225;his account of Grifonetto Baglioni's massacre of his kinsmen,123;of the misgovernment of the Baglioni,130;cited for the spread of syphilis from Charles's army,567note1;his testimony to the welcome of the French by the common people in Italy,583note2;on the comeliness of person of Astorre Baglioni, ii. 31;great value of his work, iv.177;said to be identical with Francesco Maturanzio,183note3Mattasalà di Spinello dei Lambertini, his accounts of expenditure, an early memorial of the Sienese dialect, iv.35Matteo, and Bonino, da Campione. (SeeCampione, Matteo and Bonino.)Matteo da Civitale. (SeeCivitale, Matteo da.)Matthaeus, Johannes, his verses upon the death of Navagero, ii. 488Maturanzio, Francesco, said to be identical with Matarazzo, iv.183note3Mauro, a member of theVignajuoliAcademy at Rome, ii. 366, v.357;hisCapitoli, v.365Maximilian I., the Emperor, i.100, v.301;his relations with Charles VIII., i.542;betrothed to Bianca, niece of Lodovico Sforza,544note1;joins the League of Venice against Charles,576Maximus, Pacificus, his Poems, ii. 519Mazochi, Jacopo, his collection of Roman Inscriptions, ii. 429Mazzocchi del Bondeno, Giovanni, the first publisher of theOrlando Furioso, iv.497Mazzola, Francesco. (SeeParmigianino.)Mazzoni, Guido (Il Modanino), hisPietàin terra cotta in Monte Oliveto, Naples, ii. 365, iii. 163Medicean Library, its foundation, i.21, ii. 174Medici, the, i.88;their patronage of art,80;disputed question of its nature, iii. 263, iv.39;their tyranny partly produced by political exhaustion, i.82;supported by the people,87, ii. 171, 316, 317, iv.385;their rise to power, i.114,228-231;their expulsion,222;are restored,223,314;their contest with the Albizzi,227note1, ii. 167, 170, iv.176;their policy, i.228,282, ii. 165, 167, 312, 317, iii. 264, iv.385;foundation of the Medicean interests in Rome, i.404, ii. 315;raised above common tyrants by their love of culture, ii. 33;have thefleurs de lysof France conferred on them by Louis XI., iv.405Medici, Alessandro de', Duke of Cività di Penna, i.231;murdered by his cousin Lorenzino,170,223,277,287,468, ii. 317, iii. 438, v.118,381note1;poisons his cousin Ippolito, i.277, v.358,381note1;leaves Florence, i.286, iii. 414;accused by the Florentines before Charles V., 232, 280, 298;protects Cellini from the consequences of a homicide, iii. 458;the story that he had Berni poisoned, v.358;Averardo de', i.212note1;Catherine de', her marriage to the Duke of Orleans,287;Clarice de', wife of Filippo Strozzi,286;Cosimo de' (the elder), his return to Florence, iv.259;his policy at Florence, i.87,102,155,212,228, ii. 312, iii. 438;Guicciardini's critique of his taxation, i.305;the impersonation of his age,492, ii. 168, 170, iii. 228, 262, 325;his regret that he had not built more, ii. 38, 172;his patronage of letters, 165, 168, 173, 177, 225;subtlety of his character, 169;his cruelty, 170;sums spent by him in building, 171, 172;consults Pope Eugenius as to how he should make restitution for his ill-gotten gains, 172;builds the Library of S. Giorgio at Venice during his exile, 173;his Libraries at Florence, i.21, ii. 174-176, iii. 263;his versatility of talent, ii. 176;his political cynicism expressed by his sayings, 19, 177;founds the Academy of Florence, 177, 207, v.272;his conversations with Gemistos, ii. 207;rejects Brunelleschi's plans for the Casa Medici, iii. 76;said to have instigated the poisoning of Il Burchiello, iv.260;Cosimo de' (first Grand Duke), i.223,229;his elevation due to Guicciardini,280,300;diverts the Florentines from commerce,186note1;his petty, meddling character, iii. 476;Ferrando de', his marriage to Cristina of Lorraine, iv.325;Giovanni de' (seeLeo X.);Giovanni de' (delle Bande Nere), his friendship with Aretino, v.390;his death,391;Giuliano de' (the elder), assassination of, i.168note1,396-398, iv.401note1,406;his love for Simonetta la Bella, iv.374,403,420;his Tournament,403;Giuliano de', Duke of Nemours, i.184, ii. 314;refuses the Duchy of Urbino, i.438;his Pageant of the Golden Age. iv.396-398;his tomb at San Lorenzo, i.314,319, iii. 415;Cardinal Giulio de' (seeClement VII.);Cardinal Ippolito de', leaves Florence, i.286, iii. 414;founds a club for the study of Vitruvius at Rome, ii. 366;said to have maintained three hundred poets, 405;poisoned by his cousin Alessandro, i.277, v.358,381note1;portraits