FOOTNOTES:

FOOTNOTES:[328]Cf. Prol. toJack Juggler.[329]Cf. the "lerned men" in the Prol. to the EnglishAndria, circa 1520.[330]The northern plural.[331]To be the bell-wether, to excel.[332]Cf. Camden'sProverbs, p. 264; Ray'sProverbs, p. 132.[333]Roger bon temps: a mad rascal, a merry greek;Gringalet: a merry grig ... rogue, etc. (Cotgrave).[334]A. has 'know.'[335]SeeLike well to Like, Dodsley, 3: 337.[336]Cf. Robert the Ryfelar, etc., inPierce Plowman; Peter Piebaker, etc., inThersytes; Margery Mylkeducke, etc., in Skelton.[337]Cf. More's lines to Davy the dycer (Works, p. 1433ª.)[338]See AppendixC.[339]Cf. Ben Jonson'sNew Inn, II. ii.[340]Cf. Hankin boby inThersytes; Handy-dandy inP. Plowman; Huddy-peke inFour Elements, in Skelton, etc.;ib.hoddy poule (= "dunder-head," Dyce).[341]"This ointment is even shot-anchor," Heywood'sFour PP. (= last resort).[342]Cf. ll. 47, 49; for the whole scene cf. Plautus,Miles Glor.v. 31sqq.:Et adsentandumst quicquid bic mentibitur; also Ter.Eunucbus, II. ii, 252et seq.[343]Cf. Palsgrave, 542: "I face as one dothe that brauleth."[344]boasting.[345]Of course 'kinges' if written before July 7, 1553; probably changed to 'Queen' (= Elizabeth) by the printer. (Fleay conjectures,Hist. Stage, p. 59, thatR. D.was revived March 8, 1561; the play having been rewritten from an Edward VI. interlude.Gen. Ed.)[346]The 'n' transferred from 'myne' (my nowne). Cf.nuncle, etc.[347]Cf.Like will to Like,329; Leland calls Udallniveum ... sodalem; Cooper's ed. XXVII.[348]Heywood'sProv.;Lear, V. iii, 15.[349]R. R. D.addressesM.with 'thou' 'thee,' whereasM.uses—on the whole—'you, ye' (toR. R. D.); cf. Skeat'sWilliam of Palerne, XLI. note; Zupitza'sGuy, v. 356, note.[350]Cf.Miles, v. 1063.[351]The first half line is not assigned toR. R. D.in E. and A.; but it should be.Gen. Ed.[352]certainly; cf. 'hardily,' Chauc.C. T. Prol.v. 156.[353]E. has the comma after 'offende.'[354]E. misprintshefor 'ye'; corrected by C. and H.[355]An oath = by God's armes; cf. V. vi, 22.[356]Cf.Thersytes, Dodsley, 1, 403.[357]Cf.Phil Soc. Dict.s.v. Aprep.§ 11; C. and H. drop the 'a.'[358]The quotation marks are the editor's.[359]E., 'Whom.'[360]never; C., 'ne're'; H., 'ne'er.'[361]Middle Engl. comparative; cf.near,ner, etc.[362]Cf. Plautus,Miles, 965.[363]'an.'[364]Cf. Heywood'sProverbs, I. ch. 11 (72); 300Epigrams, 158.[365]mastership; see l. 116, etc.; cf. 'ientman,' III. v, 8; 'gemman,' etc.[366]Cf. Plaut.Miles, 1061.[367]Cf.ib.:Neu ecastor nimis uilist tandem.[368]Cf.ib.68,et passim; and Terent.Eunuch.V. viii, 62.[369]Cf. Plaut.Miles, 1264, and the whole of the first scene.[370]Cf. 'Ko I,' 'Ko she,' III. iii, 21, 35; 'Ko you,' III. iv, 131;Pericles, II. i. 82; "Die Ke-tha?" 'company quotha?'Four Elements[Dodsley, 1, 23].[371]Cf.Thersites, [Dodsley, 1, 399, 400].[372]E., 'Cuy.'[373]diabolicae staturae; seeGuy of Warwick, v. 9945, etc.[374]Brutus, of the British, Welsh or Arthurian story, hence generally a hero [Murray].[375]'Alie' = Hali, Haly, Holy?orAlye =affinis= of the neighbouring country?[376]Cf. Plaut.Miles, 777; Achilles,ib.1054.[377]Tertius e caelo cecidit Cato, Juven.Sat.2, 40.[378]Cf. Plaut.Miles, 65.[379]Cf. "a prince of highe parage,"Chester Plays, 1, 157.[380]Cf. Caxton's "faytes of armes" (Prol. Eneydos), theM. L."facta guerrae, armorum."[381]E., 'They' (not 'That,' as A. reads).[382]love; cf. III. iv, 99. Baby-talk? or the language of the Dutch 'minions'? Hazlitt says: a colloquialism still in use. But the dictionaries are silent.[383]R. uses 'you'; cf. I. ii, 8.[384]Cf. Palsgrave, 477, "Je revolve."[385]Cf. I. iv, iii, etc., C. & H. 'To.'[386]Not in E.; added by C. In E., the comma is after 'while.'[387]Cf. I. ii, 44; IV. vi, 7.[388]Cf. Reinhardstoettner,Plautus, etc., 671:Capitano Spavento viene con li musici per far una mattinata a Isabella.[389]specimen.[390]On Mumblecrust, etc., see AppendixD.[391]Interrupting Mage.[392]Better fare than usual. See Harrison'sDescription of Engl.in Holinshed'sChron.1, 168 (ed. 1587).[393]Note the fondness for proverbs, a trait taken from life and often to be found in later plays.—Sherwood: To whurre, whurle (or yarre) as a dog,Gronder comme un chien. Cooper: scolding. It is perhaps = whirr, whirret (slashing, slash)?[394]Cf. III. iii, 102; Heywood'sProverbs, 1, ch. 2 (p. 6); Camden'sProverbs, 276, 277, etc.[395]Apparently vv. 17, 18.[396]Heywood'sProverbs, 2, ch. 7. Patten: a wooden shoe that made a great clattering.[397]Wager; cf.G. G. N., I. iii, 20; I. iv, 47.[398]entering.[399]Sherwood:Une vieille charougne. A tough toothlesse trot, etc.[400]The same song is alluded to inA pore Helpe(Hazlitt'sEarly Pop. Poetry, 3, 253).[401]stitch.