ABBAS SICULUS, received 800 scudi yearly as Jurist at Bologna, ii. 122Abbreviators, college of, founded by Pius II., ii. 358Abelard, teaching of, i.9, v.467Academies, the Italian, ii. 161, 311;lose their classical character, 365;their degeneracy, 367, 542, v.272;Milton's commendation of them, ii. 367;their effect on Italian poetry, v.272Academy, the Aldine, at Venice, ii. 385, v.272Accaiuolo, Ruberto, i.197note1,203note2Accaiuolo, Zenobio, made librarian of the Vatican, ii. 425Accarigi, his Dictionary to Boccaccio, v.254note1Accolti, Francesco di Michele, histerza rimaversion of thePrincipe di Salerno, iv.250note2Accoramboni, Vittoria, Bandello'sNovellaupon her trial, v.54;use made of it by Webster,69,117,288;her poetry, v.288Achates, Leonard, his edition of Lascari's grammar, ii. 376Achillini, Professor of Philosophy at Padua, v.458,459Adami, Tobia, the disciple of Campanella, v.481Admonition, the Law of, at Florence, i.226Adolph of Nassau, pillages Maintz, ii. 368Adorni, the, at Genoa, i.201Adrian VI., the tutor of Charles V., iv.398;elected by political intrigues, i.441;his simplicity of life and efforts at reform,441-443(cp. ii. 434, 442);Berni's Satire on him, i.443, v.368Agnolo, Baccio d', architect of the Campanile of S. Spirito at Florence, iii. 86Agolanti of Padua, i.114Agostino, Pre, hisLamenti, iv.172note2Agrippa, hisDe Vanitate Scientiarumquoted for the corruptions of Rome, i.459note1Alamanni, Antonio, writer of the 'Triumph of Death,' iv.320,393-395;translated,395Alamanni, Jacopino, story of, i.211Alamanni, Luigi, his translation of theAntigone, v.134,240;his didactic poem,La Coltivazione,237;translation (in prose) of a passage on the woes of Italy,238;story of his life,239;number and variety of his works,240;his dramatic poem, theFlora,240;translation (in prose) of a passage on Rome,240note1;said to have been a greatimprovisatore,240;his satires,381;composed in the metre of the Divine Comedy, iv.172Alamanni, Luigi di Tommaso, executed for his share in the conspiracy against Cardinal Giulio de' Medici, v.239Albano, Francesco, v.229Albergati, Niccolò degli, his patronage of Tommaso Parentucelli (Nicholas V.), ii. 223Alberti, the, at Florence, exiled by the Albizzi, iv.184,188;their family history,190note1Alberti, Leo Battista, his originality, ii. 5;his many-sided genius, 10, 341-344, iv.183,214-219;one of the circle gathered around Lorenzo de' Medici, ii. 322, iii. 263;his cosmopolitan spirit, iv.184;recommends the study of Italian, iv.185, v.508;his feelings for the greatness of ancient Rome, iv.186;character of his religious sentiment,206,216,217;tenderness of his character,218, v.196,511;arranges a poetical competition in Italian at Florence, iv.238;architect of S. Francesco at Rimini, i.172,326, ii. 34, 210, 342, iii. 70note1, 74;of S. Andrea at Mantua, ii. 342, iii. 70note1, 75, 278;of the Rucellai Palace at Florence, ii. 342, iii. 75;other architectural works of Alberti, ii. 342, 440, iii. 74-76;his admiration of Brunelleschi's dome at Florence, iii. 67note1, iv.209(cp.ib.204),216;influence of Boccaccio on his writings, iv.136;character of his style,187;his narrative of Porcari's attempt on Nicholas V., i.265note1,386;his description of Nicholas' administration, i.377;his Latin playPhilodoxius, ii. 341, 452, iv.183, v.110;hisTrattato della Famiglia, ii. 37, iv.188, v.190,518;its value, iv.188,190, v.455;analyzed, iv.191;question whether Alberti was the original author of the treatiseDel Governo della Famiglia, i.239note1,272, iv.192-203;the Dialogues, v.451,455;theDeiciarchia, iv.203;theTranquillità dell'Animo,204;theTeogenio,205;the Essays on the Arts,207-209;the Dedication to Brunelleschi,208;the 'Treatise on Building' cited for the influence of Vitruvius on Italian architects, iii. 94note1;the 'Treatise on Painting,' 127note1;the various discourses upon Love and Matrimony, iv.209-211;Alberti the reputed author of 'Ippolito and Leonora,'212,250;his Poems,213Alberti, Leo Battista, the anonymous Memoir of Alberti, ii. 37, 184note1, 195note1, 216note1, 218Albertini, Francesco, aids Mazochi in collecting the Roman Inscriptions, ii. 429Albertinelli, Mariotto, his friendship with Fra Bartolommeo, iii. 304, 310Alberto da Sarteano, Fra, denounces Beccadelli's 'Hermaphroditus,' ii. 256note1Albertus Magnus, v.467Albicante, Giovanni Alberto, probability that he was Aretino's