Cholera.To check the premonitory diarrhœa or purging, give the Alum Powders (26), or Alum with Infusion of Sweet Flag (12), or Omum Water (319); should these not succeed in checking it, try a few of the Compound Pepper Pills (299), but it is unadvisableto continue them long on account of the large proportion of Opium which they contain (285). One of the most useful forms of Cholera Pills, which should be commenced at the earlier stages when the purging sets in, is composed of 24 grains of Acetate of Lead, and two grains of Opium, made into a mass with a few drops of Honey, and divided into eight pills. Of these one may be given every hour or half-hour, according to the urgency of the symptoms, till the whole eight have been taken; but this number should not be exceeded, in consequence of the quantity of Opium they contain. Each pill may be taken in a wineglassful of Omum Water. Should the disease progress, Dr. Ayre's plan of treatment (285*), if the ingredients are at hand, should be pursued, together with the persevering use of Lemon Grass Oil (216) and Omum Water (318), for the purpose of checking the vomiting and stimulating the system. For the latter purpose also give an ounce (two table-spoonfuls) of the Brandy Mixture (426) every half-hour or oftener, unless Champagne or other sparkling wine is available, this being decidedly the best form of stimulant in these cases—only it must be given in moderation at stated periods; more harm than good is done by over-stimulation. The patient should be encouraged to drink plentifully ofcoldwater, iced if possible; though the first draught or two may be rejected, it will soon be retained if persevered in. Chicken Broth, or Lime Water and Milk, may also be given plentifully as a drink. The other accessories to the above are Mustard Poultices (251) or Turpentine Stupes (363) over theheart (left side of the chest), bags of hot sand or salt to the spine, feet, and legs, and diligent friction with the hand or hot towels. At the same time the patient should not be moved about more than can be possibly helped.—N.B. During an epidemic of Choleraimpressupon everybody the necessity of applying for medicinesdirectly they feel unwell or have the slightest purging; those who come thus early for treatment stand a much better chance of recovery than those who delay even a few hours.Here time is of the most vital importance.
To check the premonitory diarrhœa or purging, give the Alum Powders (26), or Alum with Infusion of Sweet Flag (12), or Omum Water (319); should these not succeed in checking it, try a few of the Compound Pepper Pills (299), but it is unadvisableto continue them long on account of the large proportion of Opium which they contain (285). One of the most useful forms of Cholera Pills, which should be commenced at the earlier stages when the purging sets in, is composed of 24 grains of Acetate of Lead, and two grains of Opium, made into a mass with a few drops of Honey, and divided into eight pills. Of these one may be given every hour or half-hour, according to the urgency of the symptoms, till the whole eight have been taken; but this number should not be exceeded, in consequence of the quantity of Opium they contain. Each pill may be taken in a wineglassful of Omum Water. Should the disease progress, Dr. Ayre's plan of treatment (285*), if the ingredients are at hand, should be pursued, together with the persevering use of Lemon Grass Oil (216) and Omum Water (318), for the purpose of checking the vomiting and stimulating the system. For the latter purpose also give an ounce (two table-spoonfuls) of the Brandy Mixture (426) every half-hour or oftener, unless Champagne or other sparkling wine is available, this being decidedly the best form of stimulant in these cases—only it must be given in moderation at stated periods; more harm than good is done by over-stimulation. The patient should be encouraged to drink plentifully ofcoldwater, iced if possible; though the first draught or two may be rejected, it will soon be retained if persevered in. Chicken Broth, or Lime Water and Milk, may also be given plentifully as a drink. The other accessories to the above are Mustard Poultices (251) or Turpentine Stupes (363) over theheart (left side of the chest), bags of hot sand or salt to the spine, feet, and legs, and diligent friction with the hand or hot towels. At the same time the patient should not be moved about more than can be possibly helped.—N.B. During an epidemic of Choleraimpressupon everybody the necessity of applying for medicinesdirectly they feel unwell or have the slightest purging; those who come thus early for treatment stand a much better chance of recovery than those who delay even a few hours.Here time is of the most vital importance.
Chorea, St. Vitus's Dance.Fish Liver Oil (141), Infusion of Jatamansi (184), and Sulphate of Iron (177), alone or in combination, according to circumstances, are worthy of a trial. N.B.—This, as well as other nervous affections, is often due to intestinal worms: attention should therefore be paid to this point. (SeeConvulsions.)
Fish Liver Oil (141), Infusion of Jatamansi (184), and Sulphate of Iron (177), alone or in combination, according to circumstances, are worthy of a trial. N.B.—This, as well as other nervous affections, is often due to intestinal worms: attention should therefore be paid to this point. (SeeConvulsions.)
Cocculus Indicus, Poisoning by.Having emptied the stomach by an emetic of Sulphate of Copper (117) or Mustard (246), give copious draughts of Decoction of Galls (152), followed by a full dose of Castor Oil to carry off any of the poison which may have passed into the intestines. Brandy or other stimulants are required should there be great depression or exhaustion.
Having emptied the stomach by an emetic of Sulphate of Copper (117) or Mustard (246), give copious draughts of Decoction of Galls (152), followed by a full dose of Castor Oil to carry off any of the poison which may have passed into the intestines. Brandy or other stimulants are required should there be great depression or exhaustion.
ColdsSeeCatarrhs.
SeeCatarrhs.
Colic in Adults.To be treated in a manner described in Spasmodic Affections of the Bowels.TheColic of Children, usually connected with flatulence, generally yields to Omum Water (318*), Infusion of Dill (134), with or without Asafœtida (36), and a Hot Bath (387), followed by a dose of Castor Oil.
To be treated in a manner described in Spasmodic Affections of the Bowels.TheColic of Children, usually connected with flatulence, generally yields to Omum Water (318*), Infusion of Dill (134), with or without Asafœtida (36), and a Hot Bath (387), followed by a dose of Castor Oil.
Constipation.For the immediate relief of this, aperients are required. Castor Oil (83) and Senna (336) are best adapted for children and delicate females; Aloes (18, 19) for women suffering from irregularity or suspension of the menstrual discharge; Myrobalans (256) and Kaladana (187) for otherwise healthy adults; and Croton Pills (120) or Croton Oil (121) when strong and speedy purgation is indicated.The Constipation of Hysterical Femalesis best treated by Aloes and Asafœtida Pills (19);Habitual Constipation, by Aloes, as directed in Paragraph 20, or by Sulphur (344);that of Childrenby Fish Liver Oil (139), together with the use of oatmeal as an article of diet. A remedy for habitual constipation in children, as well as in adults, is to be sought for in tonics rather than in purgatives; the repeated use of the latter lays the foundation of great subsequent mischief. N.B.—The practice of nativeayahs(female servants) of inserting a piece of tobacco stem into the anus of young children to relieve constipation,cannot be too strongly reprobated.
For the immediate relief of this, aperients are required. Castor Oil (83) and Senna (336) are best adapted for children and delicate females; Aloes (18, 19) for women suffering from irregularity or suspension of the menstrual discharge; Myrobalans (256) and Kaladana (187) for otherwise healthy adults; and Croton Pills (120) or Croton Oil (121) when strong and speedy purgation is indicated.The Constipation of Hysterical Femalesis best treated by Aloes and Asafœtida Pills (19);Habitual Constipation, by Aloes, as directed in Paragraph 20, or by Sulphur (344);that of Childrenby Fish Liver Oil (139), together with the use of oatmeal as an article of diet. A remedy for habitual constipation in children, as well as in adults, is to be sought for in tonics rather than in purgatives; the repeated use of the latter lays the foundation of great subsequent mischief. N.B.—The practice of nativeayahs(female servants) of inserting a piece of tobacco stem into the anus of young children to relieve constipation,cannot be too strongly reprobated.