[402]Cf.whippit(in Halliwell): to jump about, etc. InA Treatise shewing ... the Pryde and Abuse of Women Now a Dayes(c. 1550): "With whippet a whyle lyttle pretone, Prancke it, and hagge it well," etc.[403]E. has comma.[404]Murray's earliest quotation for 'here away,' etc., is from 1564.[405]Sherwood:Bon mesnagier.[406]bring to an end.[407]yield it you = reward.[408]I had; I wot. The dialect (generally southern, but occasionally also northern) used by rustic characters in the earlier plays;e.g.inG. G. N.,Trial of Treasure,Like will to Like, etc.[409]Cf.G. G. N.v. 211; Heywood,Prov.2, ch. 7; Camden,Prov.268.[410]mincing, coy.[411]Cf. the whispering scene in theTrial of Treasure.[412]Cf. the slave of Polymachæroplagides in Plaut.Pseudolus.[413]Hazlitt: intentional nonsense for 'nobis miscebetur[!]miserere.' Liturgical words muttered indistinctly and used here jocosely. Heywood: "betweene you and your GinifineeNycebecetur" (Prov.1, ch. 11, p. 57 = 'What's her name?'Nescio quid dicitur?).[414]Cf. 'spoke,' V. v, 5; and 'take,' III. iii, 135.[415]make (Hazlitt).[416]avise, advise.[417]R.'s oaths are generally not so strong; I count inG. G. N.48 oaths beginning with, By Gog's, Cocks, etc.[418]For the rhyme's sake; cf. Wilson'sRhetorique, 202:Reticencia, A whisht or warning to speake no more.[419]These lines are assigned to R. in E.[420]Cf. Sherwood:Grison, gray with age, ... grizle.[421]This part of the scene is the reverse of Plaut.Miles, v. 1000seq., where Pal. has difficulties in keeping Pyrg. from falling in love with the servant.[422]Cf.G. G. N.p. 252.[423]'Is it not she?' cf. v. 88; II. iv, 14. Elliptical construction, cf. Heywood,Johan, ll. 26 and 624.[424]friendly (Cotgr.).[425]Cf. Chaucer'sMiller's Tale, 3268, Skelton, etc.[426]C., 'to' spare.[427]Cf. the first scene in Plaut.Miles. Instead of the blue spider, etc., Thersites kills Cotswold Lions, fights against a snail, as Horribilicribrifax against a cat, and Sir Thopas (inEndymion) against the 'monster' Ovis.[428]Pouldre blanche: a powder compounded of Ginger, Cinnamon, and Nutmegs (Cotgrave). Cf.Blaunche laundin theStory of Fulk Fitz Warine; the Lady of Blanchland in the poem onCarle off Carlilein Percy'sFolio Ms.3, 279, etc.[429]Cf. Plaut.Miles, I. i, 26.[430]Northern dialect for 'bush.'[431]In the series of the 'blue spider' and the 'gozeling.' Cf. "the King of Cockneys onChildermas-day," Brand'sPop. Ant.1, 536, etc.[432]by the holy blood? (Hazlitt:quasisemblety, semblance.)[433]Cf.CustrelinPhil. Soc. Dict., Coustillierin Cotgr.[434]Here follows a farcical scene, doubtlessly inserted for the applause of the galleries. The musicians are supposed to kneel in mock reverence (v. 90), while M. indulges in practical jokes upon R.[435]A picture of such a 'fool's feather,' added to the 'comb' in Douce'sIllustrations, II. Plate 4, 1 (cf. ib. p. 322).[436]E.,famulae, but the maids are not on the stage; v. 107 (his men) shows that the musicians are meant.[437]Cantentrefers apparently to theSeconde Songat the end of the play.[438]E. has '?'.[439]gave. Cf.The Lytell Geste of Robyn Hode: "Take him a gray courser," etc.[440]Cf. 'allowe,' V. i, 12; 'chieve,' 'gree,' etc. (C. changes: 'loue').[441]promised.[442]affianced; cf. IV. i, 17; IV iii, 41; V. ii, 6.[443]C., 'ioly'; cf. ioily, II. iii, 53.[444]Custance's quick answer need not be carried back to Parmenio (as by Cooper).[445]II. i. A night has passed between the first and the second acts [note the 'last day' in v. 46]. The following monologue is distinctly in the spirit of the Roman comedy. The signature at the bottom of this page in the E. copy is C v.[446]E., 'his,' and no dashes, but a comma after 'woundes.'[447]Twangillosin Halliwell,Twangoin Flügel'sDict.[448]An onomatopoetic melody, song; cf.Romeo, IV. v, 108, 129.[449]flute.[450]Cf. Skelton against Garnesche: "Ye wolde be callyd a maker And make mocke lyke Jake Raker" (Dyce: "an imaginary person whose name had become proverbial" for bad verses).[451]Note 'pastance,' indicating the original pronunciation in the rhyme, III. iii, 151; V. ii, 23; where the word is not required for the rhyme we find 'pastime,' V. v, 20, etc. So in Henry VIII's famous song,Pastime with good companye, we have the word rhyming with 'daliance,' 'daunce.'[452]From time to time.Prompt. Parv. Gen. Ed.[453]'shoke' in Shakespeare; 'chid' cf. II. iii, 4.[454]unsuccessful.[455]Cf.Hickscorner(Dodsley, 1, 168): "If any of us three be mayor of London I wis I will ride to Rome on my thumb."[456]touchstone (Cotgr.). The Lombards famous as bankers; ill famed for their "subtyl crafft ... to deceyue a gentyl man" (Boorde'sIntrod., p. 186).[457]Cf. Chaucer,Troil.4, 461; Heywood,Prov.2, ch. 1. Reference to the cure of nettle-stings by dock-leaves.[458]running about.[459]Cf. Boorde'sIntrod., 191, etc.