Chapter 22

development,n.unfoldment, progression,evolution; hypertrophy (excessive development).Antonyms: atrophy,undevelopment,abortion,embryo.deviate,v.swerve, deflect,digress,stray,wander, diverge.Antonym: continue.deviation,n.swerving, deflection,digression,divergence.device,n.contrivance, invention, expedient,wile,maneuver,artifice,trickery; symbol, motto,legend, cognizance.devil,n.Satan, Lucifer, Apollyon, Belial, Beelzebub, deuce, dickens, Mephistopheles, Asmodeus, Abaddon;demon,fiend.Associated words: diabolology, Satanic, demoniac, exorcise, exorcism, diabolism, Izedi, Izedism, demonology.devilish,a.demoniac, diabolical,fiendish, infernal;atrocious,reprobate.devil-may-care,a.reckless,defiant.deviltry,n.devilry, diablerie, devilment, fiendishness.devious,a.wandering,circuitous,mazy,winding, tortuous,roundabout;erring,sinful.devise,v.contrive, invent,scheme,concoct, excogitate;bequeath.devoted person.devotee,zealot.devotion,n.consecration,dedication;zeal,allegiance,attachment,love;worship, adoration; religion,holiness, devoutness; fetishism, infatuation.devotional,a.reverential,devout.devour,v.consume.devout,a.pious,reverent,devotional,godly,holy,religious.Antonyms: irreverent,irreligious, impious,unholy.dexterity,n.expertness,skill, adroitness,aptitude,readiness.dexterous,a.expert, adroit,skillful.dialing,n.gnomonics.dialogue,n.colloquy, duologue, interlocutory, interlocution, collocution.Associated words: interlocutor, interlocutory, collocutor.diarrhea,n.flux; lientery; (of cattle) scour.diatribe,n.philippic,tirade, invective,screed.dice,n.die,cube.Associated word: cleromancy.dicker,v.trade,barter, negotiate,exchange.--n.barter,trade,exchange, chaffering.dictate,n.command, admonition, prescription,impulse.dictator,n.despot, autocrat.dictatorial,a.imperious, dogmatical,overbearing.diction,n.language, phraseology.dictionary,n.lexicon, vocabulary,wordbook, glossary; gazetteer, gradus, onomasticon, idioticon, thesaurus.Associated words: lexicography, lexicographer, lexicographic.dido,n.trick,antic,caper,prank.die,v.expire, perish,decease; wither,fade,vanish, recede,wane,subside, languish.die,n.dice;stamp.differ,v.beunlike;disagree.Antonyms:agree, concur.difference,n.dissimilarity,unlikeness,distinction,variation,contrast, discrepancy,discrimination, disparity,diversity, dissimilitude, incompatibility,inequality, heterogeneity,variety; dissension,variance. Seedisagreement.Antonyms:uniformity,similarity, agreement consonance,correspondence, indiscrimination, promiscuity, identity.different,a.dissimilar,unlike,contrary,opposite, contrasted, variant,diversified,manifold,various,diverse,sundry, incompatible, heterogeneous,nondescript, miscellaneousunclassifiable,unique.Antonyms:similar,like,same.differentiate,v.discriminate.differentiation,n.discrimination.difficult,a.arduous,onerous,complicated,intricate,hard; uncompliant, intractable,perverse,fastidious,exacting.Antonyms: facile,light,easy.difficulty,n.obstacle,impediment,obstruction; arduousness,hardness;controversy,disagreement,objection,cavil; predicament,quandary,dilemma.Antonyms:ease, facility, extrication,release.diffidence,n.timidity,bashfulness.diffident,a.bashful,timid,shy.diffuse,a.copious,full, verbose, prolix.dig,v.delve, excavate,scoop;thrust,poke,punch, jab; exhume (dig up).dig,n.thrust,punch,poke; grind (student).digest,v.codify,systematize, methodize, classify.digest,n.pandect,summary, code,system,abridgment.digestion,n.eupepsia.Antonyms: indigestion, dyspepsia.Associated words: peptics, pepsin, peptic, pepticity,chyme,chyle, digestible, digestibility, indigestible, indigestibility.digging,n.excavation; exhumation (digging up).Associated words: fossorial, fodient.diggings,n. pl.