Consumption, Pulmonary (Phthisis).The persevering use of Fish Liver Oil (138) is chiefly to be relied upon, with or without Lime Water and Milk (226), as an ordinary drink.As a preventivesponge the chestdaily with diluted Vinegar (378). Mustard Poultices (247) or Croton Liniment (122) to the chest sometimes gives relief tothe Cough and Difficulty of Breathing, as does the inhalation of the vapour of Hot Water (390) or Decoction of Abelmoschus (3).For the Diarrhœa, try the Alum Powders (26) or Sulphate of Copper (110).For the excessive Perspirations, sponge the chest with Vinegar (378).For the Sore Mouth or Fissures of the Tongue, apply Borax (55), or Alum (29).For Bleeding from the Lungstry some of the means mentioned inHæmorrhage, Internal.
The persevering use of Fish Liver Oil (138) is chiefly to be relied upon, with or without Lime Water and Milk (226), as an ordinary drink.As a preventivesponge the chestdaily with diluted Vinegar (378). Mustard Poultices (247) or Croton Liniment (122) to the chest sometimes gives relief tothe Cough and Difficulty of Breathing, as does the inhalation of the vapour of Hot Water (390) or Decoction of Abelmoschus (3).For the Diarrhœa, try the Alum Powders (26) or Sulphate of Copper (110).For the excessive Perspirations, sponge the chest with Vinegar (378).For the Sore Mouth or Fissures of the Tongue, apply Borax (55), or Alum (29).For Bleeding from the Lungstry some of the means mentioned inHæmorrhage, Internal.
Convulsions in Adults, arising without evident cause.Best treated by cold Affusion (386), Mustard Poultices (248), or Turpentine Stupes (363) to the feet and legs, and a strong purgative, as Croton Pills (120), Croton Oil (121), or Kaladana (187). If the patient be unable to swallow, a Turpentine enema (364) may be used.When the Convulsions are due to poisons, &c., taken into the stomach, an emetic of Mustard (246) or Sulphate of Copper (117) should precede all other measures.In the Convulsions of Labour, Turpentine Stupes (363) or Mustard Poultices (248) should be applied to the extremities, and Evaporating Lotion (380) to the head, whilst Camphor and Calomel Pills (73), or Borax and Cinnamon (58), are given internally. A Turpentine enema (364) may also prove useful.The Convulsions of Childrenare best treated with a Hot Bath (387), and a full dose of Castor Oil (83), preceded by one or two grains of Calomel when at hand, or a dose or two of Asafœtida Mixture (36).In the Convulsions of Infancy and Childhood, especially when the cause is obscure, unconnected with teething, &c., Bromide of Potassium is often more serviceable than any other remedy, in doses of a quarter of a grain for a child under six weeks of age, half a grain under three months, one grain above that age to nine months, and one grain additional for every year up to three or four years of age. And these doses may be safely repeated every two, three, or four hours until the convulsions subside. The smaller doses may be obtained with exactitude by dissolving, say, one grain of the Bromide in four teaspoonfuls of water, and giving one, two, or three spoonfuls, or the whole quantity, as one quarter, one half, one third, or one grain respectively is required. It is worthy of a fair trial in all cases which resist ordinary means, but should not be used to the exclusion of the hot bath and careful regulation of the bowels. When the child is very much exhausted, a few drops of Brandy, three to six, or more, according to age, are often most useful. Convulsions of early childhood are frequently connected with teething, hence lancing the gums is often of essential benefit.
Best treated by cold Affusion (386), Mustard Poultices (248), or Turpentine Stupes (363) to the feet and legs, and a strong purgative, as Croton Pills (120), Croton Oil (121), or Kaladana (187). If the patient be unable to swallow, a Turpentine enema (364) may be used.When the Convulsions are due to poisons, &c., taken into the stomach, an emetic of Mustard (246) or Sulphate of Copper (117) should precede all other measures.In the Convulsions of Labour, Turpentine Stupes (363) or Mustard Poultices (248) should be applied to the extremities, and Evaporating Lotion (380) to the head, whilst Camphor and Calomel Pills (73), or Borax and Cinnamon (58), are given internally. A Turpentine enema (364) may also prove useful.The Convulsions of Childrenare best treated with a Hot Bath (387), and a full dose of Castor Oil (83), preceded by one or two grains of Calomel when at hand, or a dose or two of Asafœtida Mixture (36).In the Convulsions of Infancy and Childhood, especially when the cause is obscure, unconnected with teething, &c., Bromide of Potassium is often more serviceable than any other remedy, in doses of a quarter of a grain for a child under six weeks of age, half a grain under three months, one grain above that age to nine months, and one grain additional for every year up to three or four years of age. And these doses may be safely repeated every two, three, or four hours until the convulsions subside. The smaller doses may be obtained with exactitude by dissolving, say, one grain of the Bromide in four teaspoonfuls of water, and giving one, two, or three spoonfuls, or the whole quantity, as one quarter, one half, one third, or one grain respectively is required. It is worthy of a fair trial in all cases which resist ordinary means, but should not be used to the exclusion of the hot bath and careful regulation of the bowels. When the child is very much exhausted, a few drops of Brandy, three to six, or more, according to age, are often most useful. Convulsions of early childhood are frequently connected with teething, hence lancing the gums is often of essential benefit.
N.B.—Convulsions and nervous affections occurring in Natives and Anglo-Indians are very frequently due to the presence of worms in the intestines; their existence may perhaps be unsuspected, or even denied; hence in all cases which resist ordinary treatment, it is advisable to give a trial to one or more of the remedies recommended forWorms, especially those for theLumbricusorRound Worm, which is so extensively prevalent in India.
Corns.Best treated by immersion in hot soap and water, paring off the hardened cuticle and wearing a piece of thick plaster, with or without a hole in the centre, to ward off the pressure and friction.For Corns between the Toesnothing is more effectual than a piece of thick blotting-paper worn so as to protect the opposing surface: it should be renewed daily. If only ordinary thin blotting-paper be available, two folds are advisable.
Best treated by immersion in hot soap and water, paring off the hardened cuticle and wearing a piece of thick plaster, with or without a hole in the centre, to ward off the pressure and friction.For Corns between the Toesnothing is more effectual than a piece of thick blotting-paper worn so as to protect the opposing surface: it should be renewed daily. If only ordinary thin blotting-paper be available, two folds are advisable.
Corrosive Sublimate, Poisoning by.SeeMercurial Salts, Poisoning by.
SeeMercurial Salts, Poisoning by.
Coughs.Try Sal Ammoniac (329) and Country Ipecacuanha (370); with Rice Poultices (322) or Mustard Poultices (247), Turpentine Liniment (366), or Camphorated Opium Liniment (291) externally, and the inhalation of the vapour of Hot Water (390) or Decoction of Abelmoschus (2). If severe, a blister (349, 350) to the chest may be necessary.In Chronic cases, especially when attended with much expectoration and debility, give Fish Liver Oil (140).In Spasmodic Coughs, violent paroxysms may be relieved by inhaling the fumes of Nitre Paper (268), or by smoking Datura (129).For the Cough of Old Age, Cubebs (126) is worth a trial.For the Cough of Childhood, Syrup of Country Liquorice (6), Asafœtida (37), Honey and Vinegar (166), and Fish Liver Oil, may be resorted to according to circumstances. Camphor Liniment (70), Mustard Poultices (247), or bags filled with hot salt, or better still, Betel Leaves (48), applied externally,tend torelieve difficulty of breathing in these cases. Sponging the chest with Vinegar is thought to lessen the liability to attack (378).
Try Sal Ammoniac (329) and Country Ipecacuanha (370); with Rice Poultices (322) or Mustard Poultices (247), Turpentine Liniment (366), or Camphorated Opium Liniment (291) externally, and the inhalation of the vapour of Hot Water (390) or Decoction of Abelmoschus (2). If severe, a blister (349, 350) to the chest may be necessary.In Chronic cases, especially when attended with much expectoration and debility, give Fish Liver Oil (140).In Spasmodic Coughs, violent paroxysms may be relieved by inhaling the fumes of Nitre Paper (268), or by smoking Datura (129).For the Cough of Old Age, Cubebs (126) is worth a trial.For the Cough of Childhood, Syrup of Country Liquorice (6), Asafœtida (37), Honey and Vinegar (166), and Fish Liver Oil, may be resorted to according to circumstances. Camphor Liniment (70), Mustard Poultices (247), or bags filled with hot salt, or better still, Betel Leaves (48), applied externally,tend torelieve difficulty of breathing in these cases. Sponging the chest with Vinegar is thought to lessen the liability to attack (378).