[460]neat. Cf. Ascham,Tox.28.[461]E. and A. read: 'ferdegews'; C. and H.: 'ferdegews.' Is it the same as French:Verdugalle(A vardingale, Cotgr.)?ib.s.v.Bavolet: A billiment or head-attire, etc.[462]gay (the earliest quot. in Murray is from 1568).[463]Cf. Jamieson'sScott. Dict.: Prickmedainty, one who is finical in dress or carriage.[464]Is this related to "giving a fig"?[465]ready for every event (Phil. Soc. Dict.).[466]to make a thing a subject for reproach (Phil. Soc. Dict.).[467]Four Elem.(Dodsley, 1, 20).[468]Cf. Cotgr.s.v. Trenon: f. A great raumpe, or tomboy;s.v. Trotiere: f. A raumpe ... raunging damsell, etc.[469]E., 'No did?'—'did' spoils the rhyme.[470]Cf. Palsgrave, 415; I abye, I forthynke or am punished for a thynge, etc.[471]Cf. II. iv, 26.[472]Wrong signature in E., D. v.[473]burden.[474]Cf.Appius and Virg.(Dodsley, 4, 121): "it's time to be knacking," etc.[475]he will show what a fool he is; cf. Skelton, 2, 254: "thou wylte coughe me a dawe" (a fole, etc.).[476]E. has a period.[477]Cf. Palsgr.: Byrde bolt matteras; Cotgrave, s.v. 'Matteras' ... a quarrell [arrow] without feathers, ... a light-brain'd ... fellow.[478]See Udall'sApophthegms(1542,apudMurray): "chop-loguers or great pratlers." The word originated in Protestant derision of the 'tropological' and 'anagogical' senses of the scholastics; cf.Tindale on the four senses of Scripture(Obedience of a Christian Man, 304, 307, 308): "we must seek out some chopological sense."[479]Cf. Heywood,Prov.2, ch. 4 (109); 300Epigrams, p. 149, etc.[480]To hit, or run against (Baret, 1580, cf. Hall).[481]heavy, stupid fellow (Halliwell).[482]Cf. Sherwood: a Hob (or clowne).[483]lubber.[484]Cf. Baw! as an exclamation of contempt, repudiation, inPierce Plowm., C. 13, 74, 22, 398 ("still used in Lancashire as an interjection of contempt and abhorrence," Whitaker, 1813, cf. Skeat).[485]humiliated; Shak.,1 Hen. VI.(IV. iii, 13).[486]not only the lover, sweetheart, etc., but also the flatterer, favorite (of a prince), despicable creature (cf. Cotgr.).[487]a Latinism (floccifacere); used also in Udall'sParaphr. to Luke(1545; seePhil. Soc. Dict.).[488]Cf.Towneley Myst., 101, andTrial of Treasure; 'wynde,'Four Elem.; "let the world 'slide,'"Wit and Science.[489]A translation from the LatinOrdo ad visitandum infirmum(interroget cum episcopus, quomodo credat in deum, Maskell,Mon. Rit., 1, 89).[490]On this Mock Requiem see p.186and AppendixE.[491]executor.[492]Cf. Sherwood:Roger bon temps, a mad rascall, a merry greek.[493]See p.187.[494]Cf. I. ii, 181; I. iv, 4; II. iii, 10, etc.[495]by God's Armes![496]swoon.[497]Cf. I. iii, 11, 14.[498]Heywood,Prov.1, ch. 4 (17); Camden'sProv., 271.[499]H. makes the rhyme 'carriage.'[500]voice? or rather courage.[501]Cf. Palsgr. p. 664: set the plyghtes in order.[502]gallant; cf. I. ii, 124, and theFourth Song, v. 7.[503]A. has 'should.'[504]Cf. Palsgr. 589: I jette with facyon and countenaunce to set forthe my selfe.Je braggue, etc.[505]E. has no punctuation after 'mastershyp' or 'lord'; A. has a period after the former.[506]impudent fellow![507]never.[508]Cf. Halliwell: to keep the term 'master' out of sight, to be wanting in proper respect [M. makes good his carelessness in the next verses!][509]Cf. 'chose,' I. iv, 15.[510]In a 'treyce'; the French way of counting in games; cf.ambs ace,syce ace, etc.[511]This seems to refer to the 'Fourth Song' at the end of the play.[512]As early as thePromptorium Parvulorum: Gawde or jape =Nuga.[513]C., 'have us.'[514]E., 'sernice.'[515]The ambiguous letter finds a pre-Shakespearian parallel in the satirical poem onWomenprinted fromAdd. Ms.17492, fol. 18, in Flügel'sLesebuch, p. 39; and in the poem printed in Ebert'sJahrbuch, 14, 214.[516]Cf. III. v, 77, where R. should have written or inserted 'yᵉˡ,' thus obviating the necessity of resorting to bad grammar—'they' for 'them.'[517]See AppendixHunder 'Arber.'[518]Cf. IV. vii, 48; an oath in Skelton'sMagnif.685 (andBowge, 398). Calais was lost to the English January 20, 1558.[519]Cf. v. 110, 122; II. iii, 17, etc.[520]= Gog's. R.'s oaths, gain force with his misfortune.[521]Cf. I. ii, 146.[522]make; cf. I. iv, 18.[523]Palæstrio (Miles Glor.1244):Nam tu te vilem feceris...Sine ultro veniat, quæsitet, desideret, exspectet.[524]Cf. Tindale, 1462 [Prol. Jonas]: "the heathen Ninivites though they were blinded with lusts a good";Two G. of V., IV. iv, 170: "weep agood."[525]Cf. III. ii, 52.[526]sooner.[527]Cf. 'cousin,' III. i, 4.[528]swindling.[529]robbing; Palsgr. 465: I bribe, I pull, I pyll!Ie bribe (Romane), je derebbe ...He bribeth and he polleth.[530]So in E.; A., C., and H. give the words "Nay ... still" toMeryunnecessarily.[531]R. had received his copy back from Custance![532]Omitted in A.