Venetian art isolated from that of the rest of Italy, iii. 313;architecture of the Venetian palaces, 60;literature not encouraged at Venice, i.79,233, ii. 108, 212, 247note3, 441, v.497;early Venetian printers, ii. 369, 376, 386;the press at Venice, iv.364, v.96,104;Frari, the, Donatello's (wooden) statue of the Baptist, iii. 136note2;S. Giovanni e Paolo ('S. Zanipolo'), the Tombs of the Doges, 162;S. Maria dell' Orto, Tintoretto's paintings, 376note1;S. Mark, its style borrowed from the mosques of Alexandria, 44, 45;the bronze door of the sacristy by Sansovino, 168, v.424;S. Zaccaria, Giovanni Bellini'sMadonna with Saints, iii. 365—— Scuola di S. Croce, iii. 363;its decorations by Gentile Bellini, 363;Scuola di Sant' Orsula, 363;its decorations by Carpaccio, 363, iv.343, v.54;Scuola di San Rocco, iii. 85;Tintoretto's paintings, 375note1, 380—— Ducal Palace, the, iii. 61, 355, 376note1;contrast of its decorations with those of the Public Palace of Siena, 359;Palazzo Corner, 85;—— Vendramini Calergi, 85—— Library of S. Mark's, the, iii. 85Venetian Masters, the, distinguished by their preference for sensuous beauty, iii. 182, 340, 354, 453, iv.402;influence of the peculiar character of Venice upon them, iii. 348;their art to be compared to that of Greece, 355, 357;their personification of Venice, 233, iii. 355, 356, 360;quality of their religion, 357-359, 361, 364;originality of their art, 361note1, 362;comparison between them and the Flemish masters, 361;subjects of their art, i.233, iii. 362;the unity and solidarity of the Venetian school, 371;their naturalness, 382Veniero, Lorenzo, his relations to Aretino, v.419Venusti, Marcello, influence of Michelangelo on his works, iii. 493Vercelli: Ferrari's frescoes, iii. 489;High School, the, ii. 116Vergerio, Pier Paolo (the elder), a scholar of Giovanni da Ravenna, ii. 100Vergerio, Pier Paolo, Bishop of Capo d'Istria, his attack on Della Casa, v.275note1,381note1;his account of Berni's conversion to Lutheranism,378note1;relates that Berni's object in therifacimentoof theOrlando Innamoratowas the diffusion of Lutheran opinions,378-380;his flattery of Aretino,410note1Verme, Jacopo dal, leader of Condottieri, i.150Verocchio, Andrea, importance of his influence, iii. 141;limitations of his genius, 142;various works of his at Florence, 142, 145;his equestrian statue of Colleoni, 143Verona: S. Anastasia, monument of the Cavalli, iii. 163;tombs of the Scaligers, 124, 163Veronese, Paolo, hisEuropa, illustrating his treatment of mythology, iii. 291, 374;his appearance before the Inquisition, 359, 446note1;his sense of magnificence, 370 (cp. v.398note2);subjects of his art, iii. 372, 374;his types of beauty compared with those of Rubens, 372;his sobriety of imagination and excellence of workmanship, 373-374Verradi, Carlo, hisFerrandus Servatus, v.117note1Verucchio, capture of, i.176Vesc, Stephen de, Seneschal de Beaucaire, his influence with Charles VIII., i.541Vespasiano, his contempt for printing, ii. 304, 370;the last of the copyists, and the first of modern booksellers, 306;value of his work, and goodness of his character, 307;reason why he wrote in Italian, iv.235;his Biographies,265note1;his Life of Duke Frederick of Urbino,174,176,179;the library which he collected for the Duke of Urbino,175, ii. 304;cited for the Life of Pandolfino, i.239note1, iv.199;does not mention him as author of theGoverno della Famiglia, iv.199;his account of Poggio and Bruni, i.275;his Life of Alfonso the Magnanimous,480note1,569note1;his Life of San Bernardino,612;quoted for Italian profligacy,477note1;his Life of Piero de' Pazzi, ii. 42note1;his account of how Palla degli Strozzi brought Chrysoloras to Florence, 109;cited for Strozzi's services to learning, 166;copies MSS. for Cosimo de' Medici, 174;relates how he collected books for Cosimo, 175;quoted for Cosimo's versatility of talent, 176;his anecdote of Cosimo's pruning his own fruit trees, v.196;his Life of Niccolò de' Niccoli, ii. 178;his Life of Carlo Marsuppini, 186, 530;his Life of Manetti, 186note1;his description of Tommaso Parentucelli (Nicholas V.) in the Medicean circle at Florence, 224;the catalogue of Niccolò's MSS. made by Tommaso, 174;his account of his interview with Tommaso after his election, 226;his character of Nicholas, 226;his story