FOOTNOTES

FOOTNOTES[1]A wash composed of one part of the chloride of soda, with five of water, is as good as can be used; the same may be injected up the urethra.[2]Lining internal structures which have no outlet, as that in the abdomen, called the peritoneal.[3]To enter into a description of the pathological condition of the bladder in the several states of irritability, paralysis, and inflammation, would be to swell this article to an inordinate length, and serve no useful purpose—the symptoms and treatment comprising the most essential knowledge for the patient to possess. It may be briefly stated, that the bladder is less subject to become disorganized (the function being chiefly the disordered symptom), and sooner even regains its tone than other organs not less important to life.[4]Colles, Wallace, Ricord, of the Venereal hospital, Paris.[5]Mercury.The preparations of mercury are various: but those chiefly employed in the treatment of syphilis are the oxymuriate, or bi-chloride, the submuriate, or chloride, the red precipitate, or the hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum, the blue pill, the red sulphate for fumigations, and the blue ointment.Ptyalism or salivation, which implies an extraordinary secretion of the salivary and other glands, occasioned by the taking of mercury, inasmuch that when carried to an unwarrantable extent, ulceration is the consequence, may be produced by the internal exhibition or external application of almost any of its preparations. With this view, however, the blue pill is usually administered in doses of five grains twice a day, or the blue ointment is directed to be rubbed in on the inner part of the legs and thighs, in quantities varying from one to two drachms night and morning. Mercury, when given to excite ptyalism, is generally taken in conjunction with sarsaparilla (see Form 51, or the fluid extract). The symptoms whereby the effects of mercury are ascertained, are a coppery taste in the mouth, followed by a tenderness of the gums on mastication, an increased flow of the saliva, and a peculiar fœtor of the breath. It is usual, on the tainted taste being perceptible, to diminish or discontinue the further use of the medicine, unless the case be very severe, or merely to keep up the effect produced. But it can not be denied that, although sufficiently manageable in scientific hands, mercury, or any one of its preparations, is too powerful to be taken indiscriminately.[6]Antimony.The preparations of antimony consist of the precipitated sulphuret, called now the oxysulphuret of antimony, and the powder, as directed to be made in the Pharmacopœia, or its secret modification, known by the name of “Dr. James’s Powder.” The sulphuret enters into the composition of the red or Plummer’s pills, which is an admirable alterative, given in conjunction with sarsaparilla, in doses of five grains, once or twice a day. The James’s powder, with the like intention, may be taken in two or three grain doses twice or thrice a day.[7]Wagner, translated by Dr. Willis.[8]Some say eight days after.[9]Instances of different conceptions following connexion at brief intervals are of occasional occurrence.A case is recorded of a negress having brought forth a negro and a mulatto child, and who confessed having received the embraces of a white and a negro the same evening. Drs. Dewees of Philadelphia, and Francis of New York, adduce similar instances.[10]The membrane containing the liquid comes away with the after-birth or placenta; but when it is brought away with the child’s head, it is named a “caul,” to which the ignorant attach a superstitious belief that it saves the possessor from drowning, and hence it has been a source of traffic between the cunning and the weak-minded. Cauls are made by detaching the membrane from the placenta.[11]Yellow wax may be substituted for the white wax, which renders the ointment stronger and better adapted for excoriations that yield a discharge.[12]Every nurse is acquainted with the usefulness of starch, tutty powder, Fuller’s earth, &c.[13]Blundell.[14]Dr. A. Sidney Doane has recorded a case, in his edition of “Good’s Study of Medicine,” where a woman brought forth fifty-seven children.—Vol. ii., p. 503.[15]A patient was admitted into the ophthalmic wards of the Hotel Dieu, Paris, with great weakness of sight, amounting almost to amaurosis. He confessed that he was in the habit of polluting himself, and that he was immediately seized with complete blindness whenever he addicted himself to the practice. Cases very similar to the above have been noticed by Dr. Doane, of New York, who has paid great attention to diseases of this character.[16]The convertibility of India-rubber to so many useful purposes has not escaped the attention of surgeons, and it is found to be an excellent material for trusses, pessaries, bougies, &c., and consequently much used for them. I find them in my own practice far preferable to metallic or any other description. Many cases of hæmorrhoids, as well as of prolapsus, that have been given up as incurable, on account of the parties objecting to wear metallic instruments, or submit to the operation of excision or ligature, have speedily yielded to the application of the same manufactured of India-rubber; indeed, every day’s experience so convinces me of their superiority and efficacy as a remedy in these disorders, that a patient afflicted with the most formidable form of either disease need not despair of a prompt and certain recovery.[17]The specific gravity of the urine materially depends upon those causes which act diuretically, and upon the quantity of fluids swallowed, which, if taken in excess, of course increases the watery portion of the urine, and vice versa. The density of the urine is ascertained by an instrument called an “Hydrometer,” which, upon being immersed in the urine, indicates its specific gravity. The usual specific gravity of healthy human urine varies from 1.010 to 1.015, while the temperature ranges from 75 degrees of Fahrenheit to 120. The quantity averages from two to three pints per diem, but depends not only upon the quantity of fluids consumed, but also upon the nature of the food, vegetables generating more urine than animal substances. In infancy and old age, the temperature of the urine is below this standard, but nearly equivalent to each other; whereas it is only at the period of puberty that the temperature noted exists.[18]Furnished in the system by the decomposition of urea.

