The colon and semicolon are not used in the texts, the comma is employed very sparingly, chiefly with forms ofifu(say, &c.) after quotations.
In Japanese the clauses of a sentence run together in such a way that punctuation beyond what is adopted in this volume is better avoided. The verbal forms (allowing for inversions) sufficiently indicate the end of the clause in most cases.
There are no long lays in books VII, XI, XII, and XIV of the Manyôshiu.
Nigori(voicing) of mutes is seldom observed; owing to its uncertainty it would have been better to have omitted it altogether save in a few verbal forms-eba-aba-de,-do-domo, &c.Nigoriapplies to the consonants and digraphs k, s, sh, t, ch, ts, h, which,nigori’ed, become g, z, zh, d, j, dz, b.
The following additions and emendations would not have been relegated to an appendix but for the fact that certain important and not very common works could not be procured from Japan until after the texts and glossaries had been printed.
N.B. It is not always sufficiently explained that the m. k. often apply to syllables only, either identical in sound merely with part of the m. k., or, by some kind of word-jugglery, suggesting decoratively a new signification.
akahoshi,addmorning-star.amadzutafu,addor pass along or over.amakazofu,addperhaps a script-error foramakumoorsasanami—the former would apply tooho(dimly), the latter to Ohotsu (pl. n.).asahisasu,forasreadin.awokumono, like blue cloud—inLay 186this m. k. seems to mean the blue expanse of sky above the clouds showing white against it—the blue sky being regarded as a vast blue cloud.Afterclouds;reador as clear as blue (awo) of sky and so epithet of white (shiro): afteridekocome forth through (as the gods did through the clouds on Idzumo) as blue in stormy sky.awomidzura,addor possibly where fowlers’ nets are spread (yose-ami).awoniyoshi,transposealso K. lviiiafter137.fujikoromo, readma-tohoku.guwan, prayer or petition to Buddhist saint.hahomameno,addperhaps the creeping fern Taenitis carnosa (mamedzura) is meant.hanakatsumi,addperhaps nothing more than a repetition ofkatsuis intended.hanezuirono, addhanezuseems to be Prunus japonica.hashitateno,afterpalisadeadda comma.hisakatano,addthe usual script is ‘long-hard’, i.e. firm and enduring, but this does not agree with all the applications of the word. It might also mean ‘sunbright’.Afterinverselyadd a comma, and readhisao,hisago.ihabashino,fororreadas.ihafuchino,after(of river)add a comma.ihatsutano,readlike rock-creeper, i.e. ivy.kariganeno,forlike &c.readwhen.katamohino,addor one half of a receptacle consisting of two bowls fitting one on the other.kazenotono,afterloveaddas.kekoromowo,dele all aftervestment;and addused withharu, spring-time, as homophonous withharu, stretch, as skins when being cured.komomakura,addwithahimakishias meaning, embraced, enlaced.koromote,fromotherto end dele and insert:—koromoteno, sleeve, used with the syllableta(hand, or a homophon), with the syllablena(naga), withma(ma temeaning ‘both hands’, i.e. perfect or complete or pair, soma-kai, pair ofoars?), withkaheru(comp.hiru-gaheru, to wave).Kotori(Lay 250) =kototori, i.e.koto wo toriokonafu, an administrator or commissioner (to levy troops).kurenawino, scarlet or light red; perhaps =Kureno awi= Kure indigo, Kure being a name for Go or Wu in China; used withiro, colour,asa, light tinted,utsushi kokoro, real heart regarded as ‘red’, i.e. true.makibashira,forwordreadwood.matamatsuku,insertaftermatamanasuthread-jewels applied to syllablewoas homophon ofwo, thread.matorisumu, delemamori.midzukukino,addthere is also a pl. n.Midzukuki no Woka.mimorotsuku, addtsukumay beitsuku, reverence.Miwais a pl. n., also ‘sacred saké’, also ‘tub for brewing saké’, alsomiwaku= gushing of water, or fermenting of saké liquor.minasegaha,translatemy life trickles on, lessening