[533]head; cf.G. G. N., p. 250;Hickscorner,p. 168, etc.[534]H. gives this line to R.[535]by all means; cf. I. ii, 175; IV, iii, 41, etc.[536]whether.[537]welfare; cf.Prol.10.[538]Cf. 'spouse,' etc., I. v, 9; IV. iii, 41. E. has comma between 'wife' and 'Espoused'.[539]Cf. V. iv, 28; 'cheek' here like 'eyes,' 'teeth.'[540]F., 'supect.'[541]Taken from Plautus,Mil. Glor.I. 1.[542]Cf. IV. i, 17.[543]Note the 'thee' and 'you.'[544]Cf. I. i, 49.[545]Cf. III. iv, 7, 8.[546]lubber or lout.[547]C. adds the rhyme: 'though I die.'[548]See AppendixF.[549]simple, timid.[550]R. 'thous' Custance now![551]Cf. v. 102 'passion'; 'pashe,' IV. vii, 51; IV. viii, 52.[552]A. reads 'mowe,' C. 'inowe.'[553]Cf. Cotgr.,Tressault: A start ... also, a leap.[554]Cf. I. ii, 140.[555]Cf. II, iii. 17; III. iv, 85.[556]Think of it.[557]Sherwood, To appall:Esmayer,descourager.[558]once for all.[559]breme, brim, furious; cf. V. 34.[560]So in E. C. reads correctly 'the'; but A. has 'yat,' and M. 'that.'[561]The names of the speakers in vv. 10 and 11 are by mistake in inverse order in E.[562]'mockage' is neither English nor French. Palsgr., Cotgr., etc., do not have it; Halliwell quotes it from "Collier'sOld Ballads48; Harrison, 235."[563]See II. iii, 32.[564]Cf. the figure of Crafty Conueyaunce in Skelton'sMagnyfycence.[565]the 'Cotswold lyon' is the 'sheepe' of v. 29; cf. Heywood,Prov.I. ch. ii (78): 'as fierce as a Lion of Cotsolde';Thersites(Dodsley 1, 403), etc.[566]line, array.[567]Cf. Palsg. 695: assemble in routes, styrre about.[568]H. changes 'and' into 'as.'[569]Cf. 'chieve, 'low.[570]intercede.[571]Jocose formation; probably a "collock," a (kitchen) pail (North-Engl.acc. to Halliwell). A large pail generally with an erect handle in Yorks, Lancash., etc. (Wright,Dial. Dict.). Cf. Heywood,Prov.2, ch. 7, "give you arecumbentibus." If this fine Latin ending was a school-joke it would be of chronological importance.[572]Stupefied; cf. Pilsgr. p. 421.[573]for security; seeRobyn Hode, st. 63;Cock Lorels Bote, etc.[574]T. in addressing the 'Miles' goes on with his military jargon. In E. this line is assigned to Royster, and the next two lines from 'But' to 'befall' to T. Trustie.[575]By the mass![576]IV. viii, Cf. Plaut.Miles, v. 1394seq.[577]E. has 'you.'[578]the 'goose' would produce the same effect as the 'snail' inThersites.[579]Heywood,Prov.1, ch. 5 (21): "thus be I by this oncele senior de graunde, | many that commaund me, I shall commaunde."[580]Cf.Mil. Glor.1406.[581]Heywood'sProv.2, ch. 8;ib.1, ch. 2; Camden,Prov.270; Ray, etc.[582]See the complete oath, III. iv, 127.[583]masculine, furious.[584]See Child'sBallads, Index; Flügel'sLesebuch, 440.[585]Gog's bones,G. G. N. passim.[586]E. has the stage direction:Exeant om[587]TheExeatin E. stands at the end of 61.[588]natural disposition.[589]make proof of; cf. Palsgr. p. 762.[590]Cf. Plaut.Miles, v. 957 (IV. i, 11).[591]straightway, therefore.[592]Note the rhyme.[593]Cf. Sherwood, s.v.: ... 'rude,' 'simple,' 'vil,' etc.[594]Note the rhyme.[595]Cf. stablishe, etc.[596]E. and A. have an interrogation mark.[597]Adulteress.[598]E., 'here were ye wished to haue.'[599]Nom.-vocative; cf. V. vi, 37.[600]reproach.[601]See IV. ii, 14.[602]Cf. Koch'sHist. Gram.2: 324.[603]Cf. last scene of Ter.Eunuchus.[604]"Unless you desire it."[605]E. has interrogation mark.[606]Cf.Eunuch.V. viii, 49:Fatuus est, insulsus, bardus.[607]Cf.ib.V. viii, 57;Hunc comedendum et deridendum vobis propino.[608]E., 'maintaiue.'[609]Cf.Eunuch.V. viii, 62:Numquam etiam fui usquam, quin me omnes amarint plurimum.[610]Cf. Pollock-Maitland,Hist. Engl. Law, 1, 171: "The Exchequer is called a curia ... it receives and audits the accounts of the sheriffs and other collectors; it calls the King's debtors before it," etc.[611]Cf. Wright's Songs, 76.[612]See Introd.,Date of the Play.[613]See AppendixG.[614]The title, 'Fidei Defensor,' was given to Henry VIII. in 1521; the title,Defender of the Faith, is found in the statutes of Mary and Elizabeth;Defenders of the Faithin those of Philip and Mary.[615]Similarly in thePrayerat the end ofCambyses.[616]Similarly in thePrayerat the end ofLike will to Like.[617]Similarly in the plays ofJacob and Esau,Disob. Child,New Custom,Cambyses,Like will to Like.[618]Similarly in thePrayersofNice Wanton,Disob. Child,Appius,Like will to Like,Triall of Treas.[all estates].[619]See I. iv, 112.[620]A. (and E.?): 'free.'[621]To be inserted III. iii, 152.[622]Cf. III. iii, 120.[623]Cf. III. iii, 53.[624]Sic.E.[625]H. changes to 'none.'[626]Cf. the slight differences III. iii, 59.[627]Entirely new line.[628]Cf., on 'Voices' of Bells, Brand,Pop. Ant.2: 214, 216.[629]Cotgr.: a Triple; also Gaillard-time in Music.