FOOTNOTES

[1]A wash composed of one part of the chloride of soda, with five of water, is as good as can be used; the same may be injected up the urethra.

[2]Lining internal structures which have no outlet, as that in the abdomen, called the peritoneal.

[3]To enter into a description of the pathological condition of the bladder in the several states of irritability, paralysis, and inflammation, would be to swell this article to an inordinate length, and serve no useful purpose—the symptoms and treatment comprising the most essential knowledge for the patient to possess. It may be briefly stated, that the bladder is less subject to become disorganized (the function being chiefly the disordered symptom), and sooner even regains its tone than other organs not less important to life.

[4]Colles, Wallace, Ricord, of the Venereal hospital, Paris.

[5]Mercury.The preparations of mercury are various: but those chiefly employed in the treatment of syphilis are the oxymuriate, or bi-chloride, the submuriate, or chloride, the red precipitate, or the hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum, the blue pill, the red sulphate for fumigations, and the blue ointment.Ptyalism or salivation, which implies an extraordinary secretion of the salivary and other glands, occasioned by the taking of mercury, inasmuch that when carried to an unwarrantable extent, ulceration is the consequence, may be produced by the internal exhibition or external application of almost any of its preparations. With this view, however, the blue pill is usually administered in doses of five grains twice a day, or the blue ointment is directed to be rubbed in on the inner part of the legs and thighs, in quantities varying from one to two drachms night and morning. Mercury, when given to excite ptyalism, is generally taken in conjunction with sarsaparilla (see Form 51, or the fluid extract). The symptoms whereby the effects of mercury are ascertained, are a coppery taste in the mouth, followed by a tenderness of the gums on mastication, an increased flow of the saliva, and a peculiar fœtor of the breath. It is usual, on the tainted taste being perceptible, to diminish or discontinue the further use of the medicine, unless the case be very severe, or merely to keep up the effect produced. But it can not be denied that, although sufficiently manageable in scientific hands, mercury, or any one of its preparations, is too powerful to be taken indiscriminately.

[5]Mercury.

The preparations of mercury are various: but those chiefly employed in the treatment of syphilis are the oxymuriate, or bi-chloride, the submuriate, or chloride, the red precipitate, or the hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum, the blue pill, the red sulphate for fumigations, and the blue ointment.