Coup de Soleil.SeeSunstroke.
SeeSunstroke.
Croton Oil Seeds, Poisoning by.See Par. 234.
See Par. 234.
Croup.Sulphate of Copper (111) as an emetic, and Hot Water Stupes (390) externally, are valuable accessories in the treatment of this disease.
Sulphate of Copper (111) as an emetic, and Hot Water Stupes (390) externally, are valuable accessories in the treatment of this disease.
"The best and readiest emetic," writes Dr. Aitchison, "is a pinch of Ipecacuanha Powder placed dry at the back of the child's tongue. This usually acts instantaneously, so be prepared for the emergency. Sponges dipped in extremely hot water, then rinsed out, and continuously applied over the throat, will often check a coming attack. Poultices are useful, but are apt to do much harm if allowed to become cold. Mustard poultices should not be applied, as without due care they are apt to make the skin tender, and thus prevent the use of hot fomentations."
Datura, Poisoning by swallowing the seeds of, &c.To be treated in the manner directed for Opium poisoning.Where Insensibility arises from the Inhalation of the Fumes, Cold Water Affusion (386) in the open air often succeeds in removing it at once. The patient should be aroused by any or all of the means enumerated in poisoning by Opium. The nervous symptoms may continue for two or three days, and yet recovery follow.
To be treated in the manner directed for Opium poisoning.Where Insensibility arises from the Inhalation of the Fumes, Cold Water Affusion (386) in the open air often succeeds in removing it at once. The patient should be aroused by any or all of the means enumerated in poisoning by Opium. The nervous symptoms may continue for two or three days, and yet recovery follow.
Debility, Constitutional.Requires the use of the following tonics, either alone or combined: Chiretta (98, 99*), Sweet Flag Root (12), Country Sarsaparilla (163), Kariyát (191), NÃm Bark (260), or Gulancha (352).When attended with Anæmia or great pallor of the surface, especially of the inner surface of the eyelids and tongue, Sulphate of Iron (174) is indicated. The efficacy of all these remedies is increased by a liberal animal diet, and gentle exercise in the open air.Debility after Fevers.SeeFevers.
Requires the use of the following tonics, either alone or combined: Chiretta (98, 99*), Sweet Flag Root (12), Country Sarsaparilla (163), Kariyát (191), NÃm Bark (260), or Gulancha (352).When attended with Anæmia or great pallor of the surface, especially of the inner surface of the eyelids and tongue, Sulphate of Iron (174) is indicated. The efficacy of all these remedies is increased by a liberal animal diet, and gentle exercise in the open air.Debility after Fevers.SeeFevers.
Delhi Sores.The Borax Ointment (59) is strongly recommended. See alsoUlcers.
The Borax Ointment (59) is strongly recommended. See alsoUlcers.
Delirium.Generally is best treated by Evaporating Lotion (380) to the head, the Mustard Foot Bath (248), or Turpentine Stupes (363) to the extremities and a strong purgative;for that occurring in Fevers, seeFevers.
Generally is best treated by Evaporating Lotion (380) to the head, the Mustard Foot Bath (248), or Turpentine Stupes (363) to the extremities and a strong purgative;for that occurring in Fevers, seeFevers.
Delirium Tremens.To relieve sleeplessness and anxiety, give Opium and Camphor (283), or better still, Bromide of Potassium, as advised inSleeplessness in Head Affections. See that article. Try also the Mustard Foot Bath (248, 249), or the Wet Sheet (397b).To support the strength, give Brandy Mixture (427*) and a nourishing diet.
To relieve sleeplessness and anxiety, give Opium and Camphor (283), or better still, Bromide of Potassium, as advised inSleeplessness in Head Affections. See that article. Try also the Mustard Foot Bath (248, 249), or the Wet Sheet (397b).To support the strength, give Brandy Mixture (427*) and a nourishing diet.
Diabetes.Vapour Baths (396) in the early stages, Alum Whey (27) and Lime Water (226) internally, with Opium (288), at bedtime, prove occasionally useful as palliatives. Their operation is assisted by afull animal diet, with a diminished quantity of rice and other farinaceous food, and by warm clothing. Use Lemonade as a drink (232).
Vapour Baths (396) in the early stages, Alum Whey (27) and Lime Water (226) internally, with Opium (288), at bedtime, prove occasionally useful as palliatives. Their operation is assisted by afull animal diet, with a diminished quantity of rice and other farinaceous food, and by warm clothing. Use Lemonade as a drink (232).
Diarrhœa.In the early stages, especially if attended with heat of skin, &c., give Country Ipecacuanha (369) and Ispaghúl seeds (304), with a mild aperient, as Castor Oil, if there is reason to think that the attack arises from crude, undigested food in the intestines. The Acetate of Lead and Opium Pills advised for Cholera are often very successful in these cases. One may be given every two or three hours, or oftener, according to the urgency of the symptoms; they are especially useful inEpidemic Diarrhœa.In the advanced stages or in Chronic Diarrhœatry Sulphate of Copper (110), Catechu (88), Alum (26), or one of the following: Decoction of Babúl Bark (9), Infusion of Sweet Flag (12), Bael (44), Butea Gum (62), Galls (146), Decoction of Pomegranate (312), and Omum Water (317), with or without the addition, in each case, of a small portion of Opium (289). Turpentine Stupes (363) to the abdomen are useful if much pain is present.When the disease is apparently of malarious origin or connected with periodic Fevers of any kind, Quinine (three to five grains twice or thrice daily) should be associated with whatever other remedies are being employed. Try also Warm Water Enemas (393).When connected with Acidity of the Stomach, give Lime Water (222).When caused by Over-eating or by Indigestible Food, follow up an emetic of Mustard (246) or Country Ipecacuanha (368), to unload thestomach, by Omum Water (318), and subsequently by a dose of Castor Oil. Capsicum (79) is thought to be specially usefulin Diarrhœa arising from the use of putrid food, e.g., fish. The Diarrhœa of Childrenoften yields to a dose of Castor Oil, if given early; if not, one of the following may be tried: Acorus or Sweet Flag (13*), Bael (44), Catechu (88), Sulphate of Copper (110), Sulphate of Iron (181*), Saccharated Solution of Lime (220), or Ispaghúl Seeds (304). Omum Water (318) may be advantageously combined with any of the above.The Diarrhœa which precedes Cholera.SeeCholera. N.B.—In all cases of diarrhœa the food should be mild and unirritating, thick Arrowroot (423) being the best suited for the purpose, and, in every obstinate or chronic case, a flannel bandage should always be worn round the abdomen.
In the early stages, especially if attended with heat of skin, &c., give Country Ipecacuanha (369) and Ispaghúl seeds (304), with a mild aperient, as Castor Oil, if there is reason to think that the attack arises from crude, undigested food in the intestines. The Acetate of Lead and Opium Pills advised for Cholera are often very successful in these cases. One may be given every two or three hours, or oftener, according to the urgency of the symptoms; they are especially useful inEpidemic Diarrhœa.In the advanced stages or in Chronic Diarrhœatry Sulphate of Copper (110), Catechu (88), Alum (26), or one of the following: Decoction of Babúl Bark (9), Infusion of Sweet Flag (12), Bael (44), Butea Gum (62), Galls (146), Decoction of Pomegranate (312), and Omum Water (317), with or without the addition, in each case, of a small portion of Opium (289). Turpentine Stupes (363) to the abdomen are useful if much pain is present.When the disease is apparently of malarious origin or connected with periodic Fevers of any kind, Quinine (three to five grains twice or thrice daily) should be associated with whatever other remedies are being employed. Try also Warm Water Enemas (393).When connected with Acidity of the Stomach, give Lime Water (222).When caused by Over-eating or by Indigestible Food, follow up an emetic of Mustard (246) or Country Ipecacuanha (368), to unload thestomach, by Omum Water (318), and subsequently by a dose of Castor Oil. Capsicum (79) is thought to be specially usefulin Diarrhœa arising from the use of putrid food, e.g., fish. The Diarrhœa of Childrenoften yields to a dose of Castor Oil, if given early; if not, one of the following may be tried: Acorus or Sweet Flag (13*), Bael (44), Catechu (88), Sulphate of Copper (110), Sulphate of Iron (181*), Saccharated Solution of Lime (220), or Ispaghúl Seeds (304). Omum Water (318) may be advantageously combined with any of the above.The Diarrhœa which precedes Cholera.SeeCholera. N.B.—In all cases of diarrhœa the food should be mild and unirritating, thick Arrowroot (423) being the best suited for the purpose, and, in every obstinate or chronic case, a flannel bandage should always be worn round the abdomen.
