GLOSSARYTO THE THREE VOLUMES.

[Much has been written upon the subject of this Essay since Percy's time, but no exhaustive work has yet appeared. The reader may consult W. C. Hazlitt's new edition of Warton'sHistory, 1871; Ellis'sSpecimens of Early English Metrical Romances, new edition, by J. O. Halliwell, 1848; Dunlop'sHistoryof Fiction; J. M. Ludlow'sPopular Epics of the Middle Ages,Norse, German, and Carlovingian Cycles, 1865; G. W. Cox and E. H. Jones'sPopular Romances of the Middle Ages, 1871; and also the prefaces of the various old English romances printed by the Percy, Camden, and Early English Text Societies; and by the Abbotsford, Bannatyne, and Roxburghe Clubs.]

FOOTNOTES:[465]Vid.Lasiteau, Moeurs de Sauvages, t. ii. Dr. Browne'sHist.of the Rise and Progress of Poetry.[466]"Germani celebrant carminibus antiquis (quod unum apud illos memoriæ et annalium genus est) Tuistonem," &c.Tacit. Germ.c. ii.[467]Barth. Antiq. Dan.lib. i. cap. x.Wormii Literatura Runica, ad finem.[468]SeeNorthern Antiquities, or a Description of the Manners,Customs, &c., of the ancient Danes and other Northern Nations,translated from the Fr. of M. Mallet, 1770, 2 vols. 8vo. (vol. i. p. 49, &c.)[469]Vid. infra, pp. 341, 342, &c.[470]Viz.Astræa,Cassandra,Clelia, &c.[471]Mallet, vid.Northern Antiquities, vol. i. p. 318, &c.; vol. ii. p. 234, &c.[472]Letters concerning Chivalry, 8vo. 1763.[473]Mallet.[474]Mallet.[475]The seeds of chivalry sprung up so naturally out of the original manners and opinions of the northern nations, that it is not credible they arose so late as after the establishment of the Feudal System, much less the Crusades. Nor, again, that the romances of chivalry were transmitted to other nations, through the Spaniards, from the Moors and Arabians. Had this been the case the first French romances of chivalry would have been on Moorish, or at least Spanish subjects: whereas the most ancient stories of this kind, whether in prose or verse, whether in Italian, French, English, &c., are chiefly on the subjects of Charlemagne and the Paladins, or of our British Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table, &c., being evidently borrowed from the fabulous chronicles of the supposed Archbishop Turpin and of Jeffery of Monmouth. Not but some of the oldest and most popular French romances are also on Norman subjects, asRichard Sans-peur,Robert le Diable, &c., whereas I do not recollect so much as one in which the scene is laid in Spain, much less among the Moors, or descriptive of Mahometan manners. Even inAmadis de Gaul, said to have been the first romance printed in Spain, the scene is laid in Gaul and Britain; and the manners are French: which plainly shews from what school this species of fabling was learnt and transmitted to the southern nations of Europe.[476]Mallet.North. Antiquities, vol. i. p. 36; vol. ii.passim.[477]Olaus Verelius, Herv. Saga, pp. 44, 45. Hickes'sThesaur.vol. ii. p. 311.Northern Antiquities, vol. ii.passim.[478]Ibid.vol. i. pp. 69, 374, &c.; vol. ii. p. 216, &c.[479]Rollof'sSaga, c. 35, &c.[480]It is peculiarly unfortunate that such as maintain this opinion are obliged to take their first step from the Moorish provinces in Spain, without one intermediate resting place, to Armorica or Bretagne, the province in France from them most remote, not more in situation than in the manners, habits, and language of its Welsh inhabitants, which are allowed to have been derived from this island, as must have been their traditions, songs, and fables; being doubtless all of Celtic original. See p.3of theDissertationon the Origin of Romantic Fiction in Europe, prefixed to Mr. Tho. Warton'sHistory of English Poetry, vol. i. 1774, 4to. If any pen could have supported this darling hypothesis of Dr. Warburton that of this ingenious critic would have effected it. But under the general term Oriental, he seems to consider the ancient inhabitants of the north and the south of Asia, as having all the same manners, traditions, and fables; and because the secluded people of Arabia took the lead under the religion and empire of Mahomet, therefore everything must be derived from them to the Northern Asiatics in the remotest ages, &c. With as much reason under the word Occidental, we might represent the early traditions and fables of the north and south of Europe to have been the same; and that the Gothic mythology of Scandinavia, the Druidic or Celtic of Gaul and Britain, differed not from the classic of Greece and Rome.There is not room here for a full examination of the minuter arguments, or rather slight coincidences, by which our agreeable dissertator endeavours to maintain and defend this favourite opinion of Dr. W., who has been himself so completely confuted by Mr. Tyrwhitt. (See his notes onLove's Labour Lost, &c.) But some of his positions it will be sufficient to mention: such as the referring the Gog and Magog, which our old Christian bards might have had from Scripture, to theJaguiougeandMagiougeof the Arabians and Persians, &c. (p.13). That "we may venture to affirm that this (Geoffrey of Monmouth's) Chronicle, supposed to contain the ideas of the Welsh bards, entirely consists of Arabian inventions" (p.13). And that, "as Geoffrey's history is the grand repository of the acts of Arthur, so a fabulous history ascribed to Turpin is the groundwork of all the chimerical legends which have been related concerning the conquests of Charlemagne and his twelve peers. Its subject is the expulsion of the Saracens from Spain, and it is filled with fictions evidently congenial to those which characterize Geoffrey's History" (p.17). That is, as he afterwards expresses it, "lavishly decorated by the Arabian fablers" (p.58). We should hardly have expected that the Arabian fablers would have been lavish in decorating a history of their enemy: but what is singular, as an instance and proof of this Arabian origin of the fictions of Turpin, a passage is quoted from his fourth chapter, which I shall beg leave to offer, as affording decisive evidence, that they could not possibly be derived from a Mahometan source. Sc. "The Christians under Charlemagne are said to have found in Spain a golden idol, or image of Mahomet, as high as a bird can fly—it was framed by Mahomet himself of the purest metal, who, by his knowledge in necromancy, had sealed up within it a legion of diabolical spirits. It held in its hand a prodigious club; and the Saracens had a prophetic tradition, that this club should fall from the hand of the image in that year when a certain king should be born in France, &c." (vid.p.18, note.)[481]The little narrative songs on Morisco subjects, which the Spaniards have at present in great abundance, and which they call peculiarlyromances, (see vol. i. book iii. no. xvi. &c.), have nothing in common with their proper romances (or histories) of chivalry, which they callHistorias de Cavallerias; these are evidently imitations of the French, and shew a great ignorance of Moorish manners: and with regard to the Morisco, or songromances, they do not seem of very great antiquity; few of them appear, from their subjects, much earlier than the reduction of Granada, in the fifteenth century: from which period, I believe, may be plainly traced among the Spanish writers, a more perfect knowledge of Moorish customs, &c.