Ptyalism or salivation, which implies an extraordinary secretion of the salivary and other glands, occasioned by the taking of mercury, inasmuch that when carried to an unwarrantable extent, ulceration is the consequence, may be produced by the internal exhibition or external application of almost any of its preparations. With this view, however, the blue pill is usually administered in doses of five grains twice a day, or the blue ointment is directed to be rubbed in on the inner part of the legs and thighs, in quantities varying from one to two drachms night and morning. Mercury, when given to excite ptyalism, is generally taken in conjunction with sarsaparilla (see Form 51, or the fluid extract). The symptoms whereby the effects of mercury are ascertained, are a coppery taste in the mouth, followed by a tenderness of the gums on mastication, an increased flow of the saliva, and a peculiar fœtor of the breath. It is usual, on the tainted taste being perceptible, to diminish or discontinue the further use of the medicine, unless the case be very severe, or merely to keep up the effect produced. But it can not be denied that, although sufficiently manageable in scientific hands, mercury, or any one of its preparations, is too powerful to be taken indiscriminately.

[6]Antimony.The preparations of antimony consist of the precipitated sulphuret, called now the oxysulphuret of antimony, and the powder, as directed to be made in the Pharmacopœia, or its secret modification, known by the name of “Dr. James’s Powder.” The sulphuret enters into the composition of the red or Plummer’s pills, which is an admirable alterative, given in conjunction with sarsaparilla, in doses of five grains, once or twice a day. The James’s powder, with the like intention, may be taken in two or three grain doses twice or thrice a day.

[6]Antimony.

The preparations of antimony consist of the precipitated sulphuret, called now the oxysulphuret of antimony, and the powder, as directed to be made in the Pharmacopœia, or its secret modification, known by the name of “Dr. James’s Powder.” The sulphuret enters into the composition of the red or Plummer’s pills, which is an admirable alterative, given in conjunction with sarsaparilla, in doses of five grains, once or twice a day. The James’s powder, with the like intention, may be taken in two or three grain doses twice or thrice a day.

[7]Wagner, translated by Dr. Willis.

[8]Some say eight days after.

[9]Instances of different conceptions following connexion at brief intervals are of occasional occurrence.A case is recorded of a negress having brought forth a negro and a mulatto child, and who confessed having received the embraces of a white and a negro the same evening. Drs. Dewees of Philadelphia, and Francis of New York, adduce similar instances.

[9]Instances of different conceptions following connexion at brief intervals are of occasional occurrence.

A case is recorded of a negress having brought forth a negro and a mulatto child, and who confessed having received the embraces of a white and a negro the same evening. Drs. Dewees of Philadelphia, and Francis of New York, adduce similar instances.

[10]The membrane containing the liquid comes away with the after-birth or placenta; but when it is brought away with the child’s head, it is named a “caul,” to which the ignorant attach a superstitious belief that it saves the possessor from drowning, and hence it has been a source of traffic between the cunning and the weak-minded. Cauls are made by detaching the membrane from the placenta.

[11]Yellow wax may be substituted for the white wax, which renders the ointment stronger and better adapted for excoriations that yield a discharge.

[12]Every nurse is acquainted with the usefulness of starch, tutty powder, Fuller’s earth, &c.

[13]Blundell.

[14]Dr. A. Sidney Doane has recorded a case, in his edition of “Good’s Study of Medicine,” where a woman brought forth fifty-seven children.—Vol. ii., p. 503.

[15]A patient was admitted into the ophthalmic wards of the Hotel Dieu, Paris, with great weakness of sight, amounting almost to amaurosis. He confessed that he was in the habit of polluting himself, and that he was immediately seized with complete blindness whenever he addicted himself to the practice. Cases very similar to the above have been noticed by Dr. Doane, of New York, who has paid great attention to diseases of this character.