month by month, day by day, as the water of a waterless stream (which disappears under the dry bed—a very common result in Japan) whose gradual exhaustion is like the death of men from love.miru, inLay 263, means—to have emotional or intellectual experience of.misagowiru,addmore likely = where ospreys (misago) are.mitsumitsushi,forccxxviireadLay 227.momoshikino,aftercountlessshiki addor provided with many defences.momotarazu, forikareadi= fifty.momoyogusa,dele all afterpyrethrum, and addchichi haha ga | tono no shiri he no | momoyogusa | momoyo idemase | waga kitaru made, like the hundred-ages-herb that groweth behind my father and mother’s mansion, live thou for a hundred ages until I return (a lover dispatched on official duty to his mistress).nahanorino,fornot yet toldreadcertainly untold to parents.nihatadzumi,readform pools as rain does.nihatsulori,—nihatsutori.nikogusano, said to be Solomon’s seal (flower);hanatsuma= beautiful woman.sagoromono,afterfastenedadd,tsuku.sahidzuruyo, readsahidzuruya.sakidakeno,addor bedfellow.sanekayano,read,sa nahe kaya no, pliant askaya(dwarf bamboo).sashisusumu,addperhaps error formuratama=nubatamawhich might be m. k. of Kurusu, takingkuru=kuro, black.shikishimano,readfort-island or isolated place.shinaderu, slopewise withkata, shoulder, slope.shinazakaru, separated by many steep passes.shiranakuni,readunknown or remote provinces used with Koséji Kose-road,kose= come. A more elaborate explanation hints at the bringing or coming of remote lands under the sway of the Mikado.shiranamino,deleperhaps … hills.shizhikushiro,afterHadesaddas homophon ofyomi, excellent.tadawatari, addanashiis also a name for the north-west windana! shi.tamadzusa,afterlike inserttamadzusaflower.tamakadzura,delefalse hair,afterchapletaddof beads, afterkageaddsparkle,dele words in( ),addother explanations are given by Motowori.tamakiharu,after(arm)addforutsutsu, present real existence.tamanowono,forcustomreador succession or life.tamatareno,addm. k. of syllablewotaken aswo, thread.tamatasuki,forlie on &c.readfasten rounduneoruna.tatamikeme,for‘rush, (matting)’read‘rush’ (matting).tobusatate,readThe Kogi &c.,fortree-topsreadlopped tree-trunk.tokikinuno,afterunfastenedaddor taken to pieces.tokozhimono, like a bed-place,afterprostrateadd(on pallet of reeds, &c.).tomoshihino,readlike a light or flame giving light.tonogumori, forgumovireadgumori.tsumagomoru, aftersaadd (see N. I. 402, 2nduta),beforemeaninginsertperhaps the real.uchitawori, perhaps simply by syllable-repetition a m. k. of syllableta.udzuranasu, readihahiasi-hahi.umashimono,addthe true orangekunempo.umazhimono, fornakareadnaha.wagasekowo, readwaga seko wo | na kose no yama no | yobu kotori | kimi yobi kahese | yo no fukenu to ni, far gone is the night, ye birds that cry on Kose hill, turn back my lord, crying to him, cross not the hills (to prevent him leaving her).wagatatami,readmy own mat.wagimokowo,addHayami is the name of a part of the coast of Settsu … in the phrasewagimokowo kiki Tsuga nu, prefatially, as if …kikitsugi… my love, of whose beauty the fame passeth from age to age.wakakusano, addwakaku he, while young by side of.…yakitachiwoor-no, with the syllablesto(toshi), smart, ready, vigorous, andhe, side.yakushihono,addbeforekohi,karaki, passionate.yamanowino,afterwelladdor source, not deep like an artificial well.yufuhinasu(to followyufuhanano), like evening sun, used withuraguhashi(delightful to the feelings, asmaguhashiis delightful to the eye).yufutatami,afterBroussonetiaaddkept: aftertatamiinsert a comma.yukumidzuno, aftersayakekuread (clear-sounding as running water).
akahoshi,addmorning-star.
amadzutafu,addor pass along or over.
amakazofu,addperhaps a script-error foramakumoorsasanami—the former would apply tooho(dimly), the latter to Ohotsu (pl. n.).
asahisasu,forasreadin.
