FOOTNOTES:

FOOTNOTES:[60]“The city of New Orleans will be what we intend to make it, and we intend to make this city bloom as the rose, and we intend to enhance and increase this city of New Orleans, and we intend to open every by-road, and this very bill is going to make the city bigger, and we are going to pass this act. We intend not only to legislate for the city of New Orleans, but to stamp our record upon the door of this House of Representatives, so it will remain a century of years,” etc. House Debates, 1869, 359-60; also, 415.[61]House Debates, 1869, 110.[62]Ibid., 354.[63]New OrleansCommercial Bulletin, Jan. 22, 1869.[64]House Debates, 1869, 389.[65]Ibid., 1870, 287. See also Campbell’s speech, Sen. Deb., 679.[66]“The gentleman from Lafourche has spoken of bribery. Now, there is another absurdity, for a member gave him a cigar for a bribe, but he did not offer me one.” House Debates, 1869, 126. And “I rise to a point of order—this bill is a swindle,” 264. Again, a member proposed in all seriousness that the House adjourn in respect to the recent marriage of one of its members. When the speaker objected to such levity, he retorted: “It is a very serious event for the gentleman from St. Charles.”Ibid., 135. Another member rose to make the point of order that “the committee had no dignity,” 264.[67]On the immigration bill the following irrelevant amendments were offered:That 2000 shall be Chinese and 1000 Arabs.That a thousand thugs of India be included.“I move to include 500 monkeys.”That the company bring over half the population of Europe.Ibid., 1870, 281.[68]Ibid., 1869, 242.[69]Ibid., 1869, 112; Sen. Deb., 1870, 771, 749.[70]Ibid., 1870, 178.[71]Ibid., 149.[72]House Deb., 1869, 139; 1870, 191, 231. Sen. Deb., 1870, 705.[73]Sen. Deb., 1870, 639-40. House Deb., 1871, 87, where the gentleman from Orleans declared that he would not come to order, and did not heed the sergeant.[74]House Deb., 1869, 294.[75]Ibid., 1871, 90.[76]Carr had come from Maryland in 1865, was now twenty-six or twenty-seven years old, shrewd and wily in the extreme. House Misc. Docs., 42 Cong., 2 Sess., No. 211, 217.[77]Crescent, Jan. 26, 1869.[78]House Deb., 1871, 135-6.[79]Ibid., 1869, 111-12. The following statement of the speaker establishes the fact for 1871 clearly: “I will not allow while I am speaker of the House, to have spirituous liquors brought into the House. I must maintain the dignity of this House, if the House will not maintain its own dignity. I do not desire such a thing shall be done again.”Ibid., 1871, 114.[80]Ibid., 1869, 524.[81]Senate Deb., 1870, 222-3.[82]See speech on the constabulary bill,Ibid., 223-4.[83]Sen. Deb., 1870, 222-3.[84]House Misc. Doc., 42 Cong., 2 Sess., No. 211, 534. Note also the opinion of Nordhoff, prejudiced for negro rights. He was “unpleasantly startled,” not because they were black, but because they were so transparently ignorant and unfit, 49.[85]House Deb., 1870, 236.[86]Ibid., 1870, 345.[87]Ibid., 326.[88]House Deb., 1869, 331.[89]Ibid., 1871, 7-8.[90]Ibid., 200.[91]Ibid., 1869, 204.[92]Ibid., 1870, 78. Mr. McMillan characterized this spirit as follows: “That the House will pass it, I am convinced, for there is always something peculiar in the air which tells me when a bill of this character is sure of being put through, and I feel the breath of that air distinctly at this moment,” 268.[93]House Deb., 1869, 330.[94]Ibid., 264.[95]“Such influence we all know has been exerted for personal aggrandizement and to such an extent that in point of fact the General Assembly was actually turned into a machine for the advancement of the individual interests of its leaders.”Bee, Jan. 24, 1869. See alsoCommercial Bulletin, Feb. 6, 22.[96]Charges of bribery were brought in connection with the penitentiary bill, the slaughter house bill, and Chattanooga Railroad bill. The boldest charge came out on the paving bill: “I know who are lobbying this bill, and know the men they are using, and state upon the floor of this committee that this is simply for the benefit of that very man, and for the benefit of the lobbyists.”Ibid., 357-8.[97]House Deb., 1869, 72.[98]House Jour., 1870, 21.[99]House Deb., 1870, 10.[100]House Jour., 1870, 46.[101]Committees were appointed to investigate if bribery had been used in the appointment of officers of the Insane Asylum, the sale of levee bonds, the school-money, the defalcation of the Land Registrar, the councilmen of Jefferson City, the Metropolitan Police Commissioners, and Board of Public Works.[102]Session Laws of Louisiana, 1869, Nos. 10, 88.[103]Ibid., 1869, No. 66.[104]Sen. Deb., 1870, 771.