agent in mutilating Berni'srifacimentoof theOrlando Innamorato, v.375-380,419;his relations to Aretino,419Albigenses, the, i.9Albizzi, the, rule of, at Florence, i.221, iv.2;their contest with the Medici, i.227note3, ii. 167, 170, iv.176,184,252;their exile of the Alberti, iv.184,189Albizzi, Rinaldo degli, his patronage of learning, ii. 165, 223Alciato, ii. 84Aldus Manutius. [SeeManuzio, Aldo.]Aleander, his lectures in Hebrew at Paris, i.27, ii. 424;a member of the Aldine Academy, ii. 387;made Cardinal, 402, 424;sent to Germany as Nuncio, 424Aleotti, Galeotti, architect of the Teatro Farnese at Parma, v.144Alessi, Galeazzo, his work at Genoa, iii. 96;his church of S. Maria di Carignano there, 96Alexander of Aphrodisias, his view of Aristotle's doctrine of the soul, v.472;adopted by Pomponazzi,459,472Alexander, a Cretan, joint editor of a Greek Psalter, ii. 376Alexander III., i.64Alexander IV., preaches a crusade against Ezzelino, i.107note1, iv.280Alexander VI., Guiccardini's character of him, i.308;invites the French into Italy,349,427,515;Machiavelli makes him his example of successful hypocrisy,357;his additions to the Vatican,389note1;personal descriptions of him at his accession,407;the popular legend of him,408;his policy,410,427;his avarice,413;his relations with the Sultan and murder of Prince Djem,415,566note1;his attitude towards orthodoxy,416;his establishment of the censorship,416, ii. 359, 371;his sensuality, 417-419;his exaggerated love of his children, 417;his grief at the murder of the Duke of Gandia, 425;his death—was it by poison? 429-431;the legend that he had sold his soul to the devil, 431;his attempt to gain over or silence Savonarola, 529;comes to terms with Charles and saves himself from a General Council, 427, 532note1, 565;joins the League of Venice against Charles VIII., 577;theMenæchmirepresented by his orders at the Vatican at the espousal of Lucrezia Borgia, v.139Alexius, Marcus Attilius, his character of Paul II., i.385note1Alfonso (the Magnanimous), conquers Naples, i.88,568;Vespasiano's Life of him,480note1,569note1, ii. 352;wins over the Duke of Milan, 568note1;his nobility of character and love of learning, 569, ii. 38, 252, 265;his family life, 569;story of his patient listening to a speech of Manetti, ii. 191note1, 254;his patronage of Manetti, 192Alfonso II., King of Naples, i.543,550;his avarice,105;his league against Charles VIII.,550;character of him by Comines,572;his terrors of conscience and abdication,119,572Alfonso, Prince of Biseglia, husband of Lucrezia Borgia, murder of, i.420Alidosi, the, of Imola, i.375Alidosi, Cardinal, his patronage of scholars, ii. 404Alighieri, Jacopo, his commentary upon the Divine Comedy, iv.163;hisDottrinale,240Alione, Giovan Giorgio, his Maccaronic Satire on the Lombards, v.333Allegre, Monseigneur d', captures the mistresses of Alexander III., i.418Allegretti, Allegretto, cited, i.165note1;on the reconciliation of factions at Siena,616, iii. 213Alopa, Lorenzo, printer of the first edition of Homer, ii. 369, 376Alticlinio of Padua, i.114Amadeo, Antonio, iii. 78note1;dispute about his name, 164;his work at the Certosa of Pavia, 164;his monument to Media Colleoni, 165Amalteo, ii. 506;his Latin Eclogues, 453, 497Ambra, his Comedies, v.123,181Ambrogio da Milano, his reliefs in the ducal palace, Urbino, iii. 162note1America, discovery of, i.3,15,29, ii. 112;given by Alexander VI. to Spain, i.413Amerigo di Peguilhan, hisLamenton the death of Manfred, iv.27Amidei, the, at Florence, i.74,210,note2Ammanati, Bartolommeo, his work as sculptor and architect in Florence, iii. 96;feebleness of his statues, 173;his regret that he had made so many statues of heathen gods, 174;his quarrels with Cellini, 477Ammirato, Scipione, quoted for the friendly rivalry of Giangiorgio Trissino and Giovanni Rucellai, v.236Amurath II., Filelfo's mission to him, ii. 268Andrea dell'Anguillara, Giovanni, his tragedy ofEdippo, v.134;acted in the Palazzo della Ragione,134;his satiric poems,381Andrea dell'Aquila, probable sculptor of a monument in S. Bernardino, Aquila, iii. 141note1Andrea da Barbarino, probably the author of theReali di Francia, iv.246;other romances of his,246Andrea of Florence, said to be the painter of frescoes in S. Maria Novella, iii. 205note1Andrea de Pontadero (calledPisano), his work in bronze and marble, iii. 119Andrea di