[16]The convertibility of India-rubber to so many useful purposes has not escaped the attention of surgeons, and it is found to be an excellent material for trusses, pessaries, bougies, &c., and consequently much used for them. I find them in my own practice far preferable to metallic or any other description. Many cases of hæmorrhoids, as well as of prolapsus, that have been given up as incurable, on account of the parties objecting to wear metallic instruments, or submit to the operation of excision or ligature, have speedily yielded to the application of the same manufactured of India-rubber; indeed, every day’s experience so convinces me of their superiority and efficacy as a remedy in these disorders, that a patient afflicted with the most formidable form of either disease need not despair of a prompt and certain recovery.

[17]The specific gravity of the urine materially depends upon those causes which act diuretically, and upon the quantity of fluids swallowed, which, if taken in excess, of course increases the watery portion of the urine, and vice versa. The density of the urine is ascertained by an instrument called an “Hydrometer,” which, upon being immersed in the urine, indicates its specific gravity. The usual specific gravity of healthy human urine varies from 1.010 to 1.015, while the temperature ranges from 75 degrees of Fahrenheit to 120. The quantity averages from two to three pints per diem, but depends not only upon the quantity of fluids consumed, but also upon the nature of the food, vegetables generating more urine than animal substances. In infancy and old age, the temperature of the urine is below this standard, but nearly equivalent to each other; whereas it is only at the period of puberty that the temperature noted exists.

[18]Furnished in the system by the decomposition of urea.

Transcriber’s Note (continued)Obvious punctuation errors in the transcribed text have been repaired.Variations in spelling are common in this book. In the case of medical terms in which the ligatures ‘æ’ and ‘œ’ could be used, the variations are numerous and noticeable. Thus we find the terms “hemorrhage”, “hæmorrhage” and “hœmorrhage” being used interchangeably. Similarly for “hæmorrhoids” and “hœmorrhoids” and all the words derived from the foregoing terms.Except as noted below, unusual or variable spelling and hyphenation as published in the original book have been retained.Page 11 — “membraneous” changed to “membranous” (diminishes at the membranous portion)Page 16 — “then,” changed to “them” (that connects them together)Page 21 — “developes” changed to “develops” (the sooner develops the disease)Page 22 — “ay” changed to “any” (to resist any efforts)Page 24 — “arm-pits” changed to “armpits” (under the armpits)Page 29 — “gonorrhæa” changed to “gonorrhœa” (in curing gonorrhœa;)Page 30 — “head-ache” changed to “headache” (inclination to headache)Page 50 — “surfacial” changed to “surficial” (surficial and muscular membranes)Page 54 — “fœces” changed to “fæces” (the fœces pass in small quantities)Page 58 — “permaneut” changed to “permanent” (permanent irritability of the bladder)Page 62 — “now” changed to “how” (to show how imperative it is)Page 80 — “coherd” changed to “cohered” (where numbers cohered together)Page 85 — “empyrical” changed to “empirical” (by the most empyrical measures)Page 87 — “chancerous” changed to “chancrous” (a chancrous sore)Page 89 — “accompanying” changed to “above” (Witness the above wood-cut.)Page 102 — “incrustrations” changed to “incrustations” (similar incrustations are formed)Page 107 — “desquemated” changed to “desquamated” (the pimple has broken or desquamated)Page 109 — “raced” changed to “traced” (to such weknesses may be traced the relapses)Page 118 — “desquemate” changed to “desquamate” (exfoliate, or scurf, or desquamate)Page 125 — “are are” changed to “are” (There are also deep and painful fissures)Page 131 — “pecuiar” changed to “peculiar” (a peculiar contour of the countenance)Page 134 — “triflind” changed to “trifling” (trifling errors in diet)Page 137 — “unimpergnated” changed to “unimpregnated” (when unimpregnated, is very compact)Page 146 — “corpulant” changed to “corpulent” (like a very corpulent man)Page 149 — “ipresses” changed to “impresses” (the womb impresses upon the bladder)Page 167 — “Henry III.” changed to “Henry II.” (Henry II. consulted one Fernal for the infertility of his queen, Catherine de Medicis)Page 196 — “protusion” changed to “protrusion” (extraordinary protrusion of piles)Page 200 — “bladders” changed to “bladder” (into the bladder whence it is voided)Page 214 — “pharmacopœa” changed to “pharmacopœia” (of our pharmacopœia)In anatomical references, the book uses “chord” throughout in place of “cord” — see for example “umbilical chord” and “spermatic chord”.There are seventy-nine treatment recipes/formulæ (“Forms”) in the book. All are printed in a similar style. However fifty-five appear as footnotes while the rest appear in page text. For ease of reference in the transcription, all the footnoted Forms have been gathered together and moved to a new FORMULÆ annex at the end of the book. Minor changes to the page text consequent on the new arrangement are as follows:Page 31 — “[See annexed Formulæ 2, 3, 4, 5.]” changed to “[See Forms 2, 3, 4, 5 in Formulæ annex.]”Page 33 — “Subjoined are” changed to “See Formulæ annex for”Page 34 — “(see note)” changed to “(see Formulæ annex)”While the original style and content of the seventy-nine Forms has been carefully preserved, minor corrections to the layout of some have been made so that all are displayed to the reader in a consistent format. This avoids small but distracting variations on a page that look like errors in transcription. For the same reason, variations in the spelling of dosage measures in the Forms have been regularised. Thus “table spoonful”, “table-spoonful” and “tablespoonful” all appear as “tablespoonful”. Similarly for “teaspoonful” and “wineglassful”. Plural forms have been changed in the same way. For consistency, the regularising of these words has also been applied to their appearance elsewhere in the body text.Ordinary footnotes have been re-indexed using numbers and moved to a FOOTNOTES section placed after the FORMULÆ annex.References on a page to originally footnoted Forms are now clickable links to their text in the new FORMULÆ annex. Ordinary footnote references on a page are now clickable links to their text in the FOOTNOTES section.For technical reasons beyond the control of the transcriber, long chapters in this EPUB version have had to be partitioned into smaller segments of text and illustrations. The reader will see the break between each segment represented as a ‘thought break’. They appear at places in the chapter where the author has started a new subject for discussion. These are easily recognised because the author features the subject title initalic fontas the first sentence of a new paragraph. The following extract is an example:The Surgical Treatment of Gonorrhœa.—The principal symptoms ....When a thought break occurs before such a paragraph, it is displayed to the reader as a short, centered, rule thus:———<>———The original chapter text around a thought break is not altered in any way.Back to top