[105]In 1869, the appropriation bill passed the House Jan. 7, the Senate Jan. 12; in 1870, it passed the House Jan. 10, the Senate Jan. 12.[106]Session Laws, 1869, No. 15; 1870, Nos. 2, 49.[107]Ibid., No. 52. The governor, unwilling to veto this bill, allowed it to become law by expiration of the time limit. Herbert says the overissue of vouchers forced these warrants down to two and one-half cents in 1871, 403.[108]House Deb., 1870, 22.[109]Ibid., 1869, 122. The speaker of 1871 considered that he had used his patronage very sparingly when he gave “three or four indigent friends places as messengers and clerks.”Ibid., 1871, 136.[110]House Jour., 1870, 62; Sen. Jour., 19-20. It was proposed to allow the chairman of each standing committee in the House $5 extra per day.[111]Sen. Deb., 1870, 845.[112]House Deb., 1869, 225.[113]Ibid., 17.[114]Ibid., 1870, 83.[115]Ibid., 484.[116]Session Laws, 1869, No. 114, Sec. 3,* 30; House Deb., 1870, 9.[117]Sen. Deb., 1870, 848.[118]House Deb., 1870, 313.[119]Session Laws, 1869, No. 116. The company drew $36,000 in bonds and was then merged with another company for a different purpose; and fell into the hands of a man who in 1875 was doing drainage at a cost 100% higher than responsible citizens were ready to accept.[120]Ibid., No. 51.[121]House Deb., 1869, 266.[122]“But why dwell further on a scheme the whole aim and purpose of which is to speculate, for individual or associate profit, at the expense of the people? What more need be said to demonstrate its impracticability—its utter disregard of the interests, the welfare, the health, and happiness of this community, and the unscrupulous motives and purpose of its designers and advocates.”Picayune, Jan. 7, 1869. Jan. 22, it advocated government aid to railroads and denounced the ship canal as an iniquitous project—wild and visionary.“It is susceptible of proof that certificates of stock in this wildcat speculation have been freely distributed among members of the legislature and others, for the purpose of influencing their votes in favor of this impudent proposition. Not only this but the principal individual whose name heads the list of corporators has boasted of the cheap rate at which our new legislature hold themselves.”Bee, Jan. 27, 1869. See also thePicayuneof Jan. 7 and Feb. 10, theCommercial Bulletinof Jan. 11, 25, Feb. 12, New OrleansTimes, Jan. 23.[123]House Deb., 1869, 106.[124]The Assembly of 1870 granted further aid against great opposition in the form of drainage taxes, amounting to about $2,000,000 per year. Session Laws, 1870, No. 4. Extra Session. This law was passed despite the complaint that in two years not a spadeful of earth had been dug, nothing done but the purchase for cash or credit of a dredge-boat. Sen. Deb., 1870, 751.[125]Session Laws, 1869, No. 147. It is interesting that even this early the wiser of the legislators were turning to the Federal government for help on their problem of bayous and levees.[126]Ibid., No. 146.[127]Ibid., No. 140. Its achievement was the removal of twenty stumps, people complained.[128]It must have been this date because it vanishes from the record after the 12th and the record of this one day is missing in the files of the paper. For the record of the Senate for 1869 we are dependent on the report in theCommercial Bulletin, no journal nor Senate debates being extant.[129]Laws of Louisiana, 1869, No. 26.[130]Session Laws, 1869, Nos. 143, 145.[131]Ibid., 1867, No. 115.[132]Ibid., No. 123.[133]House Deb., 1869, 446. It was eloquently and lengthily debated on March 1.Ibid., 399-429.[134]House Deb., 380.[135]“We have passed a bill to-day for Claiborne Parish, and where is the consistency of refusing to aid improvements in the parish of Lafourche?” House Deb., 1869, 381. Senator Ray declared it one of the “fundamental principles of my political theory that the State of Louisiana ought to aid all the works of internal improvement that appear to be beneficial.” Sen. Deb., 1870, 627.[136]Commercial Bulletin, Sept. 21, 1869. See also the same paper, same date, for agitation of opening of the southwest pass.[137]Jan. 3. See also issues of Jan. 26, 29, 30. This paper failed in September of that year.[138]Jan. 23.[139]Warmoth adduces proof of these statements. House Misc. Doc., 42 Cong., 2 Sess., No. 211, 285.[140]In the State bond bill were implicated some of the most respectable distinguished Democratic leaders of the State. House Misc. Doc., 42 Cong., 2 Sess., 333. See Scott’s testimony which shows a written contract between the bankers of New Orleans and certain lobby brokers, by which several millions of dollars were to be paid for getting a measure through which failed.Ibid.