awokumono, like blue cloud—inLay 186this m. k. seems to mean the blue expanse of sky above the clouds showing white against it—the blue sky being regarded as a vast blue cloud.Afterclouds;reador as clear as blue (awo) of sky and so epithet of white (shiro): afteridekocome forth through (as the gods did through the clouds on Idzumo) as blue in stormy sky.
awomidzura,addor possibly where fowlers’ nets are spread (yose-ami).
awoniyoshi,transposealso K. lviiiafter137.
fujikoromo, readma-tohoku.
guwan, prayer or petition to Buddhist saint.
hahomameno,addperhaps the creeping fern Taenitis carnosa (mamedzura) is meant.
hanakatsumi,addperhaps nothing more than a repetition ofkatsuis intended.
hanezuirono, addhanezuseems to be Prunus japonica.
hashitateno,afterpalisadeadda comma.
hisakatano,addthe usual script is ‘long-hard’, i.e. firm and enduring, but this does not agree with all the applications of the word. It might also mean ‘sunbright’.Afterinverselyadd a comma, and readhisao,hisago.
ihabashino,fororreadas.
ihafuchino,after(of river)add a comma.
ihatsutano,readlike rock-creeper, i.e. ivy.
kariganeno,forlike &c.readwhen.
katamohino,addor one half of a receptacle consisting of two bowls fitting one on the other.
kazenotono,afterloveaddas.
kekoromowo,dele all aftervestment;and addused withharu, spring-time, as homophonous withharu, stretch, as skins when being cured.
komomakura,addwithahimakishias meaning, embraced, enlaced.
koromote,fromotherto end dele and insert:—
koromoteno, sleeve, used with the syllableta(hand, or a homophon), with the syllablena(naga), withma(ma temeaning ‘both hands’, i.e. perfect or complete or pair, soma-kai, pair ofoars?), withkaheru(comp.hiru-gaheru, to wave).
Kotori(Lay 250) =kototori, i.e.koto wo toriokonafu, an administrator or commissioner (to levy troops).
kurenawino, scarlet or light red; perhaps =Kureno awi= Kure indigo, Kure being a name for Go or Wu in China; used withiro, colour,asa, light tinted,utsushi kokoro, real heart regarded as ‘red’, i.e. true.
makibashira,forwordreadwood.
matamatsuku,insertaftermatamanasuthread-jewels applied to syllablewoas homophon ofwo, thread.
matorisumu, delemamori.
midzukukino,addthere is also a pl. n.Midzukuki no Woka.
mimorotsuku, addtsukumay beitsuku, reverence.Miwais a pl. n., also ‘sacred saké’, also ‘tub for brewing saké’, alsomiwaku= gushing of water, or fermenting of saké liquor.
minasegaha,translatemy life trickles on, lessening month by month, day by day, as the water of a waterless stream (which disappears under the dry bed—a very common result in Japan) whose gradual exhaustion is like the death of men from love.
miru, inLay 263, means—to have emotional or intellectual experience of.
misagowiru,addmore likely = where ospreys (misago) are.
mitsumitsushi,forccxxviireadLay 227.
momoshikino,aftercountlessshiki addor provided with many defences.
momotarazu, forikareadi= fifty.
momoyogusa,dele all afterpyrethrum, and addchichi haha ga | tono no shiri he no | momoyogusa | momoyo idemase | waga kitaru made, like the hundred-ages-herb that groweth behind my father and mother’s mansion, live thou for a hundred ages until I return (a lover dispatched on official duty to his mistress).
nahanorino,fornot yet toldreadcertainly untold to parents.
nihatadzumi,readform pools as rain does.
nihatsulori,—nihatsutori.
nikogusano, said to be Solomon’s seal (flower);hanatsuma= beautiful woman.
sagoromono,afterfastenedadd,tsuku.
sahidzuruyo, readsahidzuruya.
sakidakeno,addor bedfellow.
sanekayano,read,sa nahe kaya no, pliant askaya(dwarf bamboo).
sashisusumu,addperhaps error formuratama=nubatamawhich might be m. k. of Kurusu, takingkuru=kuro, black.
shikishimano,readfort-island or isolated place.
shinaderu, slopewise withkata, shoulder, slope.
shinazakaru, separated by many steep passes.