[482]SeeNorthern Antiquities, passim.[483]Ibid.[484]Saxon Gram.p. 152, 153. Mallet,North. Antiq.vol. i. p. 321.[485]See a translation of this poem, amongFive pieces of RunicPoetry, printed for Dodsley, 1764, 8vo.[486]Vid.Mallet,Northern Antiquities, passim.[487]The editor's MS. contains a multitude of poems of this latter kind. It was probably from this custom of the minstrels that some of our first historians wrote their chronicles in verse, as Rob. of Gloucester, Harding, &c.[488]See a specimen in 2d vol. ofNorthern Antiquities, &c., p. 248, &c.[489]Eccardi Hist. Stud. Etym.1711, p. 179, &c. Hickes'sThesaur.vol. ii. p. 314.[490]i.e.Northern men, being chiefly emigrants from Norway, Denmark, &c.[491]See the account of Taillefer in vol. i. Essay, and Note.[492]"Ipsa Carmina memoriæ mandabant, & prælia inituri decantabant; qua memoriâ tam fortium gestorum a majoribus patratorum ad imitationem animus adderetur."—Jornandes de Gothis.[493]Eginhartus de Carolo magno."Item barbara, & antiquissima carmina, quibus veterum regum actus & bella canebantur, scripsit."—c. 29.Asserius de Ælfredo magno."Rex inter bella, &c.... Saxonicos libros recitare, &maxime carmina Saxonicamemoriter discere, aliis imperare, & solus assidue pro viribus, studiosissime non desinebat."—Ed. 1722, 8vo. p. 43.[494]See above, pp.340, 347.[495]The romances on the subject of Perceval, San Graal, Lancelot du Lac, Tristan, &c., were among the first that appeared in the French language in prose, yet these were originally composed in metre: the editor has in his possession a very old French MS. in verse, containingL'ancien Roman de Perceval, and metrical copies of the others may be found in the libraries of the curious. See a note of Wanley's inHarl. Catalog. Num.2252, p. 49, &c. Nicholson'sEng. Hist. Library, 3rd ed. p. 91, &c. See also a curious collection of old French romances, with Mr. Wanley's account of this sort of pieces, inHarl. MSS. Catal.978, 106.[496]The author of theEssay on the Genius of Pope, p. 282.[497]Ibid.p. 283.Hist. Lit.tom. 6, 7.[498]Voir Preface aux"Fabliaux & Contes des Poetes François des xii. xiii. xiv. & xv. siècles, &c., Paris, 1756, 3 tom. 12mo." (a very curious work).[499]Vid. supra, note (d), vol. i. Essay, &c.Et videRapin, Carte, &c. This song ofRoland(whatever it was) continued for some centuries to be usually sung by the French in their marches, if we may believe a modern French writer. "Un jour qu'on chantoit laChanson de Roland, comme c'etoit l'usage dans les marches. Il y a long temps, dit il (John K. of France, who died in 1364), qu'on ne voit plus de Rolands parmi les François. On y verroit encore des Rolands, lui répondit un vieux capitaine, s'ils avoient un Charlemagne à leur tête."Vid.tom. iii. p. 202,des Essaies Hist. sur Paris, de M. de Saintefoix: who gives as his authority, Boethius inHist. Scotorum. This author, however, speaks of the complaint and repartee, as made in an Assembly of the States (vocato senatu), and not upon any march, &c.Vid.Boeth. lib. xv. vol. 327. Ed. Paris, 1574.[500]See on this subject, vol. i. note, s. 2, p. 404; and in note G g, p. 424, &c.[501]The first romances of chivalry among the Germans were in metre: they have some very ancient narrative songs (which they callLieder) not only on the fabulous heroes of their own country, but also on those of France and Britain, as Tristram, Arthur, Gawain, and the knightsvon der Tafel-ronde(vid.Goldasti Not. inEginhart. Vit. Car. Mag.4to. 1711, p. 207.)[502]The Welsh have still some very old romances about K. Arthur; but as these are in prose, they are not probably their first pieces that were composed on that subject.[503]It is most credible that these stories were originally of English invention, even if the only pieces now extant should be found to be translations from the French. What now pass for the French originals were probably only amplifications, or enlargements of the old English story. That the French romances borrowed some things from the English, appears from the wordtermagant.[504]Recuyel of the Hystoryes of Troy, 1471;Godfroye of Boloyne, 1481;Le Morte de Arthur, 1485;The Life of Charlemagne, 1485, &c. As the old minstrelsy wore out, prose books of chivalry became more admired, especially after the Spanish romances began to be translated into English towards the end of Q. Elizabeth's reign: then the most popular metrical romances began to be reduced into prose, asSir Guy,Bevis, &c.[505]See extract from a letter, written by the editor of these volumes, in Mr. Warton'sObservations, vol. ii. p. 139.[506]Canterbury Tales(Tyrwhitt's edit.), vol. ii. p. 238. In all the former editions which I have seen the name at the end of the fourth line isBlandamoure.[507]Dr. Grey has shewn that the same story is alluded to in Rastell'sChronicle: as it was doubtless originally had from the romance, this is proof that the old metrical romances throw light on our first writers in prose: many of our ancient historians have recorded the fictions of romance.[508]i.e.handkerchiefs. Here we have the etymology of the word, viz. "Couvre le Chef."[509]i.e.slipt aside.[510]i.e.yawned.[511]i.e.hurt.[512]Dr. Warburton.—Dr. Grey.[513]So it is intitled in the editor's MS. But the true title isLeBeaux Disconus, or the Fair Unknown. See a note on theCanterburyTales, vol. iv. p. 333.[514]Vid.Discours sur la Poesie Epique, prefixed toTélémaque.[515]i.e.May all they be blithe that to my song listen: A song I shall you sing, Of Allof the good king, &c.[516]In each full page of this volume are forty-four lines, when the poem is in long metre: and eighty-eight when the metre is short, and the page in two columns.[517]Sign. K. 2. b.[518]For this and most of the following, which are mentioned as preserved in the Public Library, I refer the reader to theOxonCatalogue of MSS., 1697, vol. ii p. 394; in Appendix to Bp. More's MSS. No. 690, 33, since given to the University of Cambridge.[519]No. 690, § 31. Vid.Catalog. MSS.p. 394.[520]In the former editions, after the above, followed mention of a fragment in the same MS., intitled,Sir Lionel, in distichs (p.32) [pr. ed. vol. i. p. 75]; but this being only a short ballad, and not relating to K. Arthur, is here omitted.[521]The French original is preserved among the Harl. MSS. No. 978, § 112,Lanval.[522]See Laneham'sLetter concern. Q. Eliz. entertainment atKillingworth, 1575, 12mo. p. 34.[523]No. 690. (30.)Vid. Oxon Catalog. MSS.p. 394.[524]This is alluded to by Shakespeare in hisHen. V.(Act v.), where Fluellyn tells Pistol, he will make him a squire of low degree, when he means, to knock him down.[525]Some of these I give, though mutilated and divested of their titles, because they may enable a curious inquirer to complete or improve other copies.[526]i.e.adventure.

[465]Vid.Lasiteau, Moeurs de Sauvages, t. ii. Dr. Browne'sHist.of the Rise and Progress of Poetry.