[141]“That there were ‘rings’ formed in both houses of the legislature for the sole and express purpose of blackmailing the people and plundering the treasury of the State, is perhaps a lamentable and humiliating fact. That there are men of both parties engaged in this disgraceful proceeding—men who would sell out their birthright for a mess of pottage, may also be true.” Quoted from theCrescentin a Congressional document.TheBeesays, Feb. 17, 1869, being reproached with accusing Democrats of joining in the corruption: “It was only yesterday that one of their own number, in our hearing, confessed the truth of the charge.”[142]Annual Cyclopedia, 1869, 394. TheBeedismissed it with the following terse comment: “Nous n’assomerons pas nos lecteurs de cette prose peu intéressante. Une analyse succincte suffira pour leur faire connaître ce que dit M. Warmoth.... Après avoir distillé son venin, le gouverneur aborde les affaires sérieuses.” Jan. 5. TheAbeilleorBeehad English pages at this time, a fact which accounts for both English and French excerpts.TheCrescentwas no more kindly: “This portion of the message is strictly and narrowly partisan, a tissue of bold, unqualified assertions and of self-evident exaggerations which would be indecent even in a campaign document; a weak but spiteful jumble of accusatory phrases in which there is but a single pretense to an argument, and that so puerile and idiotic in its fallacy as to be simply ridiculous.” Jan. 5.“The Governor applies harsh terms to our people. He attributes to them all the violence which may have existed in the State. Does he really think that he himself and his associates have had nothing to do with this excitement? Have the publications made by Republican papers, speakers, and writers contributed nothing to these troubles?” New OrleansCommercial Bulletin, Jan. 7, 1869.[143]Session Laws, 1869, Nos. 23, 27, 31, 33, 34, 41, 64, etc.[144]House Deb., 1869, 196.[145]Session Laws, 1869, No. 60.[146]Case of Minden, House Deb., 29.[147]Session Laws, 1868, No. 87.[148]An excerpt fromSt. Mary’s Bannerof Sept. 15 corroborates the statement which is often made of the planter’s indifference to politics. “Never did planters of this country show such devotion to business, such singleness of purpose to make money, and such utter want of interest in all things save crops, as at the present time.”It is to be regretted that none of the regular parish papers were available, but we are fortunate enough to catch many reflections through the editorial bickering in the columns of the city papers, which give us fairly accurately the position and spirit and consequent influence in molding public thought of each. Members of Congress accommodatingly brought in many excerpts in the course of debate. We scarcely need the files of the ShreveportTimes, thanks to the assiduity of Morton and the Radicals in quoting it.[149]“Every Southern State, save only Louisiana, is receiving accessions to her population from the tide of European immigration that daily strikes our shores.... The Bureau gives no sign. Then let it be abolished or let us have a change of personnel ... that which individual enterprise has accomplished for other States, this State-maintained institution has lamentably failed to do for us.”Pic., Dec. 19, 1870.[150]Commercial Bulletin, Feb. 8.[151]Session Laws, 1869, No. 38.[152]House Deb., 1869, 258-9.[153]“Apparently this state of calm does not suit the Radical leaders. Their continual control over the State must depend on the jealousy of the black towards the white people. They feel that the colored race have more confidence in the old citizens of Louisiana than in any newcomers. Hence the effort to revive a strife which would readily quiet itself without such stimulus.”Comm. Bulletin, Feb. 19, 1869.[154]Ibid., Feb. 22. As a form of revenge, it published the vote with the names.[155]Feb. 23. See also issue of Feb. 25.[156]Another social equality bill, passed by both houses in the extra session of 1870, was returned by the governor on the first day of the next session. Sen. Jour., 1870, 290; House Jour., 327; and Sen. Jour., 4.[157]House Deb., 1869, 195.[158]Sen. Deb., 1870, 29.[159]Ann. Cyclop., 1869, 396, gives 55 but I think it in error as the Debates give 59.[160]House Deb., 1869, 191.[161]In the absence of the Senate journal or debates for 1869, I have had to rely upon the brief legislative report of theCommercial Bulletin, Feb. 17.[162]Session Laws, 1869, No. 118. See the act in full.[163]New OrleansCommercial Bulletin, Mar. 17, 1869.[164]February 23, 1869.[165]Mar. 14.[166]Comm. Bull., Mar. 17.[167]April 14, 1873.[168]10 Wallace, 36, 298.