shiranakuni,readunknown or remote provinces used with Koséji Kose-road,kose= come. A more elaborate explanation hints at the bringing or coming of remote lands under the sway of the Mikado.
shiranamino,deleperhaps … hills.
shizhikushiro,afterHadesaddas homophon ofyomi, excellent.
tadawatari, addanashiis also a name for the north-west windana! shi.
tamadzusa,afterlike inserttamadzusaflower.
tamakadzura,delefalse hair,afterchapletaddof beads, afterkageaddsparkle,dele words in( ),addother explanations are given by Motowori.
tamakiharu,after(arm)addforutsutsu, present real existence.
tamanowono,forcustomreador succession or life.
tamatareno,addm. k. of syllablewotaken aswo, thread.
tamatasuki,forlie on &c.readfasten rounduneoruna.
tatamikeme,for‘rush, (matting)’read‘rush’ (matting).
tobusatate,readThe Kogi &c.,fortree-topsreadlopped tree-trunk.
tokikinuno,afterunfastenedaddor taken to pieces.
tokozhimono, like a bed-place,afterprostrateadd(on pallet of reeds, &c.).
tomoshihino,readlike a light or flame giving light.
tonogumori, forgumovireadgumori.
tsumagomoru, aftersaadd (see N. I. 402, 2nduta),beforemeaninginsertperhaps the real.
uchitawori, perhaps simply by syllable-repetition a m. k. of syllableta.
udzuranasu, readihahiasi-hahi.
umashimono,addthe true orangekunempo.
umazhimono, fornakareadnaha.
wagasekowo, readwaga seko wo | na kose no yama no | yobu kotori | kimi yobi kahese | yo no fukenu to ni, far gone is the night, ye birds that cry on Kose hill, turn back my lord, crying to him, cross not the hills (to prevent him leaving her).
wagatatami,readmy own mat.
wagimokowo,addHayami is the name of a part of the coast of Settsu … in the phrasewagimokowo kiki Tsuga nu, prefatially, as if …kikitsugi… my love, of whose beauty the fame passeth from age to age.
wakakusano, addwakaku he, while young by side of.…
yakitachiwoor-no, with the syllablesto(toshi), smart, ready, vigorous, andhe, side.
yakushihono,addbeforekohi,karaki, passionate.
yamanowino,afterwelladdor source, not deep like an artificial well.
yufuhinasu(to followyufuhanano), like evening sun, used withuraguhashi(delightful to the feelings, asmaguhashiis delightful to the eye).
yufutatami,afterBroussonetiaaddkept: aftertatamiinsert a comma.
yukumidzuno, aftersayakekuread (clear-sounding as running water).
agari, readakari,toyo no akari.ahare, pitiful; later—interesting, seeLay 231.ahishi=arasohishi?akazu, sometimes =tarazu.amatsu mikado,addi.e. tomb ormi-sasagiof Mikado.aretsukashi=araharetsukahe(nottsugu), cause to establish, build,94.arikuru=arisofu,arasofu,240.ariso, strictly, perhaps, rough shingly shore.asa hi nasu, morning-sun-like.asamashigari, forakererureadakireru.asatedzukuri, remove ‘notes’ after ‘203’.ato, forkatureadkata.awayuki, snow just melting,p. 194.ayakaki, pictured, patterned, T.chôka, long lays.fuhaya, soft,p. 194.fumedomo,remove‘(Chinesewen)’ to next word after ‘13’.fumi-nuku, tread, trample, wear through.futoshiritate, stablish stoutly,263.hanka, envoys (to the lays).hokosugi,fortallreadupright.hotaru,forprettyreadfirefly.idete, foridyurureadidzuru.i-kaki-watariafter (watari)insert102,dele the rest.ikameshiu, sumptuously, T.i-karuga,omithyphen.ikidohoru, vexed, angry.imohi(orimowi?),imofu, to seclude oneself ritually, be tabooed. Seep. 218.