Sicilia, elected Professor at Parma, iv.315Angelico, Fra, spirituality of his paintings, iii. 239;his intense religious feeling, 303, 311;critical difficulty of deciding his place in the succession of Florentine painters, 240;his frescoes at Orvieto, 283note1Angioleri, Cecco, his Sonnets, iv.56note1Anguillara, i.114,404,545Annales Bononienses, quoted for the Revival of 1457, i.617Annius of Viterbo, his forged Histories, ii. 156note2Antiquari, Jacopo, his Latin correspondence, ii. 288note1, 532;quotation from a letter of his upon Poliziano's Miscellanies, 352;his verses on Aldo Manuzio, 390note2;his nobility of character, 523Antonino, Sant', the good archbishop of Florence, i.470note1, iv.313, v.519Antonio da Tempo, hisTreatise on Italian Poetrycited for the early estimation of Tuscan, iv.31note1Antonio di San Marco (the Roman goldsmith), his answer to Agostino Chigi's couplet on Leo X., i.435Anzianior Ancients, name of magistrates in some Italian cities, i.35,68,224Apollo Belvedere, discovery of the, ii. 431;description of it by a Venetian envoy, 434Apostolios Aristoboulos, a compositor employed by Aldo Manuzio, ii. 378;a member of the Aldine Academy, 387;Appiano, Gherardo, sells Pisa to Gian Galeazzo, i.114,148Appiano, Jacopo, murders Pietro Gambacorta, i.148,148note1Aquila, S. Bernardo, monument of the Countess Montorio, iii. 141note1Arabs, the, their preservation of Greek literature, ii. 66, 68, 251, iii. 209, v.468Arcadia, creation of the Arcadian ideal at the Renaissance, v.197;length of time during which it prevailed,197,223;received form at the hands of Sannazzaro,197;lent itself to the dramatical presentation of real passion, in spite of its artificial form,241. (SeeGuarini,Sannazzaro, andTasso.)Archio, Latin verse writer, ii. 507Architecture, Italian architecture rather local than national, ii. 5;architecture does not require so much individuality in the artist as painting, 7;effect on Italian architecture of the ancient Roman buildings, 439, iii. 48note1;reasons why the middle ages excelled in architecture, iii. 10;architecture precedes the other arts, 40;the various building materials used in Italian architecture, 44Arcimboldi, Gian Angelo, discovered the MS. of Tacitus'Annalsat Corvey, ii. 140, 425Ardenti, the, an Academy at Naples, ii. 366Aretino, Carlo. (SeeMarsuppini.)Aretino, Pietro, parallel between Aretino, Machiavelli, and Cellini, iii. 479 (cp. v.384);said to have died from excessive laughter, iv.452;the story probably without foundation, v.423;his quarrel with Doni,90,419,422;his writings placed on the Index after his death,422,423;the Comedies,40,123;their originality and freedom from imitation of the antique,172,173(cp.269note1),517;defective in structure,173;point of view from which Aretino regards contemporary manners in them,174;celerity of their composition,414;theCortigiana, its plot and characters,176;intended to expose the Courts,176,177,178(cp.386note1);sarcasms of the Prologue on the Italian authors,180,note1;its testimony to the profligacy of Rome, and to the belief that the sack of the city was a Divine chastisement, i.446note1, v.176,190,226;to the general corruption of morals in Italy, v.191;theMarescalco, its plot,178;may have supplied hints to Shakspere and Ben Jonson,178;theTalanta,Ipocrita, andFilosofo,179;comparison of the comedies of Aretino, Bibbiena, and Machiavelli,180;passage in the Prologue to theIpocrita, referring to Berni'srifacimentoof the Orlando Innamorato,376note2;Prologue of theTalantatranslated (in prose),417-419;his Madrigals and Sonnets,311;their badness,415;hisCapitoli,364,381,419;inferior to Berni's,415;theDialoghi,386,394,note1,415;their description of life in Roman palaces,386note1;belief of contemporary society in the good intentions of Aretino in writing the work,427;probability that Aretino was the author of the mutilation of Berni'srifacimentoof the Orlando Innamorato,375-380,406;he sides with Bembo in his dispute with Broccardo,377;his place in Italian literature,383-385;his boyhood,385;enters Agostino Chigi's service,386;nature of his position,386;stories of his early life,387;begins to find his way into Courts,388;comes to Rome at the election of Clement VII.,389;writes a series of sonnets on obscene designs by Giulio Romano, and is obliged to quit Rome,389;makes the friendship of Giovanni de' Medici delle Bande