[466]"Germani celebrant carminibus antiquis (quod unum apud illos memoriæ et annalium genus est) Tuistonem," &c.Tacit. Germ.c. ii.

[467]Barth. Antiq. Dan.lib. i. cap. x.Wormii Literatura Runica, ad finem.

[468]SeeNorthern Antiquities, or a Description of the Manners,Customs, &c., of the ancient Danes and other Northern Nations,translated from the Fr. of M. Mallet, 1770, 2 vols. 8vo. (vol. i. p. 49, &c.)

[469]Vid. infra, pp. 341, 342, &c.

[470]Viz.Astræa,Cassandra,Clelia, &c.

[471]Mallet, vid.Northern Antiquities, vol. i. p. 318, &c.; vol. ii. p. 234, &c.

[472]Letters concerning Chivalry, 8vo. 1763.

[473]Mallet.

[474]Mallet.

[475]The seeds of chivalry sprung up so naturally out of the original manners and opinions of the northern nations, that it is not credible they arose so late as after the establishment of the Feudal System, much less the Crusades. Nor, again, that the romances of chivalry were transmitted to other nations, through the Spaniards, from the Moors and Arabians. Had this been the case the first French romances of chivalry would have been on Moorish, or at least Spanish subjects: whereas the most ancient stories of this kind, whether in prose or verse, whether in Italian, French, English, &c., are chiefly on the subjects of Charlemagne and the Paladins, or of our British Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table, &c., being evidently borrowed from the fabulous chronicles of the supposed Archbishop Turpin and of Jeffery of Monmouth. Not but some of the oldest and most popular French romances are also on Norman subjects, asRichard Sans-peur,Robert le Diable, &c., whereas I do not recollect so much as one in which the scene is laid in Spain, much less among the Moors, or descriptive of Mahometan manners. Even inAmadis de Gaul, said to have been the first romance printed in Spain, the scene is laid in Gaul and Britain; and the manners are French: which plainly shews from what school this species of fabling was learnt and transmitted to the southern nations of Europe.

[476]Mallet.North. Antiquities, vol. i. p. 36; vol. ii.passim.

[477]Olaus Verelius, Herv. Saga, pp. 44, 45. Hickes'sThesaur.vol. ii. p. 311.Northern Antiquities, vol. ii.passim.

[478]Ibid.vol. i. pp. 69, 374, &c.; vol. ii. p. 216, &c.

[479]Rollof'sSaga, c. 35, &c.

[480]It is peculiarly unfortunate that such as maintain this opinion are obliged to take their first step from the Moorish provinces in Spain, without one intermediate resting place, to Armorica or Bretagne, the province in France from them most remote, not more in situation than in the manners, habits, and language of its Welsh inhabitants, which are allowed to have been derived from this island, as must have been their traditions, songs, and fables; being doubtless all of Celtic original. See p.3of theDissertationon the Origin of Romantic Fiction in Europe, prefixed to Mr. Tho. Warton'sHistory of English Poetry, vol. i. 1774, 4to. If any pen could have supported this darling hypothesis of Dr. Warburton that of this ingenious critic would have effected it. But under the general term Oriental, he seems to consider the ancient inhabitants of the north and the south of Asia, as having all the same manners, traditions, and fables; and because the secluded people of Arabia took the lead under the religion and empire of Mahomet, therefore everything must be derived from them to the Northern Asiatics in the remotest ages, &c. With as much reason under the word Occidental, we might represent the early traditions and fables of the north and south of Europe to have been the same; and that the Gothic mythology of Scandinavia, the Druidic or Celtic of Gaul and Britain, differed not from the classic of Greece and Rome.There is not room here for a full examination of the minuter arguments, or rather slight coincidences, by which our agreeable dissertator endeavours to maintain and defend this favourite opinion of Dr. W., who has been himself so completely confuted by Mr. Tyrwhitt. (See his notes onLove's Labour Lost, &c.) But some of his positions it will be sufficient to mention: such as the referring the Gog and Magog, which our old Christian bards might have had from Scripture, to theJaguiougeandMagiougeof the Arabians and Persians, &c. (p.13). That "we may venture to affirm that this (Geoffrey of Monmouth's) Chronicle, supposed to contain the ideas of the Welsh bards, entirely consists of Arabian inventions" (p.13). And that, "as Geoffrey's history is the grand repository of the acts of Arthur, so a fabulous history ascribed to Turpin is the groundwork of all the chimerical legends which have been related concerning the conquests of Charlemagne and his twelve peers. Its subject is the expulsion of the Saracens from Spain, and it is filled with fictions evidently congenial to those which characterize Geoffrey's History" (p.17). That is, as he afterwards expresses it, "lavishly decorated by the Arabian fablers" (p.58). We should hardly have expected that the Arabian fablers would have been lavish in decorating a history of their enemy: but what is singular, as an instance and proof of this Arabian origin of the fictions of Turpin, a passage is quoted from his fourth chapter, which I shall beg leave to offer, as affording decisive evidence, that they could not possibly be derived from a Mahometan source. Sc. "The Christians under Charlemagne are said to have found in Spain a golden idol, or image of Mahomet, as high as a bird can fly—it was framed by Mahomet himself of the purest metal, who, by his knowledge in necromancy, had sealed up within it a legion of diabolical spirits. It held in its hand a prodigious club; and the Saracens had a prophetic tradition, that this club should fall from the hand of the image in that year when a certain king should be born in France, &c." (vid.p.18, note.)

There is not room here for a full examination of the minuter arguments, or rather slight coincidences, by which our agreeable dissertator endeavours to maintain and defend this favourite opinion of Dr. W., who has been himself so completely confuted by Mr. Tyrwhitt. (See his notes onLove's Labour Lost, &c.) But some of his positions it will be sufficient to mention: such as the referring the Gog and Magog, which our old Christian bards might have had from Scripture, to theJaguiougeandMagiougeof the Arabians and Persians, &c. (p.13). That "we may venture to affirm that this (Geoffrey of Monmouth's) Chronicle, supposed to contain the ideas of the Welsh bards, entirely consists of Arabian inventions" (p.13). And that, "as Geoffrey's history is the grand repository of the acts of Arthur, so a fabulous history ascribed to Turpin is the groundwork of all the chimerical legends which have been related concerning the conquests of Charlemagne and his twelve peers. Its subject is the expulsion of the Saracens from Spain, and it is filled with fictions evidently congenial to those which characterize Geoffrey's History" (p.17). That is, as he afterwards expresses it, "lavishly decorated by the Arabian fablers" (p.58). We should hardly have expected that the Arabian fablers would have been lavish in decorating a history of their enemy: but what is singular, as an instance and proof of this Arabian origin of the fictions of Turpin, a passage is quoted from his fourth chapter, which I shall beg leave to offer, as affording decisive evidence, that they could not possibly be derived from a Mahometan source. Sc. "The Christians under Charlemagne are said to have found in Spain a golden idol, or image of Mahomet, as high as a bird can fly—it was framed by Mahomet himself of the purest metal, who, by his knowledge in necromancy, had sealed up within it a legion of diabolical spirits. It held in its hand a prodigious club; and the Saracens had a prophetic tradition, that this club should fall from the hand of the image in that year when a certain king should be born in France, &c." (vid.p.18, note.)