[60]“The city of New Orleans will be what we intend to make it, and we intend to make this city bloom as the rose, and we intend to enhance and increase this city of New Orleans, and we intend to open every by-road, and this very bill is going to make the city bigger, and we are going to pass this act. We intend not only to legislate for the city of New Orleans, but to stamp our record upon the door of this House of Representatives, so it will remain a century of years,” etc. House Debates, 1869, 359-60; also, 415.

[61]House Debates, 1869, 110.

[62]Ibid., 354.

[63]New OrleansCommercial Bulletin, Jan. 22, 1869.

[64]House Debates, 1869, 389.

[65]Ibid., 1870, 287. See also Campbell’s speech, Sen. Deb., 679.

[66]“The gentleman from Lafourche has spoken of bribery. Now, there is another absurdity, for a member gave him a cigar for a bribe, but he did not offer me one.” House Debates, 1869, 126. And “I rise to a point of order—this bill is a swindle,” 264. Again, a member proposed in all seriousness that the House adjourn in respect to the recent marriage of one of its members. When the speaker objected to such levity, he retorted: “It is a very serious event for the gentleman from St. Charles.”Ibid., 135. Another member rose to make the point of order that “the committee had no dignity,” 264.

[67]On the immigration bill the following irrelevant amendments were offered:That 2000 shall be Chinese and 1000 Arabs.That a thousand thugs of India be included.“I move to include 500 monkeys.”That the company bring over half the population of Europe.Ibid., 1870, 281.

[67]On the immigration bill the following irrelevant amendments were offered:

That 2000 shall be Chinese and 1000 Arabs.That a thousand thugs of India be included.“I move to include 500 monkeys.”That the company bring over half the population of Europe.

Ibid., 1870, 281.

[68]Ibid., 1869, 242.

[69]Ibid., 1869, 112; Sen. Deb., 1870, 771, 749.

[70]Ibid., 1870, 178.

[71]Ibid., 149.

[72]House Deb., 1869, 139; 1870, 191, 231. Sen. Deb., 1870, 705.

[73]Sen. Deb., 1870, 639-40. House Deb., 1871, 87, where the gentleman from Orleans declared that he would not come to order, and did not heed the sergeant.

[74]House Deb., 1869, 294.

[75]Ibid., 1871, 90.

[76]Carr had come from Maryland in 1865, was now twenty-six or twenty-seven years old, shrewd and wily in the extreme. House Misc. Docs., 42 Cong., 2 Sess., No. 211, 217.

[77]Crescent, Jan. 26, 1869.

[78]House Deb., 1871, 135-6.

[79]Ibid., 1869, 111-12. The following statement of the speaker establishes the fact for 1871 clearly: “I will not allow while I am speaker of the House, to have spirituous liquors brought into the House. I must maintain the dignity of this House, if the House will not maintain its own dignity. I do not desire such a thing shall be done again.”Ibid., 1871, 114.

[80]Ibid., 1869, 524.

[81]Senate Deb., 1870, 222-3.

[82]See speech on the constabulary bill,Ibid., 223-4.

[83]Sen. Deb., 1870, 222-3.

[84]House Misc. Doc., 42 Cong., 2 Sess., No. 211, 534. Note also the opinion of Nordhoff, prejudiced for negro rights. He was “unpleasantly startled,” not because they were black, but because they were so transparently ignorant and unfit, 49.