of Pope Calixtus in the Vatican Library, 357;cited for Vittorino da Feltre's purity of character, 297;for the virtues of the Cardinal di Portogallo, iii. 154, v.324note1Vespucci, Guido Antonio, i.201Vettori, Francesco, i.197note1,203note1,230;the friend of Machiavelli,315,317note1,322note2,318;hisSommario della Storia d' Italia,Appendix v. vol. i.Vicars of the Church, their passage to tyranny, i.111.Vicars of the Empire, i.35,106,133;their passage to tyranny,111,156Vicenza, early printing at, ii. 376;luxury of the nobles of Vicenza, v.191—— Palazzo della Ragione, by Palladio, iii. 95;representation of Anguillara'sEdippothere, v.134—— High School, the, ii. 116;attendance of foreigners there, 119;its early decline, v.497Vico of the Prefetti at Viterbo, Francesco, murder of, i.120,168note1Victor, John Bonifacius, tortured by the Spaniards at the Sack of Rome, ii. 445Victor II., i.59Vida, made Bishop of Alba, ii. 403, 407;his Cremonese origin, illustrating the loss of intellectual supremacy by Florence, 506;frigid purism of hisChristiad, 398, 399 (cp. 535, v.519);quoted to illustrate the subjects in which the poets of the Renaissance best succeeded, ii. 400;theArt of Poetry, 471-476;the apostrophe to Rome, 475, v.522;translated (prose), ii. 475Vidovero, of Brescia, murdered by Pandolfo Malatesta, i.113note1Vignajuoli, I, name of an Academy at Rome, ii. 365, v.227,272,357Vignate, Giovanni, the millionaire of Lodi, i.114;imprisoned in a wooden cage by Filippo Visconti,120Vignola, his labours at S. Peter's, iii. 93;his 'Treatise on the Orders,' 95, 96note1;character of his genius, 96Vigonça, the hero of an anonymous Maccaronic poem by a Paduan author, v.331,479note1Villani, Chronicle of the, iv.176;its value, i.251-260;praised by Vespasiano,276—— Filippo, continues the Chronicle of Florence, i.254;his Lives of illustrious Florentines,255;cited for the story of Boccaccio at the tomb of Virgil, ii. 88, iv.102;apologises for his father not having written in Latin, iv.236;Giovanni, his Chronicle of Florence, i.251,254;his reasons for undertaking it,253, ii. 30, 144;cited for the division of Guelfs and Ghibellines, i.81;for the rise of the Condottiere system,156;his account of the Flagellants,618;his relation of the taxes raised in Florence to build the Cathedral, iii. 64;his story of the representation of Hell by burghers of the Borgo S. Friano, 198, v.114;his description of Florentine festivals, iv.50,51;Matteo, his description of the despots, i.128;continues his brother's Chronicle,254;cited for the assassination of Matteo Visconti,137note1;for the cruelty of Bernabo Visconti,139note1;his account of the 'Black Death,'259, iv.111, v.191;of the preaching of Fra Jacopo, i.610;of the foundation of the Florentine University, ii. 119Villotta, a name in N.E. Italy for theRispetti, iv.264,266Vinci, Lionardo da, universality of his genius,171,326, ii. 10, iii. 313, 314, 322, 327note1, 382;the only great Florentine artist not befriended with the Medici, iii. 263;one of the four great artists by whom the Renaissance was fully expressed, 312;his studies of beauty and ugliness, 316-318;his interest in psychological problems, 318 (cp. 35), 323, 363;his study of the technicalities of art, 320;his love of strange things, 321;hisstrong personality, 322note3, 329;his reluctance to finish, 323, 482;greatness of his aims, 325;hisS. John, as illustrating the introduction of Pagan motives into Christian art, 34, 137, 318;indebted for the type of face preferred by him to Verocchio, 142, 316;his models for an equestrian statue of Francesco Sforza, 144, 324, 325;hisLeda and the Swan, illustrating his treatment of the antique, 291, 318;fate of his works, 325;the cartoon for the Council Chamber at Florence, 325, 396;theLast Supper, 323, 326;Lionardo's visit to the Court of France, 445;school formed by him at Milan, 482;his Treatise on Physical Proportions, ii. 37;his Poems, iii. 314;translation of a sonnet, 314note1Vinciguerra, Antonio, his satirical poems, v.381Vindelino of Spires, joins his brother John as printer at Venice, ii. 369Violi, Lorenzo, his notes of Savonarola's sermons, i.511,530note1Virago, used without reproach at the time of the Renaissance as a term for accomplished ladies, v.288Virgil, read in the middle ages, i.20;honours paid to him at