(Slang)region, locality.dignified,a.stately,majestic,august,imposing, decorous.Antonyms: Seeundignified.dignify,v.exalt,grace, ennoble,honor,elevate.dignity,n.exaltation, eminence; stateliness;honor, preferment.digress,v.deviate, depart,wander,turn aside.digression,n.deviation,divergence; episode,incident.dike,n.levee,embankment.dike warden.dikereeve.dilapidated,a.ramshackle, dismantled.dilate,v.expand, distend;expatiate.dilation,n.expansion, dilatation, distention; expatiation.dilemma,n.predicament,quandary,difficulty,strait,pickle.Antonyms: extrication,release.diligence,n.assiduity, sedulousness, sedulity,perseverance, stagecoach (France).diligent,a.sedulous,industrious,assiduous,persevering.Antonyms: Seelazy.dillydally,v.dawdle,dally, fritter,trifle,loiter.dillydallying,n.dawdling,loitering,trifling,dalliance.dilute,v.attenuate,thin,weaken,reduce.diluter,n.diluent, attenuant.dilution,n.attenuation,thinning,reduction.dim,a.obscure, indistinct,faint, sullied,blurred.Antonyms:bright, vivid,intense,clear.dim,v.bedim,obscure,darken,dull,eclipse,blur,tarnish.diminish,v.decrease,reduce,abate,lessen,contract,curtail.diminution,n.reduction,decrease,abatement, decrement.dim-sighted,a.purblind, moonblind.din,n.clamor,noise,racket,uproar,hubbub, clangor,hullabaloo.dinner,n.Associated words: prandial, post-prandial, croupier, ante-prandial, dine, diner.dinner pail.blickey (Local U.S.).dint,n.indentation,dent;force,power.dip,v.plunge,immerse,duck,souse,douse,dive; lade.direct,a.straight, undeviating; diametrical.Antonyms:indirect,circuitous,roundabout.direct,v.point,aim;guide,pilot,lead,steer, regulate,govern,control,manage,conduct, superintend,instruct;address, superscribe.direction,n.guidance,government, administration,management, superintendence,oversight;instruction,order,command;address, superscription.directly,adv.diametrically;immediately.dirge,n.requiem, coronach, trental, threnody.dirt,n.earth,soil; squalor,filth, muck, foulness.dirt-eater,n.geophagist.dirt-eating,n.geophagism, chthonophagia, pica.dirty,a.defiled,unclean,foul,nasty,filthy, soiled, begrimed,grimy,squalid, uncleanly, loathsome, bedraggled, daggletailed, besmeared, sullied;sordid,groveling,despicable,vile,contemptible,abject.dirty,v.soil, befoul, begrime, besmirch, sully,tarnish, besmear,defile.disable,v.incapacitate, disqualify,cripple, maim.disabled,a.disqualified,crippled, maimed, incapacitated,hors de combat.disadvantage,n.inconvenience, detriment,hindrance,drawback, inexpediency.disadvantageous,a.inconvenient, detrimental,unfavorable, inexpedient, prejudicial.disagree,v.beat variance,differ,contend,dissent,contradict,quarrel, altercate, spar.disagreeable,a.unpleasant,distasteful,offensive,fulsome,uncongenial,contrary, incongruous, inconformable,inconsistent.disagreeing,a.incompatible.disagreement,n.difference;quarrel,bickering,dispute, altercation, sparring,squabble,contention,controversy,dissent,variance.disappear,v.vanish, evanesce, recede, be lost toview.disappearance,n.vanishing, evanescence.disappoint,v.dissatisfy,frustrate,balk,foil,baffle,defeat.disappointment,n.frustration,dissatisfaction, balking,defeat, nonsuccess.disapproval,n.disapprobation,dislike,disfavor.disaster,n.calamity,mishap,catastrophe,casualty.disastrous,a.calamitous, deplorable,unfortunate, ill-fateddisband,v.demobilize,disorganize.disbandment,n.demobilization,disorganization.discern,v.perceive, discriminate,distinguish. Seesee.discernible,a.perceptible,visible,noticeable, discoverable,apparent,manifest.discerning,a.acute,sharp-sighted,shrewd.discernment,n.insight,penetration,judgment,discrimination.discharge,v.absolve,acquit, exculpate,release, exonerate,free;dismiss,cashier,remove; excrete, exude,void,eject, emit,expel;pay, liquidate;fulfill,perform;fire,shoot,volley;annul, rescind,invalidate,abrogate,cancel.Antonyms:retain,hold.discharge,n. firing, burst,blast,volley, fusillade, salvo; acquittance, exoneration, quittance,release;fulfillment, observance,performance;dismissal; liquidation, payment