[85]House Deb., 1870, 236.

[86]Ibid., 1870, 345.

[87]Ibid., 326.

[88]House Deb., 1869, 331.

[89]Ibid., 1871, 7-8.

[90]Ibid., 200.

[91]Ibid., 1869, 204.

[92]Ibid., 1870, 78. Mr. McMillan characterized this spirit as follows: “That the House will pass it, I am convinced, for there is always something peculiar in the air which tells me when a bill of this character is sure of being put through, and I feel the breath of that air distinctly at this moment,” 268.

[93]House Deb., 1869, 330.

[94]Ibid., 264.

[95]“Such influence we all know has been exerted for personal aggrandizement and to such an extent that in point of fact the General Assembly was actually turned into a machine for the advancement of the individual interests of its leaders.”Bee, Jan. 24, 1869. See alsoCommercial Bulletin, Feb. 6, 22.

[96]Charges of bribery were brought in connection with the penitentiary bill, the slaughter house bill, and Chattanooga Railroad bill. The boldest charge came out on the paving bill: “I know who are lobbying this bill, and know the men they are using, and state upon the floor of this committee that this is simply for the benefit of that very man, and for the benefit of the lobbyists.”Ibid., 357-8.

[97]House Deb., 1869, 72.

[98]House Jour., 1870, 21.

[99]House Deb., 1870, 10.

[100]House Jour., 1870, 46.

[101]Committees were appointed to investigate if bribery had been used in the appointment of officers of the Insane Asylum, the sale of levee bonds, the school-money, the defalcation of the Land Registrar, the councilmen of Jefferson City, the Metropolitan Police Commissioners, and Board of Public Works.

[102]Session Laws of Louisiana, 1869, Nos. 10, 88.

[103]Ibid., 1869, No. 66.

[104]Sen. Deb., 1870, 771.

[105]In 1869, the appropriation bill passed the House Jan. 7, the Senate Jan. 12; in 1870, it passed the House Jan. 10, the Senate Jan. 12.

[106]Session Laws, 1869, No. 15; 1870, Nos. 2, 49.

[107]Ibid., No. 52. The governor, unwilling to veto this bill, allowed it to become law by expiration of the time limit. Herbert says the overissue of vouchers forced these warrants down to two and one-half cents in 1871, 403.

[108]House Deb., 1870, 22.

[109]Ibid., 1869, 122. The speaker of 1871 considered that he had used his patronage very sparingly when he gave “three or four indigent friends places as messengers and clerks.”Ibid., 1871, 136.

[110]House Jour., 1870, 62; Sen. Jour., 19-20. It was proposed to allow the chairman of each standing committee in the House $5 extra per day.

[111]Sen. Deb., 1870, 845.

[112]House Deb., 1869, 225.

[113]Ibid., 17.

[114]Ibid., 1870, 83.

[115]Ibid., 484.

[116]Session Laws, 1869, No. 114, Sec. 3,* 30; House Deb., 1870, 9.

[117]Sen. Deb., 1870, 848.

[118]House Deb., 1870, 313.

[119]Session Laws, 1869, No. 116. The company drew $36,000 in bonds and was then merged with another company for a different purpose; and fell into the hands of a man who in 1875 was doing drainage at a cost 100% higher than responsible citizens were ready to accept.

[120]Ibid., No. 51.

[121]House Deb., 1869, 266.

[122]“But why dwell further on a scheme the whole aim and purpose of which is to speculate, for individual or associate profit, at the expense of the people? What more need be said to demonstrate its impracticability—its utter disregard of the interests, the welfare, the health, and happiness of this community, and the unscrupulous motives and purpose of its designers and advocates.”Picayune, Jan. 7, 1869. Jan. 22, it advocated government aid to railroads and denounced the ship canal as an iniquitous project—wild and visionary.“It is susceptible of proof that certificates of stock in this wildcat speculation have been freely distributed among members of the legislature and others, for the purpose of influencing their votes in favor of this impudent proposition. Not only this but the principal individual whose name heads the list of corporators has boasted of the cheap rate at which our new legislature hold themselves.”Bee, Jan. 27, 1869. See also thePicayuneof Jan. 7 and Feb. 10, theCommercial Bulletinof Jan. 11, 25, Feb. 12, New OrleansTimes, Jan. 23.