[328]Cf. Prol. toJack Juggler.

[329]Cf. the "lerned men" in the Prol. to the EnglishAndria, circa 1520.

[330]The northern plural.

[331]To be the bell-wether, to excel.

[332]Cf. Camden'sProverbs, p. 264; Ray'sProverbs, p. 132.

[333]Roger bon temps: a mad rascal, a merry greek;Gringalet: a merry grig ... rogue, etc. (Cotgrave).

[334]A. has 'know.'

[335]SeeLike well to Like, Dodsley, 3: 337.

[336]Cf. Robert the Ryfelar, etc., inPierce Plowman; Peter Piebaker, etc., inThersytes; Margery Mylkeducke, etc., in Skelton.

[337]Cf. More's lines to Davy the dycer (Works, p. 1433ª.)

[338]See AppendixC.

[339]Cf. Ben Jonson'sNew Inn, II. ii.

[340]Cf. Hankin boby inThersytes; Handy-dandy inP. Plowman; Huddy-peke inFour Elements, in Skelton, etc.;ib.hoddy poule (= "dunder-head," Dyce).

[341]"This ointment is even shot-anchor," Heywood'sFour PP. (= last resort).

[342]Cf. ll. 47, 49; for the whole scene cf. Plautus,Miles Glor.v. 31sqq.:Et adsentandumst quicquid bic mentibitur; also Ter.Eunucbus, II. ii, 252et seq.

[343]Cf. Palsgrave, 542: "I face as one dothe that brauleth."

[344]boasting.

[345]Of course 'kinges' if written before July 7, 1553; probably changed to 'Queen' (= Elizabeth) by the printer. (Fleay conjectures,Hist. Stage, p. 59, thatR. D.was revived March 8, 1561; the play having been rewritten from an Edward VI. interlude.Gen. Ed.)

[346]The 'n' transferred from 'myne' (my nowne). Cf.nuncle, etc.

[347]Cf.Like will to Like,329; Leland calls Udallniveum ... sodalem; Cooper's ed. XXVII.

[348]Heywood'sProv.;Lear, V. iii, 15.

[349]R. R. D.addressesM.with 'thou' 'thee,' whereasM.uses—on the whole—'you, ye' (toR. R. D.); cf. Skeat'sWilliam of Palerne, XLI. note; Zupitza'sGuy, v. 356, note.

[350]Cf.Miles, v. 1063.

[351]The first half line is not assigned toR. R. D.in E. and A.; but it should be.Gen. Ed.

[352]certainly; cf. 'hardily,' Chauc.C. T. Prol.v. 156.

[353]E. has the comma after 'offende.'

[354]E. misprintshefor 'ye'; corrected by C. and H.

[355]An oath = by God's armes; cf. V. vi, 22.

[356]Cf.Thersytes, Dodsley, 1, 403.

[357]Cf.Phil Soc. Dict.s.v. Aprep.§ 11; C. and H. drop the 'a.'

[358]The quotation marks are the editor's.

[359]E., 'Whom.'

[360]never; C., 'ne're'; H., 'ne'er.'

[361]Middle Engl. comparative; cf.near,ner, etc.

[362]Cf. Plautus,Miles, 965.

[363]'an.'

[364]Cf. Heywood'sProverbs, I. ch. 11 (72); 300Epigrams, 158.

[365]mastership; see l. 116, etc.; cf. 'ientman,' III. v, 8; 'gemman,' etc.

[366]Cf. Plaut.Miles, 1061.

[367]Cf.ib.:Neu ecastor nimis uilist tandem.

[368]Cf.ib.68,et passim; and Terent.Eunuch.V. viii, 62.

[369]Cf. Plaut.Miles, 1264, and the whole of the first scene.

[370]Cf. 'Ko I,' 'Ko she,' III. iii, 21, 35; 'Ko you,' III. iv, 131;Pericles, II. i. 82; "Die Ke-tha?" 'company quotha?'Four Elements[Dodsley, 1, 23].

[371]Cf.Thersites, [Dodsley, 1, 399, 400].

[372]E., 'Cuy.'

[373]diabolicae staturae; seeGuy of Warwick, v. 9945, etc.

[374]Brutus, of the British, Welsh or Arthurian story, hence generally a hero [Murray].

[375]'Alie' = Hali, Haly, Holy?orAlye =affinis= of the neighbouring country?

[376]Cf. Plaut.Miles, 777; Achilles,ib.1054.

[377]Tertius e caelo cecidit Cato, Juven.Sat.2, 40.

[378]Cf. Plaut.Miles, 65.

[379]Cf. "a prince of highe parage,"Chester Plays, 1, 157.

[380]Cf. Caxton's "faytes of armes" (Prol. Eneydos), theM. L."facta guerrae, armorum."

[381]E., 'They' (not 'That,' as A. reads).

[382]love; cf. III. iv, 99. Baby-talk? or the language of the Dutch 'minions'? Hazlitt says: a colloquialism still in use. But the dictionaries are silent.

[383]R. uses 'you'; cf. I. ii, 8.

[384]Cf. Palsgrave, 477, "Je revolve."

[385]Cf. I. iv, iii, etc., C. & H. 'To.'

[386]Not in E.; added by C. In E., the comma is after 'while.'

[387]Cf. I. ii, 44; IV. vi, 7.

[388]Cf. Reinhardstoettner,Plautus, etc., 671:Capitano Spavento viene con li musici per far una mattinata a Isabella.

[389]specimen.

[390]On Mumblecrust, etc., see AppendixD.

[391]Interrupting Mage.

[392]Better fare than usual. See Harrison'sDescription of Engl.in Holinshed'sChron.1, 168 (ed. 1587).

[393]Note the fondness for proverbs, a trait taken from life and often to be found in later plays.—Sherwood: To whurre, whurle (or yarre) as a dog,Gronder comme un chien. Cooper: scolding. It is perhaps = whirr, whirret (slashing, slash)?

[394]Cf. III. iii, 102; Heywood'sProverbs, 1, ch. 2 (p. 6); Camden'sProverbs, 276, 277, etc.

[395]Apparently vv. 17, 18.

[396]Heywood'sProverbs, 2, ch. 7. Patten: a wooden shoe that made a great clattering.

[397]Wager; cf.G. G. N., I. iii, 20; I. iv, 47.

[398]entering.

[399]Sherwood:Une vieille charougne. A tough toothlesse trot, etc.

[400]The same song is alluded to inA pore Helpe(Hazlitt'sEarly Pop. Poetry, 3, 253).

[401]stitch.