Nere,390,391,424;narrowly escapes assassination at Rome,391;his animosity against Clement VII.,391,392,402note1;retires to Venice in order to support himself by literary labour,392-395;dread inspired by his talents, ii. 34, 512, iii. 171, v.392;trades upon the new power given by the press, v.393;secures his reputation by writing religious romances,394,519;their worthlessness,416,427;may have been aided in them by Niccolò Franco,420;his life at Venice,396-399;amount of money extorted by him,399;presents made him by various princes,400,405;question as to the real nature of the influence exercised by him,392,401,404,406;partly owing to his force of character,425-427;his attractiveness as a writer due to his naturalness and independence,416;his employment of lying, abuse, and flattery,401-404;his reputation for orthodoxy,380,405;idea of making him Cardinal, ii. 22, 282note1, 403, v.405;his cowardice,391,405,406;his relations to Michelangelo, iii. 426, v.408;the friend of Sansovino and Titian, iii. 167, 168, v.398,405note4,409,425;his relations to men of letters, v.409;his boasts of ignorance and attacks on the purists,410-414;his celerity of composition,414;his faults of taste,417;effect of his writings on the euphuistic literature of the seventeenth century, and on the literature of abuse in Europe,417,422;his literary associates,419-423;the epitaph composed upon him,423;his portrait (1) engraved by Guiseppe Patrini, (2) by Sansovino, on the door of the sacristy in St. Mark's, iii. 168, v.424;his contradictions of character, v.425,517;Aretino embodies the vices of his age,425,523;his Correspondence,384,note1,393note1;its illustrations of the profligacy of Rome,386note1,387note1;a letter to Titian quoted for a description of a Venetian sunset, iii. 351, v.417;Aretino relates in a letter his life at Mantua, v.388;letters of his cited for the death of Giovanni de' Medici delle Bande Nere,391note2;the Letter to the Doge of Venice,395;letters describing his life at Venice,396-399;probability that Aretino tampered with his correspondence before publication,398note1,399note1;letter describing his method of flattery,403note1;another quoted as a specimen of his begging style,404note1;another written to Vittoria Colonna, who entreated him to devote himself to pious literature,407;another to Bernardo Tasso on epistolary style,411Arezzo, the high school at, ii. 116;receives a diploma from Charles IV., 118—— Cathedral shrine of S. Donato (by Giovanni Pisano), iii. 110—— S. Francesco, Piero della Francesca,Dream of Constantine, iii. 235Argyropoulos, John, the guest of Palla degli Strozzi at Padua, ii. 168;teaches Greek at Florence and Rome, 210Ariosto, Gabriele, brother of the poet, finishesLa Scolastica, iv.502, v.150Ariosto, Giovanni Battista, illegitimate son of the poet, iv.502Ariosto, Lodovico, his panegyrics of Lucrezia Borgia, i.420,422, v.12note1;of the d'Este family, v.5,7,9,11,12note1,30;Ariosto inferior as a poet to Dante, ii. 9;analogy of his character to that of Boccaccio, iv.506;quoted for the wordumanista, ii. 71note1;had no knowledge of Greek, iv.493,517;facts of his life,493-503(cp.517);enters the service of Cardinal Ippolito d'Este,494, (cp.517);refuses to enter the Church,495;his rupture with the Cardinal,496;enters the service of Alfonso I. of Ferrara,498;his superintendence of the Ducal Theatre,498, v.140,141,144;his marriage, iv.502, v.38;receives a pension from the Marquis of Vasto, iv.503;his personal habits,504;his device of the pen,521;his genius representative of his age, v.49,518;the Satires cited for the nepotism of the Popes, i.413,note2, iv.509,518;on the relations of the Papacy to the nation, ii. 22;on the bad character of the Humanists, 519, iv.517;written in the metre of the Divine Comedy, iv.172,519;revelation of his own character contained in the Satires,504,505-508,517-519, v.1,5;their interest in illustrating the Renaissance, iv.518;subjects of the Satires,508;the first Satire: ecclesiastical vices,509(cp. ii. 406);the second: dependents upon Courts, character of Ippolito d'Este, 509;the third: the choice of a wife, 510, v.38;fourth and sixth: Court life and place-hunting, iv.511-513;the fifth: the poet at Garfagnana,514;sketches of contemporaries,515;the seventh: a tutor wanted for his son, vices of the Humanists,516(for the latter cp. v.155note2);theCanzoni, iv.520;