evacuation, emission,ejection, exudation, excretion voiding; quietus.discharged,a. dismissed, acquitted; emeritus.disciple,n. adherent,follower.disciplinarian,n. martinet (strict disciplinarian).discipline,n.correction,chastisement,punishment; submission regulation; martinetism.Antonyms: laxity,unrestraint,indulgence.disclaim,v.disown,deny, disavow,renounce,repudiate.discomfiture,n. disconcertion,abashment,confusion,frustration,defeat.discommode,v. inconvenience, incommode,trouble.discomposure,n.agitation,perturbation,confusion.disconnect,v.detach, dissever, disjoin,separate.disconnected,a. detached,separate,isolated, incoherent.disconnection,n.detachment, disunion,separation, incoherence.disconsolate,a. inconsolable,broken-hearted.discontent,n.dissatisfaction, discontentment.Antonyms: contentment,satisfaction.discontented,a.dissatisfied,restless, malcontent, disgruntleddiscord,n. dissonance, discordance, inharmony,variance, dissension.Antonyms:harmony,agreement, consonancediscordant,a. inharmonious, dissonant, jarring, unmelodious strident;at variance,contradictory, repugnant absonant.discount,n.deduction,allowance,rebate.discourage,v.dishearten, dispirit, depress,deter,dampen, unnerve,oppose,dissuade.discouragement,n.depression, dejection;opposition,dissuasion, intimidation, determent,damper,obstacle,difficulty,barrier.discouraging,a.depressing, disheartening, dissuasive.discourse,n.dissertation,address, disquisition,oration,harangue,speech.discourteous,a.uncivil,rude,disrespectful,abrupt,unmannerly,boorish, inurbane.discourtesy,n.rudeness,incivility, inurbanity,impoliteness.discover,v.ascertain, detect,unearth, descry,discern, disclose, ferretout.discovery,n.ascertainment, detection, unearthing, disclosure.discredit,n.disesteem,disrepute,unpopularity.discreet,a.prudent, circumspect,wary,judicious.discretion,n.prudence, circumspection, wariness;choice,liberty,will.Antonyms:indiscretion, imprudence,compulsion,constraint,coercion.discretional,a.optional, discretionary, elective.Antonyms:compulsory,obligatory.discriminating,a.distinguishing, differential, discriminative.discrimination,n.difference,distinction,discernment,judgment.Antonyms: indiscrimination, promiscuity, undiscernment.discuss,v.debate,argue, canvass,agitate,moot,deliberate.discussion,n.debate,argument, canvass,agitation,consideration, symposium, forensic.disdain,n.scorn, contumely, superciliousness,contempt.disdainful,a.contemptuous,scornful, contumelious, supercilious.disease,n.ailment,disorder,malady,complaint, affection, distemper;plague,pestilence,pest; epidemic, endemic.Antonyms:health,vigor.Associated words: nosology, nosography, etiology, nosogeny, pathology, pathologist, pathological, pathogeny, therapeutics, symptomatology, diagnosis, pathognomonic, diagnostics, semeiology, semeiography, clinic, polyclinic, prognosis,contagion,infection,contagious,infectious, zoonosology, enantiopathy, loimography, loimology, quarantine, pathogene,germ, microbe, bacteria, bacillus, incubation.diseased,a.morbid,unhealthful.disembowel,v.eviscerate,gut.disembowelment,n.evisceration.disengage,v.extricate, disembarrass, disentangle,detach, dissociate.disfavor,n.disapproval.disfigure,v.deface,mar,blemish.disfigurement,n.disfiguration,defacement;blemish,deformity.disgrace,n.reproach,discredit,dishonor,shame,infamy,degradation,disrepute,ignominy, obloquy,odium, opprobrium,scandal,debasement,abasement.