[402]Cf.whippit(in Halliwell): to jump about, etc. InA Treatise shewing ... the Pryde and Abuse of Women Now a Dayes(c. 1550): "With whippet a whyle lyttle pretone, Prancke it, and hagge it well," etc.

[403]E. has comma.

[404]Murray's earliest quotation for 'here away,' etc., is from 1564.

[405]Sherwood:Bon mesnagier.

[406]bring to an end.

[407]yield it you = reward.

[408]I had; I wot. The dialect (generally southern, but occasionally also northern) used by rustic characters in the earlier plays;e.g.inG. G. N.,Trial of Treasure,Like will to Like, etc.

[409]Cf.G. G. N.v. 211; Heywood,Prov.2, ch. 7; Camden,Prov.268.

[410]mincing, coy.

[411]Cf. the whispering scene in theTrial of Treasure.

[412]Cf. the slave of Polymachæroplagides in Plaut.Pseudolus.

[413]Hazlitt: intentional nonsense for 'nobis miscebetur[!]miserere.' Liturgical words muttered indistinctly and used here jocosely. Heywood: "betweene you and your GinifineeNycebecetur" (Prov.1, ch. 11, p. 57 = 'What's her name?'Nescio quid dicitur?).

[414]Cf. 'spoke,' V. v, 5; and 'take,' III. iii, 135.

[415]make (Hazlitt).

[416]avise, advise.

[417]R.'s oaths are generally not so strong; I count inG. G. N.48 oaths beginning with, By Gog's, Cocks, etc.

[418]For the rhyme's sake; cf. Wilson'sRhetorique, 202:Reticencia, A whisht or warning to speake no more.

[419]These lines are assigned to R. in E.

[420]Cf. Sherwood:Grison, gray with age, ... grizle.

[421]This part of the scene is the reverse of Plaut.Miles, v. 1000seq., where Pal. has difficulties in keeping Pyrg. from falling in love with the servant.

[422]Cf.G. G. N.p. 252.

[423]'Is it not she?' cf. v. 88; II. iv, 14. Elliptical construction, cf. Heywood,Johan, ll. 26 and 624.

[424]friendly (Cotgr.).

[425]Cf. Chaucer'sMiller's Tale, 3268, Skelton, etc.

[426]C., 'to' spare.

[427]Cf. the first scene in Plaut.Miles. Instead of the blue spider, etc., Thersites kills Cotswold Lions, fights against a snail, as Horribilicribrifax against a cat, and Sir Thopas (inEndymion) against the 'monster' Ovis.

[428]Pouldre blanche: a powder compounded of Ginger, Cinnamon, and Nutmegs (Cotgrave). Cf.Blaunche laundin theStory of Fulk Fitz Warine; the Lady of Blanchland in the poem onCarle off Carlilein Percy'sFolio Ms.3, 279, etc.

[429]Cf. Plaut.Miles, I. i, 26.

[430]Northern dialect for 'bush.'

[431]In the series of the 'blue spider' and the 'gozeling.' Cf. "the King of Cockneys onChildermas-day," Brand'sPop. Ant.1, 536, etc.

[432]by the holy blood? (Hazlitt:quasisemblety, semblance.)

[433]Cf.CustrelinPhil. Soc. Dict., Coustillierin Cotgr.

[434]Here follows a farcical scene, doubtlessly inserted for the applause of the galleries. The musicians are supposed to kneel in mock reverence (v. 90), while M. indulges in practical jokes upon R.

[435]A picture of such a 'fool's feather,' added to the 'comb' in Douce'sIllustrations, II. Plate 4, 1 (cf. ib. p. 322).

[436]E.,famulae, but the maids are not on the stage; v. 107 (his men) shows that the musicians are meant.

[437]Cantentrefers apparently to theSeconde Songat the end of the play.

[438]E. has '?'.

[439]gave. Cf.The Lytell Geste of Robyn Hode: "Take him a gray courser," etc.

[440]Cf. 'allowe,' V. i, 12; 'chieve,' 'gree,' etc. (C. changes: 'loue').

[441]promised.

[442]affianced; cf. IV. i, 17; IV iii, 41; V. ii, 6.

[443]C., 'ioly'; cf. ioily, II. iii, 53.

[444]Custance's quick answer need not be carried back to Parmenio (as by Cooper).

[445]II. i. A night has passed between the first and the second acts [note the 'last day' in v. 46]. The following monologue is distinctly in the spirit of the Roman comedy. The signature at the bottom of this page in the E. copy is C v.

[446]E., 'his,' and no dashes, but a comma after 'woundes.'

[447]Twangillosin Halliwell,Twangoin Flügel'sDict.

[448]An onomatopoetic melody, song; cf.Romeo, IV. v, 108, 129.

[449]flute.

[450]Cf. Skelton against Garnesche: "Ye wolde be callyd a maker And make mocke lyke Jake Raker" (Dyce: "an imaginary person whose name had become proverbial" for bad verses).

[451]Note 'pastance,' indicating the original pronunciation in the rhyme, III. iii, 151; V. ii, 23; where the word is not required for the rhyme we find 'pastime,' V. v, 20, etc. So in Henry VIII's famous song,Pastime with good companye, we have the word rhyming with 'daliance,' 'daunce.'

[452]From time to time.Prompt. Parv. Gen. Ed.

[453]'shoke' in Shakespeare; 'chid' cf. II. iii, 4.

[454]unsuccessful.

[455]Cf.Hickscorner(Dodsley, 1, 168): "If any of us three be mayor of London I wis I will ride to Rome on my thumb."

[456]touchstone (Cotgr.). The Lombards famous as bankers; ill famed for their "subtyl crafft ... to deceyue a gentyl man" (Boorde'sIntrod., p. 186).

[457]Cf. Chaucer,Troil.4, 461; Heywood,Prov.2, ch. 1. Reference to the cure of nettle-stings by dock-leaves.

[458]running about.

[459]Cf. Boorde'sIntrod., 191, etc.

[460]neat. Cf. Ascham,Tox.28.

[461]E. and A. read: 'ferdegews'; C. and H.: 'ferdegews.' Is it the same as French:Verdugalle(A vardingale, Cotgr.)?ib.s.v.Bavolet: A billiment or head-attire, etc.