[481]The little narrative songs on Morisco subjects, which the Spaniards have at present in great abundance, and which they call peculiarlyromances, (see vol. i. book iii. no. xvi. &c.), have nothing in common with their proper romances (or histories) of chivalry, which they callHistorias de Cavallerias; these are evidently imitations of the French, and shew a great ignorance of Moorish manners: and with regard to the Morisco, or songromances, they do not seem of very great antiquity; few of them appear, from their subjects, much earlier than the reduction of Granada, in the fifteenth century: from which period, I believe, may be plainly traced among the Spanish writers, a more perfect knowledge of Moorish customs, &c.

[482]SeeNorthern Antiquities, passim.

[483]Ibid.

[484]Saxon Gram.p. 152, 153. Mallet,North. Antiq.vol. i. p. 321.

[485]See a translation of this poem, amongFive pieces of RunicPoetry, printed for Dodsley, 1764, 8vo.

[486]Vid.Mallet,Northern Antiquities, passim.

[487]The editor's MS. contains a multitude of poems of this latter kind. It was probably from this custom of the minstrels that some of our first historians wrote their chronicles in verse, as Rob. of Gloucester, Harding, &c.

[488]See a specimen in 2d vol. ofNorthern Antiquities, &c., p. 248, &c.

[489]Eccardi Hist. Stud. Etym.1711, p. 179, &c. Hickes'sThesaur.vol. ii. p. 314.

[490]i.e.Northern men, being chiefly emigrants from Norway, Denmark, &c.

[491]See the account of Taillefer in vol. i. Essay, and Note.

[492]"Ipsa Carmina memoriæ mandabant, & prælia inituri decantabant; qua memoriâ tam fortium gestorum a majoribus patratorum ad imitationem animus adderetur."—Jornandes de Gothis.

[493]Eginhartus de Carolo magno."Item barbara, & antiquissima carmina, quibus veterum regum actus & bella canebantur, scripsit."—c. 29.Asserius de Ælfredo magno."Rex inter bella, &c.... Saxonicos libros recitare, &maxime carmina Saxonicamemoriter discere, aliis imperare, & solus assidue pro viribus, studiosissime non desinebat."—Ed. 1722, 8vo. p. 43.

[493]Eginhartus de Carolo magno."Item barbara, & antiquissima carmina, quibus veterum regum actus & bella canebantur, scripsit."—c. 29.

Asserius de Ælfredo magno."Rex inter bella, &c.... Saxonicos libros recitare, &maxime carmina Saxonicamemoriter discere, aliis imperare, & solus assidue pro viribus, studiosissime non desinebat."—Ed. 1722, 8vo. p. 43.

[494]See above, pp.340, 347.

[495]The romances on the subject of Perceval, San Graal, Lancelot du Lac, Tristan, &c., were among the first that appeared in the French language in prose, yet these were originally composed in metre: the editor has in his possession a very old French MS. in verse, containingL'ancien Roman de Perceval, and metrical copies of the others may be found in the libraries of the curious. See a note of Wanley's inHarl. Catalog. Num.2252, p. 49, &c. Nicholson'sEng. Hist. Library, 3rd ed. p. 91, &c. See also a curious collection of old French romances, with Mr. Wanley's account of this sort of pieces, inHarl. MSS. Catal.978, 106.

[496]The author of theEssay on the Genius of Pope, p. 282.

[497]Ibid.p. 283.Hist. Lit.tom. 6, 7.

[498]Voir Preface aux"Fabliaux & Contes des Poetes François des xii. xiii. xiv. & xv. siècles, &c., Paris, 1756, 3 tom. 12mo." (a very curious work).

[499]Vid. supra, note (d), vol. i. Essay, &c.Et videRapin, Carte, &c. This song ofRoland(whatever it was) continued for some centuries to be usually sung by the French in their marches, if we may believe a modern French writer. "Un jour qu'on chantoit laChanson de Roland, comme c'etoit l'usage dans les marches. Il y a long temps, dit il (John K. of France, who died in 1364), qu'on ne voit plus de Rolands parmi les François. On y verroit encore des Rolands, lui répondit un vieux capitaine, s'ils avoient un Charlemagne à leur tête."Vid.tom. iii. p. 202,des Essaies Hist. sur Paris, de M. de Saintefoix: who gives as his authority, Boethius inHist. Scotorum. This author, however, speaks of the complaint and repartee, as made in an Assembly of the States (vocato senatu), and not upon any march, &c.Vid.Boeth. lib. xv. vol. 327. Ed. Paris, 1574.

[500]See on this subject, vol. i. note, s. 2, p. 404; and in note G g, p. 424, &c.

[501]The first romances of chivalry among the Germans were in metre: they have some very ancient narrative songs (which they callLieder) not only on the fabulous heroes of their own country, but also on those of France and Britain, as Tristram, Arthur, Gawain, and the knightsvon der Tafel-ronde(vid.Goldasti Not. inEginhart. Vit. Car. Mag.4to. 1711, p. 207.)

[502]The Welsh have still some very old romances about K. Arthur; but as these are in prose, they are not probably their first pieces that were composed on that subject.

[503]It is most credible that these stories were originally of English invention, even if the only pieces now extant should be found to be translations from the French. What now pass for the French originals were probably only amplifications, or enlargements of the old English story. That the French romances borrowed some things from the English, appears from the wordtermagant.

[504]Recuyel of the Hystoryes of Troy, 1471;Godfroye of Boloyne, 1481;Le Morte de Arthur, 1485;The Life of Charlemagne, 1485, &c. As the old minstrelsy wore out, prose books of chivalry became more admired, especially after the Spanish romances began to be translated into English towards the end of Q. Elizabeth's reign: then the most popular metrical romances began to be reduced into prose, asSir Guy,Bevis, &c.

[505]See extract from a letter, written by the editor of these volumes, in Mr. Warton'sObservations, vol. ii. p. 139.

[506]Canterbury Tales(Tyrwhitt's edit.), vol. ii. p. 238. In all the former editions which I have seen the name at the end of the fourth line isBlandamoure.

[507]Dr. Grey has shewn that the same story is alluded to in Rastell'sChronicle: as it was doubtless originally had from the romance, this is proof that the old metrical romances throw light on our first writers in prose: many of our ancient historians have recorded the fictions of romance.

[508]i.e.handkerchiefs. Here we have the etymology of the word, viz. "Couvre le Chef."

[509]i.e.slipt aside.

[510]i.e.yawned.

[511]i.e.hurt.

[512]Dr. Warburton.—Dr. Grey.

[513]So it is intitled in the editor's MS. But the true title isLeBeaux Disconus, or the Fair Unknown. See a note on theCanterburyTales, vol. iv. p. 333.

[514]Vid.Discours sur la Poesie Epique, prefixed toTélémaque.