of him by Titian and Pontormo, ii. 27;the story that he had Berni poisoned, v.358;Lorenzino de', assassinates his cousin Alessandro, i.170,223,277,287,468, iii. 438, v.118,381note1;his Apology, i.468, v.517;murdered by Bibboni, i.480note3;Cellini's character of him, iii. 463;his comedy, theAridosio, v.182;Lorenzo de' (brother of Cosimo the elder), patronises Marsuppini, ii. 187;Lorenzo de', the Magnificent, his suspicious temper, i.119;his appropriation of public moneys,305;Guicciardini's character of him,308;describes Rome to his son Giovanni as 'the sink of all vices,'421(cp. v.190), v.274;attempt on his life, i.397note2;balance of power created by him in Italy,404note2,538,544, ii. 315, iv.368;his character the type of the Renaissance, i.504,505,523, ii. 321, iv.384;recalls Savonarola to Florence, i.521;his dying interview with Savonarola,523, iv.384;universality of his genius, ii. 10, 320;transfers the High School of Florence to Pisa, 122;his policy, ii. 315, iii. 264, iv.369,386;without commercial talent, ii. 317;the true view of his character, 318, iv.39,387;literary society gathered round him, ii. 322;his love of the vernacular literature, 393, iv.3,236,370, v.508;has a monument erected to Filippo Lippi, iii. 247;his character typically Florentine, iv.371;wins the prize of valour at a tournament in 1468,405;his taste for buffoonery,430note2;Ariosto's character of him in the satires,516;character of his poems,371,372;hisLauds,302,384;his sacred drama,S. Giovanni e Paolo,320,324,384;his treatment of love,373-375;the Sonnet to Venus and that to the Evening Star translated,373;analytical character of his genius,377;theSelve d'Amore,376-380;passages translated,376-380;use of theottava rimain theSelve,379;theCorinto,379;passage translated,380;theAmbra,380;theNencia da Barberinoand other rustic poems,381, v.223;theBeoni, iv.172,382;hisCanzoni a Ballo,385-388;hisCanti Carnascialeschi,388-392(cp. i.461);the Song of Bacchus and Ariadne translated,390;said to have originated this form of composition,388, v.355;Lorenzo de' (nephew of Leo X.), made Duke of Urbino by Leo, i.322,438, ii. 420, iv.396;advised by Filippo Strozzi to make himself Duke of Florence,286;Machiavelli'sPrincededicated to him,319;Maddalena de', married to Franceschetto, son of Innocent VIII.,404;Piero de' (Il Gottosa), ii. 313;Piero de' (the younger), i.305;his cowardly surrender of the Tuscan fortresses,525,559;his relation to the Orsini,543;inclines to friendship with Naples,543;his weak and foolish character, i.544;driven out by the Florentines,559, iii. 389Melanchthon, the pupil of Reuchlin, ii. 208, 210Melozzo da Forli, his picture of Sixtus IV. among his Cardinals, i.384note1, iii. 236note1;his picture of Frederick, Duke of Urbino, and his Court, ii. 304, iii. 236note1;the pupil of Piero della Francesca, iii. 235Melzi, Francesco, the scholar of Lionardo da Vinci, iii. 484Memling, comparison of his works with those of the Venetian masters, iii. 361Memmi, Simone. (SeeMartini, Simone.)Merula, quoted for the justice of Azzo Visconti, i.83note1Messina Cathedral, the, marble panellings in, iii. 79note3;Montorsoli's fountain, 177Metres, the question why different nations have adopted different metres, iv.24;the Italian hendecasyllabic,24note1 (seeAppendix i.);theottava rimapopularised by Boccaccio'sTeseide,118;use of theottava rimaby Lorenzo de' Medici and Poliziano,379,382,403;of theterza rimainCapitoliand Satires,519;vicissitudes of theterza rimaafter Dante,172;employment of theterza rimain the sixteenth century, v.367;originality of the Italian metrical systems,510Michelet, quoted, i.10;his formula of the Discovery of World and Man,15note1 (cp. v.526);his remark that the French alone understood Italy, criticised,585;his description of the building of Brunelleschi's Dome at Florence, iii. 67Michelotti, Biordo, murder of, i.123,148note2Michelozzo, his work as an architect, ii. 440;builds the Riccardi Palace at Florence, iii. 76;employed by Cosimo de' Medici, 263Middle Ages, their ignorance, i.6,13,20,24;the beauty of nature unappreciated in the middle ages,13;progress effected by the middle ages,6,7;conception of life in,10,13,14, iv.289, v.454,455,456;memories of antiquity in the middle ages, ii. 52;character of the middle ages illustrated from the Faust Legend, 53;low state of scholarship in the middle