Dropsy.Occurring in the young and vigorous is best treated at the outset by strong purgatives, as Croton Pills (120) or Croton Oil (121), or Kaladana (187), followed by medicines which increase the flow of urine, as Decoction of Asteracantha (39), Infusion of Moringa (237), Mustard Whey (250), or Infusion of Pedalium (297), with which Nitre (269) or Sal Ammoniac (331) may be combined, as circumstances require. The Vapour Bath (396) twice a week proves useful in recent cases, where the patient is strong enough to bear it. Where the patient is very debilitated and anæmic, Sulphate of Iron (174, 178) should be tried.
Occurring in the young and vigorous is best treated at the outset by strong purgatives, as Croton Pills (120) or Croton Oil (121), or Kaladana (187), followed by medicines which increase the flow of urine, as Decoction of Asteracantha (39), Infusion of Moringa (237), Mustard Whey (250), or Infusion of Pedalium (297), with which Nitre (269) or Sal Ammoniac (331) may be combined, as circumstances require. The Vapour Bath (396) twice a week proves useful in recent cases, where the patient is strong enough to bear it. Where the patient is very debilitated and anæmic, Sulphate of Iron (174, 178) should be tried.
Drunkenness.After a debauch, a Mustard emetic (246) proves most useful in unloading the stomach of any spirit remaining in it. A few drops, six to twelve, of Liquor Ammoniæ in water subsequently given, are often of signal success. Strong Coffee,café noir, is also most useful.To allay the subsequent cravings for drinktry Omum Water (320).
After a debauch, a Mustard emetic (246) proves most useful in unloading the stomach of any spirit remaining in it. A few drops, six to twelve, of Liquor Ammoniæ in water subsequently given, are often of signal success. Strong Coffee,café noir, is also most useful.To allay the subsequent cravings for drinktry Omum Water (320).
Dysentery.In the early stages give Country Ipecacuanha (369) and Ispaghúl Seeds (304), or Sesamum leaves (338a), with or without Opium (289*, 289a), and apply Hot Fomentations to the abdomen and Leeches to the verge of the anus (211); the latter tend much to relieve the pain and straining, as do also Opiate enemas (289a). The treatment of Acute Dysentery by large doses of Ipecacuanha, reintroduced into practice in 1858 by Dr. Docker, is acknowledged by the most experienced authorities to be far more effectual than any other. It consists, in the main, of administering, as early in the disease as possible, 25 to 30 grains of Ipecacuanha, in as small a quantity of fluid as possible, premising half an hour previously 25 to 30 drops of Laudanum. The patient should keep perfectly still in bed, and abstain from fluids for at least three hours. If thirsty, he may suck a little ice, or may have a teaspoonful of cold water. It is seldom, under this management, that nausea is excessive, and vomiting is rarely troublesome, seldom setting in for two hours after the medicine has been taken. Mustard Poultices (247) or Turpentine Stupes (362) should be applied to the abdomen. In fromeight to ten hours, according to the urgency of the symptoms and the effect produced by the first dose, Ipecacuanha in a reduced dose should be repeated, with the same precautions as before. The effects of this treatment are soon manifest and surprising; the griping and straining subside, the motions quickly become feculent, blood and slime disappear; and often, after profuse action of the skin, the patient falls into a tranquil sleep and awakes refreshed. The treatment may require to be continued for some days, the medicine being given in diminished doses, care being taken to allow a sufficient interval to admit of the patient taking some mild nourishment suited to the stage of the disease. As the disease abates, the dose should be reduced. It is well, however, to administer 10 or 12 grains at bedtime for a night or two, after the stools are, to all appearance, healthy. Fomentations or Turpentine Stupes to the abdomen lessen griping and diminish suffering. If a little diarrhœa without the dysenteric odour remain, it may be checked with a little astringent mixture, with or without Opium. Astringents in any shape during the acute stage are notonly useless, but dangerous. (Dr. Maclean.) To sum up, it appears—1. That acute dysentery is more successfully and speedily treated by large doses of Ipecacuanha than by other means. 2. That it is more effectual in the acute than in the chronic forms. 3. That large doses, such as are mentioned above, may be given with perfect safety, without fear of ill effects; and 4. That it is less successful with the natives of India than withEuropeans. In the acute dysentery of natives, small doses,e.g., from six to eight grains thrice daily, so as to keep up a slight degree of nausea, short of actual vomiting, seem to answer better than the large doses mentioned above. It may be advantageously combined with Opium, from a quarter to half a grain with each dose.
In the early stages give Country Ipecacuanha (369) and Ispaghúl Seeds (304), or Sesamum leaves (338a), with or without Opium (289*, 289a), and apply Hot Fomentations to the abdomen and Leeches to the verge of the anus (211); the latter tend much to relieve the pain and straining, as do also Opiate enemas (289a). The treatment of Acute Dysentery by large doses of Ipecacuanha, reintroduced into practice in 1858 by Dr. Docker, is acknowledged by the most experienced authorities to be far more effectual than any other. It consists, in the main, of administering, as early in the disease as possible, 25 to 30 grains of Ipecacuanha, in as small a quantity of fluid as possible, premising half an hour previously 25 to 30 drops of Laudanum. The patient should keep perfectly still in bed, and abstain from fluids for at least three hours. If thirsty, he may suck a little ice, or may have a teaspoonful of cold water. It is seldom, under this management, that nausea is excessive, and vomiting is rarely troublesome, seldom setting in for two hours after the medicine has been taken. Mustard Poultices (247) or Turpentine Stupes (362) should be applied to the abdomen. In fromeight to ten hours, according to the urgency of the symptoms and the effect produced by the first dose, Ipecacuanha in a reduced dose should be repeated, with the same precautions as before. The effects of this treatment are soon manifest and surprising; the griping and straining subside, the motions quickly become feculent, blood and slime disappear; and often, after profuse action of the skin, the patient falls into a tranquil sleep and awakes refreshed. The treatment may require to be continued for some days, the medicine being given in diminished doses, care being taken to allow a sufficient interval to admit of the patient taking some mild nourishment suited to the stage of the disease. As the disease abates, the dose should be reduced. It is well, however, to administer 10 or 12 grains at bedtime for a night or two, after the stools are, to all appearance, healthy. Fomentations or Turpentine Stupes to the abdomen lessen griping and diminish suffering. If a little diarrhœa without the dysenteric odour remain, it may be checked with a little astringent mixture, with or without Opium. Astringents in any shape during the acute stage are notonly useless, but dangerous. (Dr. Maclean.) To sum up, it appears—1. That acute dysentery is more successfully and speedily treated by large doses of Ipecacuanha than by other means. 2. That it is more effectual in the acute than in the chronic forms. 3. That large doses, such as are mentioned above, may be given with perfect safety, without fear of ill effects; and 4. That it is less successful with the natives of India than withEuropeans. In the acute dysentery of natives, small doses,e.g., from six to eight grains thrice daily, so as to keep up a slight degree of nausea, short of actual vomiting, seem to answer better than the large doses mentioned above. It may be advantageously combined with Opium, from a quarter to half a grain with each dose.