“It is susceptible of proof that certificates of stock in this wildcat speculation have been freely distributed among members of the legislature and others, for the purpose of influencing their votes in favor of this impudent proposition. Not only this but the principal individual whose name heads the list of corporators has boasted of the cheap rate at which our new legislature hold themselves.”Bee, Jan. 27, 1869. See also thePicayuneof Jan. 7 and Feb. 10, theCommercial Bulletinof Jan. 11, 25, Feb. 12, New OrleansTimes, Jan. 23.

[123]House Deb., 1869, 106.

[124]The Assembly of 1870 granted further aid against great opposition in the form of drainage taxes, amounting to about $2,000,000 per year. Session Laws, 1870, No. 4. Extra Session. This law was passed despite the complaint that in two years not a spadeful of earth had been dug, nothing done but the purchase for cash or credit of a dredge-boat. Sen. Deb., 1870, 751.

[125]Session Laws, 1869, No. 147. It is interesting that even this early the wiser of the legislators were turning to the Federal government for help on their problem of bayous and levees.

[126]Ibid., No. 146.

[127]Ibid., No. 140. Its achievement was the removal of twenty stumps, people complained.

[128]It must have been this date because it vanishes from the record after the 12th and the record of this one day is missing in the files of the paper. For the record of the Senate for 1869 we are dependent on the report in theCommercial Bulletin, no journal nor Senate debates being extant.

[129]Laws of Louisiana, 1869, No. 26.

[130]Session Laws, 1869, Nos. 143, 145.

[131]Ibid., 1867, No. 115.

[132]Ibid., No. 123.

[133]House Deb., 1869, 446. It was eloquently and lengthily debated on March 1.Ibid., 399-429.

[134]House Deb., 380.

[135]“We have passed a bill to-day for Claiborne Parish, and where is the consistency of refusing to aid improvements in the parish of Lafourche?” House Deb., 1869, 381. Senator Ray declared it one of the “fundamental principles of my political theory that the State of Louisiana ought to aid all the works of internal improvement that appear to be beneficial.” Sen. Deb., 1870, 627.

[136]Commercial Bulletin, Sept. 21, 1869. See also the same paper, same date, for agitation of opening of the southwest pass.

[137]Jan. 3. See also issues of Jan. 26, 29, 30. This paper failed in September of that year.

[138]Jan. 23.

[139]Warmoth adduces proof of these statements. House Misc. Doc., 42 Cong., 2 Sess., No. 211, 285.

[140]In the State bond bill were implicated some of the most respectable distinguished Democratic leaders of the State. House Misc. Doc., 42 Cong., 2 Sess., 333. See Scott’s testimony which shows a written contract between the bankers of New Orleans and certain lobby brokers, by which several millions of dollars were to be paid for getting a measure through which failed.Ibid.

[141]“That there were ‘rings’ formed in both houses of the legislature for the sole and express purpose of blackmailing the people and plundering the treasury of the State, is perhaps a lamentable and humiliating fact. That there are men of both parties engaged in this disgraceful proceeding—men who would sell out their birthright for a mess of pottage, may also be true.” Quoted from theCrescentin a Congressional document.TheBeesays, Feb. 17, 1869, being reproached with accusing Democrats of joining in the corruption: “It was only yesterday that one of their own number, in our hearing, confessed the truth of the charge.”

TheBeesays, Feb. 17, 1869, being reproached with accusing Democrats of joining in the corruption: “It was only yesterday that one of their own number, in our hearing, confessed the truth of the charge.”

[142]Annual Cyclopedia, 1869, 394. TheBeedismissed it with the following terse comment: “Nous n’assomerons pas nos lecteurs de cette prose peu intéressante. Une analyse succincte suffira pour leur faire connaître ce que dit M. Warmoth.... Après avoir distillé son venin, le gouverneur aborde les affaires sérieuses.” Jan. 5. TheAbeilleorBeehad English pages at this time, a fact which accounts for both English and French excerpts.TheCrescentwas no more kindly: “This portion of the message is strictly and narrowly partisan, a tissue of bold, unqualified assertions and of self-evident exaggerations which would be indecent even in a campaign document; a weak but spiteful jumble of accusatory phrases in which there is but a single pretense to an argument, and that so puerile and idiotic in its fallacy as to be simply ridiculous.” Jan. 5.“The Governor applies harsh terms to our people. He attributes to them all the violence which may have existed in the State. Does he really think that he himself and his associates have had nothing to do with this excitement? Have the publications made by Republican papers, speakers, and writers contributed nothing to these troubles?” New OrleansCommercial Bulletin, Jan. 7, 1869.

