the sonnet on the death of Mancina Faustina, iv.226. (For the Poemssee alsoAppendix ii. of vol. iii., andAppendix vi. of vol. iv., and cp. v.296.)Buonarroti, Michelangelo (the younger), hisTanciaandFiera, v.226Buondelmonte dei Buondelmonti, i.74,210note2Buondelmonti, Vaggia de', the wife of Poggio, ii. 245Buonuomini, name of magistrates in some Italian cities, i.135;at Florence,226Burchard, value of his testimony, i.388note1;his evidence that Alexander VI. died of fever,428,429;on the confessions said to have been made by Savonarola during his torture,534note1Burchiello, Il, facts of his life, iv.259;character of his poems,260;Doni's edition of them, v.92Bureaucracy, invention of a system of bureaucracy by Gian Galeazzo, i.142Burigozzo, his Chronicles of Milan, quoted, i.253Burlamacchi, his account of Lorenzo de' Medici's dying interview with Savonarola, i.523note1Byzantium, the Byzantine supremacy in Italy, i.33,43,48,50CABBALA, THE, ii. 334Cacciaguida, his speech in theParadisoquoted, i.73note1Cademosto, hisNovelle, v.60Caffagiolo, the villa of Lorenzo de' Medici, ii. 322Cajano, Lorenzo de' Medici's villa, ii. 322, 463Calcagnini, Celio, teaches in the High School of Ferrara, ii. 427, 506;his epigram on Raphael's death, 438;his Latin poems, 497Calendario, Filippo, influenced by Niccola Pisano, iii. 123;his work at Venice, 123Caliari, the, Venetian painters, iii. 371Calixtus II., his sanction of the Chronicle of Turpin, iv.432,438Calixtus III., i.380;his contempt for classical learning, ii. 357Calliergi, Zacharias, a Greek printer at Venice, ii. 386;works for Agostino Chigi at Rome, 405note1Callistus, Andronicus, the teacher of Poliziano, ii. 248, 346;one of the first Greeks who visited France, 248Calvi, Marco Fabio, translates Vitruvius for Raphael, ii. 436, iii. 94note1;his death, ii. 444;his nobility of character, 523;aids Raphael with notes on Greek Philosophy for theSchool of Athens, iii. 335Calvo, Francesco, the Milanese publisher of the fraudulent version of Berni'srifacimentoof theOrlando Innamorato, v.374;Aretino's correspondence with him on the subject,375,378,380Camaldolese, Il. (SeeTraversari.)Cambray, League of, i.214,220,289,434, ii. 16, 379, 441Camers, Julianus, his suicide during the Sack of Rome, ii. 444Cammelli of Pistoja, v.282note3Camonica, Val, the witches of, i.402note1, v.316,346notes1and2,347;Teutonic character assumed by witchcraft in this district,347Campaldino, battle of, iv.51;Dante present,71Campanella, Tommaso, ii. 394, v.448,449;his imprisonment, v.478;his relations to Telesio,483;his importance in the history of thought,483,500,518;three sonnets of his translated,481,482,483Campano, Gian Antonio, his description of Demetrius Chalcondylas' teaching, ii. 249Campi, the, painters at Cremona, iii. 503.Campione, Bonino and Matteo da, sculptors of the shrine of S. Augustine in the Duomo, Pavia, iii. 123Campo, Antonio, hisHistoria di Cremonacited for a story of Gabrino Tondulo, i.463note1Can Grande. (SeeScala, Can Grande, della.)Canale, Carlo, husband of Vanozza Catanei, i.417;Poliziano'sOrfeodedicated to him, iv.411Cane, Facino, leader of Condottieri, i.150,151Canetoli, story of the, i.124Canisio, Egidio, General of the Augustines, ii. 409;made Cardinal and Legate at the Court of Spain, 416;his knowledge of languages, 417Canossa, Castle of, iv.494;the House of, i.57;claim of the Buonarroti family to descent from them, iii. 385Cantatori in Banca, professional minstrels in medieval Italy, iv.257Canti Carnascialeschi, the, i.476,505;collection of them by Il Lasca, iv.388, v.79;utilized by Lorenzo de' Medici, iv.388, v.355;the 'Triumph of Death' described by Vasari, iv.393-395, v.114;theTrionfo del Vaglio, iv.392note1;translated,392note1;connection of theCapitoliwith the Carnival Songs, v.355,366Cantori di Piazza, professional minstrels in medieval Italy, iv.257Canzune, a name of theRispettiin Sicily, iv.264,265Capanna, Puccio, the scholar of Giotto, iii. 197Capello, Paolo (Venetian ambassador), cited for the murders in Rome under Alexander VI., i.414;for the murder of Perotto by Cesare Borgia,426note1Capilupi, Lelio, a member of the Academy of theVignajuoliat Rome, v.357;a writer of Latin verse, ii. 506Capitoli, the, of