[515]i.e.May all they be blithe that to my song listen: A song I shall you sing, Of Allof the good king, &c.

[516]In each full page of this volume are forty-four lines, when the poem is in long metre: and eighty-eight when the metre is short, and the page in two columns.

[517]Sign. K. 2. b.

[518]For this and most of the following, which are mentioned as preserved in the Public Library, I refer the reader to theOxonCatalogue of MSS., 1697, vol. ii p. 394; in Appendix to Bp. More's MSS. No. 690, 33, since given to the University of Cambridge.

[519]No. 690, § 31. Vid.Catalog. MSS.p. 394.

[520]In the former editions, after the above, followed mention of a fragment in the same MS., intitled,Sir Lionel, in distichs (p.32) [pr. ed. vol. i. p. 75]; but this being only a short ballad, and not relating to K. Arthur, is here omitted.

[521]The French original is preserved among the Harl. MSS. No. 978, § 112,Lanval.

[522]See Laneham'sLetter concern. Q. Eliz. entertainment atKillingworth, 1575, 12mo. p. 34.

[523]No. 690. (30.)Vid. Oxon Catalog. MSS.p. 394.

[524]This is alluded to by Shakespeare in hisHen. V.(Act v.), where Fluellyn tells Pistol, he will make him a squire of low degree, when he means, to knock him down.

[525]Some of these I give, though mutilated and divested of their titles, because they may enable a curious inquirer to complete or improve other copies.

[526]i.e.adventure.

Thisis an amalgamation of the three original glossaries, with large additions and alterations, and the introduction of references. It has not, however, been thought necessary to refer to every passage in which a particular word may occur.

Percy's explanatory notes are marked with the letter P.

Many words which appear in a slightly varied form from the present spelling are not included in this glossary.

A',all.A,at.A, i. 27,of.Watter a Twyde, i. 25,water of Tweed.Abacke,back.Abenche, i. 409,on a bench.Able, i. 87,fit,suitable.Abone, i. 24;aboon, i. 323;aboone, i. 101;aboun, i. 32,above.Aboven ous, ii. 8,above us.Abowght, i. 40,about.Abraide, i. 168,abroad.Abuve, ii. 83,in the uplands.Abye, iii.31,suffer,pay for,expiate.Acton, i. 72,a quilted leather jacket, worn under the coat of mail. Fr. hacqueton.Advoutry, ii. 136,adultery.Aff, ii. 70,off.Affore, i. 269;afore, ii. 115,before.Aft, i. 321,oft.Agayne, i. 121,against.Ageyn, i. 119,against.Agone, ii. 41,gone.Ahte, ii. 11,ought.Aik, iii.147,oak.Ail, ii. 84,trouble.Ain, i. 102,own.Aith, ii. 70,oath.Al, ii. 9,albeit,although.Al gife,although.Alace, iii.236,alas.Alane, ii. 83,alone.Alemaigne, ii. 7,Germany.Allgyf, i. 125,although.Almaine, iii.110,Germany.Alyes, ii. 33,always.Amang, ii. 20,among.Amangis, ii. 81,amongst.Amblit, iii.237,ambled.Among, ii. 35,at intervals,sometimes.An,and.An, i, 60,if.Ancyent, i. 271,flag,banner,standard.And,if, but and, i. 27;but if; and youe,if you.And but, ii. 15,and unless.Ane, i. 30, ii. 118,one,an,a.Anes, ii. 112,once, ii. 109. (?)Angel, ii. 176,a gold coin varying in value from 6s. 8d. to 10s.Ann, ii. 69,if.Anneuche, ii. 81,enough.Annoy, ii. 211,trouble.Ant, ii. 7,and.Aplyht, al aplyht, ii. 14,entirely.Aquoy, iii.247,coy,shy.Ar, ii. 24,are.Aras, i. 24,arrows.Archeborde, ii. 193, 203,side of the ship?See Hach-borde.Arcir, i. 103,archer.Argabushe, ii. 53,harquebuse, an old-fashioned kind of musket.Arrand, i. 80,errand.Arros, i. 28,arrows.Ase, ii. 8,as.Aslake, ii. 37,abate.Assay, i. 80,essay, assayed, ii. 44.Assoyld, i. 179,absolved.Astate, i. 119,estate.Astonied, iii.34,astonished,stunned.Astound, i. 207,stunned.Ath, i. 25,of the.Att me, i. 207,from me.Attour, ii. 81;attowre, ii. 84, 86,over.Au, iii.75,all.Auld, i. 83, 101, ii. 68,old.Aule, i. 308,awl.Aureat, i. 123,golden.Austerne, i. 285,stern,austere.Avaunce, ii. 49,advance.Avow, iii.327;avowe, i. 23, 34, 47, 172;ii. 23, 58,vow.Aw, iii.145,all.Awa', ii. 69,away.Awin, ii. 133,own.Awne, i. 121, 274,own.Axed, i. 129,asked.Ay, ii. 70,ever;alsoah!alas!Ayein, ii. 12,against.Ayont the ingle, ii. 68,beyond the fire.The fire was in the middleof the room.

"In the west of Scotland, at this present time, in many cottages, they pile their peats and turfs upon stones in the middle of the room. There is a hole above the fire in the ridge of the house to let the smoke out at. In some places are cottage-houses, from the front of which a very wide chimney projects like a bow-window: the fire is in a grate, like a malt-kiln grate, round which the people sit: sometimes they draw this grate into the middle of the room." (Mr. Lambe.) P.