When of malarious origin or when occurring in the course of periodical Fevers, Quinine (three to five grains twice or thrice daily) should form part of whatever other treatment is being followed.In the advanced stages, or when it passes into Chronic Dysentery, apply Turpentine Stupes (362) to the abdomen, and give Sulphate of Copper (110), Bael (44), Infusion of Kariyát (191), Decoction of Pomegranate Rind (312), or Sal Ammoniac (331). When an aperient is required, give Sulphur and Cream of Tartar (344) or Castor Oil, with the addition of a small portion of Opium.For the Dysentery of Natives, Decoction of Sweet Flag (13), Galls (146), Mudar (243), Opium (289a), and Decoction of Pomegranate Rind (312) seem best suited.For the Chronic Dysentery of Childrenthe Saccharated Solution of Lime (220), Bael (44), Sulphate of Copper (110), or Sulphate of Iron (181) are indicated. See alsoDiarrhœa of Children. N.B.—In all cases of dysentery the food should be mild and unirritating, and a flannel bandage worn round the abdomen. Soups containing mucilage of Abelmoschus (2) prove useful.
Dysmenorrhœa.SeeMenstruation, Painful.
SeeMenstruation, Painful.
Dyspepsia.SeeIndigestion.
SeeIndigestion.
Ear, Discharges from, in Scrofulous Subjects.Syringe the ear daily with Lime Water (225), or tepid water, or milk and water, and give Fish Liver Oil internally (138).Buzzing or Noises in the Earoften depend upon an accumulation of wax in the outer passage; to remove this and effect a cure all that is necessary in many cases is to insert a drop or two of sweet oil for an hour or two, and then to syringe the ear well out with tepid water or soap and water, and repeat the same twice or thrice daily. This also sometimes relievesEar-Ache: if not, use Opium as directed in Paragraph 292.
Syringe the ear daily with Lime Water (225), or tepid water, or milk and water, and give Fish Liver Oil internally (138).Buzzing or Noises in the Earoften depend upon an accumulation of wax in the outer passage; to remove this and effect a cure all that is necessary in many cases is to insert a drop or two of sweet oil for an hour or two, and then to syringe the ear well out with tepid water or soap and water, and repeat the same twice or thrice daily. This also sometimes relievesEar-Ache: if not, use Opium as directed in Paragraph 292.
Elephantiasis.The paroxysms of fever which accompany this disease are to be treated in the manner directed for Intermittent Fever (infra). The only means of arresting the progress of the disease is to remove permanently from a locality in which it is endemic or prevalent to another situated at least ten miles distant from the sea-coast; the higher and drier the site the better.
The paroxysms of fever which accompany this disease are to be treated in the manner directed for Intermittent Fever (infra). The only means of arresting the progress of the disease is to remove permanently from a locality in which it is endemic or prevalent to another situated at least ten miles distant from the sea-coast; the higher and drier the site the better.
Epilepsy.Sometimes improves under Fish Liver Oil (141); its use may be combined with Sulphate of Copper, in doses of a quarter of a grain twice or thrice daily. For this purpose, dissolve two grains in one ounce of Omum Water; of this, the dose is a teaspoonful. Far superior to all other remedies forEpilepsyis Bromide of Potassium in doses of 10 to15 grains, in a wineglassful of water, thrice daily. Should the disease not yield to these doses, they may be gradually increased to double or even treble these quantities. The earlier in the disease this remedy is resorted to, the greater are its chances of success; and as a general rule it proves more useful when the fits are severe and frequent, and occur mainly in the daytime, than in the milder attacks, which come only at night. In all cases it is worthy of a fair trial. See also remarks at the end ofConvulsionsin this Index.
Sometimes improves under Fish Liver Oil (141); its use may be combined with Sulphate of Copper, in doses of a quarter of a grain twice or thrice daily. For this purpose, dissolve two grains in one ounce of Omum Water; of this, the dose is a teaspoonful. Far superior to all other remedies forEpilepsyis Bromide of Potassium in doses of 10 to15 grains, in a wineglassful of water, thrice daily. Should the disease not yield to these doses, they may be gradually increased to double or even treble these quantities. The earlier in the disease this remedy is resorted to, the greater are its chances of success; and as a general rule it proves more useful when the fits are severe and frequent, and occur mainly in the daytime, than in the milder attacks, which come only at night. In all cases it is worthy of a fair trial. See also remarks at the end ofConvulsionsin this Index.
Exhaustion from Hæmorrhage after Fevers or other causes.Give Brandy Mixture (426).
Give Brandy Mixture (426).
Eyes, Affections of.Datura (128β). For "Country Sore Eye," apply Alum, as directed in Paragraph 23, and Decoction of Turmeric (360) to relieve the burning sensation. Try also Solution of Sugar (406).For other forms of Ophthalmia, attended with copious discharge, try Sulphate of Copper (113).To relieve great pain and intolerance of light, use Opium locally (292).Blows on the Eye: Alum Poultice (24), followed by Sal Ammoniac Lotion (332), to remove discoloration.Particles of Lime in the Eyemay be dissolved and removed by dilute Vinegar (382).Particles of Dirt, &c., may often be speedily dislodged and removed by drawing the upper eyelid well over the under one as far as possible for a few seconds. This simple plan is often successful when others fail. If this fail, try Solution of Sugar (406). Fresh PlantainLeaf (307) forms an excellent shade for the eyes in all affections of those organs.
Datura (128β). For "Country Sore Eye," apply Alum, as directed in Paragraph 23, and Decoction of Turmeric (360) to relieve the burning sensation. Try also Solution of Sugar (406).For other forms of Ophthalmia, attended with copious discharge, try Sulphate of Copper (113).To relieve great pain and intolerance of light, use Opium locally (292).Blows on the Eye: Alum Poultice (24), followed by Sal Ammoniac Lotion (332), to remove discoloration.Particles of Lime in the Eyemay be dissolved and removed by dilute Vinegar (382).Particles of Dirt, &c., may often be speedily dislodged and removed by drawing the upper eyelid well over the under one as far as possible for a few seconds. This simple plan is often successful when others fail. If this fail, try Solution of Sugar (406). Fresh PlantainLeaf (307) forms an excellent shade for the eyes in all affections of those organs.
Face-Ache, Neuralgic or Rheumatic.Sal Ammoniac (326), Sulphate of Iron (177), or Fish Liver Oil (141) internally; and Datura (130), and Mustard (253), or Ginger (157) Poultices locally, are measures which, used conjointly, often prove successful.When periodical, Cinchona Febrifuge (402*).
Sal Ammoniac (326), Sulphate of Iron (177), or Fish Liver Oil (141) internally; and Datura (130), and Mustard (253), or Ginger (157) Poultices locally, are measures which, used conjointly, often prove successful.When periodical, Cinchona Febrifuge (402*).
Fainting.Generally yields to dashing cold water over the face and neck (386), and applying strong smelling salts to the nostrils; when partially recovered, Omum Water (318) or Asafœtida (35) may be given, or should there be much exhaustion, a dose of Brandy Mixture (426).
Generally yields to dashing cold water over the face and neck (386), and applying strong smelling salts to the nostrils; when partially recovered, Omum Water (318) or Asafœtida (35) may be given, or should there be much exhaustion, a dose of Brandy Mixture (426).
Fevers, Ardent or Continued.In most cases it is advisable to commence with a purgative of Kaladana (187), Castor Oil (83), or Myrobalans (256), or if the patient be a strong adult, a Croton Pill (120); after its operation the Solution of Nitre (264) may be given, and Decoction of Abelmoschus (2), Lemonade (232), or Tamarind Infusion (346),to allay the thirst and cool the system. A very useful and refreshing drink in all fevers, especially if there is irritability of the stomach, is a mixture of equal parts of Milk and Soda Water, with the addition of a piece of ice if procurable. Sucking small pieces of ice also allays thirst and cools the system; for this latter purpose, also, sponging the surface with Water (385) or diluted Vinegar (376)may be employed. The diet should consist chiefly of RiceConjee(322) and other farinaceous articles, and the apartment should be kept cool and well ventilated.To relieve Headache or great fulness of the head, apply constantly Evaporating Lotion (380) or Nitre Lotion (265), or, if these fail to afford relief, Hot Water Fomentations (393). Leeches to the temples or nape of the neck (209) and Mustard Poultices to the feet (248) may also be necessary in severe cases.For any severe or acute pain arising in the chest or abdomen, Leeches (209) over the seat of pain should be applied, but if these fail try a Blister (349).For Vomiting and Irritability of Stomachgive Lime Water (223), or else give Hot Water as a drink (385), and apply Mustard Poultices (251);for Bilious DiarrhÅ“a accompanyinguse Warm Water Enemas (393).For Sore Throat or Fissures of the Tongue, apply Borax (55) or Alum (29);for Dryness of the Mouth and Faucessucking sliced limes, or, better still, pineapples, generally suffices.In the advanced stages, when great exhaustion, delirium, &c., are present, give Camphor (74) and Brandy Mixture (426) internally, and apply Turpentine Stupes (363) to the extremities; Turpentine Enemas (364) are also valuable in this condition.For subsequent Debility and during Convalescencegive one of the following tonics: Chiretta (98), AtÃs (42), Bonduc (52), Kariyát (191), NÃm Bark (260), Gulancha (352-3), or Cinchona Febrifuge (402). A combination of Chiretta and Sweet Flag Root (12) or Chiretta Wine (99) is perhaps best suited for this purpose. A liberal animal diet should be allowed.N.B.—Throughout the attack it is essential to keep the bowels properly regulated.