Transcriber’s Note (continued)

Obvious punctuation errors in the transcribed text have been repaired.

Variations in spelling are common in this book. In the case of medical terms in which the ligatures ‘æ’ and ‘œ’ could be used, the variations are numerous and noticeable. Thus we find the terms “hemorrhage”, “hæmorrhage” and “hœmorrhage” being used interchangeably. Similarly for “hæmorrhoids” and “hœmorrhoids” and all the words derived from the foregoing terms.

Except as noted below, unusual or variable spelling and hyphenation as published in the original book have been retained.

Page 11 — “membraneous” changed to “membranous” (diminishes at the membranous portion)

Page 16 — “then,” changed to “them” (that connects them together)

Page 21 — “developes” changed to “develops” (the sooner develops the disease)

Page 22 — “ay” changed to “any” (to resist any efforts)

Page 24 — “arm-pits” changed to “armpits” (under the armpits)

Page 29 — “gonorrhæa” changed to “gonorrhœa” (in curing gonorrhœa;)

Page 30 — “head-ache” changed to “headache” (inclination to headache)

Page 50 — “surfacial” changed to “surficial” (surficial and muscular membranes)

Page 54 — “fœces” changed to “fæces” (the fœces pass in small quantities)

Page 58 — “permaneut” changed to “permanent” (permanent irritability of the bladder)

Page 62 — “now” changed to “how” (to show how imperative it is)

Page 80 — “coherd” changed to “cohered” (where numbers cohered together)

Page 85 — “empyrical” changed to “empirical” (by the most empyrical measures)

Page 87 — “chancerous” changed to “chancrous” (a chancrous sore)

Page 89 — “accompanying” changed to “above” (Witness the above wood-cut.)