ages, 58 foll.;materialism and mysticism of the middle ages, iii. 9;architecture the pre-eminent art of the middle ages, 10;uncompromising Christianity of the middle ages, 26;medieval prepossession with death, hell, and judgment, i.13, iii. 198, 201, iv.74, v.454,471;medieval ideas of the claims of the Church illustrated by paintings of theTriumph of Thomas, iii. 205-210;medieval theories of government illustrated by Lorenzetti's frescoes at Siena, 210-214;allegory in the middle ages, iv.74,81;thefabliauxof the middle ages,107;satire in the middle ages,108;treatment of women by medieval authors,212;types of womanhood created by medieval authors,352;abandonment of scholasticism for the humanities, v.450,457;medieval speculation never divorced from theology,457Milan, greatness of, under the rule of the Bishops, i.53,58,59;heads the league against Frederick,64,81;becomes the centre of the Ghibelline party,81;hostility of Milan and Piacenza,151,162note1,212;luxury of Milan, v.68note3;corruption of the Milanese Court, i.326,548note1,554, v.191;early printers of Greek at Milan, ii. 375;the wealth of Milan due to the Naviglio Grande, iii. 41;share of Milan in the development of Italian literature, iv.364—— Duomo, the, built by the Visconti, i.141, iii. 42;German influence in its design, iii. 50;its merits and defects, illustrating the character of Italian Gothic, 57;S. Eustorgio, chapel of S. Peter Martyr, terra-cotta work in, iii. 79, 151;shrine, 123;S. Gottardo, the tower, i.133note2, iii. 42;S. Maurizio Maggiore, Luini's frescoes, iii. 485-487 (cp. v.62)Milan: Hospital, the, iii. 59, 77Milton, his eulogy of the Italian Academies, ii. 367;his indebtedness inLycidasto Renaissance Latin verse, 490 (cp. 497note2);compared with Michelangelo, iii. 388;comparison of his epics with theItalia Liberataof Trissino, v.308;his description (in theAreopagitica) of the decay of Italian learning,480;his conception of the poet's vocation in opposition to Italian ideas,521Minerbi, his Vocabulary of Boccaccio's Diction, v.254note1Mino da Fiesole, his work as a sculptor in Italian churches, iii. 78note1;delicacy and purity of his work, 152 (cp. iv.66);his skill in character portraits, iii. 158Minorite Friars, the, their denunciation of Beccadelli'sHermaphroditus, ii. 256;their attacks on Valla, 261, 263Miracle plays, exhibition of, in the Trevisan Marches, iv.15,306;rarity of, in medieval Italy,306;their place supplied by theDivozioniand theSacre Rappresentazioni,307Mirandola, Alberto Pico della, murder of, ii. 423;Galeazzo Pico della, (1) died under excommunication, i.133note1;(2) murders his uncle, Giovanni Francesco,119note2, ii. 423;Galeotto Pico della, ii. 422;Giovanni Francesco Pico della, the biographer of Savonarola, i.520, ii. 36, 423;his description of the effect of Savonarola's preaching, i.511;his belief in Savonarola's gift of prophecy,512note1;his account of the dying interview of Lorenzo de' Medici with Savonarola,523note1;influence of Savonarola upon him, ii. 423;his address on the Reformation of the Church, 423;his friendship with Northern scholars, 423;murdered by his nephew, i.119note2, ii. 423;Lodovico Pico della, ii. 422;Pico della, on the expulsion of the Jews by Ferdinand, i.401;his attempt to fuse Christianity and ancient philosophy,171,456, ii. 470, iii. 35, v.452,453;the friend of Savonarola, i.520;his apology for the schoolmen, ii. 333, v.450;universality of his genius, ii. 10;in common with the rest of his age did not comprehend Plato's system, v.452;his 'Oration on the Dignity of Man' quoted, ii. 48;his influence on Italian thought, 207;value of his labours, v.453;one of the circle gathered round Lorenzo de' Medici, ii. 322, 329;description of him by Poliziano, 329;his portrait in the Uffizi Gallery, 330;his devotion to learning, 330, 523;his great memory, 331;condemned for heresy on account of his 900 theses, 332;his ideal of knowledge, 332;studies the Cabbala, 334;his attack on astrology, 335;his contempt for mere style, 526;his Latin correspondence, 532;preferred Lorenzo de' Medici to Petrarch as a poet, iv.236Miscomini, Antonio, an early printer at Florence, ii. 369Modena, verses sung by the soldiers on guard against the Huns there, iv.12(cp.Appendix i.)Molza, Francesco Maria, facts of his life, v.225-228;a member of the Roman Academy, ii. 361;of theVignajuoli, 