TheCrescentwas no more kindly: “This portion of the message is strictly and narrowly partisan, a tissue of bold, unqualified assertions and of self-evident exaggerations which would be indecent even in a campaign document; a weak but spiteful jumble of accusatory phrases in which there is but a single pretense to an argument, and that so puerile and idiotic in its fallacy as to be simply ridiculous.” Jan. 5.

“The Governor applies harsh terms to our people. He attributes to them all the violence which may have existed in the State. Does he really think that he himself and his associates have had nothing to do with this excitement? Have the publications made by Republican papers, speakers, and writers contributed nothing to these troubles?” New OrleansCommercial Bulletin, Jan. 7, 1869.

[143]Session Laws, 1869, Nos. 23, 27, 31, 33, 34, 41, 64, etc.

[144]House Deb., 1869, 196.

[145]Session Laws, 1869, No. 60.

[146]Case of Minden, House Deb., 29.

[147]Session Laws, 1868, No. 87.

[148]An excerpt fromSt. Mary’s Bannerof Sept. 15 corroborates the statement which is often made of the planter’s indifference to politics. “Never did planters of this country show such devotion to business, such singleness of purpose to make money, and such utter want of interest in all things save crops, as at the present time.”It is to be regretted that none of the regular parish papers were available, but we are fortunate enough to catch many reflections through the editorial bickering in the columns of the city papers, which give us fairly accurately the position and spirit and consequent influence in molding public thought of each. Members of Congress accommodatingly brought in many excerpts in the course of debate. We scarcely need the files of the ShreveportTimes, thanks to the assiduity of Morton and the Radicals in quoting it.

It is to be regretted that none of the regular parish papers were available, but we are fortunate enough to catch many reflections through the editorial bickering in the columns of the city papers, which give us fairly accurately the position and spirit and consequent influence in molding public thought of each. Members of Congress accommodatingly brought in many excerpts in the course of debate. We scarcely need the files of the ShreveportTimes, thanks to the assiduity of Morton and the Radicals in quoting it.

[149]“Every Southern State, save only Louisiana, is receiving accessions to her population from the tide of European immigration that daily strikes our shores.... The Bureau gives no sign. Then let it be abolished or let us have a change of personnel ... that which individual enterprise has accomplished for other States, this State-maintained institution has lamentably failed to do for us.”Pic., Dec. 19, 1870.

[150]Commercial Bulletin, Feb. 8.

[151]Session Laws, 1869, No. 38.

[152]House Deb., 1869, 258-9.

[153]“Apparently this state of calm does not suit the Radical leaders. Their continual control over the State must depend on the jealousy of the black towards the white people. They feel that the colored race have more confidence in the old citizens of Louisiana than in any newcomers. Hence the effort to revive a strife which would readily quiet itself without such stimulus.”Comm. Bulletin, Feb. 19, 1869.

[154]Ibid., Feb. 22. As a form of revenge, it published the vote with the names.

[155]Feb. 23. See also issue of Feb. 25.

[156]Another social equality bill, passed by both houses in the extra session of 1870, was returned by the governor on the first day of the next session. Sen. Jour., 1870, 290; House Jour., 327; and Sen. Jour., 4.

[157]House Deb., 1869, 195.

[158]Sen. Deb., 1870, 29.

[159]Ann. Cyclop., 1869, 396, gives 55 but I think it in error as the Debates give 59.

[160]House Deb., 1869, 191.

[161]In the absence of the Senate journal or debates for 1869, I have had to rely upon the brief legislative report of theCommercial Bulletin, Feb. 17.

[162]Session Laws, 1869, No. 118. See the act in full.

[163]New OrleansCommercial Bulletin, Mar. 17, 1869.

[164]February 23, 1869.

[165]Mar. 14.

[166]Comm. Bull., Mar. 17.

[167]April 14, 1873.

[168]10 Wallace, 36, 298.

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