[462]gay (the earliest quot. in Murray is from 1568).

[463]Cf. Jamieson'sScott. Dict.: Prickmedainty, one who is finical in dress or carriage.

[464]Is this related to "giving a fig"?

[465]ready for every event (Phil. Soc. Dict.).

[466]to make a thing a subject for reproach (Phil. Soc. Dict.).

[467]Four Elem.(Dodsley, 1, 20).

[468]Cf. Cotgr.s.v. Trenon: f. A great raumpe, or tomboy;s.v. Trotiere: f. A raumpe ... raunging damsell, etc.

[469]E., 'No did?'—'did' spoils the rhyme.

[470]Cf. Palsgrave, 415; I abye, I forthynke or am punished for a thynge, etc.

[471]Cf. II. iv, 26.

[472]Wrong signature in E., D. v.

[473]burden.

[474]Cf.Appius and Virg.(Dodsley, 4, 121): "it's time to be knacking," etc.

[475]he will show what a fool he is; cf. Skelton, 2, 254: "thou wylte coughe me a dawe" (a fole, etc.).

[476]E. has a period.

[477]Cf. Palsgr.: Byrde bolt matteras; Cotgrave, s.v. 'Matteras' ... a quarrell [arrow] without feathers, ... a light-brain'd ... fellow.

[478]See Udall'sApophthegms(1542,apudMurray): "chop-loguers or great pratlers." The word originated in Protestant derision of the 'tropological' and 'anagogical' senses of the scholastics; cf.Tindale on the four senses of Scripture(Obedience of a Christian Man, 304, 307, 308): "we must seek out some chopological sense."

[479]Cf. Heywood,Prov.2, ch. 4 (109); 300Epigrams, p. 149, etc.

[480]To hit, or run against (Baret, 1580, cf. Hall).

[481]heavy, stupid fellow (Halliwell).

[482]Cf. Sherwood: a Hob (or clowne).

[483]lubber.

[484]Cf. Baw! as an exclamation of contempt, repudiation, inPierce Plowm., C. 13, 74, 22, 398 ("still used in Lancashire as an interjection of contempt and abhorrence," Whitaker, 1813, cf. Skeat).

[485]humiliated; Shak.,1 Hen. VI.(IV. iii, 13).

[486]not only the lover, sweetheart, etc., but also the flatterer, favorite (of a prince), despicable creature (cf. Cotgr.).

[487]a Latinism (floccifacere); used also in Udall'sParaphr. to Luke(1545; seePhil. Soc. Dict.).

[488]Cf.Towneley Myst., 101, andTrial of Treasure; 'wynde,'Four Elem.; "let the world 'slide,'"Wit and Science.

[489]A translation from the LatinOrdo ad visitandum infirmum(interroget cum episcopus, quomodo credat in deum, Maskell,Mon. Rit., 1, 89).

[490]On this Mock Requiem see p.186and AppendixE.

[491]executor.

[492]Cf. Sherwood:Roger bon temps, a mad rascall, a merry greek.

[493]See p.187.

[494]Cf. I. ii, 181; I. iv, 4; II. iii, 10, etc.

[495]by God's Armes!

[496]swoon.

[497]Cf. I. iii, 11, 14.

[498]Heywood,Prov.1, ch. 4 (17); Camden'sProv., 271.

[499]H. makes the rhyme 'carriage.'

[500]voice? or rather courage.

[501]Cf. Palsgr. p. 664: set the plyghtes in order.

[502]gallant; cf. I. ii, 124, and theFourth Song, v. 7.

[503]A. has 'should.'

[504]Cf. Palsgr. 589: I jette with facyon and countenaunce to set forthe my selfe.Je braggue, etc.

[505]E. has no punctuation after 'mastershyp' or 'lord'; A. has a period after the former.

[506]impudent fellow!

[507]never.

[508]Cf. Halliwell: to keep the term 'master' out of sight, to be wanting in proper respect [M. makes good his carelessness in the next verses!]

[509]Cf. 'chose,' I. iv, 15.

[510]In a 'treyce'; the French way of counting in games; cf.ambs ace,syce ace, etc.

[511]This seems to refer to the 'Fourth Song' at the end of the play.

[512]As early as thePromptorium Parvulorum: Gawde or jape =Nuga.

[513]C., 'have us.'

[514]E., 'sernice.'

[515]The ambiguous letter finds a pre-Shakespearian parallel in the satirical poem onWomenprinted fromAdd. Ms.17492, fol. 18, in Flügel'sLesebuch, p. 39; and in the poem printed in Ebert'sJahrbuch, 14, 214.

[516]Cf. III. v, 77, where R. should have written or inserted 'yᵉˡ,' thus obviating the necessity of resorting to bad grammar—'they' for 'them.'

[517]See AppendixHunder 'Arber.'

[518]Cf. IV. vii, 48; an oath in Skelton'sMagnif.685 (andBowge, 398). Calais was lost to the English January 20, 1558.

[519]Cf. v. 110, 122; II. iii, 17, etc.

[520]= Gog's. R.'s oaths, gain force with his misfortune.

[521]Cf. I. ii, 146.

[522]make; cf. I. iv, 18.

[523]Palæstrio (Miles Glor.1244):Nam tu te vilem feceris...Sine ultro veniat, quæsitet, desideret, exspectet.

[524]Cf. Tindale, 1462 [Prol. Jonas]: "the heathen Ninivites though they were blinded with lusts a good";Two G. of V., IV. iv, 170: "weep agood."

[525]Cf. III. ii, 52.

[526]sooner.

[527]Cf. 'cousin,' III. i, 4.

[528]swindling.

[529]robbing; Palsgr. 465: I bribe, I pull, I pyll!Ie bribe (Romane), je derebbe ...He bribeth and he polleth.

[530]So in E.; A., C., and H. give the words "Nay ... still" toMeryunnecessarily.

[531]R. had received his copy back from Custance!

[532]Omitted in A.

[533]head; cf.G. G. N., p. 250;Hickscorner,p. 168, etc.

[534]H. gives this line to R.

[535]by all means; cf. I. ii, 175; IV, iii, 41, etc.

[536]whether.

