcelain,66,150-154,151noteTrembleusesaucers,283,294Trenchard family, early pieces of Chinese porcelain in possession of,219Triads of colour—San-tsai,89,97Trou, Henri, at Saint-Cloud,283Tsang Ying-hsuan, superintendent at King-te-chen,96Tschirnhaus, glass made by,246-247,278—— his connection with Böttger,246-247,248Tsing or Manchu dynasty,96Tung, the potter’s god,113Tung-chi (1861-74), porcelain of,115Tu Ting ware, term explained,68Turks use coffee-cups of Oriental porcelain,224Turner, Thomas, at Caughley,365Turquoise glaze on Chinese porcelain,97,147—— grounds (opaque)—fei-tsui—on Chinese porcelain,110-111—— —— on Sèvres porcelain,299—— —— on Chelsea porcelain,339Tu-ting,142Tzu-ching, writer of Bushell MS.,61,79,86Tzu-kin(burnished gold), Chinese name forfond laque,146Unaker, kaolin from America,342,376,378Uranium, black enamel from,261Uses of Chinese porcelain,137-141—— of Japanese porcelain,192Venice, Chinese porcelain in St. Mark’s,77note—— early attempts to make porcelain in,235—— Oriental porcelain abundant in seventeenth century,235note—— porcelain made at,316-318—— German influence on porcelain,317Vernadsky, on chemical reaction in firing porcelain,11Vezzi family at Venice,316Vienna, origin of porcelain works,260—— porcelain, decoration,260—— —— marks on,260Villeroy, Duc de, and Mennecy,287Vincennes, porcelain made at,289-291,293-295——bleu du roi,294—— early perfection of porcelain,295Vinovo, or Vineuf, porcelain factory at,318Vissageor wreathing,22,106note,384Vogt, M., of Sèvres, quoted,17,278Wall, Dr. John, at Worcester,357,363Walpole, Horace, porcelain from Doccia,321Wan-li (1572-1619), his present of porcelain to Jehangir,85—— porcelain of,95Warham, Archbishop, celadon bowl at Oxford,218‘Wasters,’ importance of discovery of,29Watteau, influence on German art,253Wedgwood, his Jasper ware,40—— at Meissen,256—— and fugitive workmen,381note—— his opposition to Champion,383Weesp, in Holland, porcelain made at,272White Chinese porcelain, two families of,68Willow pattern at Caughley,365Worcester porcelain,357-364—— —— foundation of factory,357—— —— composition of pastes,358—— —— the factory described,358—— —— Oriental wares copied,359—— —— portraits of celebrities,360,364—— —— marks on,360,364—— —— transfer-printing,360-361—— —— migration of painters from Chelsea,361—— ——bleu du roigrounds,361-362—— —— decorated in London,362-363—— —— the Chamberlain factory,363—— —— late developments,364‘Wreathing’ orvissage,22,106note,384Wu-kung, five vessels on Buddhist shrine,138Wu-shê(seeGarniture),139Wu-tsai, the ‘five colours’ of Ming enamels,89—— relation tofamille verte,101Yang-tsai, ‘foreign colours,’ associated with Indian enamels,165Yao-pien, or furnace transmutation,152Yao-ping, or medicine-flasks,113,140Yeiraku ware,198-199Yeisen, potter at Kioto,197Yellow glazes on Chinese porcelain,94,147Yi-hsing yao, stoneware,165Yuan or Mongol dynasty,72—— —— porcelain of,77,152Yung-cheng (1722-35), porcelain of,103-105—— copies of old wares,104—— his early interest in porcelain,135Yung-lo (1402-24), early date-mark,67—— porcelain of,68,91Zaitun,142,209,213Zanzibar, Chinese porcelain found at,211Zengoro, family of Japanese potters,198—— his coral red, his Yeiraku seal,198-199—— his Kairaku ware in Kishiu,200—— Hozen at Kutani,205Zurich, porcelain made at,270