In most cases it is advisable to commence with a purgative of Kaladana (187), Castor Oil (83), or Myrobalans (256), or if the patient be a strong adult, a Croton Pill (120); after its operation the Solution of Nitre (264) may be given, and Decoction of Abelmoschus (2), Lemonade (232), or Tamarind Infusion (346),to allay the thirst and cool the system. A very useful and refreshing drink in all fevers, especially if there is irritability of the stomach, is a mixture of equal parts of Milk and Soda Water, with the addition of a piece of ice if procurable. Sucking small pieces of ice also allays thirst and cools the system; for this latter purpose, also, sponging the surface with Water (385) or diluted Vinegar (376)may be employed. The diet should consist chiefly of RiceConjee(322) and other farinaceous articles, and the apartment should be kept cool and well ventilated.To relieve Headache or great fulness of the head, apply constantly Evaporating Lotion (380) or Nitre Lotion (265), or, if these fail to afford relief, Hot Water Fomentations (393). Leeches to the temples or nape of the neck (209) and Mustard Poultices to the feet (248) may also be necessary in severe cases.For any severe or acute pain arising in the chest or abdomen, Leeches (209) over the seat of pain should be applied, but if these fail try a Blister (349).For Vomiting and Irritability of Stomachgive Lime Water (223), or else give Hot Water as a drink (385), and apply Mustard Poultices (251);for Bilious DiarrhÅ“a accompanyinguse Warm Water Enemas (393).For Sore Throat or Fissures of the Tongue, apply Borax (55) or Alum (29);for Dryness of the Mouth and Faucessucking sliced limes, or, better still, pineapples, generally suffices.In the advanced stages, when great exhaustion, delirium, &c., are present, give Camphor (74) and Brandy Mixture (426) internally, and apply Turpentine Stupes (363) to the extremities; Turpentine Enemas (364) are also valuable in this condition.For subsequent Debility and during Convalescencegive one of the following tonics: Chiretta (98), AtÃs (42), Bonduc (52), Kariyát (191), NÃm Bark (260), Gulancha (352-3), or Cinchona Febrifuge (402). A combination of Chiretta and Sweet Flag Root (12) or Chiretta Wine (99) is perhaps best suited for this purpose. A liberal animal diet should be allowed.N.B.—Throughout the attack it is essential to keep the bowels properly regulated.
Fever, Intermittent or Ague, and Remittent or Jungle Fever.Commence with an aperient, as in Fever (ante), and should the stomach be foul give an emetic of Country Ipecacuanha (368).In the cold stage, cover the body well up with blankets, give Infusion of Ginger (156), and place bags containing hot sand or hot salt along the spine.In the hot stage, give plentifully of Lemonade (232), Solution of Nitre (264), and adopt generally the other measures advised above in Fever.In the sweating stage, do nothing but protect the surface from cold draughts of air or cold wind. In the intermission or periods between the paroxysms give one of the following: AtÃs (42), Bonduc Nut (52), Chiretta (98), Sulphate of Iron (175), NÃm Bark (260), or Gulancha (352). When one fails another may succeed; when each fails, given singly, they will sometimes prove effectual given in combination. They are all greatly inferior in efficacy to Quinine and Cinchona Febrifuge (401, 403).For these Fevers in Natives, Galls, with Chiretta and Sweet Flag Root (12), have been favourably spoken of.Swelling of left side after Ague, seeSpleen, Enlargement of.
Commence with an aperient, as in Fever (ante), and should the stomach be foul give an emetic of Country Ipecacuanha (368).In the cold stage, cover the body well up with blankets, give Infusion of Ginger (156), and place bags containing hot sand or hot salt along the spine.In the hot stage, give plentifully of Lemonade (232), Solution of Nitre (264), and adopt generally the other measures advised above in Fever.In the sweating stage, do nothing but protect the surface from cold draughts of air or cold wind. In the intermission or periods between the paroxysms give one of the following: AtÃs (42), Bonduc Nut (52), Chiretta (98), Sulphate of Iron (175), NÃm Bark (260), or Gulancha (352). When one fails another may succeed; when each fails, given singly, they will sometimes prove effectual given in combination. They are all greatly inferior in efficacy to Quinine and Cinchona Febrifuge (401, 403).For these Fevers in Natives, Galls, with Chiretta and Sweet Flag Root (12), have been favourably spoken of.Swelling of left side after Ague, seeSpleen, Enlargement of.
In mild, ordinary, uncomplicated cases ofIntermittent Fever, all that is required, due attention being paid to the state of the bowels and secretions, is to administer Quinine in doses of from three to five grains, so that 10 or 12 grains be taken in the intermissionsbetween the paroxysms. It is best given in solution, in water or coffee. In the severer forms, or even in ordinary cases, Professor Maclean, of the Netley Hospital, has proposed a treatment which appears very judicious, and which in his hands has for years proved very successful. It consists in administering 30 grains in three equal doses during the period of intermission; the first dose, in solution, should be given towards the close of the sweating stage, and the last about as far as can be calculated, an hour before the next anticipated paroxysm. Should there be much irritability of the stomach, it should be given in enema in doses of 15 grains in place of 10 grains. After the paroxysm has by this means been arrested, a moderate degree of cinchonism,i.e., giddiness, buzzing in the ears, flashing before the eyes, &c., should be maintained for some days, by giving three or four grains in solution every four hours. In cases where the fever returns at the first lunar period, as it is apt to do, the patient a day or two previously should be brought under the influence of Quinine, which should be maintained until the time is past. Should it fail to influence the fever, attention should be directed to the state of the liver and bowels. When from any cause it cannot be given internally, trial may be made with it applied endermically; the experiments of Dr. Guastamacchia and others tending to prove that it becomes absorbed into the system through the skin, and operates as an antiperiodic almost as certainly as when given internally. He dissolved eight grains in half an ounce of spirit, andrubbed first one half, and after the interval of a quarter of an hour, the second half along the spine. When this was done at the commencement of the cold fit, it very often prevented even a single recurrence. Dr. Daunt also bears testimony to this method in the fevers of South America.
InRemittent and Jungle Fever, Quinine is a remedy of the highest value, but its exhibition requires more caution and discrimination than in simple intermittents. Dr. Maclean's treatment appears to be worthy of every attention. After premising, in most cases, a cathartic, immediately on the first signs of remission, he administers a full dose of Quinine, 10 grains, often 15, sometimes 20 grains, never exceeding that dose, and not deterred by the presence of headache or a foul tongue, nor because the remission is slight or imperfectly marked; and this dose he repeats every second hour until 30 or 35 grains have been taken before the hour of the expected exacerbation. Should the stomach be too irritable to bear it, it should be given in enema in large doses (20 grains). As soon as the second remission appears, it must be given as before until full cinchonism or distinct abatement of the disease occurs. During the remission the patient should have mild farinaceous diet, milk, chicken-broth, &c.; as soon as gastric irritability subsides, beef tea should be given, and on the first sign of exhaustion, nourishment and stimulants should be resorted to at short intervals. With regard to the administration of Quinine during exacerbations, Dr. Maclean is of opinion that in the adynamic forms of fever, as metwith in some parts of India, and in neglected or mismanaged cases, where depletion has been carried too far, and the fever assumes more of a low continued type, it may be given at any period irrespective of remission. Here it requires to be conjoined with the assiduous use of support and stimulants at short intervals.