Page 102 — “incrustrations” changed to “incrustations” (similar incrustations are formed)

Page 107 — “desquemated” changed to “desquamated” (the pimple has broken or desquamated)

Page 109 — “raced” changed to “traced” (to such weknesses may be traced the relapses)

Page 118 — “desquemate” changed to “desquamate” (exfoliate, or scurf, or desquamate)

Page 125 — “are are” changed to “are” (There are also deep and painful fissures)

Page 131 — “pecuiar” changed to “peculiar” (a peculiar contour of the countenance)

Page 134 — “triflind” changed to “trifling” (trifling errors in diet)

Page 137 — “unimpergnated” changed to “unimpregnated” (when unimpregnated, is very compact)

Page 146 — “corpulant” changed to “corpulent” (like a very corpulent man)

Page 149 — “ipresses” changed to “impresses” (the womb impresses upon the bladder)

Page 167 — “Henry III.” changed to “Henry II.” (Henry II. consulted one Fernal for the infertility of his queen, Catherine de Medicis)

Page 196 — “protusion” changed to “protrusion” (extraordinary protrusion of piles)

Page 200 — “bladders” changed to “bladder” (into the bladder whence it is voided)

Page 214 — “pharmacopœa” changed to “pharmacopœia” (of our pharmacopœia)

In anatomical references, the book uses “chord” throughout in place of “cord” — see for example “umbilical chord” and “spermatic chord”.

There are seventy-nine treatment recipes/formulæ (“Forms”) in the book. All are printed in a similar style. However fifty-five appear as footnotes while the rest appear in page text. For ease of reference in the transcription, all the footnoted Forms have been gathered together and moved to a new FORMULÆ annex at the end of the book. Minor changes to the page text consequent on the new arrangement are as follows:

Page 31 — “[See annexed Formulæ 2, 3, 4, 5.]” changed to “[See Forms 2, 3, 4, 5 in Formulæ annex.]”

Page 33 — “Subjoined are” changed to “See Formulæ annex for”

Page 34 — “(see note)” changed to “(see Formulæ annex)”

While the original style and content of the seventy-nine Forms has been carefully preserved, minor corrections to the layout of some have been made so that all are displayed to the reader in a consistent format. This avoids small but distracting variations on a page that look like errors in transcription. For the same reason, variations in the spelling of dosage measures in the Forms have been regularised. Thus “table spoonful”, “table-spoonful” and “tablespoonful” all appear as “tablespoonful”. Similarly for “teaspoonful” and “wineglassful”. Plural forms have been changed in the same way. For consistency, the regularising of these words has also been applied to their appearance elsewhere in the body text.

Ordinary footnotes have been re-indexed using numbers and moved to a FOOTNOTES section placed after the FORMULÆ annex.

References on a page to originally footnoted Forms are now clickable links to their text in the new FORMULÆ annex. Ordinary footnote references on a page are now clickable links to their text in the FOOTNOTES section.

For technical reasons beyond the control of the transcriber, long chapters in this EPUB version have had to be partitioned into smaller segments of text and illustrations. The reader will see the break between each segment represented as a ‘thought break’. They appear at places in the chapter where the author has started a new subject for discussion. These are easily recognised because the author features the subject title initalic fontas the first sentence of a new paragraph. The following extract is an example:

The Surgical Treatment of Gonorrhœa.—The principal symptoms ....

When a thought break occurs before such a paragraph, it is displayed to the reader as a short, centered, rule thus:

———<>———

The original chapter text around a thought break is not altered in any way.

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