development,n.unfoldment, progression,evolution; hypertrophy (excessive development).Antonyms: atrophy,undevelopment,abortion,embryo.

deviate,v.swerve, deflect,digress,stray,wander, diverge.Antonym: continue.

deviation,n.swerving, deflection,digression,divergence.

device,n.contrivance, invention, expedient,wile,maneuver,artifice,trickery; symbol, motto,legend, cognizance.

devil,n.Satan, Lucifer, Apollyon, Belial, Beelzebub, deuce, dickens, Mephistopheles, Asmodeus, Abaddon;demon,fiend.Associated words: diabolology, Satanic, demoniac, exorcise, exorcism, diabolism, Izedi, Izedism, demonology.

devilish,a.demoniac, diabolical,fiendish, infernal;atrocious,reprobate.

devil-may-care,a.reckless,defiant.

deviltry,n.devilry, diablerie, devilment, fiendishness.

devious,a.wandering,circuitous,mazy,winding, tortuous,roundabout;erring,sinful.

devise,v.contrive, invent,scheme,concoct, excogitate;bequeath.

devoted person.devotee,zealot.

devotion,n.consecration,dedication;zeal,allegiance,attachment,love;worship, adoration; religion,holiness, devoutness; fetishism, infatuation.

devotional,a.reverential,devout.

devour,v.consume.

devout,a.pious,reverent,devotional,godly,holy,religious.Antonyms: irreverent,irreligious, impious,unholy.

dexterity,n.expertness,skill, adroitness,aptitude,readiness.

dexterous,a.expert, adroit,skillful.

dialing,n.gnomonics.

dialogue,n.colloquy, duologue, interlocutory, interlocution, collocution.Associated words: interlocutor, interlocutory, collocutor.

diarrhea,n.flux; lientery; (of cattle) scour.

diatribe,n.philippic,tirade, invective,screed.

dice,n.die,cube.Associated word: cleromancy.

dicker,v.trade,barter, negotiate,exchange.--n.barter,trade,exchange, chaffering.

dictate,n.command, admonition, prescription,impulse.

dictator,n.despot, autocrat.

dictatorial,a.imperious, dogmatical,overbearing.

diction,n.language, phraseology.

dictionary,n.lexicon, vocabulary,wordbook, glossary; gazetteer, gradus, onomasticon, idioticon, thesaurus.Associated words: lexicography, lexicographer, lexicographic.

dido,n.trick,antic,caper,prank.

die,v.expire, perish,decease; wither,fade,vanish, recede,wane,subside, languish.

die,n.dice;stamp.

differ,v.beunlike;disagree.Antonyms:agree, concur.

difference,n.dissimilarity,unlikeness,distinction,variation,contrast, discrepancy,discrimination, disparity,diversity, dissimilitude, incompatibility,inequality, heterogeneity,variety; dissension,variance. Seedisagreement.Antonyms:uniformity,similarity, agreement consonance,correspondence, indiscrimination, promiscuity, identity.

different,a.dissimilar,unlike,contrary,opposite, contrasted, variant,diversified,manifold,various,diverse,sundry, incompatible, heterogeneous,nondescript, miscellaneousunclassifiable,unique.Antonyms:similar,like,same.

differentiate,v.discriminate.

differentiation,n.discrimination.

difficult,a.arduous,onerous,complicated,intricate,hard; uncompliant, intractable,perverse,fastidious,exacting.Antonyms: facile,light,easy.

difficulty,n.obstacle,impediment,obstruction; arduousness,hardness;controversy,disagreement,objection,cavil; predicament,quandary,dilemma.Antonyms:ease, facility, extrication,release.

diffidence,n.timidity,bashfulness.

diffident,a.bashful,timid,shy.

diffuse,a.copious,full, verbose, prolix.

dig,v.delve, excavate,scoop;thrust,poke,punch, jab; exhume (dig up).

dig,n.thrust,punch,poke; grind (student).

digest,v.codify,systematize, methodize, classify.

digest,n.pandect,summary, code,system,abridgment.

digestion,n.eupepsia.Antonyms: indigestion, dyspepsia.Associated words: peptics, pepsin, peptic, pepticity,chyme,chyle, digestible, digestibility, indigestible, indigestibility.

digging,n.excavation; exhumation (digging up).Associated words: fossorial, fodient.

diggings,n. pl.(Slang)region, locality.

dignified,a.stately,majestic,august,imposing, decorous.Antonyms: Seeundignified.