Tuscan origin, v.355;their relation to theCanti Carnascialeschi,355;their antiquity, plebeian character, and obscenity,477note1, ii. 521, v.355,365,366;Berni's new use of them, v.356Caporali, Cesare, his Satiric Poems, v.381Capponi, Agostino, conspiracy of, i.314;Gino, the chronicler of the Ciompo Rebellion,265note1, iv.176;Nicolò, Gonfaloniere at Florence, i.222note1,232,284,289,292,536;Piero, his resistance to the demands of Charles VIII.,563Captain of the People, name of the supreme magistrate in some Italian cities, i.35,71;often became tyrant,75,77,84,112,156;at Florence,224Caracci, the, iii. 496Caracciolo, hisDe Varietate Fortunæcited, i.520notes2and3Caravaggio, defeat of the Venetians at, i.155Cardan, Jerome, v.82;autobiography of, ii. 36Cardona, captain of the Florentine forces, i.157note1Carducci, Francesco, Gonfaloniere of Florence, his part in the Siege of Florence, i.284,288,289,536Careggi, the villa of Lorenzo de' Medici, ii. 322, 460, iv.383,415Cariani, said to have painted pictures commonly assigned to Giorgione, iii. 368note1Cariteo, of Naples, v.282note3Carmagnuola, Francesco Bussoni, called Il, story of, i.161,362, v.118Carmina Burana, the, i.9;many of them of French origin, iv.9;their nature,108;some of them pastorals,156;undeveloped Maccaronic poems contained among them,327Carnesecchi, Pietro, his friendship with Vittoria Colonna, v.292;burned for heresy,292,478Caro, Annibale, story of his life, v.283;his Letters,283;his translation ofDaphnis and Chloe,283;his Academical exercises: theDiceria de' Nasi, ii. 367, 526, v.284;theFicheide, v.284,365note1;his translation of theÆneid,284;his literary style,284;his Italian Poems,284;the quarrel with Castelvetro,285;the sonnets produced by the occasion,381;he or one of his friends said to have denounced Castelvetro to the Inquisition,286;his correspondence with Aretino,410note1Carpaccio, Vittore, iii. 362;his pictures for the Scuola of S. Ursula at Venice, 363, v.54Carpi, connection of Aldo Manuzio with, ii. 302, 375Carrara Family, the, at Padua, how they became tyrants, i.112;number of violent deaths among them in one century,120;driven from Padua by Gian Galeazzo Visconti,145,146;return,149Carrara, Francesco da, i.146,149Carroccio, the, i.58Casal Maggiore, destruction of the Venetian fleet at, i.155Casanova, dies of the plague during the Sack of Rome, ii. 444Castagno, Andrea del, harsh realism of his work, iii. 232Castellani, Castellano, writer ofSacre Rappresentazioni, iv.320,324,338Castelvetro, Lodovico, his quarrel with Annibale Caro, v.285;denounced by his enemies to the Inquisition,286;escapes, is condemnedin contumaciam, and dies in exile,286;his chief work, a translation of thePoetics,287Castiglione, Baldassare, i.181;theIl Cortigiano,183-189,192,457, ii. 37, 393, 411, 420, v.14,265,518;quoted for Castiglione's theory of Italian style, v.257note1,266-270;on the physical exercises befitting a gentleman, ii. 29, 419;its subject treated from an æsthetical rather than a moral point of view, v.430;Raphael's portrait of him, ii. 28, 421, v.522;ambassador of Mantua and Ferrara at Rome, ii. 405, 420;assists Raphael in his letter on the exploration of Rome, 419;employed by Julius II. at Urbino, 419;his mission to England, 420;his life at Rome, 420;sent by Clement VII. as Nuncio to Madrid, 421;his poem on the statue of Ariadne, 431note1, 432, 496;his epigram on Raphael's death, 438;his Latin verses—their interest, 490-493;his flatteries of Julius II. and Leo X., 493;his eclogue, theTirsi, v.222;his Mantuan origin illustrating the loss of intellectual supremacy by Florence, ii. 506;his letter describing the representation of theCalandraat Urbino, v.144note1,146Castiglione, Francesco, i.177Castracane, Castruccio, tyrant of Lucca, i.75note1,133;his life by Machiavelli,76note1,112, ii. 37;introduced in the frescoes in the Campo Santo, Pisa, iii. 203Castro, Duke of (son of Paul III.). (SeeFarnese, Pier Luigi.)Catanei, Vanozza, the mistress of Alexander VI., i.417, iv.411;takes to religion in her old age,424;her interview with Alexander after the murder of the Duke of Gandia,425Catapans, i.35Catasto, the, or schedule of properties, introduced by Frederick