(w)inaba, thewbelongs to next line,winaba, form of &c.isogakure, rocks or shore, &c.itate, readitato.iyatate=iyoiyotatete.ka,afterdayadd a comma.kabakari(p. 203) = this much, so much, equally.kako totonohe, arrange rowers in due order, seeLay 258.kanahama, readkanahamu.kara,omit the—.kare yuku, go on withering,234.kaushi, lattices, T.Ki-ji,omit the comma.kiki-kofuru,omit the comma.kiyora(keura), inLay 229, pure, precious, rare.kokire,forplank toreadpluck and.koshi,addalso palanquin, litter.kote, readkôte.kou, prefix asterisk.kure kure,addsecretly.kusa musa, readkusamusu.makari,afterdownomit the comma.maki-mi,addor equalnasu.managari, entwine arms,p. 194.meguri, for-reburead-reba.meshi-tsugi, rather, one who takes an order or message.mi, adjectival or verbal suffix, seems to denote habit, state, &c.mikado,addSovran.mizhika uta, short lays,tanka, envoys.momonaga ni, with legs out-stretched,p. 194.moto hikaru,addvalue ofmotouncertain, probably lower part of stem.mushibusuma, warm coverlet,p. 194.nabe,addgives a sense of completeness,yoroshi nabe,14.nadzumi, obstruct, impede, be obstruction to.nadzusafu, also =nadzusaharu=nazhimu, be intimate, friendly with.naga-uta, long lays, orchôka.naki-wataru,add(or go on singing as birds do).nani,addthing, anything.naresofu, accompany.nari-hahi, produce (vegetable).neburi, look with half-closed eyes, perhaps =niramu, stare.nikibi-nishi,addcomfortable.nobu,kokoro wo noburather means ‘explain meaning’.nogaroyeru, readnogaroyenu.nusometimes = precativene,ahanuin42=ahane kashi.nutsutori, pheasant.ohashimashinu,sarimashita. (Taketori.)ohi-mi, rather act, or state of carrying on back.ohorokani,oho-ro-ka, an obscure word, perhaps =oho ni, greatly. The note to263should be changed by altering ‘lightly’ to ‘gravely, seriously’.ohotono,for189read184.oiraka, simply (Lay 205).oiraka ni,readplainly, simply.osuhi,addor perhaps an outer dress.rani, after verbs =ge ni,60.sabi,addhas force of ‘like’, askamusabi, godlike.sakimori, soldier of frontier garrison (Tsukushi)—literally, cape-watcher or (perhaps) frontier (sakahi) guard. SeeLay 258.saki-tsugi, bloom successively.samorafu, forhaterureadhaberu(be, do).sarazu,p. 232, inevitably.saritote,for comma afteryet,put—.sayagu, rustle,p. 194.shigarami,dele the;shima-dzutahi, oar along coasts of, or amid, islands.shinaye, droop (physically or morally), seeLay 240.shizhi-nuki,shigeku tsuranuku, well equipped (as boat with oars) or well furnished as bead-lace withtama, wreath with blossoms, &c. SeeLay 258.sode,read(so, dress,de, arm), sleeve.sora mo naku=ki wo ushinahi, lose one’s wits, T.sotataki(sotto), soft-pat, stroke.tachi-azaru, to be anxious, distracted.tachi-narasu, level by standing on (as when one frequents a particular spot).tadaka, real self, person.tadamuki, arm,194.tadayofu, drift, T.tagoshi,beforemeninserttwo or few.tahagoto,better readfoolishness, jest.takubusuma, white-bark coverlet,p. 194.
agari, readakari,toyo no akari.
ahare, pitiful; later—interesting, seeLay 231.
ahishi=arasohishi?
akazu, sometimes =tarazu.
amatsu mikado,addi.e. tomb ormi-sasagiof Mikado.
aretsukashi=araharetsukahe(nottsugu), cause to establish, build,94.
arikuru=arisofu,arasofu,240.
ariso, strictly, perhaps, rough shingly shore.
asa hi nasu, morning-sun-like.
asamashigari, forakererureadakireru.
asatedzukuri, remove ‘notes’ after ‘203’.
ato, forkatureadkata.
awayuki, snow just melting,p. 194.
ayakaki, pictured, patterned, T.
chôka, long lays.
fuhaya, soft,p. 194.
fumedomo,remove‘(Chinesewen)’ to next word after ‘13’.
fumi-nuku, tread, trample, wear through.
futoshiritate, stablish stoutly,263.
hanka, envoys (to the lays).
hokosugi,fortallreadupright.
hotaru,forprettyreadfirefly.
idete, foridyurureadidzuru.
i-kaki-watariafter (watari)insert102,dele the rest.
ikameshiu, sumptuously, T.
i-karuga,omithyphen.
ikidohoru, vexed, angry.
imohi(orimowi?),imofu, to seclude oneself ritually, be tabooed. Seep. 218.