dignify,v.exalt,grace, ennoble,honor,elevate.

dignity,n.exaltation, eminence; stateliness;honor, preferment.

digress,v.deviate, depart,wander,turn aside.

digression,n.deviation,divergence; episode,incident.

dike,n.levee,embankment.

dike warden.dikereeve.

dilapidated,a.ramshackle, dismantled.

dilate,v.expand, distend;expatiate.

dilation,n.expansion, dilatation, distention; expatiation.

dilemma,n.predicament,quandary,difficulty,strait,pickle.Antonyms: extrication,release.

diligence,n.assiduity, sedulousness, sedulity,perseverance, stagecoach (France).

diligent,a.sedulous,industrious,assiduous,persevering.Antonyms: Seelazy.

dillydally,v.dawdle,dally, fritter,trifle,loiter.

dillydallying,n.dawdling,loitering,trifling,dalliance.

dilute,v.attenuate,thin,weaken,reduce.

diluter,n.diluent, attenuant.

dilution,n.attenuation,thinning,reduction.

dim,a.obscure, indistinct,faint, sullied,blurred.Antonyms:bright, vivid,intense,clear.

dim,v.bedim,obscure,darken,dull,eclipse,blur,tarnish.

diminish,v.decrease,reduce,abate,lessen,contract,curtail.

diminution,n.reduction,decrease,abatement, decrement.

dim-sighted,a.purblind, moonblind.

din,n.clamor,noise,racket,uproar,hubbub, clangor,hullabaloo.

dinner,n.Associated words: prandial, post-prandial, croupier, ante-prandial, dine, diner.

dinner pail.blickey (Local U.S.).

dint,n.indentation,dent;force,power.

dip,v.plunge,immerse,duck,souse,douse,dive; lade.

direct,a.straight, undeviating; diametrical.Antonyms:indirect,circuitous,roundabout.

direct,v.point,aim;guide,pilot,lead,steer, regulate,govern,control,manage,conduct, superintend,instruct;address, superscribe.

direction,n.guidance,government, administration,management, superintendence,oversight;instruction,order,command;address, superscription.

directly,adv.diametrically;immediately.

dirge,n.requiem, coronach, trental, threnody.

dirt,n.earth,soil; squalor,filth, muck, foulness.

dirt-eater,n.geophagist.

dirt-eating,n.geophagism, chthonophagia, pica.

dirty,a.defiled,unclean,foul,nasty,filthy, soiled, begrimed,grimy,squalid, uncleanly, loathsome, bedraggled, daggletailed, besmeared, sullied;sordid,groveling,despicable,vile,contemptible,abject.

dirty,v.soil, befoul, begrime, besmirch, sully,tarnish, besmear,defile.

disable,v.incapacitate, disqualify,cripple, maim.

disabled,a.disqualified,crippled, maimed, incapacitated,hors de combat.

disadvantage,n.inconvenience, detriment,hindrance,drawback, inexpediency.

disadvantageous,a.inconvenient, detrimental,unfavorable, inexpedient, prejudicial.

disagree,v.beat variance,differ,contend,dissent,contradict,quarrel, altercate, spar.

disagreeable,a.unpleasant,distasteful,offensive,fulsome,uncongenial,contrary, incongruous, inconformable,inconsistent.

disagreeing,a.incompatible.

disagreement,n.difference;quarrel,bickering,dispute, altercation, sparring,squabble,contention,controversy,dissent,variance.

disappear,v.vanish, evanesce, recede, be lost toview.

disappearance,n.vanishing, evanescence.

disappoint,v.dissatisfy,frustrate,balk,foil,baffle,defeat.

disappointment,n.frustration,dissatisfaction, balking,defeat, nonsuccess.

disapproval,n.disapprobation,dislike,disfavor.

disaster,n.calamity,mishap,catastrophe,casualty.

disastrous,a.calamitous, deplorable,unfortunate, ill-fated

disband,v.demobilize,disorganize.

disbandment,n.demobilization,disorganization.

discern,v.perceive, discriminate,distinguish. Seesee.

discernible,a.perceptible,visible,noticeable, discoverable,apparent,manifest.

discerning,a.acute,sharp-sighted,shrewd.

discernment,n.insight,penetration,judgment,discrimination.