As a preventive of Malarious Fever, the power and value of Quinine have been proved beyond a doubt. Every person engaged in forests, swamps, or low, malarious sites, should be provided with a stock of it, and four grains of it in a cup of hot coffee should be taken the first thing in the morning or in a glassful of wine later in the day. Even if it should fail, which it rarely does, no harm can result from its use, and it is essential that it should be continued for at least fourteen days after quitting a malarious locality.
Fits.SeeConvulsions, andHysterical Affections.
SeeConvulsions, andHysterical Affections.
Flatulence, and Flatulent Colic.Give Omum Water (318*), Lemon Grass Oil (216), infusion of Ginger (155), or of Jatamansi (184); with Mustard Poultices (251) and Turpentine Stupes (362) externally; in severe cases an enema of Asafœtida (36) will generally afford relief. See alsoBowels, Spasmodic Affections of.Of Children, seeColic.
Give Omum Water (318*), Lemon Grass Oil (216), infusion of Ginger (155), or of Jatamansi (184); with Mustard Poultices (251) and Turpentine Stupes (362) externally; in severe cases an enema of Asafœtida (36) will generally afford relief. See alsoBowels, Spasmodic Affections of.Of Children, seeColic.
Gall Stones.To allay the severe pain attendant on passing, give Opium (284) and a Hip Bath (392).
To allay the severe pain attendant on passing, give Opium (284) and a Hip Bath (392).
Genital Organs, Great Irritation of.Try Camphor (72) internally (in these cases Bromide of Potassium,in doses of eight to ten grains dissolved in water, twice or thrice daily, is well worthy of a trial, especially in females) and use Borax (57) and Lime Water (224) locally. Sitting over the steam of hot water, or a tepid hip-bath, often affords great relief. When the irritation arises, as it often does, from worms in the intestines, give some of the remedies forWorms. Crab-lice, which are very difficult to distinguish on a dark skin, are also a frequent cause; if present, use Kerosene Oil (413), or other remedy named in Art.Lice.
Try Camphor (72) internally (in these cases Bromide of Potassium,in doses of eight to ten grains dissolved in water, twice or thrice daily, is well worthy of a trial, especially in females) and use Borax (57) and Lime Water (224) locally. Sitting over the steam of hot water, or a tepid hip-bath, often affords great relief. When the irritation arises, as it often does, from worms in the intestines, give some of the remedies forWorms. Crab-lice, which are very difficult to distinguish on a dark skin, are also a frequent cause; if present, use Kerosene Oil (413), or other remedy named in Art.Lice.
Glands, Enlarged.Apply externally, in the early stages, Sal Ammoniac Lotion (332), Betel Leaves (48), Camphor Liniment (68), or Opium Liniment (291). If matter forms, treat as abscess, and give Fish Liver Oil internally.
Apply externally, in the early stages, Sal Ammoniac Lotion (332), Betel Leaves (48), Camphor Liniment (68), or Opium Liniment (291). If matter forms, treat as abscess, and give Fish Liver Oil internally.
Gleet.May be treated with Cubebs (125), Galls (149), Gurjun Balsam (160), or Sandal Wood Oil (334) internally, and Alum Injections (30); these last named, however,require great caution, and should not generally be used except under medical supervision.
May be treated with Cubebs (125), Galls (149), Gurjun Balsam (160), or Sandal Wood Oil (334) internally, and Alum Injections (30); these last named, however,require great caution, and should not generally be used except under medical supervision.
Goitre.Give Sal Ammoniac (324), in ten-grain doses, thrice daily, persevering in its use for weeks or months if necessary. Dr. Stevens (London Med. Record, June 15, 1880) obtained signal benefits from it in six cases. Biniodide of Mercury, in the form of Ointment (16 grains of the Biniodide to one ounce of Simple Ointment), is the best local application we possess. Its effects are best produced by exposing the surface on which it has been rubbedto the direct rays of the sun. If this cannot be done, then to the heat of a fire; this, however, is not nearly so efficacious as the solar heat. (Dr. Aitchison.)
Give Sal Ammoniac (324), in ten-grain doses, thrice daily, persevering in its use for weeks or months if necessary. Dr. Stevens (London Med. Record, June 15, 1880) obtained signal benefits from it in six cases. Biniodide of Mercury, in the form of Ointment (16 grains of the Biniodide to one ounce of Simple Ointment), is the best local application we possess. Its effects are best produced by exposing the surface on which it has been rubbedto the direct rays of the sun. If this cannot be done, then to the heat of a fire; this, however, is not nearly so efficacious as the solar heat. (Dr. Aitchison.)
Gonorrhœa.After a purgative of Kaladana (187), Myrobalans (256), or Castor Oil (83), give Nitre (269) with Decoction of Abelmoschus (2), Ispaghúl (305), or RiceConjee(322), for the purpose of allaying the pain and heat in passing urine. Pedalium (297) is said to be very effectual for this purpose, and should be tried if procurable. Injections of a solution of Sugar (407) are recommended by Dr. Aitchison. When the inflammatory symptoms begin to abate, one of the following should be given: Cubebs (125*), Gurjun Balsam (160), Sandal Wood Oil (334), or Galls (149), Alum (30*), locally, is of great use in certain cases.To relieve Chordee(painful erection at night), Camphor (72) is one of our best remedies. Bromide of Potassium, in doses of 20 to 30 grains, in a wineglassful of water at bedtime, is highly spoken of, as preventing the occurrence of this symptom.
After a purgative of Kaladana (187), Myrobalans (256), or Castor Oil (83), give Nitre (269) with Decoction of Abelmoschus (2), Ispaghúl (305), or RiceConjee(322), for the purpose of allaying the pain and heat in passing urine. Pedalium (297) is said to be very effectual for this purpose, and should be tried if procurable. Injections of a solution of Sugar (407) are recommended by Dr. Aitchison. When the inflammatory symptoms begin to abate, one of the following should be given: Cubebs (125*), Gurjun Balsam (160), Sandal Wood Oil (334), or Galls (149), Alum (30*), locally, is of great use in certain cases.To relieve Chordee(painful erection at night), Camphor (72) is one of our best remedies. Bromide of Potassium, in doses of 20 to 30 grains, in a wineglassful of water at bedtime, is highly spoken of, as preventing the occurrence of this symptom.
Guinea Worm.On the head of the worm appearing, it should be gently drawn down so as to secure it by rolling it round a small piece of twisted rag, or a thin piece of quill (let a native practitioner perform this operation); and Water Dressing (394) applied, or should there be much pain, a Datura Poultice (132). Every day gentle traction should be made, and if this can be done whilst the limb or part is immersed in arunning stream or in achattieof cold water, the extraction is rendered additionally easy.Great gentleness and skillare requisite to prevent the worm breaking, as this accident is followed by inflammation and the formation of abscesses, which are difficult of healing. SeeAbscess.
On the head of the worm appearing, it should be gently drawn down so as to secure it by rolling it round a small piece of twisted rag, or a thin piece of quill (let a native practitioner perform this operation); and Water Dressing (394) applied, or should there be much pain, a Datura Poultice (132). Every day gentle traction should be made, and if this can be done whilst the limb or part is immersed in arunning stream or in achattieof cold water, the extraction is rendered additionally easy.Great gentleness and skillare requisite to prevent the worm breaking, as this accident is followed by inflammation and the formation of abscesses, which are difficult of healing. SeeAbscess.
Gums, Ulceration and Sponginess of.May be treated with one of the following:—Decoction of Babúl Bark (9), Alum (29*), Catechu (89*), or Lime Juice (231).
May be treated with one of the following:—Decoction of Babúl Bark (9), Alum (29*), Catechu (89*), or Lime Juice (231).