II., i.105Catena, Vincenzo, Venetian painter, iii. 362Catenati, the, an Academy at Macerata, ii. 366Cathari, the, an heretical sect, i.9, iv.109Catherine de' Medici. (SeeMedici, Catherine de'.)Catherine, S. (of Siena), beauty of style in her letters, iv.173Catini, Monte, battle of, i.112Cavalca, Domenico, hisLeggende dei Santi Padri, iv.131;his Poems,164Cavalcabò Family, the slaughter of them by Tondulo, i.120;overthrown by the Visconti,145;reappear after the death of Gian Galeazzo,150Cavalcanti, Giovanni, his Florentine Histories, iv.176Cavalcanti, Guido, his metaphysical Odes, iv.64;hisBallate,65Cavalieri, Tommaso, his friendship with Michelangelo, iii. 429, 434Cecchi, Gianmaria, hisSacra Rappresentazione,The Elevation of the Cross, iv.322note1,324,357;other plays of his written with a didactic purpose, v.187note2;writes a commentary on a Sonnet of Berni's,363;his Comedies,123,141,181,186;his veneration for Ariosto,156note1,187;hisFarse,188Cellant, Countess of, Bandello'sNovellaupon her tragedy, v.54Cellini, Benvenuto, i.170note1,325;quoted to illustrate the Italian idea of the sanctity of the Popes,462, iii. 471;his life typical of the age, 492, iii. 385, 439, 479, iv.385(cp. v.517);his fits of religious enthusiasm—their sincerity,492, ii. 18, iii. 450, 468-471;his autobiography, ii. 36;may be compared to a novel, v.120;his criticisms on Bandinelli, iii. 173, 477;his admiration of Michelangelo, 396, 445, 494;invited by Torrigiano to accompany him to England, 444;his account of Torrigiano, 445;sets off to Rome, 446;returns to Florence, but goes back to Rome in consequence of a quarrel, 447;his homicides and brutal behaviour, 447-449, 458;returns to Rome, 451;his description of life there, 452;his exploits at the Siege of Rome, 455;miracles and wonders related by him, 456;domestic affection and lightheartedness, 456-458;incantation witnessed by him in the Colosseum, 460-462, v.82,346notes1and2;his journey to France, iii. 463, v.239;visits of Francis I. to him, iii. 443note1, 474note1;returns to Rome and is thrown into prison, 465;endeavors to escape, 466;given up by Cardinal Cornaro, 466;attempt to murder him, 467;released from prison and summoned to the Court of Francis I., 472;his stay in France, 473-475;parallelism of Cellini, Machiavelli, and Aretino, 479;hisCapitolo del Carcerecited in illustration of the general use of theterza rimaduring the sixteenth century, iv.172, v.367note2;his statue of Perseus, iii. 176, 438, 455, 470, 478;purely physical beauty of his statues, 455;scarcity of his works in gold and jewels, 437, 479;character of his work in metals, v.229Cenci, the, anovellamade of their trial, v.54Cendrata, Taddea, wife of Guarino da Verona, ii. 301Cene dalla Chitarra, his satirical Poems on the Months in parody of Folgore da Gemignano, iv.54note2,56note1Cennini, Bernardo, the first Italian printer who cast his own type, ii. 369Censorship of the Press, established by Alexander VI., i.411,416, ii. 359, 371Cento Novelle, the, character given in them of the Court of Frederick II., iv.21;illustrate the origin of Italian prose,36Cerchi, the, at Florence, i.210note2Cesena, massacre of, i.82Cesi, Angelo, his sufferings in the Sack of Rome, ii. 444Cette, the Bishop of, poisoned by Cesare Borgia, i.428Chalcondylas, Demetrius, teaches Greek at Perugia, ii. 249;his edition of Isocrates, 376;aids in the publication of the first edition of Homer, 376Chancellors of Florence, list of illustrious, ii. 106note3Charles I., of Sicily (Charles of Anjou), summoned by the Popes into Italy, i.75(cp.539note1);visits Cimabue's studio, ii. 187;his legislation for the University of Naples, 117Charles IV., the Emperor, i.100;grants diplomas to the Universities of Florence, Siena, Arezzo, Lucca, Pavia, ii. 118Charles V., the Emperor, i.50;governed Italy in his dynastic interests,98,100;his project of suppressing the Papal State,445;the final conqueror of Italy,584;Charles V. at Rome, iii. 438;story that he hastened the Marquis of Pescara's death by poison, v.291;his patronage of Aretino,400,404Charles VIII., of France, invades Italy, i.90,113note1,164,237,434,525,539;popular outbreak at his entry into Pisa,343,561;his accession,539;his claims on Naples,539,542;his