Ba', i. 59,ball.Bacheleere, i. 64, 78,knight;bachelary, ii. 28;bachelery, ii. 23,company of bachelors.Badena, iii.93,delayed not.Baile, i. 122,bale,evil,mischief,misery,trouble.Bairn, ii. 70;bairne, i. 59,child.Baith, i. 143, 321,both.Bale, i. 108, 280, ii. 8, 59,evil,hurt,mischief,misery;baleful, i. 136.Balow, ii. 211 (a nursery term),hush,lullaby.Balys bete, i. 35,remedy our evils.Ban, ii. 70,curse.Band, i. 70, 148,bond,covenant.Bandrolles, iii.290,streamers,little flags.Bane, i. 29,bone.Banket, ii. 225,banquet.Banning, ii. 212,cursing.Barker, ii. 96,dealer in bark.Barne, i. 26,child,man,person.Barrow hogge, i. 214,gelded hog.Basnete, i. 29, basnite, i. 28, bassonett, i. 48,helmet.Bason,helmet.Batchilere, i. 68,knight.Bathe, i. 30,both.Bats, ii. 21,cudgels.Bauld, i. 321,bold.Bauzen's skinne, i. 308,Sheepskin gloves with the wool on the inside.Bayard, ii. 22,a noted horse in the old romances.Be, ii. 9,by.Beanes, ii. 203,beams.Bearing arowe, i. 176,an arrow that carries well.Bed, ii. 13,bade.Bede, ii. 21, 23,bid,offer,engage.Bedeaft, iii.272,deafened.Bedeene, ii. 57, iii.11,immediately.Bedight, i. 132,bedecked.Bedone, iii.6,237,wrought,made-up,ornamented.Beere, i. 50, iii.42,bier.Beforn, i. 321;beforne, i. 29, 65,before.Begilde, ii. 76;begylde, ii. 44,beguiled,deceived.Beheard, i. 114,heard.Behove, i. 180,behoof.Beir, i. 84;beire, ii. 212,bear.Belive, i. 115;belyfe, i. 173,immediately,presently,shortly.Ben, ii. 15, 16, iii.208,been,be,are.Ben, ii. 70,within doors,the inner room.(The "but" is the outer room. "A but and a ben" is a house containing two rooms.)Bene, ii. 16,bean, an expression of contempt.Benison, i. 322,blessing.Bent, bents,long coarse grass, i. 24, 25, 28;also wild fields, i. 41,43, 65, 78.Beoth, ii. 11,be,are.Ber, ii. 13,bare.Ber the prys, ii. 11,bare the prize.Berne, i. 41,man.Bernes, iii.208,barns.Berys, ii. 21,beareth.Beseeme,become.Besene, ii. 25,dressed.Beshradde, iii.317,cut into shreds.Besmirche,to soil,discolour.Bespake, iii.158,spoke.Besprent, ii. 52,besprinkled.Beste,beest,art.Beste, i. 189,beast.Bested,abode.Bestis, i. 122,beasts.Bestrawghted, i. 189,distracted.Besy, i. 129,busy.Bet,better.Beth, i. 284,be,is,are.Bett, ii. 63,lighted.A. S. bétan fyr,to make or light a fire.Bette, iii.356,did beat.Beuche, ii. 391,bough.Bewray, ii. 179,discover.Bi mi leautè, ii. 7,by my loyalty,honesty.Bickarte, i. 24,skirmished;alsoswiftlycoursed.

Mr. Lambe also interprets "Bickering," by rattling,e.g.,

And on that slee Ulysses headSad curses down doesBICKER.

Translat. of Ovid. P.