Hæmorrhage from Cuts, Wounds, &c.When the blood is of a bright red colour, and comes out in jets, indicating that an artery is wounded, apply first a stream ofcoldwater, iced if possible, from a large sponge, which will not only wash away all clots, dirt, &c., but promote contraction of the vessel, andperhapsarrest the bleeding at once. If not, try the fresh juice of the Physic Nut Plant (302*), or Alum (25). If these fail, or are not at hand, at once apply pressure with the finger or fingers upon the exact point from which the blood is found to issue, and there retain for some time, pressing against the bone or hard substance. If the mouth of the bleeding vessel be clearly visible, and the hæmorrhage still continues, it may be pinched up firmly between the finger and thumb, or it may be seized with a pair of pincers or forceps, drawn forward, and a ligature, silk if procurable, passed round it and firmly tied. Not more of the surrounding flesh should be included in the ligature than can be possibly avoided. If none ofthese plans succeed or are applicable, or if the wound be large and bleeds much, apply pressure to the limb by means of theSTICK TOURNIQUETfigured below.[2]
When the blood is of a bright red colour, and comes out in jets, indicating that an artery is wounded, apply first a stream ofcoldwater, iced if possible, from a large sponge, which will not only wash away all clots, dirt, &c., but promote contraction of the vessel, andperhapsarrest the bleeding at once. If not, try the fresh juice of the Physic Nut Plant (302*), or Alum (25). If these fail, or are not at hand, at once apply pressure with the finger or fingers upon the exact point from which the blood is found to issue, and there retain for some time, pressing against the bone or hard substance. If the mouth of the bleeding vessel be clearly visible, and the hæmorrhage still continues, it may be pinched up firmly between the finger and thumb, or it may be seized with a pair of pincers or forceps, drawn forward, and a ligature, silk if procurable, passed round it and firmly tied. Not more of the surrounding flesh should be included in the ligature than can be possibly avoided. If none ofthese plans succeed or are applicable, or if the wound be large and bleeds much, apply pressure to the limb by means of theSTICK TOURNIQUETfigured below.[2]
tourniquet
In order to apply this properly, "tie tightly, at some little distance above the wound, a pocket-handkerchief or cravat once or twice passed round the limb; then, obtaining a piece of tough stick, push it under the handkerchief, and, by turning the stick, twist the handkerchief more and more tightly until the bleeding ceases. As soon as this result has been attained, fasten the stick by another handkerchief round the stick and limb together. This rude tourniquetmay save life not unfrequently, by enabling the injured person to be transported even for some distance without fear of further bleeding." Position is a very important consideration in wounds, the bleeding sometimes being at once arrested by raising the injured limb above the level of the body.
[2]The above woodcut, and the mode of applying it, is reprinted by permission fromFirst Help in Accidents, by Dr. C. H. Schaibe, published by R. Hardwicke, 192 Piccadilly, London. A very useful little book.
[2]The above woodcut, and the mode of applying it, is reprinted by permission fromFirst Help in Accidents, by Dr. C. H. Schaibe, published by R. Hardwicke, 192 Piccadilly, London. A very useful little book.
Hæmorrhage from the Lungs, Stomach, Bowels, Kidneys, Uterus, or other Internal Organs.If attended by feverishness and heat of skin, a solution of Nitre (267) or Sal Ammoniac (330) may be given, with the plentiful use of Lemonade (233), Tamarind drink (346), Vinegar (379), and other refrigerants. In the absence of fever, Alum (25) may be given with safety and advantage. A far more effectual remedy in these cases is the Acetate of Lead in doses of three or four grains, made into a pill with half a grain of Opium, and followed immediately by a draught containing a little vinegar. These pills and draughts may be repeated every three or four hours till the bleeding begins to abate, when the interval between the doses may be lengthened, and the quantities decreased. In all these cases a perfect rest in a recumbent posture, in a cool, well-ventilated apartment, and the avoidance of all excitement and stimulants, are essential to the success of the above, or any other remedies. In these cases Ice externally applied in bags exercises a marked influence in checking internal hæmorrhage, especially from the lungs. It should not be kept on sufficiently long to produce a chill. Sucking small pieces of ice is also a useful practice.Exhaustion from excessive Hæmorrhagerequires Brandy Mixture (426) and other stimulants.Hæmorrhage after Labour, seeLabours.From Piles, seePiles.
If attended by feverishness and heat of skin, a solution of Nitre (267) or Sal Ammoniac (330) may be given, with the plentiful use of Lemonade (233), Tamarind drink (346), Vinegar (379), and other refrigerants. In the absence of fever, Alum (25) may be given with safety and advantage. A far more effectual remedy in these cases is the Acetate of Lead in doses of three or four grains, made into a pill with half a grain of Opium, and followed immediately by a draught containing a little vinegar. These pills and draughts may be repeated every three or four hours till the bleeding begins to abate, when the interval between the doses may be lengthened, and the quantities decreased. In all these cases a perfect rest in a recumbent posture, in a cool, well-ventilated apartment, and the avoidance of all excitement and stimulants, are essential to the success of the above, or any other remedies. In these cases Ice externally applied in bags exercises a marked influence in checking internal hæmorrhage, especially from the lungs. It should not be kept on sufficiently long to produce a chill. Sucking small pieces of ice is also a useful practice.Exhaustion from excessive Hæmorrhagerequires Brandy Mixture (426) and other stimulants.Hæmorrhage after Labour, seeLabours.From Piles, seePiles.
Hæmorrhage from the Nose.May generally be checked by one of the following simple means: 1. the application of a cold body, as a key or a piece of ice to the nape of the neck. 2. By compressing theoppositenostril. 3. By standing in the upright position and holding both arms in the air for a few minutes. If these measures fail, recourse may be had to Alum (25*), Sulphate of Copper (116), or Vinegar (379). Should feverishness be present, treat as directed in preceding article.
May generally be checked by one of the following simple means: 1. the application of a cold body, as a key or a piece of ice to the nape of the neck. 2. By compressing theoppositenostril. 3. By standing in the upright position and holding both arms in the air for a few minutes. If these measures fail, recourse may be had to Alum (25*), Sulphate of Copper (116), or Vinegar (379). Should feverishness be present, treat as directed in preceding article.
Hæmorrhage from Leech Bites.SeeParagraph 205.
SeeParagraph 205.
Head, Affections of, where there is determination of blood to the head, with sleeplessness, restlessness, and anxiety.Mustard Bath (249*).
Mustard Bath (249*).
Headaches.Generally must be treated with reference to their cause.If from Constipation, Castor Oil (83), Kaladana (187), Myrobalans (256), or other purgatives.Of Fever, hot water stupes to the nape of the neck (393).From Bilious derangement, the same purgatives preceded by a dose of Calomel (three grains) if at hand, and followed by Sal Ammoniac (328*).Nervous, Hysterical, and Rheumatic Headachesoften yield to Sal Ammoniac (328), persevered in for a few days, and the local use of Camphor Lotion (71*).From suppression of the MenstrualDischarge, Leeches to the inner surface of the thighs (210).From stoppage of bleeding from Piles, Leeches to the verge of the anus (210); in both these last cases Aloes (19) should be given internally. The other measures occasionally useful are Ginger Plaster (157), Hot Water Fomentations (393), and Mustard Poultices or Mustard Foot-baths (248) to the extremities.
Generally must be treated with reference to their cause.If from Constipation, Castor Oil (83), Kaladana (187), Myrobalans (256), or other purgatives.Of Fever, hot water stupes to the nape of the neck (393).From Bilious derangement, the same purgatives preceded by a dose of Calomel (three grains) if at hand, and followed by Sal Ammoniac (328*).Nervous, Hysterical, and Rheumatic Headachesoften yield to Sal Ammoniac (328), persevered in for a few days, and the local use of Camphor Lotion (71*).From suppression of the MenstrualDischarge, Leeches to the inner surface of the thighs (210).From stoppage of bleeding from Piles, Leeches to the verge of the anus (210); in both these last cases Aloes (19) should be given internally. The other measures occasionally useful are Ginger Plaster (157), Hot Water Fomentations (393), and Mustard Poultices or Mustard Foot-baths (248) to the extremities.