character by Guicciardini and Comines,540;prepares for his expedition,542;amount of his forces,554;captures Sarzana,559;enters Florence,561;enters Rome,564;marches to Naples,566, ii. 363;forced by the League of Venice to retreat, i.576,579;wins the battle of Fornovo,580;signs peace at Vercelli,581;effects of his conquest,582-586Charles, the Great, crowned emperor, i.50, iv.438;his pact with Rome,94;his character in the romances of Roland, iv.435,445,469Charles of Durazzo, v.198Chiaravalle, the Certosa of, iii. 42, 66Chiavelli, the, of Fabriano, i.111;massacre of them,121,168note1,397note2Chigi, Agostino, the Roman banker, couplet put up by him at the entrance of Leo X., i.435;his banquets,437;his Greek Press, ii. 405;his entertainments of the Roman Academy, 409;builds the Villa Farnesina, iii. 84;his patronage of Aretino, v.386Chivalry, alien to the Italian temper, i.359,482, iv.6,27,44,60,73, v.13;the ideal of chivalrous love, iv.59Christ, said to have been proclaimed King of Florence by Savonarola, i.222,526, iii. 214note2, 308;difficulty of representing Christ by sculpture, iii. 16-18Christianity, influence of, in producing the modern temper of mind, ii. 19;contrast between Greek and Christian religious notions, iii. 12-21, 410-412;ascetic nature of Christianity, 24note1Chronicon Venetum, cited for the cruelty of Ferdinand of Aragon, i.572note1;for the good will of the common people to the French,583note2Chrysoloras, John, teaches Filelfo Greek, ii. 268;marries his daughter Theodora to Filelfo, 268Chrysoloras, Manuel, summoned to Florence as Greek Professor, ii. 108-110;obliged to leave by Niccolò's opposition, 182;author of theErotemata, 376Church, assassination of Italian tyrants frequently undertaken in churches, i.168note1,397note2Church, the, compromises made by the Church with the world, iii. 26;opposition of the medieval Church to poetry, ii. 60, iv.81Cibo, Franceschetto (son of Innocent VIII.), i.114,404;marries the daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici,545Cibo, Giambattista. (SeeInnocent VIII.)Cicala, Milliardo (treasurer of Sixtus IV.), his quarrel with Filelfo, ii. 286Cicero, Petrarch's love of Cicero, ii. 73;Loss of the 'De Gloria,' 73;influence of Cicero in the Renaissance, 527Ciceronianism, the, of the Humanists, ii. 108, 414, 528Cima da Conegliano, iii. 362Cimabue, Giovanni, story of hisMadonnawhich was carried in triumph to S. Maria Novella, iii. 11, 187note1;character of the picture, 188;story of his finding Giotto, as a child, drawing, 190, 191;his frescoes at Assisi, 196Cino da Pistoja, character of his poems, iv.65;his influence on Petrarch,94Cinthio (Giovanbattista Giraldi), hisEcatommithi, v.60,78;cited for the story of the poisoning of Alexander VI., i.429,note1, v.106;their style,103;use made of them by the Elizabethan dramatists,104;their ethical tendency,105;plan of the work,105;description of the Sack of Rome forming the Introduction,522;his Tragedies,131note2;the Dedication of theOrbecchecited for Italian conceptions of tragedy,127note1,132note1;analysis of theOrbecche,131Ciompi Rebellion, the, at Florence, i.221,227, iv.111,150;Gino Capponi's Chronicle of, i.265note1, iv.176Cione, Benci di, architect of the Loggia dei Lanzi at Florence, iii. 125Cione, Bernardo di (brother of Andrea Orcagna), iii. 124Ciriaco of Ancona, his zeal in collecting antiquities, ii. 155, 429, iii. 236, 272;suspected of forgery, ii. 156Citizens, decline in the number of persons possessing the rights of citizenship at the Renaissance, i.546Citizenship, Italian theories of, i.195Ciuffagni, Bernardo, his bas-reliefs in S. Francesco, Rimini, iii. 162Ciullo d'Alcamo, hisTenzone—the character of its metre, iv.24note1,25;shows a genuinely popular feeling,26,42Cividale,Ludus Christiacted there in 1298 and 1303, iv.15,307Civitale, Matteo, his work as a sculptor in Italian churches, iii. 78note1;purity and delicacy of his work, 152;his monuments, &c., at Lucca, ii. 229, iii. 157Clarence, Duke of, his marriage with Violante Visconti, i.137Classical writers, the, influence of, on the Italians, i.197note1,250note1,464;on Columbus and Copernicus, ii. 19;present tendency to restrict the use of the classics in education, 537-540