Bide at hame, iii.97,remain at home.Biilt, ii. 63,built.Bil, i. 168,pike or halbert.Bille, i. 282, 289, ii. 143,writing.Biqueth, ii. 12,bequeath.Bird, iii.94,child,term of affection usually applied to a woman.Birk, ii. 363, iii.238,birch-tree.Blak, ii. 21;blake, ii. 21,black.Blan, i. 269;blane, i. 30;blanne, i. 68, 91, 275, ii. 144,lingered,stopped.Blaw, i. 145, iii.147,blow;blawing, iii.147,blowing.Blaze, ii. 260,emblazon,display.Blee, i. 72, ii. 56,colour,complexion.Bleid, iii.94,bleed;bleids, ii. 116,bleeds.Blend, iii.55;blent, iii.51,blended.Blent,ceased.Blink, ii. 120,a glimpse of light.Blinkan, iii.123,twinkling.Blinks, iii.74,twinkles,sparkles.Blinne, iii.46,cease,give over.Blissing, iii.208,blessing.Blist, i. 310,blessed.Blude, i. 34,blood;blude reid, i. 100,blood red.Bluid, i. 59, 83blood;bluidy, i. 144,bloody;reid bluid,red blood, i. 146.Blyth, ii. 68,joyous,sprightly.Blyth, iii.74,joy,sprightliness.Blyve, i. 175,instantly.Bode, i. 120,abode,stayed.Boist, boisteris,boast,boasters.Boke, ii. 16,book.Bollys, ii. 21,bowls.Boltes,shafts,arrows.Bomen, i. 24,bowmen.Bonny, iii.147,handsome,comely.Bonys, ii. 22,bones.Roundebonys, ii. 22.Bookes-man, iii.52,clerk,secretary.Boot, ii. 97;boote, i. 109, 115, 136, ii. 59;boots, iii.154,gain,advantage,help,assistance.Bore, iii.112,boar.Bore, iii.40,born.Borowe, i. 162,to redeem.Borrow, i. 275, borrowe, i. 269,pledge,surety.Bost, ii. 24, boste, i. 122,pride;boast, ii. 8.Bot, ii. 60,but.Bot, ii. 109,without;bot and, i. 144,and also;bot dreid,without dread, or certainly;bot gif, ii. 83,unless.Bots, iii.186,a worm troublesome to horses.Bougill, i. 147,bugle-horn,hunting-horn.Boun, i. 146,ready.Bowen, ii. 44,ready.Bower, iii.125,126,131,parlour,chamber.Bower-window, iii.125,chamber window.Bowne, i. 63, 77, ii. 94,ready;bowned,prepared;bowne ye, i. 107,prepare ye,get ready;bowne to dine,going to dine.Bowneis a common word in the North for "going,"e.g. Where are you bowne to?Where are you going to?P.Bow're-woman, iii.96,chambermaid.Bowyn, i. 41,ready.Bowynd, i. 40,prepared.Bowys, i. 28,bows.Brade, ii. 107, 112,broad.Brae, iii.147,the brow or side of a hill,a declivity.Braes of Yarrow, ii. 363,hilly banks of the river Yarrow.Braid,broad.Braid, i. 100,open.Brand, i. 83, 96;brande, i. 25, 30, 40, 48, 67,sword.Brast, i. 66, 168, ii. 56, 98, iii.61,burst.Braw, ii. 227,brave.Braw, ii. 69,bravely,handsomely.Brayd attowre the bent, ii. 84,hastened over the field.Brayn-pannes, ii. 25,skulls.Bread, ii. 192,breadth.Bred, i. 43,broad.Breeden, i. 108,breed.Breere, i. 111,briar.Bren, i. 80, 145;brenn, ii. 57,burn.Brenand drake, ii. 23,fiery dragon.Brenn, i. 144;brenne, i. 73, 159,burn;brent, i. 160, ii. 55, iii.87,burnt;brenning, ii. 142,burning.Brest, i. 29,breast.Brest, ii. 21,burst.Brether, i. 87,brethren.Bridal (bride-ale),nuptial feast.Brigue, iii.95;briggs, iii.92,bridge.Brimme, ii. 257,public,universally known;A.-S. bryme.Britled, iii.12,carved.Broche, ii. 22,any ornamental trinket.Stone buckles of silver or gold with which gentlemen and ladies clasp their shirt-bosoms, and handkerchiefs, are called in the Northbroches,from theFr. broche,a spit. P.Brocht, ii. 85,brought.Broder, ii. 360,brother.Broding, i. 64, 78,pricking.Broht, ii. 13;brohte, ii. 8,brought.Bronde, i. 49,sword.Brooche, brouche,a spit,a bodkin.Brooke,enjoy;and I brook, i. 34,if I enjoy.Brouke hur wyth wynne, ii. 20,enjoy her with pleasure.Browd, i. 24,broad.Broyt, ii. 21,brought.Bryttlynge, i. 25,cutting up,quartering,carving.Buen, ii. 12;bueth, ii. 13,been,be,are.Buff, i. 150,arm,dress.Bugle, i. 65, 78,bugle horn,hunting horn(being the horn of a bugle or wild bull).Buik,book.Buit, ii. 81,help.Burgens, ii. 383,buds,young shoots.Burn, iii.147, bourne,brook.Bushment, i. 122,ambush,snare.Busk, i. 146,dress,deck;busk ye, i. 107, ii. 363,dress ye;busk and boun, i. 146,make yourselves ready to go;buske them blyve, i. 175,get them ready instantly;buskit, i. 143,dressed;buskt them, i. 122,prepared themselves,made themselves ready.But,without;but let,without hindrance.But, i. 75, ii. 144,unless;but an, i. 144,unless;but yf, ii. 23,unless.Bute, ii. 83,boot,good,advantage.Butt, ii. 70,the outer room.See Ben.By three,of three.Byde, ii. 83,stay.Bydys, i. 28,bides,abides.Bye,buy,pay for.Byears, i. 33, beeres,biers.Byhynde, ii. 19,behind.Byre, iii.236,cow-house.Byste, i. 41,beest,art.Ca', iii.93,call.Caddis, i. 376,worsted ribbon.Cadgily, ii. 68,merrily,cheerfully.Caitif, iii.228;caitive, ii. 135,wretch.Cales, ii. 243,Cadiz.Calliver,a large pistol or blunderbuss.Camscho, iii.385.(Glossary—Eldridge)grim.Can, i. 44, 77, ii. 24, 70;cane, i. 47,gan,began.Can, ii. 37,know.Canna, iii.123;cannæ, i. 59, 146,cannot.Cannes,wooden cups,bowls.Cantabanqui, i. 374,ballad-singers,singers on benches.Cantells, ii. 23,pieces,corners.Canty, ii. 69,cheerful,chatty.Capul, ii. 24,a poor horse;capulys, ii. 24,horses.Capull hyde, i. 107, 114,horse hide.Carle, ii. 68, iii.123,clown,a strong, hale old man.Carlish, i. 133, iii.14,churlish,discourteous.Carlist, iii.329,churlish?Carp, ii. 136;carpe, ii. 19,to speak,recite, alsoto censure, i. 33,complain.Carpyng, ii. 20,tumult.Cast, i. 26,mean,intend.Caste, ii. 128,stratagem.Catives, ii. 302,wretches.Cau, ii. 71,call.Cauld, i. 143, ii. 68,cold.Causey, ii. 139,causeway.Cawte and kene, i. 44,cautious and active.Cent, i. 130,scent.Cetywall, i. 307,setiwall,the herb valerian,or mountain spikenard.Cham, ii. 288,I am, in Somersetshire dialect.Chanteclere, i. 307,the cock.Chap, iii.93,95,knock.Charke-bord, ii. 203? same as archeborde,side of the ship.See Hach-borde.Chayme, ii. 74,Cain, orHam.Chays, i. 26,chase.Che, ii. 286,I. in Somersetshire dialect.Cheare, ii. 216,chair.Checke, i. 301,to stop,to chide.Cheefe,the upper part of the scutcheon in heraldry.Cheffe, i. 28,chief;cheffest, iii.44,chiefest.Cheften, i. 28,chieftain.Cheis,choose.Chevaliers,knights.Cheveron, ii. 25,upper part of the scutcheon in heraldry.Chevy Chase, i. 19,Cheviot chase or hunt.See same contraction in Tividale.Chield,fellow.Child, iii.58,knight.Children, i. 66, 77,knights.Chill, ii. 286,I will, in Somersetshire dialect.Cholde, y-cholde, ii. 12,I would.Choul'd, ii. 287,I would, in Som. dialect.Christentie, christentye, i. 92, ii. 61;christianté, i. 31,Christendom.Church-ale, iii.198,a wake or feast in commemoration of the dedication of a church.Chyf, chyfe,chief.Chylded, ii. 382,brought forth,was delivered.Chylder, ii. 25,children's.Chyviat chays, i. 26. (See Chevy Chase.)Claiths, ii. 69,clothes.Clattered,beat so as to rattle.Clawde,clawed,tore,scratched;figuratively,beat.Clead, ii. 69,clad,clothe;cleading, iii.237,clothing.Cleaped, i. 306,called,named.Cled, iii.147,clad,clothed.Clepe, ii. 13,call;cleped, ii. 14,called.Cliding, iii.97,clothing.Clim, i. 155,contraction of Clement.Clough, i. 155,a broken cliff.Clout, i. 197,a cloth to strain milk through;rag, ii. 71.Clout, ii. 100,mend.Clowch,clutch,grasp.Clymme, ii. 74,climb.Coate, i. 