discharge,v.absolve,acquit, exculpate,release, exonerate,free;dismiss,cashier,remove; excrete, exude,void,eject, emit,expel;pay, liquidate;fulfill,perform;fire,shoot,volley;annul, rescind,invalidate,abrogate,cancel.Antonyms:retain,hold.

discharge,n. firing, burst,blast,volley, fusillade, salvo; acquittance, exoneration, quittance,release;fulfillment, observance,performance;dismissal; liquidation, payment evacuation, emission,ejection, exudation, excretion voiding; quietus.

discharged,a. dismissed, acquitted; emeritus.

disciple,n. adherent,follower.

disciplinarian,n. martinet (strict disciplinarian).

discipline,n.correction,chastisement,punishment; submission regulation; martinetism.Antonyms: laxity,unrestraint,indulgence.

disclaim,v.disown,deny, disavow,renounce,repudiate.

discomfiture,n. disconcertion,abashment,confusion,frustration,defeat.

discommode,v. inconvenience, incommode,trouble.

discomposure,n.agitation,perturbation,confusion.

disconnect,v.detach, dissever, disjoin,separate.

disconnected,a. detached,separate,isolated, incoherent.

disconnection,n.detachment, disunion,separation, incoherence.

disconsolate,a. inconsolable,broken-hearted.

discontent,n.dissatisfaction, discontentment.Antonyms: contentment,satisfaction.

discontented,a.dissatisfied,restless, malcontent, disgruntled

discord,n. dissonance, discordance, inharmony,variance, dissension.Antonyms:harmony,agreement, consonance

discordant,a. inharmonious, dissonant, jarring, unmelodious strident;at variance,contradictory, repugnant absonant.

discount,n.deduction,allowance,rebate.

discourage,v.dishearten, dispirit, depress,deter,dampen, unnerve,oppose,dissuade.

discouragement,n.depression, dejection;opposition,dissuasion, intimidation, determent,damper,obstacle,difficulty,barrier.

discouraging,a.depressing, disheartening, dissuasive.

discourse,n.dissertation,address, disquisition,oration,harangue,speech.

discourteous,a.uncivil,rude,disrespectful,abrupt,unmannerly,boorish, inurbane.

discourtesy,n.rudeness,incivility, inurbanity,impoliteness.

discover,v.ascertain, detect,unearth, descry,discern, disclose, ferretout.

discovery,n.ascertainment, detection, unearthing, disclosure.

discredit,n.disesteem,disrepute,unpopularity.

discreet,a.prudent, circumspect,wary,judicious.

discretion,n.prudence, circumspection, wariness;choice,liberty,will.Antonyms:indiscretion, imprudence,compulsion,constraint,coercion.

discretional,a.optional, discretionary, elective.Antonyms:compulsory,obligatory.

discriminating,a.distinguishing, differential, discriminative.

discrimination,n.difference,distinction,discernment,judgment.Antonyms: indiscrimination, promiscuity, undiscernment.

discuss,v.debate,argue, canvass,agitate,moot,deliberate.

discussion,n.debate,argument, canvass,agitation,consideration, symposium, forensic.

disdain,n.scorn, contumely, superciliousness,contempt.

disdainful,a.contemptuous,scornful, contumelious, supercilious.

disease,n.ailment,disorder,malady,complaint, affection, distemper;plague,pestilence,pest; epidemic, endemic.Antonyms:health,vigor.Associated words: nosology, nosography, etiology, nosogeny, pathology, pathologist, pathological, pathogeny, therapeutics, symptomatology, diagnosis, pathognomonic, diagnostics, semeiology, semeiography, clinic, polyclinic, prognosis,contagion,infection,contagious,infectious, zoonosology, enantiopathy, loimography, loimology, quarantine, pathogene,germ, microbe, bacteria, bacillus, incubation.

diseased,a.morbid,unhealthful.

disembowel,v.eviscerate,gut.

disembowelment,n.evisceration.

disengage,v.extricate, disembarrass, disentangle,detach, dissociate.

disfavor,n.disapproval.

disfigure,v.deface,mar,blemish.

disfigurement,n.disfiguration,defacement;blemish,deformity.

disgrace,n.reproach,discredit,dishonor,shame,infamy,degradation,disrepute,ignominy, obloquy,odium, opprobrium,scandal,debasement,abasement.


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