366, v.357;patronized by Ippolito de' Medici, ii. 405;sides with Caro in his quarrel with Castelvetro, v.286;his correspondence with Aretino,410note1;his Latin poems, ii. 488-490, v.228;passage translated (in prose),489;hisDecamerone, v.60;Molza as an Italian poet,228-234;theNinfa Tiberina,225,229;illustrated by contemporary art,229;Molza's use of the octave stanza,230;analysis of the poem,230-234;translations,231,232,233;theCapitoli,284,364Molza, Tarquinia, granddaughter of the poet, v.288Monaldeschi, the Chronicler, quoted, i.252Monarchy: why Italy did not become a monarchy, i.92-95Montaigne, entertained by Veronica Franco at Venice in 1580, v.288Montalcino, his execution, v.478Montanini, the, at Siena, v.99Montano, the Bolognese scholar, i.165Montaperti, battle of, iii. 214Monte Labbate, Conte di, his letter to Pompeo Pace, describing the influence exercised by Aretino, v.402note2Montefalco, Gozzoli's frescoes, iii. 242Montefeltro, the House of, i.110,375;members of this family become Condottieri,161—— Agnesina da, mother of Vittoria Colonna, v.289;Frederick da, Duke of Urbino, the suspicion of his legitimacy, i.102;his life and character,174-181;receives the Garter from Henry VII.,181;his library, ii. 304;the picture of him and his Court by Melozzo da Forli, 304, iii. 236note1;his portrait by Piero della Francesca, iii. 235;Giovanna da, daughter of Frederick, Duke of Urbino, married to Giovanni della Rovere, i.182note2,393. ii. 419;Guidobaldo da, Duke of Urbino, his character and accomplishments, i.181-182;receives the Garter from Henry VII., ii. 420;Bembo's Dialogue in praise of him, 412;Oddo Antonio da, murder of, i.121Montemurlo, battle of, i.287Montesecco, Giambattista, his share in the Pazzi Conspiracy, i.397,398Montferrat, the House of, i.52,57,110,146note1Monti, the, names for successive governments at Siena, i.35,207,616, ii. 164, iii. 212note1Montorsoli, Gian Angelo, follower of Michelangelo, iii. 172;his fountain at Messina, 177Monza, battle of, i.161Morando, Benedetto, his quarrel with Valla, ii. 242Morello, Il, iii. 503Morena, Ottone, his Chronicle of Milan, i.251Morone, Giovanni, his friendship with Vittoria Colonna, v.292Morone, Girolamo, his intrigue with the Marquis of Pescara, v.290Moroni, Giovanni Battista, his genius in portrait-painting, iii. 503 (cp. v.278)Morosini, Paolo, his consolatory letter to Filelfo on the death of his wife, ii. 287Mosca, his statuary at Orvieto, iii. 56Mucchio da Lucca, his Sonnet on Dante, iv.162Museum, Capitol, foundation of the, ii. 431;Vatican, foundation of the, 431;description of the sculptures there by a Venetian envoy, 434-436Music: the development of music, iii. 36;music the essentially modern art, 37;difference between Italian and German music, v.516Mussato, Albertino, hisEccerinis, v.117note1;cited for the traditional reverence of Livy at Padua, iv.12Mussi, his Milanese annals, i.81Musurus, Marcus, the assistant of Aldo Manuzio, ii. 378;a member of the Aldine Academy, 386;his knowledge of Latin, 386note2;made Bishop of Malvasia, 402;lectures in Leo's Gymnasium at Rome, 427Muzio, his Life of Duke Frederick of Urbino, quoted, i.174Muzio, Girolamo, hisBattaglie, v.271note1NANTIPORTO, quoted, i.22Naples, entry of the French into Naples, i.566,575, ii. 363;history of the Neapolitan Kingdom under the Aragonese Dynasty, 567-574;hostility of Naples to the Church, ii. 260, 265;feudalism lasted longer in Naples than in other parts of Italy, 251, iv.460, v.499;insecurity of life in Naples, i.569;Neapolitan manners described in the Poems of Pontano, v.217;beauty of Naples,201;traces of French influence on Neapolitan architecture, iii. 44;character of Neapolitan culture, ii. 250, 265;Neapolitan influence on literature, v.213foll.;sensuousness of Neapolitan writers, ii. 251, 364, 468, iv.26,364, v.213,499,521—— Monte Oliveto, Fra Giovanni's tarsia-work. iii. 78note2;Rosellino's altarpiece, 153;Benedetto'sAnnunciation, 160;Mazzoni'sPietà, ii. 365, iii. 163, v.198—— Academy, the, ii. 362, 364—— University, the, founded by Frederick II., ii. 116;its subsequent vicissitudes, 117Neapolitan School of Painters, the, their brutality, iii. 25, 187Nardi, Jacopo, cited, i.226,229note2;pleads for the Florentine exiles before Charles V.,232,280;his History of Florence,278,279;on the democratic side,290;character and value of his work,291,292;