309,cot,cottage.Cockers, i. 308,a sort of buskins or short boots fastened with laces or buttons, worn by farmers or shepherds.Cokers,fishermen's boots(Littleton's Dict.)Cog, iii.203,to lie,cheat.Cohorted, ii. 382,incited,exhorted.Cokenay, ii. 28, explained by Percy to be a diminutive of cook, from the Latin coquinator, or coquinarius; it really meansa lean chicken.Cold, ii. 232;colde, ii. 55,could.Cold, iii.6,knew,where I cold be;i. 286,where I was.Cold rost,nothing to the purpose.Cole, iii.108,coal.Coleyne, iii.33,Cologne steel.Collayne, i. 48,Cologne steel.Com, ii. 12;come, ii. 21,came;comen, i. 89;commen, i. 33,come.Con, ii. 27,can.Con fare,went,passed.Con springe, ii. 11,spread abroad.Con twenty thanks, iii.210,give twenty thanks.Confeterd, i. 120,confederated.Confound, i. 218,destroy.Contray, ii. 19,country.Cop, ii. 9,head,the top of anything.Coppell, ii. 21,name of a hen.Cordiwin, i. 318,originally Spanish or Cordovan leather, afterwards commoner leather.Cors, ii. 21,body.Cors, i. 26,curse.Corsiare, i. 30,courser,steed.Coste, ii. 30,coast,side,region.Cote, i. 303;cott, iii.183,cottage.Cote, iii.53,coat.Cotydyallye, ii. 381,daily,every day.Could bear, ii. 137, didbare.Could be,was.Could dye,died.Could his good,knew what was good for him.Could weip,wept.Coulde,cold.Counsayl,secret.Countie, i. 303,count,earl.Coupe, i. 300,coop, or a pen for poultry.Courtas, ii. 82,courteous.Courteys, ii. 46,courteous.Courtnalls, iii.182,courtiers.Couth, i. 306,could.Couthen, ii. 13,knew.Cowde, i. 44,could.Coyntrie, i. 308,Coventry.Cramasie, iii.75,147,crimson.Crancke, i. 307,exultingly.Cranion, iii.198,skull.Crech, ii. 27.This word is incorrectly explained in the text ascrutch. It is really a form of the Frenchcrèche, a crib or manger. It occurs ascracchein the "Promptorium Parv." (1440).Crepyls, ii. 24,cripples.Cricke, i. 196,properly an ant, but used for any small insect.Crinkle, iii.10,run in and out,run into flexures,wrinkle.Cristes cors,Christ's corse.Croche, ii. 312,crouch.Croft, ii. 22,inclosure near a house.Crois, ii. 13;croiz, ii. 12,cross.Crook, ii. 70,twist,wrinkle,distort;crook my knee, ii. 71,make lame my knee.They say in the North "the horse is crookit,"i.e.lame;the "horse crooks,"i.e.goes lame. P.Crouneth, ii. 12,crown ye.Crowch, i. 180,crutch.Crown, i. 26,head.Crowt, iii.10,to pucker up,draw close together.(Another form of crowd.)Crumpling, ii. 257,crooked,horned.Cryance, i. 65, 66, 78,fear.Cule, ii. 229,cool.Cum, i. 28, 59, 101, 143;ii. 132,come,came.Cummer, ii. 133,gossip,friend;Fr. commère, compère.Cure, ii. 76,care,heed,regard.Dale,deal;bot gif I dale, ii. 83,unless I share.Dampned, i. 161,damned,condemned.Dan,an ancient title of respect, from Lat. Dominus.Danske, ii. 254,Denmark.Dare, ii. 360,their;ii. 361,there.Darh, ii. 14,need.Darr'd, ii. 118,hit.Dart the tree, ii. 115,hit the tree.Dat, ii. 360,that.Daunger halt, ii. 16,fear holdeth.Dawes, iii.368,days.Dawkin, ii. 19, diminutive of David.De, ii. 360,the.De, i. 26, 30,die.Dealan, iii.134,dealing.Deare, ii. 308,hurt.Deare, iii.82,dearly.Deas, iii.the high table in a hall.F. dais, a canopy.Ded, ii. 26;dede, i. 30,dead.Dede is do, ii. 36,deed is done.Dee, iii.99,die.Deemed, iii.52;deemedst, ii. 217,doomed,judged;thus in the Isle of Man judges are called Deemsters. P.Deere, ii. 304,hurt,mischief.Deerely, ii. 194, iii.27;preciously,richly.Default, i. 303,neglect.Deid, ii. 83,dead;deid bell, iii.134,passing bell.Deid, i. 101, 147,deed.Deip, i. 60;deep.Deir, i. 83, 101;dear.Deir, iii.96,dearly.Deir, ii. 82,hurt,trouble.Deie, ii. 35,deal,bit.Dele, ii. 45,to deal.Dell,deal, part;every dell,every part.Delt, iii.119,dealt.Dem, ii. 361,them.Demaines, iii.209,demesnes,estates.Deme, ii. 265,judged,doomed.Denay, i. 217,deny,refuse.Dent, ii. 21,a dint,blow.Deol, ii. 13,dole,grief.Depart, ii. 37,separate;departing, ii. 84,dividing.Depured, i. 129,purified,run clear.Deray, ii. 28,confusion.Dere, ii. 20,dear, alsohurt.Dere, ii. 19,dire or sad.A.-S. derian, to hurt. "My dearest foe"—Hamlet.Dere, iii.357,wild animals.Derked, ii. 37,darkened.Dern, ii. 82,secret;I'dern, ii. 83,in secret.Descreeve, i. 63,describe;descrying, iii.168,describing.Devys, ii. 12,devise,the act of bequeathal by will.Dey, ii. 361,they.Dey, i. 33;deye, ii. 12,die.Did off, i. 114,took off;did on, iii.65,put on.Dight, i. 63, 74;dighte, ii. 162,decked,dressed,prepared,wrought,fitted out,done.Diht, ii. 11,wrought;ii. 12,sent.Dill, ii. 82,share.Dill,still,calm,mitigate.Dill, i. 63, 77, 78,dole,grief,pain,sorrow;dill I drye, i. 64,pain I suffer;dill was dight,grief was upon him.Dinge, iii.51,knock,beat.Dis,this.Discreeve, i. 77,describe, ordiscover.Disna, iii.123,does not.Disteynyd, i. 124,stained.Distrere, iii.108,the horse ridden by a knight in the tournament.Do, ii. 36,done.Dochter, i. 59, 145, ii. 68,daughter.Dois, i. 59, 83,does.Dois,days.Dol, ii. 13;dole, i. 63, 137, 292,dole,grief,sorrow.Doleful dumps, i. 188, 261,sorrowful gloom or heaviness of heart.Dolours,dolorous,mournful.Don, iii.208,do.Don, ii. 23,be made.Done roun, ii. 80,run down.Dosend, iii.123,dosing,drowsy,torpid,benumbed.Doth, dothe, doeth,do.Doubt, iii.327,fear.Doubteous,doubtful.Dough, ii. 360,though.Doughty, iii.26;doughtye, i. 305;dowghtye, i. 40;formidable.Doughete, i. 28,a doughty man.Dounae, i. 60,cannot.Dout, ii. 23,fear.Doute, i. 167,doubt.Doutted, i. 123,redoubted,feared.Douyty,doughty.Doy-trogh, ii. 24,dough trough,a kneading trough.Doys, i. 34,does.Doyter, ii. 20,daughter.Drake;brenand drake, ii. 23,burning, fire-breathing dragon.Drap,drop;draping, ii. 114, drapping, iii.97,dropping.Dre, i. 31, 83,suffer.Dreid, ii. 82,dread.Dreips, i. 146,drips,drops.Dreiry, iii.100,dreary.Drieps, iii.146,drips,drops.Drie, i. 144,suffer;ill, i. 284;undergo, i. 83.Drighnes, i. 119,dryness.Drogh, ii. 26,drew.Drovyers, i. 254,drovers,cattle-drivers.Drye, i. 49, 64, 78,suffer,endure.Dryng, ii. 8,drink.Duble dyse,double or false dice.Dude, ii. 7,did;dudest, ii. 9,didst.Duel, ii. 11,grief.Dughty, ii. 19, 26,doughty;dughtynesse of dent, ii. 21,sturdiness of blows.Dule, i. 83, 145,dole,grief,sorrow;dulefu', ii. 69,doleful.Dumps, i. 188, 261, ii. 69,heaviness of heart.Dwellan, iii.134,dwelling.Dy,die;dyan, iii.134,dying.Dyd on, i. 159,put on;dyd off, i. 164,doffed,put off.Dyght, i. 30,dressed,put on.Dyht, ii. 14,to dispose,order.Dynt, i. 30, dynte, i. 31, dyntes, i. 32,dint,blow,stroke.Dystrayne, ii. 37,afflict.Dyyt, ii. 24,dight,dressed.Eame,uncle.Eard,earth.Earn, ii. 70,to curdle,make cheese.Eathe, i. 273,easy.Eather, iii.100,either.Eche, ii. 246,each.Ee, i. 101, 178, ii. 60;een, i. 320,eye,eyes.Eene, iii.75,even.Effund, iii.301,pour forth.Eftsoon, iii.304,in a short time.Egge, ii. 259,to urge on.Eik, ii. 83,also.Eiked, ii. 85,added,enlarged.Ein, i. 145,even.Eir, i. 101, 146, 320,ever.Eise, ii. 212,ease.Eke, ii. 13,also.Eldridge, i. 64, 78,wild,hideous,ghostly,lonesome,uninhabited.

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