Mantua,20, ii. 30, 63;translation of a stanza from a hymn on Virgil used at Mantua, 63;turned by popular belief into a magician, a Christian, a prophet of Christ, 65, 143;influence of the Eclogues in forming the ideal of a Golden Age prevalent at the Renaissance, v.195;his tomb at Naples, i.461, ii. 30, iv.12,88,101Viridario, the, an Academy at Bologna, ii. 366Virtù, Machiavelli's use of the word, i.171,337note1,345,482,484,493, ii. 35, v.440;illustrated by Benvenuto Cellini, iii. 439, 479;by Aretino, iv.497, v.410,416,425Virtù, Le, the Vitruvian Club at Rome, ii. 366, v.227Visconti, the, i.81,116;quarrel of the Visconti with Florence,81,82;how they acquired their power,112;their patronage of art, iii. 42—— Azzo, i.133,134;his impartiality,83note1;Bernabo,136,139,140,141;Carlo, one of the assassins of Galeazzo Maria Sforza,165;Filippo Maria, was afraid of thunder,119,152;imprisons Giovanni Vignate in a wooden cage,120;seizes Pavia,151;has his wife beheaded,152note2;his character,153, ii. 265;his conduct to Alfonso the Magnanimous, i.568note1;his patronage of Filelfo, ii. 265, 277;commissions Filelfo to write an Italian poem on S. John the Baptist, 279, iv.235;Gabriello, i.102,151;Galeazzo (1),133;Galeazzo (2),134,136-140;Gian Galeazzo,87,98,102,113note1,138;his marriage,138;succeeds,140;murders his uncle,141;his love of art,141;the grandeur of his schemes,141;his wealth,143;his character,144;his plots against the D'Este Family and the Gonzaghi,146,147;transfers Asti to the House of Orleans,143note1, v.333;progress of his conquests,149;dies of the plague,149, iv.162;his plan to make himself King of Italy, iv.161;his saying on the injury caused him by Salutato's literary powers, ii. 104;Giovanni, Archbishop of Milan, i.135,136;Giovanni Maria,151;his cruelty and lust,151,478;murdered,152,397note2;Lucchino,134;Matteo,136;Otho, Archbishop of Milan, causes the downfall of the Della Torre family,132;Stefano,136;Valentina, her marriage to Louis d'Orléans,143note1,154note1;Violante, her marriage to the Duke of Clarence,137note2Viscounts, creation of the title, i.53Vistarini family, the, their murder by Fisiraga, i.120;massacre by Tremacoldo,148note1Vitelleschi, Cardinal dei, his slaughter of the Trinci, i.122;attacked by Valla in the treatise onConstantine's Donation, ii. 260Vitelli, the, of Città di Castello, their rise to power, i.114;members of this family become Condottieri,161—— Vitelozzo, i.351;murdered by Cesare Borgia at Sinigaglia,351,352,462Viterbo, pageants at, in 1462, on the Corpus Christi festival, iv.316Vitoni, Ventura, his Church of the Umiltà at Pistoja, iii. 83Vitruvius, his influence on Italian architects, ii. 436, iii. 94note1Vivarini, the, the first masters of the Venetian School, iii. 361Volaterranus, Jacobus, his character of Julius II., i.389note3Volterra, Sack of, i.176note1—— Duomo, the: its roof, iii. 79note4;Mino da Fiesole's Ciborium, 158note1WALTER of Brienne. (SeeDuke of Athens.)Webster, the dramatist, quoted, i.119note2, ii. 35, iii. 155;his 'White Devil of Italy,' i.557, v.69,117,288;his treatment of Italian subjects,68,117Wenceslaus, the Emperor, i.148,154Werner of Urslingen, leader of Condottieri, i.86,158William II., of Sicily, beginning of the Sicilian period of Italian literature at his Court, iv.21Wippo, his panegyric to the Emperor Henry III., cited, iv.4Witchcraft, Bull of Innocent VIII. against, i.402note1, v.347;supposed prevalence of witchcraft in the Valtellina and Val Camonica, in the sixteenth century, i.402note1, v.316,346notes1and2,347;general belief in witchcraft at that period in Italy,344;character of the Italian witches,345;Teutonic character of witchcraft in the Lombard district,347Wolfhard, his Life of S. Walpurgis, cited for medieval contempt of antiquity, ii. 60Women, abuse of, common to the authors of the Renaissance, how explained, iv.212Wool trade, the, of Florence, i.257Worcester, Earl of, Bruni's translation of Aristotle'sPoliticsoriginally dedicated to him, ii. 184XENOPHON, the influence of hisŒconomicuson Italian writers, iv.196ZANCHIUS, BASILIUS, his verses upon the death of Navagero, ii. 488Zane, Paolo, his encouragement of learning at Venice, ii. 212;sends Guarino to Constantinople, 299Zeno, the Greek Emperor, i.46Zilioli, his account of Doni's life at Monselice, v.91