(w)inaba, thewbelongs to next line,winaba, form of &c.
isogakure, rocks or shore, &c.
itate, readitato.
iyatate=iyoiyotatete.
ka,afterdayadd a comma.
kabakari(p. 203) = this much, so much, equally.
kako totonohe, arrange rowers in due order, seeLay 258.
kanahama, readkanahamu.
kara,omit the—.
kare yuku, go on withering,234.
kaushi, lattices, T.
Ki-ji,omit the comma.
kiki-kofuru,omit the comma.
kiyora(keura), inLay 229, pure, precious, rare.
kokire,forplank toreadpluck and.
koshi,addalso palanquin, litter.
kote, readkôte.
kou, prefix asterisk.
kure kure,addsecretly.
kusa musa, readkusamusu.
makari,afterdownomit the comma.
maki-mi,addor equalnasu.
managari, entwine arms,p. 194.
meguri, for-reburead-reba.
meshi-tsugi, rather, one who takes an order or message.
mi, adjectival or verbal suffix, seems to denote habit, state, &c.
mikado,addSovran.
mizhika uta, short lays,tanka, envoys.
momonaga ni, with legs out-stretched,p. 194.
moto hikaru,addvalue ofmotouncertain, probably lower part of stem.
mushibusuma, warm coverlet,p. 194.
nabe,addgives a sense of completeness,yoroshi nabe,14.
nadzumi, obstruct, impede, be obstruction to.
nadzusafu, also =nadzusaharu=nazhimu, be intimate, friendly with.
naga-uta, long lays, orchôka.
naki-wataru,add(or go on singing as birds do).
nani,addthing, anything.
naresofu, accompany.
nari-hahi, produce (vegetable).
neburi, look with half-closed eyes, perhaps =niramu, stare.
nikibi-nishi,addcomfortable.
nobu,kokoro wo noburather means ‘explain meaning’.
nogaroyeru, readnogaroyenu.
nusometimes = precativene,ahanuin42=ahane kashi.
nutsutori, pheasant.
ohashimashinu,sarimashita. (Taketori.)
ohi-mi, rather act, or state of carrying on back.
ohorokani,oho-ro-ka, an obscure word, perhaps =oho ni, greatly. The note to263should be changed by altering ‘lightly’ to ‘gravely, seriously’.
ohotono,for189read184.
oiraka, simply (Lay 205).
oiraka ni,readplainly, simply.
osuhi,addor perhaps an outer dress.
rani, after verbs =ge ni,60.
sabi,addhas force of ‘like’, askamusabi, godlike.
sakimori, soldier of frontier garrison (Tsukushi)—literally, cape-watcher or (perhaps) frontier (sakahi) guard. SeeLay 258.
saki-tsugi, bloom successively.
samorafu, forhaterureadhaberu(be, do).
sarazu,p. 232, inevitably.
saritote,for comma afteryet,put—.
sayagu, rustle,p. 194.
shigarami,dele the;
shima-dzutahi, oar along coasts of, or amid, islands.
shinaye, droop (physically or morally), seeLay 240.
shizhi-nuki,shigeku tsuranuku, well equipped (as boat with oars) or well furnished as bead-lace withtama, wreath with blossoms, &c. SeeLay 258.
sode,read(so, dress,de, arm), sleeve.
sora mo naku=ki wo ushinahi, lose one’s wits, T.
sotataki(sotto), soft-pat, stroke.
tachi-azaru, to be anxious, distracted.
tachi-narasu, level by standing on (as when one frequents a particular spot).
tadaka, real self, person.
tadamuki, arm,194.
tadayofu, drift, T.
tagoshi,beforemeninserttwo or few.
tahagoto,better readfoolishness, jest.
takubusuma, white-bark coverlet,p. 194.
OXFORD: PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A.