[537]welfare; cf.Prol.10.

[538]Cf. 'spouse,' etc., I. v, 9; IV. iii, 41. E. has comma between 'wife' and 'Espoused'.

[539]Cf. V. iv, 28; 'cheek' here like 'eyes,' 'teeth.'

[540]F., 'supect.'

[541]Taken from Plautus,Mil. Glor.I. 1.

[542]Cf. IV. i, 17.

[543]Note the 'thee' and 'you.'

[544]Cf. I. i, 49.

[545]Cf. III. iv, 7, 8.

[546]lubber or lout.

[547]C. adds the rhyme: 'though I die.'

[548]See AppendixF.

[549]simple, timid.

[550]R. 'thous' Custance now!

[551]Cf. v. 102 'passion'; 'pashe,' IV. vii, 51; IV. viii, 52.

[552]A. reads 'mowe,' C. 'inowe.'

[553]Cf. Cotgr.,Tressault: A start ... also, a leap.

[554]Cf. I. ii, 140.

[555]Cf. II, iii. 17; III. iv, 85.

[556]Think of it.

[557]Sherwood, To appall:Esmayer,descourager.

[558]once for all.

[559]breme, brim, furious; cf. V. 34.

[560]So in E. C. reads correctly 'the'; but A. has 'yat,' and M. 'that.'

[561]The names of the speakers in vv. 10 and 11 are by mistake in inverse order in E.

[562]'mockage' is neither English nor French. Palsgr., Cotgr., etc., do not have it; Halliwell quotes it from "Collier'sOld Ballads48; Harrison, 235."

[563]See II. iii, 32.

[564]Cf. the figure of Crafty Conueyaunce in Skelton'sMagnyfycence.

[565]the 'Cotswold lyon' is the 'sheepe' of v. 29; cf. Heywood,Prov.I. ch. ii (78): 'as fierce as a Lion of Cotsolde';Thersites(Dodsley 1, 403), etc.

[566]line, array.

[567]Cf. Palsg. 695: assemble in routes, styrre about.

[568]H. changes 'and' into 'as.'

[569]Cf. 'chieve, 'low.

[570]intercede.

[571]Jocose formation; probably a "collock," a (kitchen) pail (North-Engl.acc. to Halliwell). A large pail generally with an erect handle in Yorks, Lancash., etc. (Wright,Dial. Dict.). Cf. Heywood,Prov.2, ch. 7, "give you arecumbentibus." If this fine Latin ending was a school-joke it would be of chronological importance.

[572]Stupefied; cf. Pilsgr. p. 421.

[573]for security; seeRobyn Hode, st. 63;Cock Lorels Bote, etc.

[574]T. in addressing the 'Miles' goes on with his military jargon. In E. this line is assigned to Royster, and the next two lines from 'But' to 'befall' to T. Trustie.

[575]By the mass!

[576]IV. viii, Cf. Plaut.Miles, v. 1394seq.

[577]E. has 'you.'

[578]the 'goose' would produce the same effect as the 'snail' inThersites.

[579]Heywood,Prov.1, ch. 5 (21): "thus be I by this oncele senior de graunde, | many that commaund me, I shall commaunde."

[580]Cf.Mil. Glor.1406.

[581]Heywood'sProv.2, ch. 8;ib.1, ch. 2; Camden,Prov.270; Ray, etc.

[582]See the complete oath, III. iv, 127.

[583]masculine, furious.

[584]See Child'sBallads, Index; Flügel'sLesebuch, 440.

[585]Gog's bones,G. G. N. passim.

[586]E. has the stage direction:Exeant om

[587]TheExeatin E. stands at the end of 61.

[588]natural disposition.

[589]make proof of; cf. Palsgr. p. 762.

[590]Cf. Plaut.Miles, v. 957 (IV. i, 11).

[591]straightway, therefore.

[592]Note the rhyme.

[593]Cf. Sherwood, s.v.: ... 'rude,' 'simple,' 'vil,' etc.

[594]Note the rhyme.

[595]Cf. stablishe, etc.

[596]E. and A. have an interrogation mark.

[597]Adulteress.

[598]E., 'here were ye wished to haue.'

[599]Nom.-vocative; cf. V. vi, 37.

[600]reproach.

[601]See IV. ii, 14.

[602]Cf. Koch'sHist. Gram.2: 324.

[603]Cf. last scene of Ter.Eunuchus.

[604]"Unless you desire it."

[605]E. has interrogation mark.

[606]Cf.Eunuch.V. viii, 49:Fatuus est, insulsus, bardus.

[607]Cf.ib.V. viii, 57;Hunc comedendum et deridendum vobis propino.

[608]E., 'maintaiue.'

[609]Cf.Eunuch.V. viii, 62:Numquam etiam fui usquam, quin me omnes amarint plurimum.

[610]Cf. Pollock-Maitland,Hist. Engl. Law, 1, 171: "The Exchequer is called a curia ... it receives and audits the accounts of the sheriffs and other collectors; it calls the King's debtors before it," etc.

[611]Cf. Wright's Songs, 76.

[612]See Introd.,Date of the Play.

[613]See AppendixG.

[614]The title, 'Fidei Defensor,' was given to Henry VIII. in 1521; the title,Defender of the Faith, is found in the statutes of Mary and Elizabeth;Defenders of the Faithin those of Philip and Mary.

[615]Similarly in thePrayerat the end ofCambyses.

[616]Similarly in thePrayerat the end ofLike will to Like.

[617]Similarly in the plays ofJacob and Esau,Disob. Child,New Custom,Cambyses,Like will to Like.

[618]Similarly in thePrayersofNice Wanton,Disob. Child,Appius,Like will to Like,Triall of Treas.[all estates].

[619]See I. iv, 112.

[620]A. (and E.?): 'free.'

[621]To be inserted III. iii, 152.

[622]Cf. III. iii, 120.

[623]Cf. III. iii, 53.

[624]Sic.E.

[625]H. changes to 'none.'

[626]Cf. the slight differences III. iii, 59.

[627]Entirely new line.

[628]Cf., on 'Voices' of Bells, Brand,Pop. Ant.2: 214, 216.

[629]Cotgr.: a Triple; also Gaillard-time in Music.

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